WO2017145694A1 - オーミック電極 - Google Patents
オーミック電極 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017145694A1 WO2017145694A1 PCT/JP2017/003816 JP2017003816W WO2017145694A1 WO 2017145694 A1 WO2017145694 A1 WO 2017145694A1 JP 2017003816 W JP2017003816 W JP 2017003816W WO 2017145694 A1 WO2017145694 A1 WO 2017145694A1
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- layer
- electrode
- electrode layer
- ohmic contact
- heat treatment
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- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- RUFLMLWJRZAWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silicide Chemical compound [Ni]=[Si]=[Ni] RUFLMLWJRZAWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910021334 nickel silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 53
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 26
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 22
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- GPBUGPUPKAGMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]#N GPBUGPUPKAGMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910008484 TiSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- PEUPIGGLJVUNEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Ni] PEUPIGGLJVUNEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021341 titanium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/7801—DMOS transistors, i.e. MISFETs with a channel accommodating body or base region adjoining a drain drift region
- H01L29/7802—Vertical DMOS transistors, i.e. VDMOS transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/16—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
- H01L29/1608—Silicon carbide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/401—Multistep manufacturing processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/41—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions
- H01L29/417—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/41725—Source or drain electrodes for field effect devices
- H01L29/41741—Source or drain electrodes for field effect devices for vertical or pseudo-vertical devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/43—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/45—Ohmic electrodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ohmic electrode used for a SiC semiconductor device.
- SiC silicon carbide
- MOSFETs MOS field effect transistors
- SiC-MOSFETs MOS field effect transistors
- the ohmic electrode (source / drain electrode) of the SiC-MOSFET includes an ohmic contact layer for making an ohmic contact with the SiC substrate, and an electrode layer having high electrical conductivity on the ohmic contact layer.
- the ohmic contact layer for example, nickel silicide formed by heat-treating Ni provided on a SiC substrate at 800 ° C. is used.
- an Al-based material such as Al or Al—Si having high electrical conductivity is used.
- SiC-MOSFET Compared with Si-IGBT, SiC-MOSFET has a large current flowing through the ohmic electrode, and Al-based materials have problems in terms of heat resistance and durability. In particular, since the current concentrates at the connection portion with the bonding wire, there is a possibility that it is locally heated to 600 ° C. or higher. In addition, since the SiC-MOSFET operates at a relatively high temperature during operation, a shear stress is applied to the ohmic electrode due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the SiC substrate and the ohmic electrode, and cracking or peeling occurs in the Al-based material. There was also.
- the present invention aims to provide an ohmic electrode that is used for a power semiconductor device using a SiC substrate, has good electrical conductivity, is excellent in heat resistance and durability, and has high mechanical strength. .
- the inventors used Cu—Zn, Cu—Ni, Cu—Ti, Cu—Ca, and Cu—Mn alloys as the electrode layer material, and formed a barrier layer to diffuse the ohmic contact material. As a result of the prevention, it was found that a good ohmic electrode can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention provides an ohmic electrode for use in an SiC semiconductor device, the ohmic contact layer formed on the SiC semiconductor layer, made of a material selected from the group consisting of nickel and nickel silicide, and the ohmic contact layer. And an electrode layer formed on the barrier layer and made of a copper alloy containing at least one of zinc, nickel, titanium, manganese, and calcium. Electrode.
- the present invention is also a SiC semiconductor device including such an ohmic electrode.
- an ohmic electrode for an SiC semiconductor device having good electrical conductivity, excellent heat resistance and durability, and high mechanical strength.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a SiC-MOSFET according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the electrical resistivity before and behind heat processing of the Cu electrode layer formed on the barrier layer is shown.
- the surface SEM photograph of the Cu electrode layer after heat processing is shown.
- the surface SEM photograph of the Cu alloy electrode layer after heat processing is shown.
- the surface SEM photograph after heat processing of the Cu electrode layer produced on the nickel silicide is shown. It is the surface SEM photograph of the Al type electrode layer after heat processing.
