WO2017113830A1 - 全侧开式棚车 - Google Patents

全侧开式棚车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017113830A1
WO2017113830A1 PCT/CN2016/096528 CN2016096528W WO2017113830A1 WO 2017113830 A1 WO2017113830 A1 WO 2017113830A1 CN 2016096528 W CN2016096528 W CN 2016096528W WO 2017113830 A1 WO2017113830 A1 WO 2017113830A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
door
lock
transmission mechanism
fork
side open
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/096528
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
娄连华
孙海双
于凤辉
田海增
吕倩
程伟
赵建
王胜坤
李华
Original Assignee
中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司
Priority to EP16880623.0A priority Critical patent/EP3398827B1/en
Priority to RU2017128489A priority patent/RU2702327C1/ru
Priority to US15/545,341 priority patent/US10696311B2/en
Publication of WO2017113830A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017113830A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D19/00—Door arrangements specially adapted for rail vehicles
    • B61D19/001—Door arrangements specially adapted for rail vehicles for wagons or vans
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
    • B61D17/08—Sides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D19/00—Door arrangements specially adapted for rail vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D19/00—Door arrangements specially adapted for rail vehicles
    • B61D19/003—Door arrangements specially adapted for rail vehicles characterised by the movements of the door
    • B61D19/005—Door arrangements specially adapted for rail vehicles characterised by the movements of the door sliding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D19/00—Door arrangements specially adapted for rail vehicles
    • B61D19/003—Door arrangements specially adapted for rail vehicles characterised by the movements of the door
    • B61D19/005—Door arrangements specially adapted for rail vehicles characterised by the movements of the door sliding
    • B61D19/007—The doors being wall panels enabling complete opening of the wagon sides, e.g. for quick loading or unloading
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D3/00—Wagons or vans
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/404—Function thereof
    • E05Y2201/422—Function thereof for opening
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60—Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622—Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/644—Flexible elongated pulling elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60—Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622—Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/686—Rods, links
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
    • E05Y2900/51—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles for railway cars or mass transit vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of railway box cars, in particular to a full-side open box car.
  • Boxcars are general-purpose vehicles in railway wagons and are widely used to transport various goods. With the continuous development of railway wagons in China, the requirements for the fast and convenient loading and unloading of the box cars are getting higher and higher.
  • the box car usually has a single door structure in the middle of the vehicle body.
  • the door can only be loaded and unloaded by the door. Since the car body is long and the loading and unloading volume is large, when the box car with the structure is used, the door opening space is used. Small and the door opening position is fixed, the goods need to be pushed at the door and the position of the two ends, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the loading and unloading efficiency is low.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a full-side open box car, which improves the efficiency of loading and unloading goods by optimizing the design of the door assembly, improving the portability and flexibility of the door opening and closing.
  • the invention provides a full-side open box car comprising a plurality of doors movable in the direction of the vehicle body and an opening and closing device for starting and closing the door; when closed, each of the doors is sequentially arranged to form the full-side open box car And a side wall, when opened, the opening and closing device activates the inner and outer directions of the door to translate, so that the door is wrong and moves in the direction of the vehicle body to open the corresponding position of the full-side open box car.
  • the opening and closing device comprises:
  • An upper transmission mechanism is disposed above the door to push the upper portion of the door to translate in the inner and outer directions;
  • a lower transmission mechanism disposed under the door to push the lower portion of the door to translate in the inner and outer directions;
  • the middle transmission mechanism has one end connected to the upper transmission mechanism and the other end connected to the lower transmission mechanism, and the middle transmission mechanism drives the upper transmission mechanism and the lower transmission mechanism to synchronously act to push the door to translate.
  • the upper transmission mechanism includes an upper transmission shaft, an upper fork and an upper axle seat fixed to the upper transmission shaft; the upper axle bracket is fixed to the full-side open boxcar, the upper transmission shaft The two ends are rotatably connected to the upper shaft seat, and the middle transmission mechanism is fixed to the upper transmission shaft, and the upper transmission shaft drives the upper fork to push the upper portion of the door to translate.
  • a fork in the upper fork that pushes the door to be translated from the outside to the inside is provided with a pressing fork that closes the door, and the pressing fork presses the upper portion of the door.
  • the upper portion of the door is fixedly connected to the baffle, and the abutting plate protrudes from the upper end of the door, one side is pressed into contact with the pressing fork, and the other side is abutted against the other fork.
  • the lower transmission mechanism includes a lower transmission shaft, a lower pushing member fixed to the lower transmission shaft, and a lower shaft seat, the lower transmission shaft being fixed to the full-side open box car, the lower transmission shaft The two ends are rotatably connected to the lower shaft seat, the middle transmission mechanism is fixed to the lower transmission shaft, and the lower transmission shaft drives the lower pushing member to push the lower portion of the door to translate.
  • the lower pushing member is a three-track shifting fork
  • the number of the sliding doors is four
  • a bottom of the sliding door is disposed with a pulley and a double-row sliding rail that guides the sliding of the pulley; a dividing rail of the three-track fork, a matching inner ring groove of the sliding rail; the door closing state, the three-track shifting fork is in one-to-one correspondence with the pulley, and the pulley is located in the three-track dialing
  • the middle of the fork is divided into rails; the door is opened and closed, and the divided rails at the intermediate position and the other rails are connected to the corresponding rails.
  • two of the opening and closing devices are installed between two of the doors in the intermediate position to respectively activate the adjacent doors to translate in the inner and outer directions.
  • the middle transmission mechanism includes an upper link, a lower link, and a reversing shaft connecting the upper link and the lower link; the upper transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the upper link An upper crank, the lower drive shaft is fixed with a lower crank connected to the lower link.
  • the upper link includes a first link fixed to the upper crank, a second link connecting the lower link, a middle crank, and the middle crank connects the first link and the The second link is disposed along the direction in which the door is bent.
  • the middle transmission mechanism is provided with an operation handle for driving the upper transmission mechanism and the lower transmission mechanism to synchronously move.
  • the operating lock device is further provided with a lock body, two lock cylinders and an elastic member, the elastic member connecting the ends of the two lock cylinders, and the lock body is provided with two a mounting groove of the lock cylinder, a front end of each of the lock cylinders and a bottom side of the mounting groove, and a side wall of the corresponding side enclose a lock area corresponding to an operation handle of the opening and closing device The head end moves relative to a side wall of the mounting groove to lock and open the steering lock device.
