WO2017130441A1 - 金属空気電池 - Google Patents
金属空気電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017130441A1 WO2017130441A1 PCT/JP2016/072225 JP2016072225W WO2017130441A1 WO 2017130441 A1 WO2017130441 A1 WO 2017130441A1 JP 2016072225 W JP2016072225 W JP 2016072225W WO 2017130441 A1 WO2017130441 A1 WO 2017130441A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
- H01M12/065—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode with plate-like electrodes or stacks of plate-like electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/06—Electrodes for primary cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/46—Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
- H01M4/466—Magnesium based
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal-air battery, and more particularly to the structure of a metal electrode which is a negative electrode.
- a metal-air battery oxygen in the atmosphere is used as a positive electrode active material in an air electrode which is a positive electrode, and a redox reaction of the oxygen is performed.
- the metal electrode which is a negative electrode the oxidation-reduction reaction of metal is performed.
- the energy density of the metal-air battery is high, and it is expected as a role of an emergency power source etc. at the time of a disaster or the like.
- the air electrode is disposed, for example, on both sides of the casing, and the metal electrode is opposed between the air electrodes via an electrolytic solution (see FIG. 1 of Patent Document 1).
- the metal electrode is composed of a current collector and an electrode active material formed on both sides of the current collector.
- the conventional metal-air battery structure has the following problems. That is, the reaction product generated by the cell reaction is deposited between the air electrode and the metal electrode, and as a result, the sustainability of the predetermined output due to the reduction of the cell reaction becomes a problem.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and in particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a metal-air battery capable of sustaining a high output and an output for a long time as compared with the prior art.
- the metal-air battery according to the present invention includes a case, an air electrode disposed on both sides of the case, and a plurality of metal electrodes disposed inward from the air electrode, and the metal electrodes Are characterized by facing each other via a space.
- the case is divided into a plurality of pieces, and the metal poles are respectively disposed in another case, and at least one of the metal poles is disposed inside the facing portion of the case.
- a plurality of the cases may be combined with the facing portions facing each other to form the space between the metal electrodes.
- a first case and a second case having an outer frame and an inner frame as the opposite portion, and a first case disposed on the outer frame of the first case An air electrode, a first metal electrode disposed on the inner frame side of the first case, a second air electrode disposed on the outer frame of the second case, and the second electrode And a second metal electrode disposed on the inner frame side of the case, wherein at least one of the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode is located inside the inner frame.
- the first case and the second case are combined with the inner frame facing inward, and the first case and the second case are disposed between the first metal pole and the second metal pole. A space can be formed.
- the air electrode may be formed in a cylindrical shape, or may have a shape in which a part of the cylindrical shape is missing.
- a case an air electrode arranged in the case, a cylindrical shape or a shape in which a part of the cylindrical shape is missing, and an inner side spaced apart from the air electrode
- a cylindrical or metal electrode having a shape in which a part of the cylinder is missing is provided, and the cylindrical inside of the metal electrode is a space.
- the metal electrode is detachably attached to the case.
- the metal electrode is provided with a slit or a hole penetrating from the inside to the outside of the metal electrode.
- the metal pole is a fixed end fixed at one end to the case side, and the other end is a free end.
- the metal constituting the metal electrode is not particularly limited, and is, for example, magnesium or a magnesium alloy.
- reaction products can be prevented from being deposited between the air electrode and the metal electrode. Also, the degree of freedom of the distance between the air electrode and the metal electrode is high. According to the above, high output and output can be maintained for a long time as compared with the prior art.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view (longitudinal sectional view) of a metal-air battery according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the longitudinal cross section refers to a cut surface cut along the height direction of the case. The same applies below.
- the metal-air battery 1 has a case 2, an air electrode 3 disposed on both sides of the case 2, and a metal electrode 4 disposed spaced apart inside the air electrode 3. Is configured.
- the air electrode 3 is a positive electrode
- the metal electrode 4 is a negative electrode.
