WO2017121399A1 - 一种耐磨载粉层涂料、耐磨层及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种耐磨载粉层涂料、耐磨层及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017121399A1
WO2017121399A1 PCT/CN2017/071182 CN2017071182W WO2017121399A1 WO 2017121399 A1 WO2017121399 A1 WO 2017121399A1 CN 2017071182 W CN2017071182 W CN 2017071182W WO 2017121399 A1 WO2017121399 A1 WO 2017121399A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wear
layer
resistant
parts
powder
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PCT/CN2017/071182
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘辉煌
黄荣泰
刘东岳
刘国俊
Original Assignee
上海协承昌化工有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201610805186.7A external-priority patent/CN106978061A/zh
Application filed by 上海协承昌化工有限公司 filed Critical 上海协承昌化工有限公司
Publication of WO2017121399A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017121399A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C09D163/10—Epoxy resins modified by unsaturated compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D167/00—Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D167/06—Unsaturated polyesters having carbon-to-carbon unsaturation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
    • C09D175/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to chemical/building materials, in particular to a wear-resistant powder coating, a wear layer and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Building materials such as panels (including flooring, wall panels, ceilings, etc.) are widely used in architectural renovation, interior decoration, and stand layout. In daily activities, friction, impact or scratching can cause damage to the surface of the board, affecting its aesthetics and durability.
  • the present invention provides an abrasion resistant powder coating which is excellent in abrasion resistance, environmentally friendly, and can be coated by a line, and a wear layer obtained by the coating thereof, and provides resistance
  • the preparation method of the grinding layer also provides the application of the wear-resistant powder coating and the wear layer in the coating building material.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides an abrasion resistant layer comprising an abrasion resistant powder layer and a wear resistant powder; wherein the wear resistant powder has an average particle diameter of more than 70 ⁇ m
  • the wear-resistant powder layer is formed by curing of a UV-curable coating.
  • the UV curable coating comprises a UV curable resin
  • the UV The curing resin is selected from the group consisting of amino acrylate resin, epoxy acrylate resin, urethane acrylate resin, polyether acrylate resin, polyester acrylate resin, silicon modified acrylate resin, fluorine modified acrylate resin, photocurable polybutylene One or more of a diene oligomer resin and a derivative thereof.
  • the wear resistant powder is selected from one or more of the group consisting of silicon carbide, glass beads, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, and plastic particles.
  • the abrasion resistant powder is used in an amount of 15 to 45 g/m 2 .
  • the wear resistant powder is used in an amount of 20 to 30 g/m 2 .
  • the wear resistant powder is alumina.
  • the diamond, glass beads, silicon carbide, silica, alumina, magnesia or titanium dioxide have an average particle diameter of 75 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the plastic particles have an average particle diameter of 1 to 5 mm.
  • the wear-resistant powder coating layer 70 to 85 parts of the UV resin and 0.1 to 0.9 of the auxiliary agent are contained in parts by mass. 5 ⁇ 10 parts of diluent, 10 ⁇ 15 parts of filler and 3 ⁇ 6 parts of photoinitiator.
  • the adjuvant is selected from one or more of a leveling agent, an antifoaming agent, a binder, a wetting agent, and an inhibitor.
  • the wear layer further includes a wear-resistant powder coating layer.
  • the wear-resistant powder coating layer contains 60 to 70 parts of the UV resin, 0.4 to 0.6 parts of the auxiliary agent, and a thinner. 14 ⁇ 20 parts, 10 ⁇ 20 parts of filler and 0.01 ⁇ 6 parts of photoinitiator.
  • the total thickness of the wear layer is greater than or equal to the particle size of the wear resistant powder.
  • the wear resistant powder is distributed at 1/2 or more of the total thickness of the wear layer.
  • the present invention provides a method of preparing the aforementioned wear resistant layer, characterized in that the preparation method comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 Apply a wear-resistant powder coating to the surface of the product to be coated
  • Step 2 evenly distribute the wear-resistant powder in step 1 a surface of the abrasion resistant powder layer obtained and heated to combine the wear resistant powder with the wear resistant powder layer;
  • Step 3 curing and drying the wear-resistant powder layer by ultraviolet irradiation
  • the coating comprises roll coating or shower coating; the preparation method adopts a pipeline operation mode.
  • step 1 is repeated a plurality of times to obtain a wear-resistant powder layer.
  • the ultraviolet irradiation is performed by using one or more ultraviolet lamps.
  • the ultraviolet lamp has a power of 100w to 25kw.
  • the product to be coated is conveyed by a conveyor belt to sequentially perform the step 1, the step 2 and the step 3
  • the conveyor belt has a conveying speed of 5-20 m/min.
  • the ultraviolet irradiation is performed by using an ultraviolet lamp which is 10 to 35 cm from the height of the conveyor belt.
  • the preparation method further comprises step 4 : applying a wear-resistant powder coating layer on the wear-resistant powder layer after curing and drying; the coating comprises roll coating or shower coating.
  • the wear resistant powder is distributed to the surface of the wear-resistant powder layer by a duster or a duster.
  • the present invention provides a wear resistant layer, wherein the wear resistant layer comprises an abrasion resistant powder layer and a wear resistant powder; the wear resistant powder layer is prepared by such a method: 1 Applying the wear-resistant powder coating to the surface of the product to be coated, and obtaining a wear-resistant powder layer after ultraviolet irradiation; then uniformly distributing the wear-resistant powder in step 1 The surface of the wear-resistant powder layer obtained therein, and standing and heating to combine the wear-resistant powder with the wear-resistant powder layer; Step 3, curing and drying the wear-resistant powder layer by ultraviolet irradiation;
  • the coating comprises roll coating or shower coating.
  • the present invention provides a wear resistant sheet on which the aforementioned wear resistant layer is applied.
  • the substrate of the wear resistant plate is selected from the group consisting of a PVC board, a WPC board, a wood board, a calcium silicate board, and an LVT.
  • a PVC board a WPC board
  • a wood board a wood board
  • a calcium silicate board a calcium silicate board
  • an LVT an LVT.
  • bamboo board glass magnesium board, bamboo wood composite board and aluminum board.
  • the wear plate further has One or more of a bottom layer, a veneer layer, a pattern layer, a three-dimensional layer, a glitter layer, a non-slip layer, and a topcoat layer.
  • the sheet material is one of the following multi-layer sheets:
  • h) sequentially includes a substrate, a primer layer, a pattern layer, the wear layer, a three-dimensional layer, and a glitter layer.
  • the bottom layer is prepared from a UV curable coating comprising, by weight, 60-70 parts of UV resin, 0.1-0.9 parts of auxiliary agent, 10-15 parts of diluent, and 10-15 parts of filler.
  • photoinitiator 3-6 parts The method for preparing the wear resistant plate further comprises: rolling the UV curable coating and curing the UV curable coating by ultraviolet irradiation.
  • the pattern layer is prepared from a UV-curable coating comprising the following components by weight: 60-70 parts of UV resin, 0.1-0.9 parts of auxiliary agent, 10-15 parts of diluent, toner 10-15
  • the photoinitiator is 3-6 parts
  • the preparation method of the wear-resistant plate further comprises: rolling the UV-curable coating and curing the UV-curing coating by ultraviolet irradiation.
  • the three-dimensional layer is prepared from a UV-curable coating comprising, by weight, 70-85 parts of UV resin, 0.1-0.9 parts of auxiliary agent, 5-10 parts of diluent, and filler 10 -15 parts, photoinitiator 3-6 parts, the preparation method of the wear-resistant plate further comprises: rolling the UV-curable coating with a roller coating device, and curing the UV-curable coating by ultraviolet irradiation, the rolling
  • the coating apparatus includes a roller having a surface having an etch that matches the texture of the three-dimensional layer.
  • the bright powder layer comprises a glitter powder layer, a bright powder and a bright powder coating layer, wherein the glitter powder layer and the bright powder coating layer are prepared from a UV-curable coating, and the method for preparing the wear-resistant sheet The method further includes: coating the layer of the powdered powder powder, sprinkling the powder on the layer of the powdered powder, partially curing the layer of the powdered powder by ultraviolet irradiation, and rolling the layer of the powder coating The bright powder carrier layer and the bright powder coating layer are dried by ultraviolet irradiation.
  • the wear resistant sheet has a mat layer on a lower surface of the substrate.
  • the underlayer is selected from one or more of a PVC anti-slip film, WPC, thick glue, cork mat, rubber wood, EVA, and fast-growing wood.
  • the lower surface of the wear-resistant plate is coated with an adhesive layer, and the adhesive layer
  • the following components are included by weight: 70-85 parts of UV resin, 0.1-0.9 parts of adjuvant, 5-10 parts of diluent, 10-15 parts of filler, and 3-6 parts of photoinitiator.
  • the wear-resistant powder coating layer and the wear-resistant layer disclosed by the invention have the advantages of environmental protection and good wear resistance, and can be widely applied to the coating of building materials.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing a sheet coated with a wear resistant layer in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • the wear-resistant powder coating layer coating of the present invention contains at least one radiation curable resin, such as a UV resin, selected from the group consisting of unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy acrylic resins, urethane acrylic resins, polyether acrylic resins, polyester acrylic resins, One or more of an aminoacrylic resin, a silicon-modified acrylate, a fluorine-modified acrylate, and a modified substance thereof or a derivative thereof.
  • a radiation curable resin can be rapidly solidified under the irradiation of energy such as ultraviolet light and electron beam.
  • a photoinitiator which may be a benzophenone or a substituted benzophenone, such as an alpha-hydroxyketone, including: 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1 - ketone; 2-hydroxy-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-1-propanone.
  • ultraviolet photoinitiators include: acetophenone and substituted acetophenone; benzoin and its alkyl esters; xanthones and substituted xanthone; diethoxyacetophenone; benzoin methyl ether; Benzoin ether; benzoin isopropyl ether; diethoxyxanthone; chlorothioxanthone; N-methyldiethanolamine benzophenone; 1-benzoylcyclohexanol; 2-benzyl-2-(two Methylamino)-1-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-1-butanone; aminoketone; benzil dimethyl ketal; 2, 4, 6 trimethylbenzoyl Phosphine dioxide, with or without 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl phenyl ketone; metallocene; benzophenone, and mixtures thereof.
  • the wear-resistant powder which plays a major role in the wear resistance is one or more selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, glass beads, quartz, silicon carbide, silica, alumina, magnesia, titanium dioxide, and plastic particles, preferably oxidized.
  • pretreatment means that the surface of the original sheet to be ordered is cleaned, surface-adjusted, etc., to enhance the adhesion of the coating on the surface of the original sheet.