  • the lock body includes a lock frame, a lock cover and a lock seat, and the lock frame is provided with a U-shaped groove, and the lock cover is opposite to the bottom end of the U-shaped groove.
  • the outer side surface forms the mounting groove for supporting the lock cylinder, and the side wall of the U-shaped groove forms the locking area with the head end.
  • the invention provides a full-side open box car, which comprises a plurality of door doors and an opening and closing device for starting and closing the door.
  • each door is sequentially arranged to form a side wall of the full-side open box car, and each door can be moved in the direction of the vehicle body; that is, one side wall of the full-side open box car can be opened
  • the door is composed and can be opened at any position. It can load and unload cargo directly at different positions of the box car, and avoid the work of carrying the goods after being loaded into the car by the door of the car or gradually moving from the two ends of the car body to the door of the car.
  • the doors are sequentially arranged and closed.
  • the opening and closing device activates the door to translate in the inner and outer directions, thereby causing the doors to be wrong, and then pushing the door to slide in the direction of the vehicle body, and gradually opening the full side as the doors overlap each other.
  • Open box car The full-side open door can easily and flexibly open the door, which facilitates loading and unloading of goods, and effectively improves the efficiency of loading and unloading goods.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a full-side open box car in a specific embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view showing the connection between the opening and closing device and the corresponding door in the closed state of the door in the specific embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a side view of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the relationship between the upper fork and the door in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the relationship between the three-track fork and the door in Figure 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the locking operation handle of the operation lock device of the full-side open box car in the specific embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is the steering lock device shown in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the steering lock device.
  • Opening and closing device 10
  • a lower transmission shaft 121 a three-track fork 122, a lower axle seat 123, a lower crank 124, a door stop 125;
  • first link 131 a first link 131, a second link 132, a lower link 133, a middle crank 134, a reversing shaft 135, an operating handle 136;
  • Lock body 21 lock core 22, elastic member 23;
  • the central column 30 and the pumping plate 40 are connected to The central column 30 and the pumping plate 40.
  • the core of the invention is to provide a full-side open box car, which improves the efficiency of loading and unloading goods by optimizing the design of the door, improving the portability and flexibility of the door opening and closing.
  • orientation words “inside and outside” in this article are all set by the railway box car, and “inside” refers to the inside of the railway box car, that is, near the center of the car body. “Outside” refers to the exterior of the railway boxcar, that is, away from the center of the vehicle body; “Up” refers to the top direction of the railway boxcar, and “Bottom” refers to the bottom direction of the railcar box; it should be understood that these orientation words The occurrence is based on the usage habits of the equipment and should not affect the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an all-side open box car comprising a plurality of doors 50 and an opening and closing device 10 for opening and closing the door 50.
  • each of the doors 50 is sequentially arranged to form a side wall of the full-side open box car, and each of the doors 50 can be moved in the direction of the vehicle body; that is, one side wall of the full-side open box car can be
  • the open door 50 is composed and can be opened at any position.
  • the goods can be directly loaded and unloaded at different positions of the box car, and the work of transporting the goods from the door 50 to the car or the work of gradually moving the door to the door 50 is carried out.
  • the doors 50 are sequentially arranged and closed.
  • the opening and closing device 10 activates the door 50 to translate in the inner and outer directions, thereby causing the door 50 to be dislocated, and then pushing the door 50 to slide in the direction of the vehicle body, with the door 50 being They overlap each other and gradually open the all-side open box car.
  • the full-side open door 50 can open the door 50 easily and flexibly, and provides convenience for loading and unloading goods, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of loading and unloading goods.
  • the full-side open box car is provided with double-row slide rails (not shown) for sliding the door 50 in the direction of the vehicle body, the number of the door 50 is four, and the two doors 50 in the middle position Two opening and closing devices 10 are installed between them to activate the adjacent door 50 to translate in the inner and outer directions, respectively.
  • the door 50 arrangement of the all-side open box car can be optimized, and the convenience and flexibility of loading and unloading goods at different positions of the vehicle body can be fully guaranteed.
  • the full-side open box car adopting the above structure can realize various door opening methods, for example,
  • the two doors 50 in the intermediate position are simultaneously displaced from the other two doors 50 by the opening and closing device 10, and then the two doors 50 are slid to both ends, so that the intermediate position of the vehicle body can be opened, and the doors 50 at both ends are slid in the middle to open the body.
  • the middle two doors 50 and one end door 50 can be slid to the other end to open one end of the vehicle body.
  • opening and closing device 10 is optimized, as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 .
  • the opening and closing device 10 includes an upper transmission mechanism 11, a lower transmission mechanism 12, and a middle transmission mechanism 13.
  • the upper transmission mechanism 11 is disposed above the door 50 for pushing the upper portion of the door 50 to translate in the inner and outer directions;
  • the lower transmission mechanism 12 is disposed below the door 50 to push the lower portion of the door 50 to translate in the inner and outer directions;
  • the middle transmission mechanism 13 One end is connected to the upper transmission mechanism 11, and the other end is connected to the lower transmission mechanism 12, and the intermediate transmission mechanism 13 can drive the upper transmission mechanism 11 and the lower transmission mechanism 12 to move together to push the door 50 to translate in the inner and outer directions.
  • the opening and closing device 10 can synchronously open and close the upper and lower portions of the door 50 to smoothly shift from the inner side to the outer side, so that the two closed doors 50 are staggered, and then one of the doors 50 is pushed and pulled to realize the whole. Opening of the side opening box door 50; during the closing process, the coincident doors 50 reach a completely separated state (arranged in the direction of the vehicle body), and the opening and closing device 10 simultaneously pushes the upper and lower portions of the door 50 to translate from the outside to the inside, thereby closing the two adjacent doors 50. The gap between the ends completely closes the door 50 of the full-side open box car.
  • the opening and closing device 10 By means of the opening and closing device 10, on the one hand, the upper part and the lower part of the door 50 can be simultaneously pushed to achieve a smooth translation; on the other hand, the central transmission mechanism 13 can be used to initiate the translation of the door 50 in the inner and outer directions, and the operation is simple. Convenience.
  • the synchronous action described above refers to the upper transmission mechanism 11 and the lower transmission mechanism 12 simultaneously pushing the corresponding portions of the door 50 from the inside to the outside or from the outside to the inside.
  • the upper transmission mechanism 11 includes an upper transmission shaft 111, an upper pushing member fixed to the upper transmission shaft 111, and an upper shaft base 113.
