WO2017078054A1 - RNAi分子とN-アセチル化キトサンとを含む複合体 - Google Patents
RNAi分子とN-アセチル化キトサンとを含む複合体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017078054A1 WO2017078054A1 PCT/JP2016/082545 JP2016082545W WO2017078054A1 WO 2017078054 A1 WO2017078054 A1 WO 2017078054A1 JP 2016082545 W JP2016082545 W JP 2016082545W WO 2017078054 A1 WO2017078054 A1 WO 2017078054A1
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- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
- A61K47/61—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule the organic macromolecular compound being a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7088—Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
- A61K31/713—Double-stranded nucleic acids or oligonucleotides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/113—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
- C12N15/1137—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing against enzymes
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/13—Transferases (2.) transferring sulfur containing groups (2.8)
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- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y208/00—Transferases transferring sulfur-containing groups (2.8)
- C12Y208/02—Sulfotransferases (2.8.2)
- C12Y208/02033—N-Acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase (2.8.2.33)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a complex comprising an RNAi molecule that suppresses the expression of the CHST15 gene and N-acetylated chitosan, a method for producing the same, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.
- inflammatory bowel disease Diseases that cause chronic inflammation or ulcers in the mucosa of the large and small intestine are collectively referred to as inflammatory bowel disease.
- Representative inflammatory bowel diseases include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, both of which are intractable diseases. Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease that mainly causes ulcers and erosions in the mucosa of the large intestine, and exhibits various systemic symptoms including hemorrhagic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.
- Crohn's disease is an inflammatory disease that causes ulcers and inflammation discontinuously across the digestive tract from the oral cavity to the anus, and exhibits systemic symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, chronic diarrhea, and nutritional disorders.
- Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 (also called GalNAc4S-6ST or N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase), which is a sulfotransferase, is a residue of GalNAc (4SO 4 ) of chondroitin sulfate-A (CS-A). It is a type II transmembrane Golgi protein that synthesizes highly sulfated chondroitin sulfate-E (CS-E) by transferring sulfate to the 6-position of the group.
- CHST15 also called GalNAc4S-6ST or N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase
- CS-A chondroitin sulfate-A
- It is a type II transmembrane Golgi protein that synthesizes highly sulfated chondroitin s
- the present inventors administered siRNA that suppresses the expression of CHST15 gene (CHST15 siRNA) to the animal model of colitis submucosally in the large intestine, resulting in a decrease in CHST15 gene expression in the large intestine, including suppression of ulcers, inflammation, and fibrosis.
- CHST15 siRNA siRNA that suppresses the expression of CHST15 gene
- nucleic acid drugs such as siRNA are easily degraded by enzymes such as nucleases, they are often administered locally, for example, by injection to the affected site or using a special drug delivery system.
- local administration is limited in the sites where it can be administered and requires administration by a doctor, development of a formulation that can be administered easily and minimally invasively to more sites, such as an oral administration formulation, is desired. .
- Chitosan is a high molecular weight polysaccharide that can be produced by deacetylation of chitin, the main component of the outer shell of arthropods such as crustaceans and insects, and the cell walls of fungi.
- Patent Documents 4 and 5 disclose siRNA delivery compositions comprising chitosan and siRNA. However, Patent Documents 4 and 5 do not describe at all about acetylating chitosan and combining the obtained acetylated chitosan with siRNA.
- Non-Patent Document 7 reports that a complex containing N-acetylated chitosan and plasmid DNA is delivered to the intestine by oral administration. However, Non-Patent Document 7 does not describe a complex in which an RNAi molecule such as siRNA is combined with N-acetylated chitosan.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a minimally invasive composition containing an RNAi molecule that suppresses the expression of the CHST15 gene.
- the present inventor surprisingly found that the complex containing siRNA that suppresses the expression of the CHST15 gene and N-acetylated chitosan was orally administered. Has been found to be efficiently delivered to the small intestine and large intestine to suppress the expression of the CHST15 gene, and to have a therapeutic effect on small intestinal inflammation and colitis, thereby completing the present invention.