  • WPC Wood Plastic Composite
  • PP polypropylene
  • PS polystyrene
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • natural fibers include wood flour and linen fibers.
  • LVT LUXURY VINYL TILE It is a new type of environmentally friendly stone-plastic floor, and it is also a self-sinking elastic rubber-free floor.
  • the bamboo board with an area of 1 m 2 was placed on a conveyor belt with a transmission speed of 5 m/min, and the following treatments were carried out in sequence:
  • Step 1 bamboo board After the roller coating machine 1, the obtained wear-resistant powder coating layer 1.1 is applied on the surface of the bamboo board. Then, it passes through the ultraviolet curing device 1 to form a wear-resistant powder layer having a curing degree of 70%.
  • Step 2 The bamboo board passes through the duster 2, so that 15 g of alumina having an average particle size of 75 ⁇ m is uniformly distributed on the wear-resistant powder layer obtained in the step 1; then the bamboo board is transferred to a temperature of 70 o.
  • the device of C causes the alumina particles to settle and adhere in the softened abrasion resistant powder layer.
  • Step 3 The bamboo board processed by the step 2 is sent to the ultraviolet curing device 2 to be solidified and dried, thereby obtaining a wear-resistant layer.
  • bamboo board is sent to the ultraviolet curing device 2 to be solidified and dried, thereby obtaining a wear-resistant layer.
  • the wear layer of the bamboo board obtained in this embodiment is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the alumina particles are distributed in 1/2 of the total thickness of the wear layer. At the upper surface of the wear layer.
  • the wear layer in this example was tested in accordance with ASTM D 4060 and DN13329 standards, using Taber ( TABLE) Abrasion test, the test result is:
  • a PVC board with an area of 1 m 2 was placed on a conveyor belt with a transmission speed of 5 m/min, and the following treatments were carried out in sequence:
  • Step 1 PVC board After the roller coating machine 1 , the prepared wear-resistant powder coating layer 2.1 is coated on the surface of the PVC board And then passed through the ultraviolet curing device 1 to form a wear-resistant powder layer having a curing degree of 60%.
  • Step 2 The PVC board passes through the duster 2, so that 15 g of alumina having an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m is uniformly distributed on the wear-resistant powder layer obtained in the step 1; then the PVC sheet is transferred to a temperature of 60 o C. In the apparatus, the alumina particles are allowed to settle in the softened abrasion resistant powder layer.
  • Step 3 The PVC sheet processed in the step 2 is sent to a UV curing device for curing and drying, thereby obtaining a wear-resistant layer. PVC board.
  • the alumina particles of the wear layer of the PVC sheet obtained in the present embodiment are distributed at 1/2 of the total thickness of the wear layer to the upper surface of the wear layer.
  • the wear layer in this example was tested in accordance with ASTM D 4060 and DN13329 standards, using Taber ( TABLE) Abrasion test, the test result is:
  • the wear-resistant powder coating layer is prepared according to the steps: the amino acrylate resin and the urethane acryl resin are heated to a liquid state, poured into a dispersion kettle, and a photoinitiator, a diluent acrylate, and a diluent are added under stirring. Filling agent and auxiliary agent, etc., continue to stir until uniform to produce a wear-resistant powder coating 3.1.
  • a composite wood board with an area of 1 m 2 was placed on a conveyor belt with a transmission speed of 10 m/min, and the following treatments were carried out in sequence:
  • the composite wood board is first pretreated; then the following steps are performed in sequence:
  • Step 1 Composite wood board After the roller coating machine 1 , the obtained wear-resistant powder coating layer 3.1 is coated on the surface of the PVC board. And then passed through the ultraviolet curing device 1 to form a wear-resistant powder layer having a curing degree of 60%.
  • Step 2 the composite wood board passes through the duster 2, so that 20 g of silica having an average particle size of 75 ⁇ m is uniformly distributed on the wear-resistant powder layer obtained in the step 1; then the composite wood board is transferred to a temperature of 60 In the apparatus of o C, the silica particles are allowed to settle in the softened wear-resistant powder layer.
  • Step 3 The composite wood board processed by the step 2 is sent to an ultraviolet curing device for curing and drying, thereby obtaining a wear-resistant layer.
  • Composite wood panel The composite wood board processed by the step 2 is sent to an ultraviolet curing device for curing and drying, thereby obtaining a wear-resistant layer.
  • the silica particles of the wear layer of the composite wood board obtained in the present embodiment are distributed in 1/2 of the total thickness of the wear layer. At the upper surface of the wear layer.
  • the wear layer in this example was tested in accordance with ASTM D 4060 and DN13329 standards, using Taber ( TABLE) Abrasion test, the test result is:
  • the wear-resistant powder coating layer is prepared according to the steps: the amino acrylate resin and the urethane acryl resin are heated to a liquid state, poured into a dispersion kettle, and a photoinitiator, a diluent acrylate, and a diluent are added under stirring. Filling agent and auxiliary agent, etc., continue to stir until uniform to produce a wear-resistant powder coating 4.1.
  • a composite wood board with an area of 1 m 2 was placed on a conveyor belt with a transmission speed of 10 m/min, and the following treatments were carried out in sequence:
  • the composite wood board is first pretreated; then the following steps are performed in sequence:
  • Step 1 Composite wood board After the roller coating machine 1 , the prepared wear-resistant powder coating layer 4.1 is coated on the surface of the composite wood board. And then passed through the ultraviolet curing device 1 to form a wear-resistant powder layer having a curing degree of 60%.
  • Step 2 The composite wood board passes through the duster 2, so that 15 g of silica having an average particle diameter of 100 ⁇ m is evenly distributed on the wear-resistant powder layer obtained in the step 1; then the composite wood board is transferred to a temperature of 60 In the apparatus of o C, the silica particles are allowed to settle in the softened wear-resistant powder layer.
  • Step 3 The composite wood treated by the step 2 is transferred to an ultraviolet curing device for curing and drying, thereby obtaining a wear-resistant layer.
  • Composite wood panel The composite wood treated by the step 2 is transferred to an ultraviolet curing device for curing and drying, thereby obtaining a wear-resistant layer.
  • the silica particles of the wear layer of the composite wood board obtained in the present embodiment are distributed in 1/3 of the total thickness of the wear layer. At the upper surface of the wear layer.
  • the wear layer in this example was tested in accordance with ASTM D 4060 and DN13329 standards, using Taber ( TABLE) Abrasion test, the test result is:
  • the steps of preparing the wear-resistant powder coating heating the polyester acrylic resin and the epoxy acrylate resin to a liquid state, pouring into a dispersion kettle, adding a photoinitiator, a diluent acrylic under stirring Ester, filler and auxiliary agent, etc., continue to stir until uniform to produce a wear-resistant powder coating 5.1.
  • a PVC board with an area of 1 m 2 was placed on a conveyor belt with a transmission speed of 15 m/min, and the following treatments were carried out in sequence:
  • Step 1 PVC board After the roller coating machine 1 , the obtained wear-resistant powder coating layer 5.1 is coated on the surface of the PVC board And then passed through the ultraviolet curing device 1 to form a wear-resistant powder layer having a curing degree of 60%.
  • Step 2 The PVC board passes through the duster 2 so that 15 g of silica having an average particle size of 75 ⁇ m is evenly distributed on the wear-resistant powder layer obtained in the step 1; then the PVC sheet is transferred to a temperature of 60 o C. In the apparatus, the silica particles are allowed to settle in the softened abrasion-resistant carrier layer.
  • Step 3 The PVC sheet processed in the step 2 is sent to a UV curing device for curing and drying, thereby obtaining a wear-resistant layer. PVC board.
  • the silica particles of the wear layer of the PVC sheet obtained in the present embodiment are distributed in 1/2 of the total thickness of the wear layer. At the upper surface of the wear layer.
  • the wear layer in this example was tested in accordance with ASTM D 4060 and DN13329 standards, using Taber ( TABLE) Abrasion test, the test result is:
  • the wear-resistant powder coating is prepared according to the steps: the urethane acrylate resin and the epoxy acrylate resin are heated to a liquid state, poured into a dispersion kettle, and a photoinitiator and a diluent acrylate are added under stirring. , fillers and additives, etc., continue to stir until uniform to produce a wear-resistant powder coating 6.1.
  • the wear-resistant powder coating is prepared according to the steps: the polyester acrylic resin is heated to a liquid state, poured into a dispersion kettle, and a photoinitiator, a diluent acrylate, a filler and a help are added under stirring. Agent, etc., continue to stir until uniform to produce a coating 6.2.
  • a PVC board with an area of 1 m 2 was placed on a conveyor belt with a transmission speed of 20 m/min, and the following treatments were carried out in sequence:
  • Step 1 PVC board After the roller coating machine 1 , the prepared wear-resistant powder coating 6.1 is coated on the surface of the PVC board Then, it passes through the ultraviolet curing device 1 to form a wear-resistant powder layer having a curing degree of 65%.
  • Step 2 The PVC board passes through the duster 2, so that 25 g of glass beads with an average particle size of 500 ⁇ m are uniformly distributed on the wear-resistant powder layer obtained in the step 1; then the PVC board is transferred to a temperature of 60 o C. In the apparatus, the glass bead particles are allowed to settle in the softened abrasion resistant powder layer.
  • Step 3 PVC board After the roller coating machine 3, the prepared powder coating layer 6.2 is coated on the surface of the PVC board. .
  • Step 4 The PVC board processed in step 3 is sent to an ultraviolet curing device for curing and drying, thereby obtaining a wear-resistant layer. PVC board.
  • the glass bead particles of the wear-resistant layer of the PVC sheet obtained in the present embodiment are distributed in 1/2 of the total thickness of the wear-resistant layer. At the upper surface of the wear layer.
  • the wear layer in this example was tested in accordance with ASTM D 4060 and DN13329 standards, using Taber ( TABLE) Abrasion test, the test result is:
  • the wear-resistant powder coating is prepared according to the steps: heating the polyether acrylate resin and the urethane acrylic resin to a liquid state, pouring into a dispersion kettle, and adding a photoinitiator and a diluent acrylate under stirring. , fillers and additives, etc., continue to stir until uniform to produce a wear-resistant powder coating 7.1.
  • the wear-resistant powder coating layer is prepared according to the steps: the urethane acrylic resin is heated to a liquid state, poured into a dispersion kettle, and a photoinitiator, a diluent acrylate, a filler and an auxiliary agent are added under stirring. Wait until the mixing is continued until the coating is applied. 7.2.