- No. It is a surface SEM photograph after heat-treating B-9 (Cu / Mo / NiSi) at 600 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- No. 6 is a surface SEM photograph after heat treatment of B-11 (Cu—Zn / Mo / NiSi) at 600 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an SiC-MOSFET according to an embodiment of the present invention, the whole being represented by 100.
- SiC-MOSFET 100 includes an n-type SiC substrate 1.
- An epitaxial layer (drift layer) 2 made of n + SiC is provided on the SiC substrate 1.
- An insulating film 5 made of, for example, silicon oxide is provided on the epitaxial layer 2, and a gate electrode 6 made of, for example, polycrystalline silicon is provided thereon.
- the periphery of the gate electrode 6 is also covered with the insulating film 5.
- a p-type region 3 is provided on both sides of the gate electrode 6, and an n-type region 4 is provided in the p-type region 3.
- the p-type region 3 and the n-type region 4 are formed by selectively introducing impurities into the epitaxial layer 2 using, for example, an ion implantation method or a thermal diffusion method.
- the ohmic contact layer 11 is provided on the n-type region 4.
- the ohmic contact layer 11 is made of, for example, nickel silicide and has a film thickness of, for example, 100 nm.
- the ohmic contact layer 11 is formed by forming a Ni film on the n-type region 4 made of, for example, SiC using a sputtering method and then reacting Si and Ni by heat treatment.
- a 100 nm-thick thermal oxide film (silicon oxide film) was formed on a Si substrate, and a 100 nm-thick sputter layer was formed thereon by simultaneous discharge using a Ni target and a single crystal Si target. .
- the sputtering conditions are as follows.
- Sputtering gas Argon Gas pressure: 2 mTorr Power: RF150W (Ni target), DC400W (Si target)
- the sputtered layer was found to be nickel silicide (Ni 2 Si, NiSi), and it was confirmed that the ohmic contact layer 11 was nickel silicide under the annealing conditions.
- the ohmic contact layer 11 is normally converted to nickel silicide by annealing at 800 ° C. or higher. However, depending on the thickness of the Ni layer, the heat treatment time, and the heat treatment temperature, some of the ohmic contact layer 11 is not silicided. May remain on the surface of the ohmic contact layer 11.
- the ohmic contact layer 11 is preferably formed from nickel silicide, but in addition to the case where a part of the ohmic contact layer 11 is not silicided and remains Ni, the ohmic contact layer 11 is formed from Ni. Also good.
- a barrier layer 12 is provided on the ohmic contact layer 11 in order to prevent mutual diffusion between the material of the ohmic contact layer 11 and the material of the electrode layer 13 formed on the barrier layer 12.
- Mo is used as the material of the barrier layer 12. Since Cu contained in the electrode layer 13 and Ni contained in the ohmic contact layer 11 are all solid solution, mutual diffusion is likely to occur. However, since Cu and Mo are non-solid solution, mutual diffusion hardly occurs. . When interdiffusion occurs, Cu conductivity decreases, and a brittle interdiffusion layer tends to be formed at the interface, and the performance of the SiC-MOSFET 100 deteriorates.
- the barrier layer 12 As a material of the barrier layer 12, for example, Ta, W, Nb, Ti, or a nitride thereof is used in addition to Mo. In particular, TiN is suitable for the barrier layer 12 because it exhibits excellent electrical conductivity.
- the film thickness of the barrier layer 12 is, for example, 50 nm, but may be selected within a range where the lower limit is 10 nm and the upper limit is 100 nm.
- the sputtering method is used for the production of the barrier layer 12, and the film forming conditions when the material is Mo are, for example, as follows.
- the film forming conditions when Ta, W, and Nb are used as materials are as follows, for example.
- Sputtering gas Argon Gas pressure: 2 mTorr Power: DC260 ⁇ 500W
- the film forming conditions when Ti is used as the material are as follows, for example.
- molybdenum nitride is used as the material of the barrier layer 12
- molybdenum nitride is produced under the following sputtering conditions using a molybdenum target and a mixed gas of argon and nitrogen as a sputtering gas.
- molybdenum nitride is produced under the following sputtering conditions using a titanium target and a mixed gas of argon and nitrogen as the sputtering gas.