- the present invention includes the following.
- [1] A complex comprising an RNAi molecule that suppresses the expression of the CHST15 gene and N-acetylated chitosan.
- [2] The complex according to [1], wherein the N-acetylated chitosan has a degree of acetylation of 70 to 100%.
- [3] The complex according to [1] or [2], wherein the RNAi molecule is siRNA.
- Any of [1] to [3], wherein the RNAi molecule comprises an antisense strand comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and a sense strand comprising a base sequence complementary to the antisense strand A complex according to any one of the above.
- [5] A method for producing a complex comprising an RNAi molecule that suppresses the expression of the CHST15 gene and N-acetylated chitosan, (a) mixing the RNAi molecule and chitosan to form a complex; (b) a step of drying the complex obtained in step (a), and (c) a step of acetylating chitosan in the dried complex obtained in step (b).
- a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing an inflammatory disease or mucosal disorder of the digestive tract comprising the complex according to any one of [1] to [4].
- the pharmaceutical composition according to [6] for oral administration or rectal administration.
- Endoscope for inflammatory disease or mucosal disorder is inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, esophagitis, gastroenteritis, NSAID-induced enteritis, intestinal Behcet's disease, simple ulcer, gastrointestinal cancer Artificial ulcer after surgical resection, enteritis associated with collagen disease, radiation-induced enteritis, ischemic enteritis, reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, drug-induced esophagitis or gastroenteritis, and drug-resistant or refractory peptic ulcer
- composition that can be administered minimally invasively, comprising an RNAi molecule that suppresses the expression of the CHST15 gene.
- DAI disease activity index
- NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- the present invention provides a complex comprising an RNAi molecule that suppresses the expression of the CHST15 gene and N-acetylated chitosan.
- the RNAi molecule used in the present invention can suppress the expression of the CHST15 gene.
- the CHST15 gene is not particularly limited, but may be derived from an animal, for example, a mammal (eg, human, monkey, cow, mouse, rat, dog, etc.).
- the base sequence of the human CHST15 gene can be obtained, for example, at GenBank accession number NM_015892.
- the nucleotide sequence of the human CHST15 gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, and the amino acid sequence of the CHST15 protein encoded by the gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
- the CHST15 protein has high identity (for example, 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more or 98% or more) with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6, and And a protein having the activity (for example, sulfate transfer activity) possessed by the protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
- the CHST15 gene includes a gene encoding such a CHST15 protein in non-human organisms.
- the CHST15 gene includes, for example, an endogenous CHST15 gene (such as an ortholog of the human CHST15 gene) in a non-human organism corresponding to the DNA consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.
- an endogenous CHST15 gene such as an ortholog of the human CHST15 gene
- Those skilled in the art can appropriately obtain the endogenous CHST15 gene in organisms other than humans based on the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.
- the endogenous CHST15 gene in non-human organisms is generally highly identical to the DNA shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 (eg 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more or 98% or more). ).
- the base sequences of mouse, rat, bovine, and dog CHST15 genes can be obtained at GenBank accession numbers NM_029935.5, NM_173310.3, XM_005225861.2, and XM_544058.6, respectively.
- sequence identity can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art. Determining sequence identity can include aligning two sequences. Suitable computer programs for performing such sequence alignments include, but are not limited to, Vector NTI® (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and ClustalW programs (Thompson JD, et al., Nucleic Acids Research 22 ( 22): 4673-4680; Larkin, et al., Bioinformatics 23 (21): 2947-2948 (2007)). The ClustalW program can be used, for example, on the DNA-Data-Bank-of-Japan (DDBJ) web page. After making the alignment, the percent sequence identity between the two sequences can be calculated. Typically, the software does this as part of the sequence comparison and generates a numerical result.
- DDBJ DNA-Data-Bank-of-Japan
- the RNAi molecule can suppress the expression of the CHST15 gene.