  • a calcium silicate board with an area of 1 m 2 was placed on a conveyor belt with a transmission speed of 15 m/min, and the following treatments were carried out in sequence:
  • the calcium silicate board is first pretreated; then the following steps are performed in sequence:
  • Step 1 Calcium silicate board After the roller coating machine 1 , the prepared wear-resistant powder coating 7.1 is coated on the surface of the calcium silicate board. Then, it passes through the ultraviolet curing device 1 to form a wear-resistant powder layer having a curing degree of 70%.
  • Step 2 the calcium silicate board is passed through the duster 2, so that 15 g of plastic particles having an average particle diameter of 1 mm are uniformly distributed on the wear-resistant powder layer obtained in the step 1; then the calcium silicate board is transferred to a temperature of 60.
  • the plastic particles are deposited and adhered in the softened abrasion-resistant powder layer.
  • Step 3 Calcium silicate board After the roller coating machine 3, the prepared powder coating layer 7.2 is coated on the surface of the calcium silicate board.
  • Step 4 The calcium silicate board processed in the step 3 is sent to an ultraviolet curing device for curing and drying, thereby obtaining a wear-resistant layer. Calcium silicate board.
  • the plastic particles of the wear layer of the calcium silicate board obtained in the present embodiment are distributed at 1/6 of the total thickness of the wear layer. At the upper surface of the wear layer.
  • the wear layer in this example was tested in accordance with ASTM D 4060 and DN13329 standards, using Taber ( TABLE) Abrasion test, the test result is:
  • the veneer is made of solid wood veneer with a veneer thickness of 0.1-2.0. Mm is OK, more commonly used is 0.5-5mm.
  • the adhesive is made of conventional polyurethane hot melt adhesive. The specific production method includes the following steps:
  • step b uniformly coating the upper surface of the substrate which is cleaned in step a with a polyurethane hot melt adhesive
  • a wear-resistant sheet having a veneer layer can be obtained by applying a wear-resistant layer to the sheet obtained in the step d) according to the method of Examples 1-7.
  • the plate prepared in this embodiment adopts the method of attaching the veneer to the substrate, which not only saves the wood, but also achieves the same effect as the solid wood floor.
  • the veneer layer can also be replaced with a metal plate or a foam plate.
  • the UV-curable coating is prepared according to the steps: heating the urethane acrylate resin to a liquid state, pouring it into a dispersion kettle, and adding a photoinitiator, a diluent acrylate, a filler and an auxiliary agent under stirring. Etc., continue to stir until uniform to obtain a UV-cured coating.
  • the sheets prepared in Examples 1-8 were placed on a conveyor belt having a conveying speed of 5 m/min, and the sheets were first pretreated. And then proceed to the following steps:
  • Step 1 Plate The UV-cured coating is applied to the surface of the sheet through a roll coater. Then, through the ultraviolet curing device, a non-slip powder layer having a curing degree of 70% is formed.
  • Step 2 The sheet processed in step 1 is passed through a duster to uniformly distribute 45 g of alumina having an average particle diameter of 80 ⁇ m. On the anti-skid powder layer obtained in the step 1, the sheet was then transferred to a device at a temperature of 70 ° C so that the alumina particles settled and adhered in the softened anti-skid powder layer.
  • Step 3 The sheet processed through the step 2 is transferred to a UV curing device for curing and drying, thereby obtaining a sheet coated with a non-slip layer. .
  • the resin may also be amino acrylate resin, epoxy acrylate resin, urethane acrylate resin, polyether acrylate resin, polyester acrylate resin, silicon modified acrylate resin, fluorine modified acrylic acid.
  • the anti-skid powder in this embodiment is used in addition to In addition to alumina, it may be one or more of silicon carbide, glass beads, silicon carbide, silica, alumina, magnesia, titanium dioxide, and plastic particles.
  • the anti-slip layer in this example was tested in accordance with DIN 51130, AS/NZS 4586:2013 Appendix D and GB/T 26542 standards.
  • the test results were:
  • the anti-skid rating and the corresponding critical angle are: R10 10° ⁇ X ⁇ 19°.
  • the three-dimensional layer coating in this embodiment is a UV-curable coating comprising the following components by weight: 70 parts of UV resin, 0.9 parts of auxiliary agent, 10 parts of diluent, 15 parts of filler, photoinitiator 6 parts, of which UV resin is Amino acrylate resin, additives including leveling agents, fillers, defoamers, sealants, wetting agents and inhibitors, diluents
  • UV resin is Amino acrylate resin
  • additives including leveling agents, fillers, defoamers, sealants, wetting agents and inhibitors, diluents
  • the acrylate diluent, the filler is calcium carbonate
  • the photoinitiator is ⁇ -hydroxyketone.
  • the above raw materials are all industrial raw materials.
  • the process for preparing the three-dimensional layer coating is: heating the UV resin to a liquidity with good fluidity at 60-120 ° C; then adding the auxiliary agent, diluent, filler, photoinitiator, etc. to the liquid UV resin in the above ratio. Stir the material until it is even.
  • the sheets prepared in Examples 1-9 were selected, The ethanol was applied to the upper surface of the sheet using a first roll coater, and the speed of the belt was set to 5-20 m/min during the roll coating.
  • the roll coater Rolling the three-dimensional layer coating prepared in the step (1) onto the upper surface of the sheet using a roll coater, the roll coater
  • the surface of the roller has an etch that matches the desired texture of the three-dimensional layer.
  • the speed of the conveyor belt is set to 15-30 m/min; Adjust the distance between the roller and the surface of the substrate to 0.01-0.5 mm; repeat the roller coating 2-5 times until the three-dimensional coating forms a desired thickness on the upper surface of the substrate or sheet.
  • the coating obtained in the step (3) is cured and dried using an ultraviolet lamp, and the parameters of the curing and drying are set as follows:
  • the power of the UV lamp is 100w-25kw; the speed of the conveyor belt is 5-20m/min; the height of the UV lamp from the conveyor belt is 10-35cm.
  • the specific embodiment directly applies the UV-curable coating to the substrate or the plate by means of roll coating, and the formed three-dimensional texture is clear and beautiful, and the hand touches the texture. Due to the excellent characteristics of the UV-curable coating itself, the formed three-dimensional pattern is less likely to have yellowing, peeling, and the like. Moreover, the material is environmentally friendly; the production line is easy to operate, the error rate of personnel operation is reduced, and the labor cost is reduced; the production line control can effectively reduce the defective rate of the product.
  • UV The resin may also be epoxy acrylate resin, urethane acrylate resin, polyether acrylate resin, polyester acrylate resin, silicon modified acrylate resin, fluorine modified acrylate resin, photocurable polybutadiene oligomer Resins and their derivatives. Thinner can also use other Acrylate monomer or solvent. Other photopolymerization initiators or reactive amines can also be used as the photoinitiator.
  • the filler may also be made of clay, talc, barium sulfate or the like.
  • the glitter powder coating layer coating in this embodiment comprises the following components by weight: 73 parts of UV resin, 0.7 parts of adjuvant, 6 parts of diluent, 14 parts of filler, and 6 parts of photoinitiator.
  • the bright powder coating layer coating comprises the following components by weight: 67 parts of UV resin, 0.5 part of auxiliary agent, 13 parts of diluent, 14 parts of filler, and 5 parts of photoinitiator.
  • the UV resin is Amino acrylate resin, additives including leveling agents, fillers, defoamers, adhesives, wetting agents and inhibitors, diluents
  • the acrylate diluent, the filler is calcium carbonate
  • the photoinitiator is ⁇ -hydroxyketone.
  • the above raw materials are all industrial raw materials.
  • the process for preparing the bright powder coating layer coating and the bright powder coating layer is: heating the UV resin to a liquidity with good fluidity at 60-120 ° C; then adding the auxiliary agent and diluent to the liquid UV resin according to the above ratio. Materials such as fillers, photoinitiators, etc., are stirred until uniform and ready for use.
  • the glitter powder coating layer prepared in the step (1) was roll-coated on the upper surface of the sheet prepared in Example 1-10 using a roll coater to form a glitter powder layer.
  • the speed of the conveyor belt is set to 5-20 m/min;
  • the distance between the roller and the surface of the substrate or the sheet is adjusted so that the bright powder coating layer has a desired thickness on the upper surface of the sheet.
  • the thickness of the powder layer is from 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the powder is evenly spread onto the roll of the powdered toner layer using a duster and further heated to partially trap the glitter in the glitter powder layer.
  • the coating is partially cured using an ultraviolet lamp, and the curing parameters are set as follows:
  • the power of the ultraviolet lamp is 100w-25kw;
  • the speed of the conveyor belt is 5-20 m/min;
  • the height of the UV lamp from the conveyor belt is 10-35 cm.
  • the bright powder coating layer prepared in the step (1) is roll coated on the surface of the glittering powdery powder layer using a roll coater to form a bright powder coating layer.
  • the coating obtained in the step (2) is cured and dried using an ultraviolet lamp, and the parameters of the curing and drying are set as follows:
  • the power of the UV lamp is 100w-25kw; the speed of the conveyor belt is 5-20m/min; the height of the UV lamp from the conveyor belt is 10-35cm.
  • UV The resin may also be epoxy acrylate resin, urethane acrylate resin, polyether acrylate resin, polyester acrylate resin, silicon modified acrylate resin, fluorine modified acrylate resin, photocurable polybutadiene oligomer Resins and their derivatives. Thinner can also use other Acrylate monomer or solvent. Other photopolymerization initiators or reactive amines can also be used as the photoinitiator.
  • the filler may also be made of clay, talc, barium sulfate or the like.
  • the pattern layer coating in this specific example comprises the following components by weight: 60 parts of UV resin, 0.9 parts of auxiliary agent, 15 parts of diluent, 15 parts of toner, and 6 parts of photoinitiator.
  • the UV resin is an amino acrylate resin
  • Auxiliaries include leveling agents, fillers, defoamers, sealants, wetting agents and inhibitors, diluents
  • the acrylate diluent, the filler is calcium carbonate, and the photoinitiator is ⁇ -hydroxyketone.
  • the above raw materials are all industrial raw materials.
  • the process for preparing the pattern layer coating is: heating the UV resin to a liquidity with good fluidity at 60-120 ° C; then adding the auxiliary agent, diluent, filler, photoinitiator and the like to the liquid UV resin in the above ratio. Stir until uniform. Prepare paints of different colors for use.
  • the pattern layer coating was applied to the upper surface of the sheet prepared in Example 1-11 by a four-color transfer method using a roll coater to form a pattern layer.