- the case 2 is formed of a plastic resin, paper or the like which is electrically insulating and capable of preventing leakage of the electrolytic solution.
- An opening window 5 is formed in each of the first side surface 2 a and the second side surface 2 b of the case 2.
- a plurality of air electrodes 3 are fixed to the frames of the first side 2a and the second side 2b, respectively. At this time, the outer side surface of each air electrode 3 is exposed to air by the opening window 5.
- the longitudinal dimension, the lateral dimension and the height dimension of the case appearance are several cm to several tens cm.
- the shape of the case 2 is, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, a cylinder, a prism, or the like. Case 2 may be configured as a single unit or may be a combination of a plurality of parts. The size, shape, and the like of the case 2 are not particularly limited.
- an insertion hole 6 is provided in the ceiling portion 2c.
- the metal electrode 4 can be inserted into the inside of the case from the outside of the metal air battery 1.
- the metal electrode 4 is disposed inside the air electrode 3.
- a predetermined gap (gap) G is provided between the air electrode 3 and the metal electrode 4.
- the gap G is, for example, 0.5 to 20 mm, preferably 0.5 to 5 mm, and more preferably 0.5 to 2.5 mm. If it is 0.5 mm or more, the reaction product is deposited between the metal electrode 4 and the air electrode 3 and the air electrode 3 and the metal electrode 4 are not damaged, and 20 mm or less, preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably A sufficient output can be obtained if it is 2.5 mm or less.
- the gap G is adjusted to be substantially the same between the left and right air electrodes 3-metal electrodes 4 shown in FIG. 1A in order to obtain a stable output.
- the main surface is a thin flat plate such as a rectangle or a square.
- the air electrode 3 is electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal 8.
- the metal electrode 4 is connected to the negative electrode terminal 9.
- the air electrode 3 and the metal electrode 4 are opposed to each other through the electrolytic solution 7.
- the air electrode 3 and the metal electrode 4 are in contact with the electrolyte 7 each other.
- the air electrode is disposed on both sides of the case, and the metal electrode is disposed substantially at the center position of the case.
- the reaction product in the cell reaction is deposited between the air electrode and the metal electrode, which causes the problem of the sustainability of a predetermined output.
- the degree of freedom of the distance between the air electrode and the metal electrode is low, and a sufficiently high output can not be obtained.
- the present inventors have improved the structure of the metal electrode and came to construct a metal-air battery capable of suppressing the deposition of the reaction product between the air electrode and the metal electrode as compared with the prior art. That is, as shown in FIG. 1A, in the first embodiment, a plurality of metal electrodes 4 are provided, and these metal electrodes 4 face each other with a space S interposed therebetween. The space S communicates with a gap 13 provided between the metal electrode 4 and the case 2.
- “space” is a three-dimensional spread that can be filled with the electrolyte solution 7 without filling the space between the inner surfaces (facing surfaces) 4 a of the metal electrodes 4 with a current collector as described in Patent Document 1 or the like. Point to.
- the space S can be used as an area where reaction products can be deposited by causing the metal electrodes 4 to face each other via the space S. That is, in the present embodiment, the reaction product can be smoothly transferred from the gap 13 provided between the metal electrode 4 and the case 2 to the inner surface 4 a side of the metal electrode 4 in the case 2. The dispersibility of the reaction product of Therefore, the deposition amount of the reaction product between the air electrode 3 and the metal electrode 4 can be reduced compared to the prior art.
- the degree of freedom of the gap G between the air electrode 3 and the metal electrode 4 can be increased. Therefore, in order to obtain a high output, the intervals G between the air electrode 3 and the metal electrode 4 can be narrowed.
- the electrolytic solution 7 can be injected into the space S, and the capacity of the electrolytic solution 7 can be increased. As a result, the electrolyte solution 7 required for the battery reaction can be sufficiently retained. Thereby, high output and output can be maintained for a long time.