- the electrode layer 13 is formed on the barrier layer 12.
- the electrode layer 13 includes, for example, an alloy of Cu and Zn (Cu—Zn), an alloy of Cu and Ni (Cu—Ni), an alloy of Cu and Ti (Cu—Ti), an alloy of Cu and Al (Cu—Al), It consists of an alloy of Cu and Ca (Cu—Ca) and an alloy of Cu and Mn (Cu—Mn).
- the film thickness of the electrode layer 13 is, for example, 300 to 4000 nm, and is manufactured under the following conditions using, for example, a sputtering method.
- Sputtering gas Argon Gas pressure: 2 mTorr Power: DC260 ⁇ 500W
- the source electrode 10 of the SiC-MOSFET 100 is formed. Similar to the source electrode 10, the ohmic contact layer 21, the barrier layer 22, and the electrode layer 23 are sequentially formed on the back surface side of the SiC substrate 1, and the drain electrode 20 is formed. Thus, SiC-MOSFET 100 is completed.
- the ohmic contact layer 21, the barrier layer 22, and the electrode layer 23 are sequentially formed on the back side of the SiC substrate 1 to form the drain electrode 20.
- SiC-MOSFET 100 is completed.
- the material of the electrode layers 13 and 23 is excellent in electric conductivity instead of the conventionally used Al-based material (Al, Al—Si, etc.).
- Cu alloy Cu—Zn, Cu—Ni, Cu—Ti, Cu—Al, Cu—Ca, Cu—Mn having high heat resistance and high heat resistance and high mechanical strength was used.
- an ohmic electrode for SiC-MOSFET having an ohmic electrode having good electrical conductivity, heat resistance, durability and high mechanical strength, and SiC-MOSFET having such an ohmic electrode Provision is possible.
- SiC-MOSFET SiC-MOSFET was demonstrated here, the above-mentioned ohmic electrode is applicable also to other SiC type semiconductor devices like a Schottky barrier diode, for example.
- the thermal stability of the source electrode 10 when the material of the barrier layer 12 is changed will be examined.
- a barrier layer 12 made of Ti, Ni, Mo, Ta is formed on the ohmic contact layer 11, and Cu is formed thereon.
- the electrode layer 13 was prepared.
- the thickness of the barrier layer 12 was 50 nm, and the thickness of the electrode layer 13 was 4000 nm.
- a sample in which a Cu electrode layer 13 was directly laminated on the ohmic contact layer 11 was also formed.
- the heat treatment conditions were set to 450 ° C. assuming a temperature in a general semiconductor device manufacturing process.
- the heat treatment was performed for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the electric resistivity of the electrode layer 13 was measured before and after the heat treatment, and the effect of the barrier layer 12 was evaluated.
- the change in the electrical resistivity of the electrode layer 13 before and after the heat treatment is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows the values of electrical resistivity before and after heat treatment for each sample shown on the horizontal axis.
- Samples using Ti, Ni, Mo, and Ta as barrier layers are described as Cu / Ti, Cu / Ni, Cu / Mo, and Cu / Ta.
- the leftmost Cu is a sample in which a Cu electrode layer 13 is directly formed on the ohmic contact layer 11 as a comparative example.
- the electrical resistivity of the electrode layer 13 is significantly increased from 2.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ cm to 1.35 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ cm. did.
- This electric resistivity is larger than the electric resistivity after the heat treatment of the sample (Cu / Ni), and it can be seen that the diffusion of Ni to the electrode layer 13 is more remarkable on the nickel silicide than on Ni. This is confirmed by analyzing the electrode layer 13.
- the electrical resistivity of the electrode layer 13 increases, the loss during energization increases and the conversion efficiency of the SiC-MOSFET is significantly reduced. Further, due to the heat generation in the electrode layer 13, the device characteristics are deteriorated or the thermal conductivity correlated with the electrical resistivity is decreased, and the heat conduction is performed even though Cu having high thermal conductivity is used for the electrode layer. May be further reduced, and further deterioration of the element may be promoted.
- the electrode layer 13 excellent in electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity can be formed.