  • the speed of the conveyor belt is set to 5-20 m/min;
  • the distance between the roller and the surface of the substrate sheet is adjusted such that the pattern layer coating forms a desired thickness on the upper surface of the substrate or the sheet.
  • the pattern layer has a thickness of from 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the coating obtained in the step (2) is cured and dried using an ultraviolet lamp, and the parameters of the curing and drying are set as follows:
  • the power of the UV lamp is 100w-25kw; the speed of the conveyor belt is 5-20m/min; the height of the UV lamp from the conveyor belt is 10-35cm.
  • UV The resin may also be epoxy acrylate resin, urethane acrylate resin, polyether acrylate resin, polyester acrylate resin, silicon modified acrylate resin, fluorine modified acrylate resin, photocurable polybutadiene oligomer Resins and their derivatives. Thinner can also use other Acrylate monomer or solvent. Other photopolymerization initiators or reactive amines can also be used as the photoinitiator.
  • the filler may also be made of clay, talc, barium sulfate or the like.
  • the adhesive in this embodiment uses UV
  • the adhesive comprises the following components by weight: 70 parts of UV resin, 0.1 part of auxiliary agent, 5 parts of diluent, 10 parts of filler, and 3 parts of photoinitiator.
  • the UV resin is an amino acrylate resin
  • the auxiliary agent includes A leveling agent, an antifoaming agent, a binder, a wetting agent and an inhibitor
  • the diluent is an acrylate diluent
  • the filler is calcium carbonate
  • the photoinitiator is an ⁇ -hydroxyketone.
  • the above raw materials are all industrial raw materials.
  • the UV resin is heated to a liquidity with good fluidity at 60-120 ° C; then, to the liquid UV resin, materials such as an auxiliary agent, a diluent, a filler, a photoinitiator, and the like are added in the above ratio, and stirred until uniform.
  • the sheets obtained in Examples 1-12 were selected, and the lower surface to be bonded was subjected to a cleaning treatment.
  • the adhesive prepared in the step (1) is roll coated on the lower surface of the sheet by a roll coater to form an adhesive layer.
  • the speed of the conveyor is set to 5-20 m/min; Adjust the distance between the roller and the lower surface of the sheet so that the adhesive forms a desired thickness on the lower surface of the sheet.
  • the surface of the adhesive layer prepared in the step (3) and the periphery of the plate are covered with a release paper to prevent the adhesive. Exposure to light and avoid curing.
  • UV The resin may also be epoxy acrylate resin, urethane acrylate resin, polyether acrylate resin, polyester acrylate resin, silicon modified acrylate resin, fluorine modified acrylate resin, photocurable polybutadiene oligomer Resins and their derivatives. Thinner can also use other Acrylate monomer or solvent. Other photopolymerization initiators or reactive amines can also be used as the photoinitiator.
  • a layer of adhesive layer is directly coated on the bottom surface of the plate by brushing, so that the plate is saved during the paving process, and the paving efficiency of the plate is improved, and the adhesive used at the same time is adopted.
  • the material is environmentally friendly and contains no harmful substances such as formaldehyde.
  • the release paper can effectively prevent the adhesive layer from coming into contact with other objects during storage and transportation or exposed to light to cause curing.

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Abstract

一种用于板材的耐磨层，包括耐磨载粉层和耐磨粉；耐磨粉的平均粒径大于70μm；耐磨载粉层由UV固化涂料固化形成。还公开了一种耐磨板材。另外，还公开了一种耐磨层的制备方法，通过滚涂或淋涂将耐磨涂料涂装到基材表面；其中，滚涂或淋涂工艺可重复。该耐磨层性能环保，耐磨性好，可广泛应用于建筑材料的涂装。

Description

一种耐磨载粉层涂料、耐磨层及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及化工 / 建筑材料，具体涉及一种耐磨载粉层涂料、耐磨层及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着社会的发展和生活水平的不断提高，人们对于建筑材料的要求也越来越高，既要求其具有良好的实用性能，又对材料的环保性能提出了更高的要求。建筑材料例如板材（包括地板、墙板、天花板等），被广泛应用在建筑装修、室内装潢、展台布置中。在日常活动中，摩擦、撞击或划擦等行为，都会对板材的表面造成损害，影响其美观和耐用性。
现有的耐磨技术多采用 PVC 耐磨膜，并在其表层涂装丙烯酸树脂层。这种技术的缺陷在于，工艺复杂，同等条件下耐磨层较易被磨穿；且因其具有 PVC 耐磨膜，磨穿后会作为建筑垃圾处理，不易分解，不利于环保；而且现有技术中的耐磨表层中耐磨粉的颗粒粒径过小，耐磨效果不佳。
因此，本领域技术人员致力于开发一种具有良好耐磨性并且环保的涂料，使之能够广泛应用于建筑装修等领域中。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明提供了一种耐磨性能优异、环保且能够使用流水线进行涂装的耐磨载粉层涂料以及由其涂装得到的耐磨层，并提供了耐磨层的制备方法，还提供了耐磨载粉层涂料与耐磨层在涂装建筑材料中的应用。
本发明的技术方案如下：
本发明 一方面提供了一种耐磨层，包括耐磨载粉层和耐磨粉；其特征在于，所述耐磨粉的平均粒径大于 70μm ；所述耐磨载粉层由 UV 固化涂料固化形成。
进一步地，所述 UV 固化涂料包括 UV 固化树脂，所述 UV 固化树脂选自氨基丙烯酸酯树脂、环氧丙烯酸酯树脂、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂，聚醚丙烯酸酯树脂，聚酯丙烯酸酯树脂、硅改性丙烯酸酯树脂、氟改性丙烯酸酯树脂、光固化聚丁二烯低聚物树脂及其其衍生物中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述耐磨粉选自金刚砂、玻璃珠、碳化硅、二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化镁、钛白粉、塑胶粒中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述耐磨粉的用量为 15~45g/m2 。
优选地，所述耐磨粉的用量为 20~30g/m2 。