- the configuration of the present embodiment is effective.
- the metal pole 4 of 2 sheets is connected by the electroconductive flat connection part 10 in the position of the upper end 4b.
- the negative electrode terminal 9 is electrically connected to the position of the connecting portion 10.
- the connecting portion 10 is fixed and supported on the upper surface side of the ceiling portion 2 c of the case 2.
- the metal electrode 4 connected by the connection part 10 is detachably supported to the case 2. Therefore, it is possible to replace the metal electrode 4 when the output decreases or the reaction ends.
- the upper end 4 b of the metal pole 4 is electrically connected by a conductor 11 such as a lead.
- a conductor 11 such as a lead.
- the upper end 4b of the metal pole 4 protrudes above the ceiling 2c.
- the upper ends 4 b of the metal poles 4 are connected by the conductors 11.
- the metal electrode 4 is detachably supported to the case 2.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view (longitudinal sectional view) of a metal-air battery according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the upper end 4 b of the metal pole 4 is connected by the conductive connecting portion 10, but the connecting portion 10 is accommodated in the case 2.
- the upper end 4b of the metal pole 4 is electrically connected by the conductor 11 such as a lead wire, but the entire metal pole 4 is accommodated in the case 2.
- the metal electrode 4 can not be attached to or detached from the case 2. Therefore, in FIG. 2, it becomes a disposable metal air battery 1.
- FIG. 2C is a disposable metal-air battery 1 as in FIG. 2B, but in FIG. 2C, the lower end 4c of the metal electrode 4 is fixed by the fixing portion 12. As shown in FIG. 2C, the fixing portion 12 protrudes upward from the surface of the bottom portion 2 d of the case 2. In the configuration shown in FIG. 2C, the upper end 4b and the lower end 4c of the metal electrode 4 are fixed to the case 2 directly or indirectly. In FIG. 2C, although it appears that there is no gap between metal pole 4 and case 2 in the drawing, actually, there is a gap that leads to space S between the side faces of metal pole 4 and case 2 or the like. It is provided. Then, the reaction product can be transferred from the gap between the metal electrode 4 and the case 2 to the space S between the metal electrodes 4.
- the upper end 4b side of the metal pole 4 is fixed to the ceiling 2c side of the case 2 via the conductor 11, but unlike FIG. 2C, the lower end 4c is fixed It has not been. That is, the lower end 4c is a free end.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view (longitudinal sectional view) of the metal-air battery for illustrating the state of the metal electrode by the reaction product in a structure in which the lower end of the metal electrode is a free end.
- the lower end 4 c of the metal electrode 4 As shown in FIG. 3, by making the lower end 4 c of the metal electrode 4 a free end, the lower end 4 c side of the metal electrode 4 can be swung. Therefore, the lower end 4 c side of the metal electrode 4 can be displaced inward by the pressing force of the reaction product P deposited between the air electrode 3 and the metal electrode 4. As a result, the pressing force of reaction product P on air electrode 3 and metal electrode 4 can be alleviated, and damage to air electrode 3 and metal electrode 4 can be suppressed.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view (longitudinal sectional view) of a metal-air battery according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicate the same parts as in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 4 shows the state before combining each case which comprises a metal air battery.
- the case 2 is divided into a first case 32 and a second case 42.
- the first case 32 includes an outer frame 32 a and an inner frame 32 b that face each other.
- the second case 42 includes an outer frame 42a and an inner frame 42b that face each other.
- a convex portion 50 is formed on the inner frame 32 b of the first case 32.
- a recess 51 is formed in the inner frame 42 b of the second case 42. Therefore, the first case 32 is a male case structure, and the second case 42 is a female case structure.
- the first air electrode 33 is disposed on the outer frame 32 a of the first case 32, and the first metal electrode 34 is disposed on the inner frame 32 b side of the first case 32. Will be installed.
- the second air electrode 43 is installed in the outer frame 42 a of the second case 42, and the second metal electrode 44 is installed in the inner frame 42 b.