- the sample in which Mo is used for the barrier layer 12 (Cu / Mo) is the same as the barrier layer 12, and the electrode layer 13 has a Cu—Zn alloy (Cu—0.1 at% Zn, Cu—1 at% Zn). , Cu-2 at% Zn, Cu-5 at% Zn), the surface state of the electrode layer 13 after the heat treatment was observed.
- the heat treatment conditions are the same as in the case of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of the surface of a sample (Cu / Mo) in which the electrode layer 13 is Cu
- FIG. 4 is a sample (Cu-1 at% Zn / Cu) in which the electrode layer 13 is a Cu—Zn (Cu-1 at% Zn) alloy. It is a SEM photograph of the surface of Mo).
- voids along the grain boundaries are generated on the surface of the electrode layer 13, but such voids are not observed in FIG. Since the generation of voids decreases the heat resistance, it can be seen that the addition of Zn as the material of the electrode layer 13 suppresses the generation of voids during the heat treatment and improves the heat resistance.
- Table 1 is a table summarizing electrical resistivity and heat resistance when various samples are heat-treated.
- the ohmic contact layer 11 is Ni
- the heat treatment condition is 450 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the electrical resistivity is evaluated based on the value of the electrical resistivity of the electrode layer 13 after the heat treatment, and may be 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less ( ⁇ ), 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ ⁇ If it was larger than cm, it was judged as impossible (x).
- the heat resistance was evaluated by observing the electrode layer 13 after the heat treatment with an SEM. If no grain boundary void was observed on the surface, it was acceptable ( ⁇ ), and if it was observed, it was not possible (x).
- the electrical resistivity does not increase greatly before and after the heat treatment by using the barrier layer 12 such as Mo.
- the barrier layer 12 such as Mo.
- the proportion of Zn is large in Cu-5 at% Zn, the electrical resistivity is large. It has become.
- the component of the barrier layer was not observed.
- Ni is a solid solution with respect to Cu, but non-solid solution with Mo, and tungsten and niobium form a compound. That is, as the material of the barrier layer 12, it is preferable to use a material that does not form a solid solution with Cu, that is, a material that forms an insoluble solution or compound.
- the electrode layer 13 is Cu
- grain boundary voids were observed, but by adding 0.1 to 5 at% Zn to Cu, generation of surface voids was suppressed.
- Cu-1 at% Ni and Cu-1 at% Ti are listed as materials having heat resistance against the heat treatment.
- protrusions are formed on the surface with Cu-1 at% Ti, but flatness is obtained with Cu-1 at% Ni as with Cu-1 at% Zn.
- Table 2 shows a comparative example of an electrode structure that does not have the barrier layer 12, and Ni, Ti, Al, NiSi x (nickel silicide), and TiSi x (titanium silicide) were used as the material of the ohmic contact layer 11. . Further, Cu, Cu—Ni alloy, and Cu—Ti alloy were used as the material of the electrode layer 13. The heat treatment conditions are one hour at 450 ° C. as in Table 1.
- the electrical resistivity was evaluated based on the value of the electrical resistivity of the electrode layer 13 after the heat treatment in the same manner as in Table 1. If it is 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less ( ⁇ ), 4.0 If it was larger than ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ ⁇ cm, it was judged as impossible ( ⁇ ).
- the heat resistance was evaluated by observing the surface of the electrode layer 13 after the heat treatment with SEM. If no grain boundary voids were observed, ⁇ , if observed, ⁇ , and if a protrusion was observed, ⁇ , abnormal diffusion was observed. If it was, it was set as ⁇ .
- the electrical resistivity after the heat treatment was higher than 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the ohmic contact layer 11 is silicide (NiSi, TiSi), a large defect was confirmed as shown in the surface SEM photograph of FIG. This is considered to be caused by abnormal diffusion from silicide.
- the SiC-MOSFET may have a higher temperature in the usage environment depending on the operating conditions. Therefore, in the following, for each sample, the results when the heat treatment is performed at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes and the results when the heat treatment is performed at 600 ° C. for 5 minutes will be examined.
- Al-based film is formed on a 100 nm-thick thermal oxide film (silicon oxide film) formed on the surface of a silicon substrate. 1 at% Si film) was formed by sputtering, followed by heat treatment at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes and heat treatment at 600 ° C. for 5 minutes, and the surface state was observed.