优选地，所述耐磨粉为氧化铝。
进一步地，所述金刚砂、玻璃珠、碳化硅、二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化镁或钛白粉的平均粒径为 75~500μm ，所述塑胶粒的平均粒径为 1~5mm 。
进一步地，所述耐磨载粉层涂料中，以质量份计，含有所述 UV 树脂 70~85 份、助剂 0.1~0.9 份、稀释剂 5~10 份、填充物 10~15 份和光引发剂 3~6 份。
优选地，所述助剂选自流平剂、消泡剂、密着剂、湿润剂和抑制剂中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述耐磨层还包括耐磨覆粉层。
进一步地，所述耐磨覆粉层含有所述 UV 树脂 60~70 份、助剂 0.4~0.6 份，稀释剂 14~20 份，填充剂 10~20 份和光引发剂 0.01~6 份。
进一步地，所述耐磨层的总厚度大于或等于所述耐磨粉的粒径。
进一步地，所述耐磨粉分布于所述耐磨层总厚度的 1/2 处及以上。
另一方面，本发明提供了一种前述的耐磨层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤 1 、将耐磨载粉层涂料涂装至待涂装产品的表面；
步骤 2 、将耐磨粉均匀分布在步骤 1 中得到的耐磨载粉层的表面，并加热以使耐磨粉与所述耐磨载粉层结合；
步骤 3 、使用紫外照射固化干燥所述耐磨载粉层；
其中，所述涂装包括滚涂或淋涂；所述制备方法采用流水线操作方式。
进一步地，多次重复步骤 1 以得到耐磨载粉层。
进一步地，通过使用一个或多个紫外灯进行所述紫外照射。
优选地，所述紫外灯的功率为 100w~25kw 。
优选地，所述待涂装产品通过传送带传送以依次进行所述步骤 1 、所述步骤 2 和所述步骤 3 ，优选地，所述传送带的传送速度为 5-20m/min 。
进一步地，通过使用紫外灯进行所述紫外照射，所述紫外灯距离所述传送带的高度为 10-35cm 。
优选地，所述制备方法还包括步骤 4 ：在固化干燥后的耐磨载粉层上再涂装耐磨覆粉层；所述涂装包括滚涂或淋涂。
进一步地，所述耐磨粉通过撒粉机或喷粉机分布至所述耐磨载粉层的表面。
再一方面，本发明提供了一种耐磨层，其特征在于，所述耐磨层包括耐磨载粉层和耐磨粉；所述耐磨载粉层是通过这样的方法制备的：步骤 1 、将耐磨载粉层涂料涂装至待涂装产品的表面，经紫外照射后得到耐磨载粉层；然后将耐磨粉均匀分布在步骤 1 中得到的耐磨载粉层的表面，并静置加热以使耐磨粉与所述耐磨载粉层结合；步骤 3 、使用紫外照射固化干燥所述耐磨载粉层；
其中，所述涂装包括滚涂或淋涂。
再一方面，本发明提供了一种耐磨板材， 所述 耐磨 板材上涂装有前述的耐磨层。
进一步地 ，所述 耐磨 板材的基材选自 PVC 板、 WPC 板、木质板、硅酸钙板、 LVT 、竹质板、玻镁板、竹木复合板和铝板中的一种。
进一步地 ， 所述耐磨板材还具有 底层、木皮层、图案层、立体纹层、亮粉层、防滑层和面漆层中的一种或多种。
进一步地 ，所述板材为以下多层板材中的一种：
a ）依次包括基材及所述耐磨层；
b ）依次包括基材、底层及所述耐磨层；
c ）依次包括基材、底层、所述耐磨层层及亮粉层；
d ）依次包括基材、底层、图案层及耐磨层；
e ）依次包括基材、底层、图案层、所述耐磨层及亮粉层；
f ）依次包括基材、底层、图案层、所述耐磨层及立体纹层；
g ）依次包括基材、木皮层及所述耐磨层；
h ）依次包括基材、底层、图案层、所述耐磨层、立体纹层及亮粉层。
进一步地 ， 所述底层由UV固化涂料制得，所述UV固化涂料按重量计包括如下组分：UV树脂60-70份，助剂0.1-0.9份，稀释剂10-15份，填充物10-15份，光引发剂3-6份 ， 所述耐磨板材的制备方法还包括：滚涂所述UV固化涂料，并使用紫外照射固化干燥所述UV固化涂料。
进一步地 ， 所述图案层由UV固化涂料制得，所述UV固化涂料按重量计包括如下组分：UV树脂60-70份，助剂0.1-0.9份，稀释剂10-15份，色粉10-15份，光引发剂3-6份，所述耐磨板材的制备方法还包括：滚涂所述UV固化涂料，并使用紫外照射固化干燥所述UV固化涂料。
进一步地 ，所述立体纹层由UV固化涂料制得，所述UV固化涂料按重量计包括如下组分：UV树脂70-85份，助剂0.1-0.9份，稀释剂5-10份，填充物10-15份，光引发剂3-6份，所述耐磨板材的制备方法还包括：用滚涂设备滚涂所述UV固化涂料，并使用紫外照射固化干燥所述UV固化涂料，所述滚涂设备包括滚轮，所述滚轮的表面具有与所述立体纹层的纹路相匹配的蚀纹。
进一步地 ，所述亮粉层包括亮粉载粉层、亮粉和亮粉覆粉层，所述亮粉载粉层和亮粉覆粉层由UV固化涂料制得，所述耐磨板材的制备方法还包括：滚涂所述亮粉载粉层，在所述亮粉载粉层上撒所述亮粉，使用紫外照射部分固化所述亮粉载粉层，滚涂所述亮粉覆粉层，使用紫外照射固化干燥所述亮粉载粉层和亮粉覆粉层。
进一步地 ，所述耐磨板材具有位于所述基材的下表面的垫层。
进一步地 ，所述垫层选自PVC止滑膜、WPC、厚胶、软木垫、橡胶木、EVA和速生木中的一种或多种。
进一步地 ，所述耐磨板材的下表面刷涂一层 胶黏层 ，所述 胶黏层 按重量计包括如下组分：UV树脂70-85份，助剂0.1-0.9份，稀释剂5-10份，填充物10-15份，光引发剂3-6份。
本发明公开的耐磨载粉层涂料及耐磨层，性能环保、耐磨效果好，可广泛应用于建筑材料的涂装。
以下将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明，以充分说明本发明的目的、技术特征和技术效果。
附图说明
图 1 是本发明实施例 1 中涂装有耐磨层的板材的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明进行进一步描述。
本发明中的耐磨载粉层涂料含有至少一种可辐射固化树脂，例如 UV 树脂，选自不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂，聚醚丙烯酸树脂，聚酯丙烯酸树脂、氨基丙烯酸树脂、硅改性丙烯酸酯、氟改性丙烯酸酯及其改质物或其衍生物中的一种或多种。可辐射固化树脂在紫外光、电子束等能源的辐射下，能够迅速固化成型。使用紫外光固化时，通常需要加入光引发剂，其可以是二苯酮或取代二苯酮，例如 α- 羟基酮，包括： 2- 羟基 -2- 甲基 -1- 苯基 - 丙 -1- 酮； 2- 羟基 -1-[4-(2- 羟乙氧基 ) 苯基 ]-2- 甲基 -1- 丙酮。其他合适的紫外光引发剂包括：苯乙酮和取代苯乙酮；安息香和它的烷基酯；氧杂蒽酮和取代的氧杂蒽酮；二乙氧基苯乙酮；安息香甲醚；安息香乙醚；安息香异丙醚；二乙氧基氧杂蒽酮；氯噻吨酮； N- 甲基二乙醇胺二苯酮； 1- 苯甲酰环己醇； 2- 苄基 -2-( 二甲基氨基 )-1-[4-(4- 吗啉基 ) 苯基 ]-1- 丁酮；氨基酮；苯偶酰二甲基酮缩醇； 2 ， 4 ， 6 三甲基苯甲酰基二氧化膦，含有或不含有 1- 羟基 - 环己基苯基酮；茂金属；二苯酮，和它们的混合物。对耐磨性能起主要作用的耐磨粉，选自金刚砂、玻璃珠、石英、碳化硅、二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化镁、钛白粉、塑胶粒中的一种或多种，优选为氧化铝（ Al2O3 ）；其平均粒径大于 70μm ，优选为 75~500μm 。
本发明中所述的'预处理'是指：将订购的原始板材表面进行清洁、表面调整等处理，增强涂料在原始板材表面的附着力。 WPC ，即木质塑料复合材料 (Wood Plastic Composite) 是一类新兴的材料，代表了范围相当宽的一类复合材料，这些材料是用纯净的或者回收的塑料与天然的纤维填料制成的，其中的塑料可以是高密度聚乙烯（ HDPE ），聚丙烯 (PP ），聚苯乙烯（ PS ）以及聚氯乙烯（ PVC ）等各种塑料，而天然纤维则包括了木粉和麻布纤维。 LVT （ LUXURY VINYL TILE ）是一种新型环保石塑地板，也是一种自沉式弹性免胶地板。
实施例 1
依配方 1.1 中的物料配比，按照这样的步骤制备耐磨载粉层涂料：将聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂加热至液态，倒入分散釜中，在搅拌下加入光引发剂、稀释剂丙烯酸酯、填充剂和助剂等，继续搅拌至均匀即制得耐磨载粉层涂料 1.1 。
配方 1.1
组分 物料名称 / 商品型号 配比（质量份）
UV 树脂 聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂 60
光引发剂 2- 羟基 -2- 甲基 -1- 苯基丙酮 6
填充剂 滑石粉 15
助剂 纳米二氧化硅 0.2
丙烯酸磷酸酯 0.3
稀释剂 丙烯酸酯 5
制备具有耐磨层的 竹质板：
取面积为 1 m2 的竹质板置于 传输速度为 5m/min 的传送带上，依次进行下列处理：
首先预处理 竹质板 ；然后依次进行下述步骤：
步骤 1 、 竹质板 经过滚涂机 1 ，将制得的耐磨载粉层涂料 1.1 涂装于 竹质板表面 ，再经过紫外固化装置 1 ，从而形成固化程度为 70% 的耐磨载粉层。
步骤 2 、 竹质板经过喷粉机 2 ，使得 15 g 平均粒径为 75 μm 的氧化铝均匀分布 在步骤 1 中得到的耐磨载粉层上；然后将竹质板传送至温度为 70 oC 的装置，使得氧化铝颗粒在软化后的耐磨载粉层中沉降附着 。
步骤 3 、经过步骤 2 处理的竹质板传送至 紫外固化装置 2 ，进行固化干燥，由此得到涂装有耐磨层的 竹质板 。
本实施中得到的 竹质板的耐磨层示意图如图 1 所示，氧化铝颗粒分布于耐磨层总厚度的 1/2 处至耐磨层上表面处。
按照 ASTM D 4060 以及 DN13329 标准对本实施例中的耐磨层进行测试，使用泰伯尔（ TABLE ）磨耗仪测试，测试结果为：
原装 TABER S-33 测试砂纸条，磨损指数：标准≤ 0.08g /100r ；耐磨层磨穿时的转数为 4000 。
实施例 2
依配方 2.1 中的物料配比，按照这样的步骤制备耐磨载粉层涂料：将聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂加热至液态，倒入分散釜中，在搅拌下加入光引发剂、稀释剂丙烯酸酯、填充剂和助剂等，继续搅拌至均匀即制得耐磨载粉层涂料 2.1 。
配方 2.1
组分 物料名称 / 商品型号 配比（质量份）
UV 树脂 聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂 70
光引发剂 2- 羟基 -2- 甲基 -1- 苯基丙酮 4
填充剂 碳酸钙 15
助剂 纳米二氧化硅 0.3
N-( β - 氨乙基 - γ - 氨丙基 ) 三甲氧基硅烷 0.1
稀释剂 丙烯酸酯 5
制备具有耐磨层的 PVC 板
取面积为 1 m2 的 PVC 板置于 传输速度为 5m/min 的传送带上，依次进行下列处理：
首先预处理 PVC 板 ；然后依次进行下述步骤：
步骤 1 、 PVC 板 经过滚涂机 1 ，将制得的耐磨载粉层涂料 2.1 涂装于 PVC 板表面 ，再经过紫外固化装置 1 ，从而形成固化程度为 60% 的耐磨载粉层。
步骤 2 、 PVC 板经过喷粉机 2 ，使得 15 g 平均粒径为 100 μm 的氧化铝均匀分布 在步骤 1 中得到的耐磨载粉层上；然后将 PVC 板传送至温度为 60 oC 的装置中，使得氧化铝颗粒在软化后的耐磨载粉层中沉降附着 。