- ⁇ RNAi molecule '' refers to RNAi (RNA interference; RNA inteference) in vivo and suppresses the expression of the gene through degradation of the transcript of the target gene (CHST15 in the present invention) ( RNA molecules that can be silenced (Fire A. et al., Nature 391, 806-811 (1998)).
- RNAi molecules include siRNA and shRNA.
- RNA is an antisense strand comprising a sequence complementary to a part of the mRNA sequence of the target gene, and a sense strand comprising a sequence complementary to the antisense strand (homogeneous to a part of the sequence of the target gene). Is a double-stranded RNA formed by hybridization.
- shRNA refers to a single-stranded RNA in which the sense strand and antisense strand of the siRNA are linked by a short spacer sequence having an appropriate sequence.
- shRNA has a hairpin stem-loop structure as a whole molecule by forming a stem structure by pairing the sense region and the antisense region with each other within one molecule, and at the same time the spacer sequence forms a loop structure. Is forming.
- suppression of target gene expression refers to when target gene expression is determined using the mRNA or protein expression level of the gene as an index, when no RNAi molecule is introduced, or when an irrelevant control RNAi molecule is introduced. On the other hand, not only the case where it is suppressed 100% but also that it is suppressed 75% or more, 50% or more, or 20% or more.
- the mRNA expression level can be measured, for example, by Northern hybridization or real-time PCR, and the protein expression level can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art, for example, by Western blotting, ELISA, or protein activity measurement. Specific methods for measuring gene expression levels are also described in Green, MR and Sambrook, J, (2012) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual Fourth Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York .
- the sequence of the RNAi molecule can be appropriately designed by those skilled in the art based on the base sequence of the target gene (CHST15 gene).
- the sequence of the antisense strand is designed so that the antisense strand contains a sequence complementary to a part of the coding region or 5 ′ or 3 ′ untranslated region (UTR) in the target gene mRNA.
- the sequence of the sense strand can be designed so that the strand contains a sequence complementary to the antisense strand.
- complementary means a relationship capable of base pairing between two bases (for example, Watson-Crick type), such as a relationship between adenine and thymine or uracil, and cytosine and guanine.
- the relationship As used herein, the term “complementary” is preferably completely complementary, but need not be completely complementary, and one or more (for example, as long as the RNAi molecule retains the ability to suppress target gene expression (for example, 1 to 5 or 1 to 3) mismatches may be included. Mismatch refers to a relationship other than the relationship between adenine and thymine or uracil and the relationship between cytosine and guanine.
- RNAi molecules such as siRNA are generally known to have high RNAi activity when they have a single-stranded portion (overhang) of several (eg, 2 to 5) nucleotides at the ends. Therefore, the RNAi molecule used in the present invention preferably has several deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotide overhangs at the ends. For example, an RNAi molecule can have a 2 nucleotide 3 ′ overhang. Specifically, the RNAi molecule may have a 3 ′ overhang consisting of two ribonucleotides (eg AU or AG).
- the sense strand and antisense strand constituting the RNAi molecule may be, for example, 20 to 50 bases long, 20 to 40 bases long, or 20 to 30 bases long, but are not particularly limited, and are different even in the same length. It may be length. In the present invention, preferably, the sense strand and the antisense strand may each be 25 to 29 bases long, for example 27 bases long.
- the RNAi molecule can include an antisense strand containing the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a sense strand containing a base sequence complementary to the antisense strand.
- the sense strand preferably includes the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, which is a completely complementary sequence to SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the antisense strand may consist of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, which is a sequence in which ribonucleotide AU is added to the 3 ′ end of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the sense strand may be composed of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, which is a sequence in which ribonucleotide AG is added to the 3 ′ end of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the nucleotides of the RNAi molecule are preferably all ribonucleotides, but several (for example, 1 to 5, 1 to 3, or 1 to 2) may be deoxyribonucleotides.
- the nucleotides of RNAi molecules can also be modified with groups such as halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine), methyl, carboxymethyl or thio groups, for example to improve the stability of RNAi molecules It may be a nucleotide.