- the first metal pole 34 is located inward (in the direction approaching the outer frame 32 a) than the inner frame 32 b of the first case 32.
- the second metal pole 44 is located inside the inner frame 42 b of the second case 42 (in the direction approaching the outer frame 42 a).
- “inside of the inner frame” indicates that the inner side than the surface of the inner frame excluding the case connecting portions such as the convex portion 50 and the concave portion 51.
- the space S of a predetermined width can be formed between the metal electrodes 34 and 44.
- the width of the space S can be adjusted by the installation position of the metal poles 34 and 44 disposed in the respective cases 32 and 42.
- the gap (gap) G between the air electrodes 33, 43 and the metal electrodes 34, 44 can be adjusted.
- the case 2 is divided into a plurality of pieces, and the metal electrodes 34 and 44 are disposed in the respective cases 32 and 42.
- the metal electrodes 34 and 44 are disposed inside the inner frames 32 b and 42 b as opposed portions of the respective cases 32 and 42.
- the desired space S can be easily provided between the metal electrodes 34 and 44 simply by combining the respective cases 32 and 42.
- the structure of FIG. 4 is particularly useful, for example, in a structure in which the metal electrodes 34 and 44 are fixedly supported in the case 2. By dividing the case 2 and combining the divided cases 32, 42, the metal electrodes 34, 44 can be fixedly supported in the case 2 simply and properly.
- both of the first metal electrode 34 and the second metal electrode 44 are positioned inside the inner frames 32 b and 42 b of the cases 32 and 42, but at least one of them is the case. It may be a structure located inside the inner frame of. Also by this, the space S can be formed between the metal electrodes 34 and 44 by combining the divided cases.
- the first air electrode 33, the second air electrode 43, the first metal electrode 34, and the second metal electrode 44 are respectively disposed in separate cases, When the respective cases in which the poles 34 and 44 are arranged are combined, the space S may be formed between the metal poles 34 and 44.
- the air electrode may not be divided into a plurality of parts like the first air electrode 33 and the second air electrode 43, and may be formed of a tubular body or the like described later.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view (front view) of a metal electrode in a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the metal electrode 4 is provided with a slit 20.
- the slit 20 is two in FIG. 5A, the number is not limited.
- the slit 20 is provided to a position halfway from the lower end 4 c to the upper end 4 b of the metal electrode 4.
- the slit 21 extends from the lower end 4c to the upper end 4b of the metal electrode 4 and is separated into three strip-like pieces. These strip pieces are connected, for example, by a connecting portion 10 shown in FIG. 1A.
- slit-like holes 22 are formed in the metal electrode 4.
- the shape and number of the holes 22 are not particularly limited.
- the slits 20 and 21 and the holes 22 penetrate from the inner surface 4a of the metal electrode 4 shown in FIG. 1A to the outer surface (facing surface with the air electrode 3).
- the reaction product is smoothly transferred to the space S (see FIG. 1 etc.) provided between the metal electrodes 4 through the slits and holes by providing the metal electrode 4 with slits or holes. It can be done. Therefore, according to the configuration of FIG. 5, it is possible to more effectively suppress the problem that the reaction product is deposited between the air electrode 3 and the metal electrode 4.
- the fourth embodiment can be applied to the other embodiments.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view (cross-sectional view) of a metal-air battery according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- a cross section refers to the cross section which looked at the cut section cut along the plane direction of a case from the upper direction.
- the air electrode 3 is formed in a tubular shape.
- two metal electrodes 4 are provided inside the air electrode 3 at a distance.
- "cylindrical” means hollow shape and all things which comprise ring shape by planar view are included.
- the air pole 3 is comprised by the connection part 3b which connects between the opposing part 3a which opposes the metal pole 4, and the opposing part 3a.
- the external shape of the air electrode 3 is not limited, for example, it may be a rounded rectangle shown in FIG. 6A, a polygon, a circle, an ellipse, or the like.