步骤 3 、经过步骤 2 处理的 PVC 板传送至 紫外固化装置，进行固化干燥，由此得到涂装有耐磨层的 PVC 板 。
本实施中得到的 PVC 板的耐磨层的氧化铝颗粒分布于耐磨层总厚度的 1/2 处至耐磨层上表面处。
按照 ASTM D 4060 以及 DN13329 标准对本实施例中的耐磨层进行测试，使用泰伯尔（ TABLE ）磨耗仪测试，测试结果为：
原装 TABER S-33 测试砂纸条，磨损指数：标准≤ 0.08g /100r ；耐磨层磨穿时的转数为 3000 。
实施例 3
依配方 3.1 中的物料配比，按照这样的步骤制备耐磨载粉层涂料：将氨基丙烯酸酯树脂和聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂加热至液态，倒入分散釜中，在搅拌下加入光引发剂、稀释剂丙烯酸酯、填充剂和助剂等，继续搅拌至均匀即制得耐磨载粉层涂料 3.1 。
配方 3.1
组分 物料名称 / 商品型号 配比（质量份）
UV 树脂 氨基丙烯酸树脂 25
聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂 45
光引发剂 2,4,6( 三甲基苯甲酰基 ) 二苯基氧化膦 2
2- 羟基 -2- 甲基 -1- 苯基丙酮 3
填充剂 碳酸钙 8
滑石粉 7
助剂 纳米氧化铝 0.3
3- 氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷 0.2
稀释剂 丙烯酸酯 13
制备具有耐磨层的 复合木质板
取面积为 1 m2 的复合木质板置于 传输速度为 10m/min 的传送带上，依次进行下列处理：
首先预处理 复合木质板 ；然后依次进行下述步骤：
步骤 1 、 复合木质板 经过滚涂机 1 ，将制得的耐磨载粉层涂料 3.1 涂装于 PVC 板表面 ，再经过紫外固化装置 1 ，从而形成固化程度为 60% 的耐磨载粉层。
步骤 2 、 复合木质板经过喷粉机 2 ，使得 20 g 平均粒径为 75 μm 的二氧化硅均匀分布 在步骤 1 中得到的耐磨载粉层上；然后将复合木质板传送至温度为 60 oC 的装置中，使得二氧化硅颗粒在软化后的耐磨载粉层中沉降附着 。
步骤 3 、经过步骤 2 处理的复合木质板传送至 紫外固化装置，进行固化干燥，由此得到涂装有耐磨层的 复合木质板 。
本实施中得到的 复合木质板的耐磨层的 二氧化硅 颗粒分布于耐磨层总厚度的 1/2 处至耐磨层上表面处。
按照 ASTM D 4060 以及 DN13329 标准对本实施例中的耐磨层进行测试，使用泰伯尔（ TABLE ）磨耗仪测试，测试结果为：
原装 TABER S-33 测试砂纸条，磨损指数：标准≤ 0.08g /100r ；耐磨层磨穿时的转数为 3500 。
实施例 4
依配方 4.1 中的物料配比，按照这样的步骤制备耐磨载粉层涂料：将氨基丙烯酸酯树脂和聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂加热至液态，倒入分散釜中，在搅拌下加入光引发剂、稀释剂丙烯酸酯、填充剂和助剂等，继续搅拌至均匀即制得耐磨载粉层涂料 4.1 。
配方 4.1
组分 物料名称 / 商品型号 配比（质量份）
UV 树脂 氨基丙烯酸树脂 25
聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂 55
光引发剂 2,4,6( 三甲基苯甲酰基 ) 二苯基氧化膦 2
754 光引发剂 2
填充剂 碳酸钙 5
滑石粉 5
助剂 纳米氧化铝 0.3
3- 氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷 0.2
稀释剂 丙烯酸酯 9
制备具有耐磨层的 复合木质板
取面积为 1 m2 的复合木质板置于 传输速度为 10m/min 的传送带上，依次进行下列处理：
首先预处理 复合木质板 ；然后依次进行下述步骤：
步骤 1 、 复合木质板 经过滚涂机 1 ，将制得的耐磨载粉层涂料 4.1 涂装于 复合木质板表面 ，再经过紫外固化装置 1 ，从而形成固化程度为 60% 的耐磨载粉层。
步骤 2 、 复合木质板经过喷粉机 2 ，使得 15 g 平均粒径为 100 μm 的二氧化硅均匀分布 在步骤 1 中得到的耐磨载粉层上；然后将复合木质板传送至温度为 60 oC 的装置中，使得二氧化硅颗粒在软化后的耐磨载粉层中沉降附着 。
步骤 3 、经过步骤 2 处理的复合木质传送至 紫外固化装置，进行固化干燥，由此得到涂装有耐磨层的 复合木质板 。
本实施中得到的 复合木质板的耐磨层的 二氧化硅 颗粒分布于耐磨层总厚度的 1/3 处至耐磨层上表面处。
按照 ASTM D 4060 以及 DN13329 标准对本实施例中的耐磨层进行测试，使用泰伯尔（ TABLE ）磨耗仪测试，测试结果为：
原装 TABER S-33 测试砂纸条，磨损指数：标准≤ 0.08g /100r ；耐磨层磨穿时的转数为 4500 。
实施例 5
依配方 5.1 中的物料配比，按照这样的步骤制备耐磨载粉层涂料：将聚酯丙烯酸树脂和环氧丙烯酸酯树脂加热至液态，倒入分散釜中，在搅拌下加入光引发剂、稀释剂丙烯酸酯、填充剂和助剂等，继续搅拌至均匀即制得耐磨载粉层涂料 5.1 。
配方 5.1
组分 物料名称 / 商品型号 配比（质量份）
UV 树脂 聚酯丙烯酸树脂 45
环氧丙烯酸酯树脂 40
光引发剂 苯基双 (2,4,6- 三甲基苯甲酰基 ) 氧化膦 1
2- 羟基 -2- 甲基 -1- 苯基丙酮 2
填充剂 碳酸钙 15
助剂 纳米二氧化硅 0.1
N-( β - 氨乙基 - γ - 氨丙基 ) 三甲氧基硅烷 0.6
稀释剂 丙烯酸酯 10
制备具有耐磨层的 PVC 板
取面积为 1 m2 的 PVC 板置于 传输速度为 15m/min 的传送带上，依次进行下列处理：
首先预处理 PVC 板 ；然后依次进行下述步骤：
步骤 1 、 PVC 板 经过滚涂机 1 ，将制得的耐磨载粉层涂料 5.1 涂装于 PVC 板表面 ，再经过紫外固化装置 1 ，从而形成固化程度为 60% 的耐磨载粉层。
步骤 2 、 PVC 板经过喷粉机 2 ，使得 15 g 平均粒径为 75 μm 的二氧化硅均匀分布 在步骤 1 中得到的耐磨载粉层上；然后将 PVC 板传送至温度为 60 oC 的装置中，使得二氧化硅颗粒在软化后的耐磨载粉层中沉降附着 。
步骤 3 、经过步骤 2 处理的 PVC 板传送至 紫外固化装置，进行固化干燥，由此得到涂装有耐磨层的 PVC 板 。
本实施中得到的 PVC 板的耐磨层的 二氧化硅 颗粒分布于耐磨层总厚度的 1/2 处至耐磨层上表面处。
按照 ASTM D 4060 以及 DN13329 标准对本实施例中的耐磨层进行测试，使用泰伯尔（ TABLE ）磨耗仪测试，测试结果为：
原装 TABER S-33 测试砂纸条，磨损指数：标准≤ 0.08g /100r ；耐磨层磨穿时的转数为 4000 。
实施例 6
依配方 6.1 中的物料配比，按照这样的步骤制备耐磨载粉层涂料：将聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂和环氧丙烯酸酯树脂加热至液态，倒入分散釜中，在搅拌下加入光引发剂、稀释剂丙烯酸酯、填充剂和助剂等，继续搅拌至均匀即制得耐磨载粉层涂料 6.1 。
依配方 6.2 中的物料配比，按照这样的步骤制备耐磨覆粉层涂料：将聚酯丙烯酸树脂加热至液态，倒入分散釜中，在搅拌下加入光引发剂、稀释剂丙烯酸酯、填充剂和助剂等，继续搅拌至均匀即制得覆粉层涂料 6.2 。
配方 6.1
组分 物料名称 / 商品型号 配比（质量份）
UV 树脂 聚醚丙烯酸树脂 45
环氧丙烯酸酯树脂 25
光引发剂 苯基双 (2,4,6- 三甲基苯甲酰基 ) 氧化膦 1
2- 羟基 -2- 甲基 -1- 苯基丙酮 1
填充剂 滑石粉 15
助剂 3- 氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷 0.4
稀释剂 丙烯酸酯 6
配方 6.2
组分 物料名称 / 商品型号 配比（质量份）
UV 树脂 聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂 70
光引发剂 2- 羟基 -2- 甲基 -1- 苯基丙酮 4
填充剂 碳酸钙 15
助剂 纳米二氧化硅 0.3
N-( β - 氨乙基 - γ - 氨丙基 ) 三甲氧基硅烷 0.1
稀释剂 丙烯酸酯 10
制备具有耐磨层的 PVC 板
取面积为 1 m2 的 PVC 板置于 传输速度为 20m/min 的传送带上，依次进行下列处理：
首先预处理 PVC 板 ；然后依次进行下述步骤：
步骤 1 、 PVC 板 经过滚涂机 1 ，将制得的耐磨载粉层涂料 6.1 涂装于 PVC 板表面 ，再经过紫外固化装置 1 ，从而形成固化程度为 65% 的耐磨载粉层。
步骤 2 、 PVC 板经过喷粉机 2 ，使得 25 g 平均粒径为 500 μm 的玻璃珠均匀分布 在步骤 1 中得到的耐磨载粉层上；然后将 PVC 板传送至温度为 60 oC 的装置中，使得玻璃珠颗粒在软化后的耐磨载粉层中沉降附着 。
步骤 3 、 PVC 板 经过滚涂机 3 ，将制得的覆粉层涂料 6.2 涂装于 PVC 板表面 。
步骤 4 、经过步骤 3 处理的 PVC 板传送至 紫外固化装置，进行固化干燥，由此得到涂装有耐磨层的 PVC 板 。
本实施中得到的 PVC 板的耐磨层的玻璃珠颗粒分布于耐磨层总厚度的 1/2 处至耐磨层上表面处。
按照 ASTM D 4060 以及 DN13329 标准对本实施例中的耐磨层进行测试，使用泰伯尔（ TABLE ）磨耗仪测试，测试结果为：
原装 TABER S-33 测试砂纸条，磨损指数：标准≤ 0.08g /100r ；耐磨层磨穿时的转数为 4000 。
实施例 7
依配方 7.1 中的物料配比，按照这样的步骤制备耐磨载粉层涂料：将聚醚丙烯酸酯树脂和聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂加热至液态，倒入分散釜中，在搅拌下加入光引发剂、稀释剂丙烯酸酯、填充剂和助剂等，继续搅拌至均匀即制得耐磨载粉层涂料 7.1 。
依配方 7.2 中的物料配比，按照这样的步骤制备耐磨覆粉层涂料：将聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂加热至液态，倒入分散釜中，在搅拌下加入光引发剂、稀释剂丙烯酸酯、填充剂和助剂等，继续搅拌至均匀即制得覆粉层涂料 7.2 。
配方 7.1
组分 物料名称 / 商品型号 配比（质量份）
UV 树脂 聚醚丙烯酸树脂 40
聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂 45
光引发剂 2,4,6( 三甲基苯甲酰基 ) 二苯基氧化膦 1
2- 羟基 -2- 甲基 -1- 苯基丙酮 1
填充剂 碳酸钙 10
助剂 N-( β - 氨乙基 - γ - 氨丙基 ) 三甲氧基硅烷 0.1
稀释剂 丙烯酸酯 9
配方 7.2
组分 物料名称 / 商品型号 配比（质量份）
UV 树脂 聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂 80