  • the upper axle seat 113 is fixed to the steel structure of the full-side open box car to provide support for the upper transmission mechanism 11, and both ends of the upper transmission shaft 111 are transferred to the upper axle base 113, that is, the upper transmission shaft 111 can The upper shaft seat 113 of the opposite ends rotates; the middle transmission mechanism 13 is fixedly connected with the upper transmission shaft 111 to The upper transmission shaft 111 is driven to rotate, and the upper pushing member is driven to rotate, thereby pushing the upper portion of the door 50.
  • the lower transmission mechanism 12 is optimally designed to include a lower transmission shaft 121, a lower pusher fixed to the lower drive shaft 121, and a lower axle mount 123.
  • the lower shaft seat 123 is fixed to the steel structure of the full-side open box car for providing support for the lower transmission mechanism 12. Both ends of the lower transmission shaft 121 are transferred to the lower shaft base 123, that is, the lower transmission shaft 121 can be opposite to the two ends.
  • the lower shaft seat 123 rotates; the middle transmission mechanism 13 is fixedly coupled to the lower transmission shaft 121, thereby driving the lower transmission shaft 121 to rotate, and driving the lower pushing member to rotate, so that the lower pushing member pushes the lower portion of the door 50 to cooperate with the upper transmission mechanism 11
  • the translation of the door 50 is achieved together.
  • the middle transmission mechanism 13 is optimally designed, including an upper link, a lower link 133, and a reversing shaft 135 connecting the upper link and the lower link 133, the upper link being connected to the upper drive shaft.
  • the upper crank 114 of the 111 and the lower link 133 are coupled to the lower crank 124 of the lower drive shaft 121.
  • the middle transmission mechanism 13 is provided with an operating handle 136.
  • the operating handle 136 is disposed at the position of the reversing shaft 135.
  • the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod 133 are provided with corresponding action directions under the action of the reversing shaft 135.
  • the power of the upper link drives the upper rotating shaft and the lower link 133 to drive the lower rotating shaft.
  • the translation of the door 50 is realized simply and conveniently.
  • the upper pusher member is an upper shifting fork 112 in which a fork that pushes the door 50 from the outer to the inner side is provided with a pressing fork.
  • the upper fork 112 pushes the door 50 to push the door 50 from the outside to the inside, the door 50 is in the closed state, and the pressing fork is still pressed against the upper portion of the door 50 to prevent the vehicle body from shaking and the door 50 being translated and opened, thereby effectively ensuring The tightness of the door 50 is closed.
  • the pressing fork can be formed by bending the fork of the corresponding side toward the door 50, and the pressing fork can also be welded at the end of the fork. Further, the form of the pressing fork is not limited to the structural form in the specific embodiment, and it is only necessary to make it possible to press the upper portion of the door 50 to ensure a reliable closed state.
  • the upper portion of the door 50 is fixedly connected to the baffle 115, and the abutting plate 115 extends from the upper end of the door 50.
  • One side of the protruding end is in pressing contact with the pressing fork, and the other side is in contact with the other fork. That is, the upper fork 112 pushes the door 50 by pushing the abutment flap 115 fixed to the upper portion of the door 50.
  • the operation of the door 50 is realized by the abutting flap 115 and the upper fork 112 repeatedly abutting, and on the one hand, the door 50 can be protected, and the upper fork 112 can be prevented from repeatedly damaging the door 50 to cause damage. It is also ensured that the upper end of the door 50 and the upper transmission shaft 111 have a certain space to avoid interference of the door 50 with other members such as the upper link.
  • a nylon member 116 is fixed to both sides of the abutting plate 115 for contacting the upper fork 112 to avoid a strong collision and to improve the service life of the upper fork 112 and the abutting plate 115.
  • the lower pushing member is a three-track fork 122 including three divided rails.
  • the bottom of the door 50 is disposed with a pulley 51 sliding along the rail, and a double-row sliding rail for guiding the pulley 51.
  • the pulley 51 is provided with a three-track fork.
  • the split rail and the slide rail of the 122 are matched with the inner ring groove. Thus, the rail can restrict the movement of the pulley 51 in the inner and outer directions.
  • the three-way shift fork 122 can realize the rail change of the corresponding door 50, and also promote the movement of the door 50 in the inner and outer directions; in addition, the double-row slide rail of the door 50 can be kept in communication state in real time, The door 50 is secured along the body.
  • the number of the three-way shifting forks 122 may be two, three or more.
  • the specific number and the set position should be set according to the pulley 51 of the door 50, the number of which is the same as the number of the pulleys 51, and the setting position should be at the door 50. In the closed state, it corresponds to the corresponding pulley 51.
  • the three-track fork 122 can be used to drive the translation of the door 50, which is stable and reliable.
  • the lower drive shaft 121 is fixed with a door stop 125, and the door stop 125 is Blocking the outside of the door 50 provides further protection for limiting the position of the door 50, effectively preventing the movement of the door 50 when the limit of the three-track fork 122 fails or is unstable.
  • the upper link includes a first link 131, a second link 132 and a middle crank 134, wherein the first link 131 is fixedly connected to the upper crank 114, the second link 132 is connected to the lower link 133, and the middle crank 134 is connected.
  • a link 131 and a second link 132, the first link 131 and the second link 132 both rotate about the middle crank 134 to transmit the power of the middle transmission mechanism 13.
  • the first link 131 and the second link 132 are disposed along the bending direction of the door 50, that is, the first link 131 and the second link 132 are substantially adjacent to the inner side plate of the door 50. Settings. In this way, the angle of the upper portion of the door 50 can be effectively utilized, and the maximum loading space of the all-side open box car can be improved.
  • the upper portion of the first link 131 is sequentially bent twice in the direction of the door 50 so that the end portion is connected to the upper crank 114 to avoid connection interference.
  • the lower end of the lower link 133 is bent to connect the lower crank 124, reducing the operating force of the operating handle 136, further improving the force and making the operation easier.
  • connection center of the lower bending section and the lower crank 124 and the center of rotation of the lower pushing member are formed such that the angle between the connecting line and the horizontal plane is half of the corner of the lower pushing member.
  • the corner of the lower pusher refers to the angle at which the lower pusher rotates when the door 50 is pushed by the inner slide rail in the closed state to the outer slide rail.
  • the all-side open box car further includes a steering lock device 20 for controlling the operating handle 136 in the opening and closing device 10 to be in a locked state to improve the stability of the closed and open state of the door 50.
  • the steering lock device 20 will be described in detail in conjunction with FIGS. 6 to 8.