- FIG. 6 is a surface SEM photograph of the Al-based electrode layer when heat treatment is performed at 600 ° C. for 5 minutes. In the heat treatment at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes, no abnormality was observed on the surface, but when the heat treatment was performed at 600 ° C. for 5 minutes, hillocks were generated as shown in FIG. Thus, when an Al-based material is used for the electrode layer 13, heat resistance of 600 ° C. or higher cannot be obtained.
- the electrode layer 13 by using a Cu-based material for the electrode layer 13, not only at 450 ° C. but also at a high temperature environment such as 600 ° C., by selecting an appropriate barrier layer 12, even after heat treatment, An electrode layer 13 having a good electrical resistivity can be obtained, and the electrode layer 13 excellent in electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity can be formed.
- FIG. 7 shows a sample (No. B-9 in Table 3) in which the electrode layer 13 / barrier layer 12 / ohmic contact layer 11 is Cu / Mo / NiSi after heat treatment at 600 ° C. for 5 minutes. It is a surface SEM photograph. 8 shows that a sample (No. B-11 in Table 3) in which the electrode layer 13 / barrier layer 12 / ohmic contact layer 11 is Cu—Zn / Mo / NiSi is subjected to a heat treatment at 600 ° C. for 5 minutes. It is a surface SEM photograph after performing.
- FIG. 7 shows that voids are generated along grain boundaries in the Cu electrode layer 13.
- the generation of voids is more prominent as compared to the case where heat treatment is performed at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the generation of voids is reduced in the Cu—Zn electrode layer 13. Since the generation of voids reduces the heat resistance of the electrode layer 13, it can be seen that by adding Zn to Cu as the material of the electrode layer 13, the generation of voids during the heat treatment is suppressed and the heat resistance is improved.
- Table 3 shows evaluation results of electrical resistivity and heat resistance when various samples are subjected to heat treatment at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes or heat treatment at 600 ° C. for 5 minutes in addition to the above two samples.
- the SiO 2 film was formed on the Si substrate, and the structure shown in Table 3 was formed thereon.
- Ni or nickel silicide (NiSi) was used for the ohmic contact layer 11 and the heat treatment conditions were 450 ° C. for 30 minutes or 600 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- the electrical resistivity is evaluated based on the value of the electrical resistivity of the electrode layer 13 after the heat treatment, and may be 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less ( ⁇ ), 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ ⁇ If it was larger than cm, it was judged as impossible (x).
- the heat resistance can be evaluated by observing the electrode layer 13 after the heat treatment with an SEM. If no grain boundary void is observed on the surface, it is acceptable (O), and if the grain boundary void is observed (X), no protrusion is present. If observed, it was not possible ( ⁇ ), and if abnormal diffusion was observed, it was not possible ( ⁇ ).
- B-1 to B-7 are the results of evaluating the heat resistance of the Cu-based electrode layer 13 as a single film, that is, the thermal oxide film (silicon oxide film) having a thickness of 100 nm formed on the surface of the silicon substrate.
- a Cu-based electrode layer 13 was prepared and evaluated. No. The electrical resistivity of the Cu—Ti electrode layer of B-4 becomes larger than 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ ⁇ cm after the heat treatment at 600 ° C. for 5 minutes. In the B-5 Cu—Al electrode layer, hillocks were formed on the surface.
- No. in Table 3 B-12 to 20 show the results of evaluating the Cu-based electrode layer 13 using TiN for the barrier layer 12. After heat treatment at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes, no increase in electrical resistivity or surface abnormality was observed. For example, no. As shown in B-14, it is understood that mutual diffusion occurs between the Cu electrode layer 13 and the TiN barrier layer 12 by the heat treatment at 600 ° C. for 5 minutes. In particular, when the Ni-based ohmic contact layer 11 is used, diffusion is remarkable. As a cause of this, TiN is amorphous, and it is considered that nitrogen is desorbed from a part of Ti and contributes to diffusion. Since Ti forms an intermetallic compound with both Cu and Ni, either Ti or Ni is expected to diffuse into the Cu electrode.