光引发剂 2- 羟基 -2- 甲基 -1- 苯基丙酮 6
填充剂 碳酸钙 10
助剂 纳米二氧化硅 0.2
N-( β - 氨乙基 - γ - 氨丙基 ) 三甲氧基硅烷 0.2
稀释剂 丙烯酸酯 9
制备具有耐磨层的 硅酸钙板
取面积为 1 m2 的硅酸钙板置于 传输速度为 15m/min 的传送带上，依次进行下列处理：
首先预处理 硅酸钙板 ；然后依次进行下述步骤：
步骤 1 、 硅酸钙板 经过滚涂机 1 ，将制得的耐磨载粉层涂料 7.1 涂装于 硅酸钙板表面 ，再经过紫外固化装置 1 ，从而形成固化程度为 70% 的耐磨载粉层。
步骤 2 、 硅酸钙板经过喷粉机 2 ，使得 15 g 平均粒径为 1mm 的塑胶粒均匀分布 在步骤 1 中得到的耐磨载粉层上；然后将硅酸钙板传送至温度为 60 oC 的装置中，使得塑胶颗粒在软化后的耐磨载粉层中沉降附着 。
步骤 3 、硅酸钙板 经过滚涂机 3 ，将制得的覆粉层涂料 7.2 涂装于 硅酸钙板表面 。
步骤 4 、经过步骤 3 处理的硅酸钙板传送至 紫外固化装置，进行固化干燥，由此得到涂装有耐磨层的 硅酸钙板 。
本实施中得到的 硅酸钙板的耐磨层的 塑胶 颗粒分布于耐磨层总厚度的 1/6 处至耐磨层上表面处。
按照 ASTM D 4060 以及 DN13329 标准对本实施例中的耐磨层进行测试，使用泰伯尔（ TABLE ）磨耗仪测试，测试结果为：
原装 TABER S-33 测试砂纸条，磨损指数：标准≤ 0.08g /100r ；耐磨层磨穿时的转数为 3000 。与现有技术相比，本发明中的耐磨层其耐磨系数增加，耐磨的效果显著增加。
实施例8具有木皮层的耐磨板材的制备
木皮层选用实木木皮，木皮层厚度为0.1-2.0 mm皆可，更常用的是0.5-5mm。黏胶剂选用常规聚氨酯热熔胶。具体制作方法包括以下步骤：
a ）对实施例1-7中的基材的上表面进行清理，对木皮层的下表面进行清理；
b ）在步骤a中清理完成的基材的上表面均匀涂覆聚氨酯热熔胶；
c ）将木皮功能层的下表面和基材的上表面贴合在一起；
d ）将上述贴合在一起的基材和木皮层置于冷压机上冷压40-60分钟得到基材上贴木皮层的板材。
e ）按照实施例1-7中的方法在步骤d）制得的板材上涂装耐磨层，即可制得具有木皮层的耐磨板材。
该实施例所制备的板材采用基材贴木皮层的方式，既节省了木材，又可以实现与实木地板同等的效果。
作为该实施例的变形，木皮层也可以被替换成金属板或泡沫板。
实施例9具有防滑层的耐磨板材的制备
依配方9中的物料配比，按照这样的步骤制备UV固化涂料：将聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂加热至液态，倒入分散釜中，在搅拌下加入光引发剂、稀释剂丙烯酸酯、填充剂和助剂等，继续搅拌至均匀即制得UV固化涂料。
配方9
组分 物料名称/商品型号 配比（质量份）
UV 树脂 聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂 70
光引发剂 2- 羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮 6
填充剂 滑石粉 15
助剂 纳米二氧化硅 0.2
丙烯酸磷酸酯 0.3
稀释剂 丙烯酸酯 8.5
将实施例1-8中制得的板材置于 传输速度为5m/min的传送带上，首先预处理 板材 ，然后依次进行下述步骤：
步骤1、 板材 经过滚涂机，将制得的UV固化涂料涂装于 板材表面 ，再经过紫外固化装置，从而形成固化程度为70%的防滑载粉层。
步骤2、将步骤1处理过的 板材经过喷粉机，使得45g平均粒径为 80μm 的氧化铝均匀分布 在步骤1中得到的防滑载粉层上；然后将板材传送至温度为 70 ℃的装置，使得氧化铝颗粒在软化后的防滑载粉层中沉降附着 。
步骤3、经过步骤2处理的板材传送至 紫外固化装置，进行固化干燥，由此得到涂装有防滑层的 板材 。
本实施例中， UV 树脂除了使用聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂外，还可以是氨基丙烯酸酯树脂、环氧丙烯酸酯树脂、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂，聚醚丙烯酸酯树脂，聚酯丙烯酸酯树脂、硅改性丙烯酸酯树脂、氟改性丙烯酸酯树脂、光固化聚丁二烯低聚物树脂及其其衍生物中的一种或多种。
本实施例中的防滑粉除了使用 氧化铝外，还可以是金刚砂、玻璃珠、碳化硅、二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化镁、钛白粉、塑胶粒中的一种或多种。
使用斜坡法（油湿状态），按照DIN51130、AS/NZS4586:2013附录D以及GB/T26542标准对本实施例中的防滑层进行测试，测试结果为：
防滑等级及对应的临界角度为：R10 10°≤X<19° 。
实施例10具有立体纹层的耐磨板材的制备
（1）制备立体纹层涂料
该具体实施例中的立体纹层涂料为UV固化涂料，该UV固化涂料按重量计包括如下组分：UV树脂70份，助剂0.9份，稀释剂10份，填充物15份，光引发剂6份，其中UV树脂为 氨基丙烯酸酯树脂， 助剂包括 流平剂、填料、消泡剂、密着剂、湿润剂和抑制剂，稀释剂为 丙烯酸酯稀释剂，填充物为碳酸钙，光引发剂为α-羟基酮。以上原料皆为工业常规原料。
制备立体纹层涂料的工艺为：将UV树脂在60-120℃加热至流动性好的液态；然后向液态的UV树脂中，按上述比例加入助剂、稀释剂、填充物、光引发剂等材料，搅拌至均匀，备用。
（2）增加板材表面的密着性
选择实施例1-9中制备的板材， 使用第一滚涂机将乙醇涂装至板材的上表面，滚涂过程中，传送带的速度设置为5-20m/min。
（3）滚涂立体纹层
使用滚涂机将步骤（1）制备的立体纹层涂料滚涂于板材的上表面， 该滚涂机的 滚轮的表面具有与所需要的立体纹层的纹路相匹配的蚀纹。 滚涂过程中，传送带的速度设置为 15-30 m/min ； 调整滚轮与基材板表面的距离至0.01-0.5mm；重复滚涂2-5次，直至立体纹层涂料在基材或板材的上表面形成所期望的厚度。
（4）光固化
使用紫外灯对步骤（3）中得到的涂层进行固化干燥，固化干燥的参数设置为： 紫外灯的功率为100w-25kw； 传送带的速度为5-20m/min；紫外灯距离传送带的高度为10-35cm。
该具体实施例直接利用滚涂的方式将UV固化涂料涂覆于基材或板材上，形成的立体纹理清晰美观，手触有纹路感。由于UV固化涂料本身的优良特性，形成的立体纹不易存在黄变、剥离等状况。而且，材料环保；流水线生产，操作简便，减少人员操作的失误率，降低人工成本；产线控制，能有效降低产品的次品率。
作为该具体实施例的变形， UV 树脂也可以采用环氧丙烯酸酯树脂、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂、聚醚丙烯酸酯树脂、聚酯丙烯酸酯树脂、硅改性丙烯酸酯树脂、氟改性丙烯酸酯树脂、光固化聚丁二烯低聚物树脂及它们的衍生物。稀释剂也可以采用其它的 丙烯酸酯类单体或溶剂。光引发剂也可以采用其它的自由基聚合引发剂或活性胺。填充物也可以采用陶土、滑石粉、硫酸钡等。
实施例11具有亮粉层的耐磨板材的制备
（1）制备亮粉载粉层涂料和亮粉覆粉层涂料
该具体实施例中的亮粉载粉层涂料按重量计包括如下组分：UV树脂73份，助剂0.7份，稀释剂6份，填充物14份，光引发剂6份。亮粉覆粉层涂料按重量计包括如下组分：UV树脂67份，助剂0.5份，稀释剂13份，填充物14份，光引发剂5份。其中UV树脂为 氨基丙烯酸酯树脂， 助剂包括 流平剂、填充物、消泡剂、密着剂、湿润剂和抑制剂，稀释剂为 丙烯酸酯稀释剂，填充物为碳酸钙，光引发剂为α-羟基酮。以上原料皆为工业常规原料。
制备亮粉载粉层涂料和亮粉覆粉层的工艺为：将UV树脂在60-120℃加热至流动性好的液态；然后向液态的UV树脂中，按上述比例加入助剂、稀释剂、填充物、光引发剂等材料，搅拌至均匀，备用。
（2）滚涂亮粉层
使用滚涂机将步骤（1）制备的亮粉载粉层涂料滚涂于实施例1-10中制备的板材上表面，以形成亮粉载粉层。 滚涂过程中，传送带的速度设置为 5-20 m/min ； 调整滚轮与基材或板材表面的距离，使得亮粉载粉层涂料在板材的上表面形成所期望的厚度，通常，亮粉载粉层厚度为1μm-100μm。
使用撒粉机将亮粉均匀撒至滚涂的亮粉载粉层之上，并进一步加热，以使亮粉部分地陷于亮粉载粉层。
使用紫外灯对涂层进行部分固化，固化的参数设置为： 紫外灯的功率为100w-25kw； 传送带的速度为5-20m/min；紫外灯距离传送带的高度为10-35cm。
使用滚涂机将步骤（1）制备的亮粉覆粉层涂料滚涂于撒有亮粉的亮粉载粉层的表面，以形成亮粉覆粉层。
（3）光固化
使用紫外灯对步骤（2）中得到的涂层进行固化干燥，固化干燥的参数设置为： 紫外灯的功率为100w-25kw； 传送带的速度为5-20m/min；紫外灯距离传送带的高度为10-35cm。
作为该具体实施例的变形， UV 树脂也可以采用环氧丙烯酸酯树脂、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂、聚醚丙烯酸酯树脂、聚酯丙烯酸酯树脂、硅改性丙烯酸酯树脂、氟改性丙烯酸酯树脂、光固化聚丁二烯低聚物树脂及它们的衍生物。稀释剂也可以采用其它的 丙烯酸酯类单体或溶剂。光引发剂也可以采用其它的自由基聚合引发剂或活性胺。填充物也可以采用陶土、滑石粉、硫酸钡等。
实施例12具图案层的耐磨板材的制备
（1）制备图案层涂料
该具体实施例中的图案层涂料按重量计包括如下组分：UV树脂60份，助剂0.9份，稀释剂15份，色粉15份，光引发剂6份。其中UV树脂为 氨基丙烯酸酯树脂， 助剂包括 流平剂、 填充物 、消泡剂、密着剂、湿润剂和抑制剂，稀释剂为 丙烯酸酯稀释剂，填充物为碳酸钙，光引发剂为α-羟基酮。以上原料皆为工业常规原料。
制备图案层涂料的工艺为：将UV树脂在60-120℃加热至流动性好的液态；然后向液态的UV树脂中，按上述比例加入助剂、稀释剂、填充物、光引发剂等材料，搅拌至均匀。制备好不同颜色的涂料备用。
（2）滚涂图案层
使用滚涂机以四色转印方法将图案层涂料涂于实施例1-11中制备的板材的上表面，以形成图案层。 滚涂过程中，传送带的速度设置为 5-20 m/min ； 调整滚轮与基材板表面的距离，使得图案层涂料在基材或板材的上表面形成所期望的厚度，通常，图案层厚度为1μm-100μm。
（3）光固化
使用紫外灯对步骤（2）中得到的涂层进行固化干燥，固化干燥的参数设置为： 紫外灯的功率为100w-25kw； 传送带的速度为5-20m/min；紫外灯距离传送带的高度为10-35cm。
作为该具体实施例的变形， UV 树脂也可以采用环氧丙烯酸酯树脂、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂、聚醚丙烯酸酯树脂、聚酯丙烯酸酯树脂、硅改性丙烯酸酯树脂、氟改性丙烯酸酯树脂、光固化聚丁二烯低聚物树脂及它们的衍生物。稀释剂也可以采用其它的 丙烯酸酯类单体或溶剂。光引发剂也可以采用其它的自由基聚合引发剂或活性胺。填充物也可以采用陶土、滑石粉、硫酸钡等。
实施例13具有 胶黏层 的板材的制备
（1）制备胶黏剂