  • actuating lock device 20 is shown to lock the two operating handles 136, thereby limiting the continued movement of the transmission mechanism, thereby ensuring that the door 50 is stably and completely closed; when the operating handle 136 is rotated to open the position of the door 50, It is locked in the steering lock device 20 installed at this position.
  • the steering lock device 20 includes a lock body 21, two lock cylinders 22, and an elastic member 23, wherein The elastic member 23 connects the ends of the two lock cylinders 22, so that the two lock cylinders 22 can move in opposite directions under the action of the elastic member 23.
  • the lock body 21 is provided with a mounting groove for arranging two lock cylinders 22, two The lock cylinder 22 is limited to be located in the installation slot and movable in the installation slot; the front end of each lock cylinder 22 is locked with the bottom of the mounting groove and the side wall of the corresponding side to lock the corresponding side operation handle 136 Zone 20A.
  • the lock When the operation handle 136 is rotated to the operation lock device 20, the lock is touched and the lock is pressed to move toward the other lock, and the elastic member 23 is pressed, thereby opening the operation lock device 20, and the operation handle 136 is entered.
  • the locking area 20A when the operating handle 136 enters the locking area 20A, disengages from the head end of the locking head, and the locking head rapidly moves to the locking position under the restoring force of the elastic member 23 to reliably operate the operating handle 136
  • the limit is located in the lock area 20A. In this way, when the full-side open box car vibrates or the operating handle 136 is impacted, it can still be stably limited to the locking area 20A, avoiding a large rotation, and effectively ensuring the stability of the door 50 being closed and opened.
  • the lock head is optimally designed, and the head end of the lock head is provided with a curved surface of the steering operation handle 136 which slides in and slides out of the lock area 20A. In this way, by matching the curved surface of the head end with the cylindrical operation handle 136, the locking process and the smoothness and smoothness of the opening process can be improved.
  • the lock body 21 includes a lock frame 211, a lock cover 212 and a lock base 213.
  • the lock frame 211 is provided with a U-shaped groove, and one end of the lock cover 212 and the lock seat 213 is fixed to the opposite outer side of the bottom end of the U-shaped groove, and is combined.
  • the lock cover 212 and the lock base 213 are fixed to the bottom end side of the U-shaped groove, and are disposed opposite to each other to block a partial side opening of the U-shaped groove.
  • the three form a mounting groove for supporting the limit lock head, and the side wall and the head end of the U-shaped groove form a locking area 20A, that is, the side wall of the U-shaped groove is the above-mentioned bottom of the mounting groove and the head of the lock core 22
  • the ends enclose a corresponding side wall of the locking region 20A.
  • the lock can extend or retract into the edge of the lock cover 212 during locking or opening. This arrangement can effectively support the stable movement of the lock, thereby improving the stability of the locking and opening process.
  • each of the lock heads is provided with a lock pin 221, and at the same time, the lock cover 212 opens a guide groove into which the lock pin 221 is inserted.
  • the lock pin 221 is pressed against the inner side wall of the end of the guide groove, thereby limiting the lock to the position of the lock operation handle 136; when the lock is required, the operation handle 136 is manually rotated.
  • the lock pin 221 moves along the guide groove to guide the two lock heads to move close to each other and retract into the lock cover 212 to open the operation lock device 20.
  • the guiding groove includes two oblong holes 2121, and the two oblong holes 2121 are respectively guided to the locking pins 221 on the corresponding side of the limit, so as to avoid interference between the two locking pins 221 when moving close to each other.
  • the length of the two oblong holes 2121 is the stroke from the lock lock position to the unlock position, so that not only the lock position but also the position where the lock head is retracted can be defined, that is, the open position of the lock device 20 is ensured.
  • the two ends of the oblong hole 2121 are semi-circular arc surfaces, which are convenient to process and can be attached to the cylindrical locking pin 221 to avoid damage of the bump.
  • the elastic member 23 is provided with a predetermined amount of compression so that it can be locked
  • the lock head is pushed in the closing direction so that the lock head can be retracted into the lock cover 212 to open the operation lock device 20 only under a certain reverse force.
  • the elastic member 23 can be a spring, and can also be a spring piece or other form of elastic member.
  • the full-side open box car is further provided with a suction plate 40, and the two central columns 30 are provided with guide rails for insertion and withdrawal.
  • the suction plate 40 can be pulled along the guide rail to cover the operation lock device 20 and the operation handle 136, that is, the accommodation control lock is formed by the suction plate 40, the wall plate and the two central pillars 30.
  • the device 20 and the housing of the operating handle 136 function as a guard.
  • the door 50 of the full-side open box car adopts the door 50 of aluminum alloy profile structure, has small self-weight, strong anti-expansion ability, good workmanship and beautiful appearance.