- a part of the connection portion 3b of the air electrode 3 shown in FIG. 6A is cut off.
- the air electrode 3 may be configured by combining a plurality of parts of the facing portion 3a and the connecting portion 3b, or the air electrode 3 is formed integrally with the facing portion 3a and the connecting portion 3b. It can also be done. In the configuration of FIG. 6, a large surface area of the air electrode 3 can be secured, and a high output can be obtained.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view (cross-sectional view) of a metal-air battery according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- both the air electrode 3 and the metal electrode 4 are formed in a tubular shape.
- the air electrode 3 may have a plurality of configurations separated on both sides of the case as in the case of FIG. 1 and the like.
- the cylindrical interior 15 of the metal electrode 4 is a space S. Moreover, the shape which a part of cylindrical metal pole 4 shown in FIG. 7 lacked may be sufficient.
- the body surface area of the metal electrode 4 facing the air electrode 3 can be secured wide.
- the gap G between the air electrode 3 and the metal electrode 4 can be set narrow all around. Thereby, high output can be achieved effectively.
- the cylindrical interior 15 of the metal electrode 4 is a space S, and the space S is a gap provided between the metal electrode 4 and the case 2 (for example, a gap between the lower end of the metal electrode 4 and the case 2 In communication with For this reason, the space S can use the cylindrical inside 15 as a deposition area of the reaction product. Therefore, high output and output can be sustained for a long time.
- the air electrode 3 can be formed with a laminated structure of a conductive material layer and a current collector.
- the conductive material layer is an inner layer in contact with the electrolytic solution contained in the case 2.
- the conductive material layer can be formed by binding a conductive material with a binder resin. It does not limit the conductive material which comprises a conductive material layer. Any of the materials that make up the conductive material layer of the metal-air battery that are conventionally known can be used.
- suitable conductive materials may include carbon materials such as acetylene black, ketjen black, activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes.
- the binder resin used for the conductive material layer of the air electrode 3 is not particularly limited.
- suitable binder resins include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), Fluororesins such as polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene / chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) and the like can be mentioned.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- FEP tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- Fluororesins such as polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene /
- the conductive material layer may contain a conventionally known electrode catalyst for an air metal battery positive electrode.
- the electrode catalyst may be platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), tungsten (W), lead (Pb), iron (Fe) Metals such as chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo), gallium (Ga), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu) and the like Examples thereof include compounds and alloys thereof.
- the current collector layer constituting the air electrode 3 is an outer layer in contact with air.
- a wire mesh made of a conductive metal material, an expanded metal, a woven fabric, a punching sheet, an etching foil, a foam or the like can be suitably used.
- the conductive metal material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include stainless steel (SUS), copper, nickel and the like.
- the material of the metal electrode 4 is not limited, but metals such as zinc, aluminum, and magnesium or alloys thereof are preferable.
- magnesium or a magnesium alloy is used for the metal electrode 4.
- a metal air battery unit formed by connecting a plurality of metal air batteries 1 may be configured.
- the metal-air battery of the present invention high output can be sustained for a long time as compared with the prior art. Therefore, the metal-air battery of the present invention can be effectively applied as an emergency power supply or the like at the time of disaster or the like.
Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の第1の実施の形態における、金属空気電池の模式図(縦断面図)である。縦断面とは、ケースの高さ方向に沿って切断した切断面を指す。以下、同様である。図1Aに示すように、金属空気電池1は、ケース2と、ケース2の両側に配置された空気極3と、空気極3の内側に離間して配置された金属極4と、を有して構成される。空気極3は正極であり、金属極4は負極である。
(1) 2Mg →2Mg2++4e-
(2)O2+2H2O+4e- →4OH-
(3)2Mg+O2+2H2O →2Mg(OH)2
以下、第1の実施の形態以外の金属空気電池の構成について説明するが、金属極が、間に空間Sを介して対向している特徴的構成を備えていることに変わりがない。したがって、第2の実施の形態以降では、空間Sを介して金属極が対向配置される特徴的構成以外の異なる部分を中心に説明する。また、図2以降において、図1と同じ符号は、図1と同じ部分を指している。
図4は、本発明の第3の実施の形態における、金属空気電池の模式図(縦断面図)である。図4において、図1、図2と同じ符号は、図1、図2と同じ箇所を示している。また、図4は、金属空気電池を構成する各ケースを組み合わせる前の状態を示す。
図5は、本発明の第4の実施の形態における、金属極の模式図(正面図)である。図5Aに示すように、金属極4には、スリット20が設けられている。図5Aでは、スリット20は2本であるが、数を限定するものではない。スリット20は、金属極4の下端4cから上端4bに向けての途中の位置まで設けられている。
なお、第4の実施の形態は、他の実施の形態にも適用することが可能である。
図6は、本発明の第5の実施の形態における、金属空気電池の模式図(横断面図)である。横断面とは、ケースの平面方向に沿って切断した切断面を、上方向から見た断面を指す。
図6の構成では、空気極3の表面積を広く確保でき、高い出力を得ることが出来る。
図7は、本発明の第6の実施の形態における、金属空気電池の模式図(横断面図)である。
続いて、空気極3の構成について説明する。空気極3は、導電材層と集電体との積層構造で形成することができる。なお、導電材層が、ケース2内に収容される電解液と接触する内側層である。
本実施の形態では、金属極4の材質を限定するものでないが、亜鉛、アルミニウム、マグネシウム等の金属又はそれらの合金が好ましい。
Claims (9)
- ケースと、
前記ケースの両側に配置された空気極と、
前記空気極から内側に離間して配置された複数枚の金属極と、を有し、
前記金属極同士は、間に空間を介して対向していることを特徴とする金属空気電池。 - 前記ケースは、複数に分割されており、
前記金属極は、夫々、別の前記ケースに配置されるとともに、各金属極の少なくとも一方は、前記ケースの対向部よりも内側に配置されており、
複数の前記ケースが、前記対向部を対向させて組み合わされて、前記金属極の間に前記空間が形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の金属空気電池。 - 外側枠体及び前記対向部としての内側枠体を有する第1のケース及び第2のケースと、
前記第1のケースの前記外側枠体に配置される第1の空気極と、
前記第1のケースの前記内側枠体側に配置される第1の金属極と、
前記第2のケースの前記外側枠体に配置される第2の空気極と、
前記第2のケースの前記内側枠体側に配置される第2の金属極と、を備えており、
前記第1の金属極と前記第2の金属極のうち、少なくとも一方が、前記内側枠体よりも内側に配置されており、
前記第1のケースと前記第2のケースとが、前記内側枠体を内側に向けて組み合わされて、前記第1の金属極と前記第2の金属極との間に前記空間が形成されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の金属空気電池。 - 前記空気極は、筒状で形成されており、あるいは前記筒状の一部が欠けた形状であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の金属空気電池。
- ケースと、
前記ケース内に配置された、筒状、あるいは前記筒状の一部が欠けた形状の空気極と、
前記空気極から内側に離間して配置された、筒状あるいは前記筒状の一部が欠けた形状の金属極と、を有し、
前記金属極の筒状内部は、空間とされていることを特徴とする金属空気電池。 - 前記金属極は、前記ケースから着脱可能に取り付けられることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5のいずれかに記載の金属空気電池。
- 前記金属極には、前記金属極の内側から外側にかけて貫通するスリット、あるいは穴が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の金属空気電池。
- 前記金属極は、一端部が前記ケース側に固定された固定端であり、他端部が自由端とされていることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項7のいずれかに記載の金属空気電池。
- 前記金属極を構成する金属は、マグネシウム又はマグネシウム合金であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項8のいずれかに記載の金属空気電池。
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