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Abstract
Description
スパッタガス:アルゴン
ガス圧: 2mTorr
パワー: RF400W
温度: 800℃
雰囲気: 窒素
スパッタガス:アルゴン
ガス圧: 2mTorr
パワー: RF150W(Niターゲット)、DC400W(Siターゲット)
スパッタガス:アルゴン
ガス圧: 2~10mTorr
パワー: DC260~500W
スパッタガス:アルゴン
ガス圧: 2mTorr
パワー: DC260~500W
スパッタガス:アルゴン、窒素
ガス圧: 2mTorr
パワー: DC260~500W
スパッタガス:アルゴン+窒素(全流量に対する窒素ガス流量比:30%)
ガス圧: 2mTorr
パワー: DC500W
スパッタガス:アルゴン+窒素(全流量に対する窒素ガス流量比:50~90%)
ガス圧: 2mTorr
パワー: DC500~1000W
スパッタガス:アルゴン
ガス圧: 2mTorr
パワー: DC260~500W
2 エピタキシャル層
3 p型領域
4 n型領域
5 絶縁膜
6 ゲート電極
10 ソース電極
20 ドレイン電極
11、21 オーミックコンタクト層
12、22 バリア層
13、23 電極層
100 SiC-MOSFET
Claims (6)
- オーミック電極であって、
SiC半導体層の上に形成され、ニッケルおよびニッケルシリサイドからなるグループから選択される材料からなるオーミックコンタクト層と、
該オーミックコンタクト層の上に形成されたバリア層と、
該バリア層の上に形成され、亜鉛、ニッケル、チタン、マンガン、カルシウムのうち少なくとも1種以上を含む銅合金からなる電極層と、
を含むことを特徴とするオーミック電極。 - 上記バリア層は、銅に対して非固溶の元素または銅と化合物を形成する元素で構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のオーミック電極。
- 上記バリア層は、モリブデン、タンタル、タングステン、ニオブ、チタンおよびこれらの窒化物からなるグループから選択される材料からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のオーミック電極。
- 上記電極層に含まれる亜鉛、ニッケルの量は、0.1at%以上、3at%以下、チタンの量は0.1at%以上、0.5at%以下、マンガン、カルシウムの量は、0.1at%以上、1at%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のオーミック電極。
- 上記バリア層の膜厚は、10nm以上、100nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のオーミック電極。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のオーミック電極を含むことを特徴とするSiC半導体装置。
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US16/079,457 US20190058048A1 (en) | 2016-02-24 | 2017-02-02 | Ohmic electrode |
EP17756136.2A EP3422389A4 (en) | 2016-02-24 | 2017-02-02 | OHMIC ELECTRODE |
KR1020187026713A KR20180116324A (ko) | 2016-02-24 | 2017-02-02 | 오믹 전극 |
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JP2016088311A JP6690985B2 (ja) | 2016-02-24 | 2016-04-26 | オーミック電極 |
JP2016-088311 | 2016-04-26 |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2006032456A (ja) * | 2004-07-13 | 2006-02-02 | Shindengen Electric Mfg Co Ltd | 半導体素子および半導体素子の製造方法 |
JP2006032457A (ja) * | 2004-07-13 | 2006-02-02 | Shindengen Electric Mfg Co Ltd | SiC半導体装置およびSiC半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP2014110362A (ja) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 炭化珪素半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
JP2015109474A (ja) * | 2010-11-25 | 2015-06-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 炭化珪素半導体装置 |
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2017
- 2017-02-02 WO PCT/JP2017/003816 patent/WO2017145694A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2006032456A (ja) * | 2004-07-13 | 2006-02-02 | Shindengen Electric Mfg Co Ltd | 半導体素子および半導体素子の製造方法 |
JP2006032457A (ja) * | 2004-07-13 | 2006-02-02 | Shindengen Electric Mfg Co Ltd | SiC半導体装置およびSiC半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP2015109474A (ja) * | 2010-11-25 | 2015-06-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 炭化珪素半導体装置 |
JP2014110362A (ja) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 炭化珪素半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
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