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Abstract

一种全侧开式棚车，包括多个可沿车身方向移动的车门（50）、启动所述车门开闭的开闭装置（10）。关闭时，各所述车门（50）依次排列形成所述全侧开式棚车的一侧壁，打开时，所述开闭装置（10）启动所述车门（50）内外方向平移，以使所述车门（50）相错并沿车身方向移动，打开所述全侧开式棚车的相应位置。通过对车门组件的优化设计，提升车门开启、关闭的轻便性、灵活性，为提升装卸货物效率提供保障。

Description

全侧开式棚车
本申请要求于2015年12月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为201511017142.X、发明名称为“全侧开式棚车”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及铁路棚车技术领域，特别涉及一种全侧开式棚车。
背景技术
棚车是铁路货车中通用车辆，广泛用于运输各种货物。随着我国铁路货车不断的发展，对棚车在装卸货物快速便捷的要求越来越高。
现有技术中，棚车通常在车身中间设置单门结构，在装卸货物时，仅能由此门进行装卸，由于棚车车身较长，装卸货物量大，采用此种结构的棚车时，车门打开空间小且开门位置固定，需将货物在车门口处与两端位置推运，费时费力，装卸效率低。
有鉴于此，如何对棚车的车门组件进行优化设计，使其能够轻便、灵活地开启、关闭，为装卸货物提供便利是本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的为提供一种全侧开式棚车，通过对车门组件的优化设计，提升车门开启、关闭的轻便性、灵活性，为提升装卸货物效率提供保障。
本发明提供一种全侧开式棚车，包括多个可沿车身方向移动的车门、启动所述车门开闭的开闭装置；关闭时，各所述车门依次排列形成所述全侧开式棚车的一侧壁，打开时，所述开闭装置启动所述车门内外方向平移，以使所述车门相错并沿车身方向移动，打开所述全侧开式棚车的相应位置。
可选地，所述开闭装置包括：
上部传动机构，设置于所述车门的上方，推动所述车门的上部沿内外方向平移；
下部传动机构，设置于所述车门的下方，推动所述车门的下部沿内外方向平移；
中部传动机构，一端连接所述上部传动机构，另一端连接所述下部传动机构，所述中部传动机构驱动所述上部传动机构和所述下部传动机构同步动作以推动所述车门平移。
可选地，所述上部传动机构包括上部传动轴、固定于所述上部传动轴的上部拨叉和上部轴座；所述上部轴座固定于所述全侧开式棚车，所述上部传动轴的两端与所述上部轴座转动连接，所述中部传动机构固连所述上部传动轴，所述上部传动轴带动所述上部拨叉推动所述车门的上部平移。
可选地，所述上部拨叉中推动所述车门由外向内平移的分叉设有抵压叉，关门状态，所述抵压叉紧压所述车门的上部。
可选地，所述车门的上部固连抵挡板，所述抵挡板伸出所述车门的上端，一侧面与所述抵压叉紧压接触，另一侧面与另一分叉抵接。
可选地，所述下部传动机构包括下部传动轴、固定于所述下部传动轴的下部推动件和下部轴座，所述下部传动轴固定于所述全侧开式棚车，所述下部传动轴的两端与所述下部轴座转动连接，所述中部传动机构固连所述下部传动轴，所述下部传动轴带动所述下部推动件推动所述车门的下部平移。
可选地，所述下部推动件为三轨拨叉，所述车门的数量为四个，所述车门的底部安置滑轮、导向所述滑轮滑动的双排滑轨；所述滑轮设有与所述三轨拨叉的分轨、所述滑轨匹配的内凹环槽；所述车门关闭状态，所述三轨拨叉与所述滑轮一一对应，且所述滑轮位于所述三轨拨叉的中间分轨；所述车门打开、关闭状态，中间位置的分轨与另一分轨导通相应排的所述滑轨。
可选地，中间位置的两个所述车门之间安装两个所述开闭装置，分别启动相邻的所述车门沿内外方向平移。
可选地，所述中部传动机构包括上连杆、下连杆，连接所述上连杆和所述下连杆的换向轴；所述上部传动轴固设有与所述上连杆连接的上部曲柄，所述下部传动轴固设有与所述下连杆连接的下部曲柄。
可选地，所述上连杆包括固定于所述上部曲柄的第一连杆、连接所述下连杆的第二连杆、中部曲柄，所述中部曲柄连接所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆沿所述车门弯折方向设置。
可选地，所述中部传动机构设有驱动所述上部传动机构、所述下部传动机构同步动作的操作手柄。
可选地，还包括操纵锁装置，所述操纵锁装置设有锁本体、两个锁芯和弹性件，所述弹性件连接两个所述锁芯的末端，所述锁本体设有安置两个所述锁芯的安装槽，每个所述锁芯的头端均与所述安装槽的底部、对应侧的侧壁围成锁闭对应侧所述开闭装置的操作手柄的锁闭区，所述头端相对所述安装槽的侧壁运动，以锁闭、打开所述操纵锁装置。
可选地，所述锁本体包括锁架、锁盖及锁座，所述锁架开设有U型槽，所述锁盖与所述锁座的一端固定于所述U型槽底端相对的外侧面，三者形成支撑限位所述锁芯的所述安装槽，所述U型槽的侧壁与所述头端形成所述锁闭区。
本发明提供一种全侧开式棚车，包括多个车门、启动车门开闭的开闭装置。与现有技术相比，各个车门依次排列形成全侧开式棚车的一侧壁，且各个车门均可沿车身方向移动；也就是说，该全侧开式棚车的一侧壁由能够打开的车门组成，且任何位置的均可开启。能够在棚车不同位置直接装卸货物，而规避将货物由车门口装上车后的搬运工作或由车身的两端逐渐向车门口搬运的工作。在关闭状态时，车门依次排列闭合，需要打开车门时，开闭装置启动车门沿内外方向平移，从而使车门相错，再推动车门沿车身方向滑动，随着车门的相互重合，逐渐打开全侧开式棚车。该全侧开式车门能够简便、灵活的开启车门，为装卸货物提供了便利，有效提升了装卸货物效率。
附图说明
图1为具体实施例中全侧开式棚车的结构示意图；
图2为具体实施例中车门关闭状态下开闭装置与对应车门连接的结构示意图；
图3为图2的侧视图；
图4为图3中上部拨叉与车门的关系示意图；
图5为图3中三轨拨叉与车门的关系示意图；
图6为具体实施例中全侧开式棚车的操纵锁装置锁闭操作手柄的示意图；
图7为图6中所示的操纵锁装置；
图8为操纵锁装置内部结构示意图。
其中，图1至图8中的附图标记与部件名称之间的对应关系为：
开闭装置10；
上部传动机构11；
上部传动轴111、上部拨叉112、上部轴座113、上部曲柄114、抵挡板115、尼龙件116；
下部传动机构12；
下部传动轴121、三轨拨叉122、下部轴座123、下部曲柄124、门挡125；
中部传动机构13；
第一连杆131、第二连杆132、下连杆133、中部曲柄134、换向轴135、操作手柄136；
操纵锁装置20；
锁本体21、锁芯22、弹性件23；
锁架211、锁盖212、锁座213、锁销221、长圆孔2121；
锁闭区20A；
车门50、滑轮51；