本实施例中的胶黏剂采用 UV 胶黏剂，按重量计包括如下组分：UV树脂70份，助剂0.1份，稀释剂5份，填充物10份，光引发剂3份。其中UV树脂为 氨基丙烯酸酯树脂， 助剂包括 流平剂、消泡剂、密着剂、湿润剂和抑制剂，稀释剂为 丙烯酸酯稀释剂，填充物为碳酸钙，光引发剂为α-羟基酮。以上原料皆为工业常规原料。
将UV树脂在60-120℃加热至流动性好的液态；然后向液态的UV树脂中，按上述比例加入助剂、稀释剂、填充物、光引发剂等材料，搅拌至均匀，备用。
（2）板材预处理
选取实施例1-12制得的板材，对需要贴合的下表面进行清灰处理。
（3）刷涂胶黏层
通过滚涂机将步骤（1）制备的胶黏剂滚涂在板材的下表面上，形成胶黏层。 滚涂过程中，传送带的速度设置为 5-20 m/min ； 调整滚轮与板材的下表面的距离，使得胶黏剂在板材的下表面形成所期望的厚度。
（4）封装
在步骤（3）制备的胶黏层表面及板材的四周覆盖一层离型纸， 防止 胶黏剂 暴露在光线下，避免固化。
作为该具体实施例的变形， UV 树脂也可以采用环氧丙烯酸酯树脂、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂、聚醚丙烯酸酯树脂、聚酯丙烯酸酯树脂、硅改性丙烯酸酯树脂、氟改性丙烯酸酯树脂、光固化聚丁二烯低聚物树脂及它们的衍生物。稀释剂也可以采用其它的 丙烯酸酯类单体或溶剂。光引发剂也可以采用其它的自由基聚合引发剂或活性胺。
本实施例直接利用刷涂的方式在板材的底面涂覆一层胶黏层，使得板材在铺装时节省了刷涂胶水的施工工序，提高了板材的铺装效率；同时采用的胶黏剂 材料环保，不含甲醛等有害物质。离型纸能有效防止胶黏层在储存和运输过程中与其他物体接触或暴露在光线下产生固化。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (35)

  1. 一种用于板材的耐磨层，包括耐磨载粉层和耐磨粉；其特征在于，所述耐磨粉的平均粒径大于70μm；所述耐磨载粉层由UV固化涂料固化形成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的耐磨层，其特征在于，所述UV固化涂料包括UV固化树脂，所述UV固化树脂选自氨基丙烯酸酯树脂、环氧丙烯酸酯树脂、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂，聚醚丙烯酸酯树脂，聚酯丙烯酸酯树脂、硅改性丙烯酸酯树脂、氟改性丙烯酸酯树脂、光固化聚丁二烯低聚物树脂及其其衍生物中的一种或多种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的耐磨层，其特征在于，所述耐磨粉选自金刚砂、玻璃珠、碳化硅、二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化镁、钛白粉、塑胶粒中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的耐磨层，其特征在于，所述耐磨粉的用量为15~45g/m2。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的耐磨层，其特征在于，所述耐磨粉的用量为20~30g/m2。
  6. 根据权利要求3中所述的耐磨层，其特征在于，所述耐磨粉为氧化铝。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的耐磨层，其特征在于，所述金刚砂、玻璃珠、碳化硅、二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化镁或钛白粉的平均粒径为75~500μm，所述塑胶粒的平均粒径为1~5mm。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的耐磨层，其特征在于，以质量份计，所述耐磨载粉层涂料中，含有所述UV树脂70~85份、助剂0.1~0.9份、稀释剂5~10份、填充物10~15份和光引发剂3~6份。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的耐磨层，其特征在于，所述助剂选自流平剂、消泡剂、密着剂、湿润剂和抑制剂中的一种或多种。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的耐磨层，其特征在于，所述耐磨层还包括耐磨覆粉层。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的耐磨层，其特征在于，所述耐磨覆粉层含有所述UV树脂60~70份、助剂0.4~0.6份，稀释剂14~20份，填充剂10~20份和光引发剂0.01~6份。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的耐磨层，其特征在于，所述耐磨粉分布于所述耐磨层总厚度的1/2处及以上。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的耐磨层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤1、将耐磨载粉层涂料涂装至待涂装产品的表面；
    步骤2、将耐磨粉均匀分布在步骤1中得到的耐磨载粉层的表面，并加热以使耐磨粉与所述耐磨载粉层结合；
    步骤3、使用紫外照射固化干燥所述耐磨载粉层；
    其中，所述涂装包括滚涂或淋涂；所述制备方法采用流水线操作方式。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的制备方法，其特征在于，多次重复步骤1以得到耐磨载粉层。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的制备方法，其特征在于，通过使用一个或多个紫外灯进行所述紫外照射，所述紫外灯的功率为100w~25kw。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述待涂装产品通过传送带传送以依次进行所述步骤1、所述步骤2和所述步骤3，所述传送带的传送速度为5-20m/min。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的制备方法，其特征在于，通过使用紫外灯进行所述紫外照射，所述紫外灯距离所述传送带的高度为10-35cm。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法还包括步骤4：在固化干燥后的耐磨载粉层上再涂装耐磨覆粉层；所述涂装包括滚涂或淋涂。
  19. 根据权利要求13所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述耐磨粉通过撒粉机或喷粉机分布至所述耐磨载粉层的表面。
  20. 一种耐磨层，其特征在于，所述耐磨层包括耐磨载粉层和耐磨粉；所述耐磨载粉层是通过这样的方法制备的：步骤1、将耐磨载粉层涂料涂装至待涂装产品的表面，经紫外照射后得到耐磨载粉层；步骤2、然后将耐磨粉均匀分布在步骤1中得到的耐磨载粉层的表面，并静置加热以使耐磨粉与所述耐磨载粉层结合；步骤3、使用紫外照射固化干燥所述耐磨载粉层；其中，所述涂装包括滚涂或淋涂。
  21. 一种耐磨板材，其特征在于，所述耐磨板材上涂装有根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的耐磨层。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的耐磨板材，其特征在于，所述耐磨板材的基材选自PVC板、WPC板、木质板、硅酸钙板、LVT、竹质板、玻镁板、竹木复合板和铝板中的一种。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的耐磨板材，其特征在于，所述耐磨板材还具有底层、木皮层、图案层、立体纹层、亮粉层、防滑层和面漆层中的一种或多种。
  24. 据权利要求23所述的耐磨板材，其特征在于，所述耐磨板材为以下多层板材中的一种：
    a）依次包括基材及所述耐磨层；
    b）依次包括基材、底层及所述耐磨层；
    c）依次包括基材、底层、所述耐磨层层及亮粉层；
    d）依次包括基材、底层、图案层及所述耐磨层；
    e）依次包括基材、底层、图案层、所述耐磨层及亮粉层；
    f）依次包括基材、底层、图案层、所述耐磨层及立体纹层；
    g）依次包括基材、木皮层及所述耐磨层；
    h）依次包括基材、底层、图案层、所述耐磨层、立体纹层及亮粉层。
  25. 根据权利要求23所述的耐磨板材，其特征在于，所述底层由UV固化涂料制得，所述UV固化涂料按重量计包括如下组分：UV树脂60-70份，助剂0.1-0.9份，稀释剂10-15份，填充物10-15份，光引发剂3-6份。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的耐磨板材，其特征在于，所述耐磨板材的制备方法还包括：滚涂所述UV固化涂料，并使用紫外照射固化干燥所述UV固化涂料。
  27. 根据权利要求23所述的耐磨板材，其特征在于，所述图案层由UV固化涂料制得，所述UV固化涂料按重量计包括如下组分：UV树脂60-70份，助剂0.1-0.9份，稀释剂10-15份，色粉10-15份，光引发剂3-6份。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的耐磨板材，其特征在于，所述耐磨板材的制备方法还包括：滚涂所述UV固化涂料，并使用紫外照射固化干燥所述UV固化涂料。
  29. 根据权利要求23所述的耐磨板材，其特征在于，所述立体纹层由UV固化涂料制得，所述UV固化涂料按重量计包括如下组分：UV树脂70-85份，助剂0.1-0.9份，稀释剂5-10份，填充物10-15份，光引发剂3-6份。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的耐磨板材，其特征在于，所述耐磨板材的制备方法还包括：用滚涂设备滚涂所述UV固化涂料，并使用紫外照射固化干燥所述UV固化涂料，所述滚涂设备包括滚轮，所述滚轮的表面具有与所述立体纹层的纹路相匹配的蚀纹。
  31. 根据权利要求23所述的耐磨板材，其特征在于，所述亮粉层包括亮粉载粉层、亮粉和亮粉覆粉层。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的耐磨板材，其特征在于，所述亮粉载粉层和亮粉覆粉层由UV固化涂料制得，所述耐磨板材的制备方法还包括：滚涂所述亮粉载粉层，在所述亮粉载粉层上撒所述亮粉，使用紫外照射部分固化所述亮粉载粉层，滚涂所述亮粉覆粉层，使用紫外照射固化干燥所述亮粉载粉层和亮粉覆粉层。
  33. 根据权利要22所述的耐磨板材，其特征在于，所述耐磨板材具有位于所述基材的下表面的垫层。
  34. 根据权利要33所述的耐磨板材，其特征在于，所述垫层选自PVC止滑膜、WPC、厚胶、软木垫、橡胶木、EVA和速生木中的一种或多种。
  35. 根据权利要21所述的耐磨板材，其特征在于，所述耐磨板材的下表面刷涂一层胶黏层，所述胶黏层按重量计包括如下组分：UV树脂70-85份，助剂0.1-0.9份，稀释剂5-10份，填充物10-15份，光引发剂3-6份。
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