中部立柱30、抽板40。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心为提供一种全侧开式棚车，通过对车门的优化设计，提升车门开启、关闭的轻便性、灵活性，为提升装卸货物效率提供保障。
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
需要说明的是，本文中的方位词“内、外”“上、下”均是以铁路棚车而设定的，“内”指的是靠向铁路棚车的内部，即靠近车身的中心方向，“外”指的是铁路棚车的外部，即远离车身的中心方向；“上”指的是铁路棚车的顶部方向，“下”指的是铁路棚车的底部方向；应当理解的是，这些方位词的出现均是以设备的使用习惯为基准，不应当影响本发明的保护范围。
如图1所示，本发明提供一种全侧开式棚车，包括多个车门50、启动车门50开闭的开闭装置10。与现有技术相比，各个车门50依次排列形成全侧开式棚车的一侧壁，且各个车门50均可沿车身方向移动；也就是说，该全侧开式棚车的一侧壁由能够打开的车门50组成，且任何位置的均可开启。能够在棚车不同位置直接装卸货物，而规避将货物由车门50口装上车后的搬运工作或由车身的两端逐渐向车门50口搬运的工作。在关闭状态时，车门50依次排列闭合，需要打开车门50时，开闭装置10启动车门50沿内外方向平移，从而使车门50相错，再推动车门50沿车身方向滑动，随着车门50的相互重合，逐渐打开全侧开式棚车。该全侧开式车门50能够简便、灵活的开启车门50，为装卸货物提供了便利，有效提升了装卸货物效率。
在一种具体实施方式中，全侧开式棚车设置供车门50沿车身方向滑动的双排滑轨(图中未示出)，车门50的数量为四个，且中间位置的两个车门50之间安装两个开闭装置10，分别启动相邻的车门50沿内外方向平移。
如此设置，能够最优化全侧开式棚车的车门50布置，并充分为在车身的不同位置装卸货物的便捷性、灵活性提供保障。
另外，采用上述结构的全侧开式棚车能够实现多种开门方式，例如， 通过开闭装置10将中间位置两个车门50同时与其他两个车门50错开，然后向两端滑动该两个车门50，能够打开车身中间位置，而将两端的车门50向中间滑动可打开车身的两端位置，还可将中间两车门50及端部一个车门50向另一端滑动而打开车身一端。当然，还有打开其他位置的方式，只需根据需求而滑动车门50均可。
进一步地，对开闭装置10进行优化设计，具体请参见图2至图5。
在一种具体实施例中，如图2所示，该开闭装置10包括上部传动机构11、下部传动机构12和中部传动机构13。其中，上部传动机构11安置于车门50上方，用于推动车门50的上部沿内外方向平移；下部传动机构12安置于车门50下方，推动车门50的下部沿内外方向平移；而中部传动机构13的一端连接上部传动机构11，另一端连接下部传动机构12，通过该中部传动机构13能够驱动上部传动机构11和下部传动机构12动作，从而使其一起推动车门50沿内外方向平移。
车门50打开过程，开闭装置10能够同步开闭装置10能够同步推动车门50的上部、下部由内向外方向平稳平移，从而使闭合的两个车门50错开，再推拉其中一个车门50而实现全侧开式棚车车门50的打开；关闭过程，重合的车门50到达完全分开状态(沿车身方向排列)，开闭装置10同时推动车门50上部、下部由外向内平移，从而闭合两相邻车门50间的间隙，最终完全关闭全侧开式棚车的车门50。通过该开闭装置10，一方面，能够对车门50的上部、下部同时推动，实现平稳的平移；另一方面，仅通过中部传动机构13即可启动车门50的沿内外方向平移，操作简单、方便。
上述同步动作指的是上部传动机构11、下部传动机构12同时由内向外或者由外向内推动车门50的相应部位。
如图3和图4所示，上部传动机构11包括上部传动轴111、固定于上部传动轴111的上部推动件和上部轴座113。其中，上部轴座113固定于全侧开式棚车的钢结构上，使其为上部传动机构11提供支撑，而上部传动轴111的两端转接上部轴座113，即该上部传动轴111能够相对两端的上部轴座113转动；中部传动机构13与上部传动轴111固连，以 驱动上部传动轴111转动，并带动其上部推动件转动，进而使其推动车门50的上部。
如图3和图5所示，对下部传动机构12进行优化设计，其包括下部传动轴121、固定于下部传动轴121的下部推动件和下部轴座123。下部轴座123固定于全侧开式棚车的钢结构上，用于为下部传动机构12提供支撑，下部传动轴121的两端转接下部轴座123，即该下部传动轴121能够相对两端的下部轴座123转动；中部传动机构13与下部传动轴121固连，从而驱动下部传动轴121转动，并带动其下部推动件转动，进而使下部推动件推动车门50的下部，配合上部传动机构11一起实现车门50的平移。
如图3所示，对中部传动机构13进行优化设计，其包括上连杆、下连杆133及连接上连杆和下连杆133的换向轴135，其上连杆连接于上部传动轴111的上部曲柄114，而下连杆133连接于下部传动轴121的下部曲柄124。
中部传动机构13设有操作手柄136，该操作手柄136设置于换向轴135位置，当转动操作手柄136时，在换向轴135的作用下为上连杆和下连杆133提供相应动作方向的动力，从而上连杆带动上部转动轴、下连杆133带动下部转动轴。
通过上述实施方式中的上部传动机构11、下部传动机构12和中部传动机构13的配合，简单便捷的实现车门50的平移。
进一步对该开闭装置10的各个机构进行优化设计。
在一种具体实施例中，上部推动件为上部拨叉112，该上部拨叉112中推动车门50由外向内平移的分叉设有抵压叉。如此，当上部拨叉112推动车门50由外向内推动车门50后，车门50处于关闭状态，此时抵压叉仍紧压与车门50的上部，避免车体晃动而车门50平移打开，有效确保车门50关闭的严密性。
该抵压叉可由相应侧的分叉向车门50方向折弯形成，还可在分叉的末端焊接该抵压叉。并且，抵压叉的形式并不局限于具体实施例中的结构形式，只需使其能够紧压车门50的上部，确保可靠的关闭状态即可。
进一步地，该车门50的上部固连以抵挡板115，该抵挡板115伸出车门50的上端，该伸出端的一侧面与抵压叉紧压接触，另一侧面与另一分叉抵接；也就是说，上部拨叉112通过推动固定于车门50上部的抵挡板115来推动车门50。如此设置，通过该抵挡板115与上部拨叉112进行反复的抵接拨动而实现车门50的动作，一方面能够保护车门50，避免上部拨叉112反复拨动车门50产生损伤，另一方面，还可确保车门50的上端与上部传动轴111具有一定的空间，避免车门50与上连杆等其他构件的干涉。
该抵挡板115的两侧面均固定有尼龙件116，用于与上部拨叉112接触，避免产生激烈的碰撞，提升上部拨叉112与抵挡板115的使用寿命。
下部推动件为包括三个分轨的三轨拨叉122，车门50的底部安置沿分轨滑动的滑轮51、导向该滑轮51滑动的双排滑轨；其滑轮51设有与三轨拨叉122的分轨、滑轨匹配的内凹环槽，如此，分轨能够限制滑轮51内外方向移动。
在关闭状态下，车门50的所有滑轮51均位于中间位置的分轨上，此时三轨拨叉122中的中间位置的分轨连通车门50的内侧滑轨，而三轨拨叉122外侧的分轨连通车门50的外侧滑轨。车门50由内侧向外侧平移时，三轨拨叉122在下部传动轴121的作用下向外转动，从而使中间位置的分轨连通车门50的外侧滑轨，而三轨拨叉122内侧的分轨连通车门50的内侧滑轨。
如此设置，通过该三轨拨叉122能够使对应的车门50实现换轨，同时也推动了车门50沿内外方向的移动；另外，还可使车门50的双排滑轨实时保持连通状态，为车门50沿车身滑动而提供保障。
三轨拨叉122设置的数量可为两个、三个或多个，具体数量及设置的位置应根据车门50的滑轮51而设定，其数量与滑轮51数量相同，设置位置应在车门50关闭状态下恰于相应滑轮51对应。如此设置，能够实现三轨拨叉122带动车门50的平移，稳定可靠。
在具体实施例中，下部传动轴121固定有门挡125，该门挡125抵 挡于车门50的外侧，从而为限定车门50的位置提供进一步的保障，有效避免三轨拨叉122的限位作用失效或不稳定时车门50发生移动。
上连杆包括第一连杆131、第二连杆132和中部曲柄134，其中，第一连杆131与上部曲柄114固定连接、第二连杆132连接下连杆133、中部曲柄134连接第一连杆131和第二连杆132，第一连杆131和第二连杆132均绕中部曲柄134旋转，以传动中部传动机构13的动力。
并且，如图3所示，第一连杆131和第二连杆132沿车门50弯折方向设置，也就是说，第一连杆131和第二连杆132大致贴近车门50的内侧板连接设置。如此，能够有效利用车门50上部的角度，提高全侧开式棚车的最大装货空间。
而第一连杆131的上段向车门50的方向依次折弯两次，以使端部连接上部曲柄114，避免连接干涉。
如图5所示，下连杆133的下端折弯连接下部曲柄124，减小操作手柄136的操作力，进一步改善受力，使操作更加简便。
下折弯段和下部曲柄124的连接中心、下部推动件的转动中心，两者连接形成的连线与水平面的夹角为下部推动件转角的一半。如此设置，能够使车门50关闭位置、推至外侧滑轨位置的上述连接中心位于同一竖直方向上，进一步改善受力状态，减小操作手柄136的操作力。
上述下部推动件的转角指的是，当车门50由关闭状态的内侧滑轨推动到外侧滑轨时，下部推动件转过的角度。
针对上述实施例，该全侧开式棚车还包括操纵锁装置20，用于控制开闭装置10中的操作手柄136处于锁闭状态，提升车门50关闭、打开状态的稳定性。
结合图6至图8，对操纵锁装置20进行详细阐述。
图6中示出了操纵锁装置20锁闭两个操作手柄136，从而限制传动机构的继续运动，进而确保车门50稳定地、完全处于关闭状态；操作手柄136旋转至打开车门50位置时，同样被锁闭于安装在此位置的操纵锁装置20内。
该操纵锁装置20包括锁本体21、两个锁芯22和弹性件23，其中， 该弹性件23连接两个锁芯22的末端，从而可使两个锁芯22在弹性件23的作用下向相反方向移动；锁本体21设有安置两个锁芯22的安装槽，两个锁芯22限位于安装槽内，并可在该安装槽内移动；每个锁芯22的头端均与安装槽的底部、对应侧的侧壁围成锁闭对应侧操作手柄136的锁闭区20A。
当操作手柄136转动至该操纵锁装置20时，碰触锁头并挤压锁头向另一锁头方向移动，并压紧弹性件23，从而打开该操纵锁装置20，使操作手柄136进入锁闭区20A；当操作手柄136进入锁闭区20A后，与锁头的头端脱离，锁头在弹性件23的恢复力的作用下迅速运动到锁闭位置，以将操作手柄136可靠的限位于锁闭区20A内。如此，当全侧开式棚车发生震动或者操作手柄136受到冲击时，仍能够稳定的限位于锁闭区20A，避免发生大幅度的转动，有效保证车门50关闭、打开的稳定性。
进一步地，对锁头进行优化设计，其锁头的头端设有导向操作手柄136滑入、滑出锁闭区20A的弧面。如此设置，通过头端的弧面与圆柱形操作手柄136相配合，能够提升锁闭过程、打开过程的顺畅性、平缓性。
上述锁本体21包括锁架211、锁盖212及锁座213，其锁架211开设有U型槽，锁盖212与锁座213的一端固定于该U型槽底端相对的外侧面，结合图7和图8所示，其锁盖212与锁座213固定在U型槽的底端侧面，并且两者相对设置，遮挡U型槽的部分侧开口。三者形成支撑限位锁头的安装槽，其U型槽的侧壁与头端形成锁闭区20A，也就是说，该U型槽的侧壁为上述与安装槽底部、锁芯22头端围成锁闭区20A的相应侧壁。在锁闭或打开过程中，锁头能够伸出或缩入锁盖212的边缘。如此设置，能够有效支撑锁头稳定的移动，进而提升锁闭、打开过程的稳定性。
在具体实施例中，每个锁头的一侧面均设有锁销221，同时，锁盖212开设供锁销221插入的导槽。如图6所示，在锁闭状态下，锁销221抵压于导槽的端部内侧壁，从而将锁头限位于锁闭操作手柄136位置；当需要开锁时，人工转动操作手柄136，与锁头的头端接触并挤压锁头， 锁销221沿导槽移动，从而导向两个锁头靠近运动，并缩入锁盖212，以打开操纵锁装置20。当操作手柄136脱离锁头的头端后，在弹性件23的作用下，锁销221沿导槽准确、稳定的移动至导槽的端部，恢复至锁闭状态。如此，提升了锁头动作的准确性、稳定性。
进一步地，导向槽包括两个长圆孔2121，两个长圆孔2121分别导向限位相应侧的锁销221，如此设置，能够避免两个锁销221在靠近移动时发生干扰。
两个长圆孔2121的长度均为锁头锁闭位置至开锁位置的行程，如此，不仅能够进一步确保锁闭位置，还能够限定锁头缩入的位置，即确保操纵锁装置20的打开位置。
同时，长圆孔2121的两端为半圆弧面，加工方便，且能够与圆柱形锁销221贴合，避免磕碰发生损伤。
为了避免操作手柄136在轻微受力下滑出锁闭区20A，确保操纵锁装置20完全锁闭操作手柄136，在锁闭状态下，设置弹性件23具有预定的压缩量，从而使其能够向锁闭方向推压锁头，使锁头只有在一定反向力下才能够缩入锁盖212打开操纵锁装置20。
该弹性件23可为弹簧，还可为弹片或者其他形式的弹性部件。
该全侧开式棚车还设有抽板40，两中部立柱30设有供插入、抽离的导轨。当不需操纵该传动够的操作手柄136时，可将抽板40沿导轨拉动以遮盖操纵锁装置20及操作手柄136，即通过抽板40、壁板及两中部立柱30形成容置操纵锁装置20及操作手柄136的箱体，起到防护装置的作用。
该全侧开式棚车的车门50均采用铝合金型材结构的车门50，自重小、抗外胀能力强、工艺性好、外观美观。
以上对本发明所提供的全侧开式棚车进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种全侧开式棚车，其特征在于，包括多个可沿车身方向移动的车门(50)、启动所述车门(50)开闭的开闭装置(10)；关闭时，各所述车门(50)依次排列形成所述全侧开式棚车的一侧壁，打开时，所述开闭装置(10)启动所述车门(50)内外方向平移，以使所述车门(50)相错并沿车身方向移动，打开所述全侧开式棚车的相应位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的全侧开式棚车，其特征在于，所述开闭装置(10)包括：
    上部传动机构(11)，设置于所述车门(50)的上方，推动所述车门(50)的上部沿内外方向平移；
    下部传动机构(12)，设置于所述车门(50)的下方，推动所述车门(50)的下部沿内外方向平移；
    中部传动机构(13)，一端连接所述上部传动机构(11)，另一端连接所述下部传动机构(12)，所述中部传动机构(13)驱动所述上部传动机构(11)和所述下部传动机构(12)同步动作以推动所述车门(50)平移。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的全侧开式棚车，其特征在于，所述上部传动机构(11)包括上部传动轴(111)、固定于所述上部传动轴(111)的上部拨叉(112)和上部轴座(113)；所述上部轴座(113)固定于所述全侧开式棚车，所述上部传动轴(111)的两端与所述上部轴座(113)转动连接，所述中部传动机构(13)固连所述上部传动轴(111)，所述上部传动轴(111)带动所述上部拨叉(112)推动所述车门(50)的上部平移。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的全侧开式棚车，其特征在于，所述上部拨叉(112)中推动所述车门(50)由外向内平移的分叉设有抵压叉，关门状态，所述抵压叉紧压所述车门(50)的上部。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的全侧开式棚车，其特征在于，所述车门(50)的上部固连抵挡板(115)，所述抵挡板(115)伸出所述车门(50)的上端，一侧面与所述抵压叉紧压接触，另一侧面与另一分叉抵接。
  6. 根据权利要求3-5任一项所述的全侧开式棚车，其特征在于，所述下部传动机构(12)包括下部传动轴(121)、固定于所述下部传动轴(121)的下部推动件和下部轴座(123)，所述下部传动轴(121)固定于所述全侧开式棚车，所述下部传动轴(121)的两端与所述下部轴座(123)转动连接，所述中部传动机构(13)固连所述下部传动轴(121)，所述下部传动轴(121)带动所述下部推动件推动所述车门(50)的下部平移。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的全侧开式棚车，其特征在于，所述下部推动件为三轨拨叉(122)，所述车门(50)的数量为四个，所述车门(50)的底部安置滑轮(51)、导向所述滑轮(51)滑动的双排滑轨；所述滑轮(51)设有与所述三轨拨叉(122)的分轨、所述滑轨匹配的内凹环槽；所述车门(50)关闭状态，所述三轨拨叉(122)与所述滑轮(51)一一对应，且所述滑轮(51)位于所述三轨拨叉(122)的中间分轨；所述车门(50)打开、关闭状态，中间位置的分轨与另一分轨导通相应排的所述滑轨。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的全侧开式棚车，其特征在于，中间位置的两个所述车门(50)之间安装两个所述开闭装置(10)，分别启动相邻的所述车门(50)沿内外方向平移。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的全侧开式棚车，其特征在于，所述中部传动机构(13)包括上连杆、下连杆(133)，连接所述上连杆和所述下连杆(133)的换向轴(135)；所述上部传动轴(111)固设有与所述上连杆连接的上部曲柄(114)，所述下部传动轴(121)固设有与所述下连杆(133)连接的下部曲柄(124)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的全侧开式棚车，其特征在于，所述上连杆包括固定于所述上部曲柄(114)的第一连杆(131)、连接所述下连杆(133)的第二连杆(132)、中部曲柄(134)，所述中部曲柄(134)连接所述第一连杆(131)和所述第二连杆(132)沿所述车门(50)弯折方向设置。
  11. 根据权利要求2所述的全侧开式棚车，其特征在于，所述中部 传动机构(13)设有驱动所述上部传动机构(11)、所述下部传动机构(12)同步动作的操作手柄。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的全侧开式棚车，其特征在于，还包括操纵锁装置(20)，所述操纵锁装置(20)设有锁本体(21)、两个锁芯(22)和弹性件(23)，所述弹性件(23)连接两个所述锁芯(22)的末端，所述锁本体(21)设有安置两个所述锁芯(22)的安装槽，每个所述锁芯(22)的头端均与所述安装槽的底部、对应侧的侧壁围成锁闭对应侧所述开闭装置(10)的操作手柄(136)的锁闭区(20A)，所述头端相对所述安装槽的侧壁运动，以锁闭、打开所述操纵锁装置(20)。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的全侧开式棚车，其特征在于，所述锁本体(21)包括锁架(211)、锁盖(212)及锁座(213)，所述锁架(211)开设有U型槽，所述锁盖(212)与所述锁座(213)的一端固定于所述U型槽底端相对的外侧面，三者形成支撑限位所述锁芯(22)的所述安装槽，所述U型槽的侧壁与所述头端形成所述锁闭区(20A)。
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CN105480238A (zh) * 2015-12-29 2016-04-13 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司 全侧开式棚车

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EP3398827B1 (en) 2020-06-10
CN105480238B (zh) 2018-08-28
EP3398827A4 (en) 2019-09-11
US20180001909A1 (en) 2018-01-04
EP3398827A1 (en) 2018-11-07
CN105480238A (zh) 2016-04-13
US10696311B2 (en) 2020-06-30

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