- the sense strand and the antisense strand constituting the RNAi molecule can be appropriately produced using a commercially available nucleic acid synthesizer.
- the produced sense strand and antisense strand may be mixed preferably in an equimolar ratio and hybridized with each other to produce an RNAi molecule.
- RNAi molecules may be produced using a contract manufacturing service of a manufacturer (for example, BioSpring, Takara Bio, Sigma-Aldrich, etc.).
- chitosan in the present invention is a polymeric polysaccharide having a structure in which glucosamine and a small amount of N-acetylglucosamine are polymerized.
- Chitosan can be obtained by deacetylating chitin, which can be obtained from crustacean shells such as crabs and shrimps, with a concentrated alkaline solution.
- Chitosan is commercially available in various degrees of acetylation and molecular weight, such as Carbosynth or Funakoshi. In the present specification, the degree of acetylation of chitosan is usually 0-30%, for example, 20% or less, 10% or less, or 5% or less.
- the molecular weight of chitosan is not particularly limited, and it may be low molecular weight chitosan (for example, molecular weight 2000 Da to 100 kDa) or high molecular weight chitosan (for example, molecular weight 100 kDa to 10,000 kDa or more) Or it may be a mixture of various molecular weights.
- N-acetylated chitosan is a polymeric polysaccharide in which part or all of the amino group of the chitosan is acetylated.
- the degree of acetylation of N-acetylated chitosan may be usually 70 to 100%, such as 80% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 98% or more, or 99% or more.
- the degree of acetylation of chitosan and N-acetylated chitosan can be determined by colloid titration, infrared absorption spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (NMR), elemental analysis and the like.
- RNAi molecule is an anionic polymer
- N Since -acetylated chitosan is a cationic polymer, it is assumed that both form a complex by electrostatic interaction.
- the ratio (molar ratio) between the RNAi molecule and the glucosamine unit constituting the N-acetylated chitosan is 1: 200 to 1: 5, 1: 100 to 1: 5, or 1:50. It can be up to 1:10.
- RNAi molecules that suppresses CHST15 gene expression and N-acetylated chitosan
- the complex of the present invention can deliver RNAi molecules to cells by a minimally invasive administration method such as oral administration without requiring a special drug delivery system.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a complex comprising an RNAi molecule that suppresses the expression of the CHST15 gene and N-acetylated chitosan.
- the method comprises (a) mixing the RNAi molecule and chitosan to form a complex, (b) drying the complex obtained in step (a), and (c) step (b ) Acetylating chitosan in the dried complex obtained in (1).
- Chitosan As chitosan, chitosan having an acetylation degree of 0 to 30%, for example, 20% or less, 10% or less, or 5% or less can be used. Chitosan can be provided as a chitosan solution, for example, by dissolving in an aqueous acid solution.
- the type of acid is not particularly limited, and examples include acetic acid or hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid is preferable.
- the acid aqueous solution may have a concentration of, for example, 1% (v / v) to 10% (v / v), preferably 2% (v / v) to 8% (v / v).
- Chitosan can be dissolved in an acid aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.1% (w / v) to 10% (w / v), preferably 1% (w / v) to 8% (w / v).
- the method for dissolving chitosan in the acid aqueous solution is not particularly limited, and it may be dissolved by a conventional method such as stirring.
- the temperature during dissolution may be room temperature, for example 15-30 ° C.
- the dissolution time varies depending on the molecular weight and the degree of acetylation of chitosan and can be appropriately set.
- the pH of the chitosan solution thus obtained can be adjusted to 3.0 to 5.0, preferably 3.5 to 4.5, more preferably 4.0 to 4.3 with an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide solution.
- the chitosan solution may then be appropriately diluted with water, for example sterile water.
- the chitosan solution may be filtered through a filter having a pore size of 0.5 to 2 ⁇ m, for example, 1 ⁇ m (for example, a cellulose filter), and the filtrate may be used in the subsequent step.
- the RNAi molecule that suppresses the expression of the CHST15 gene can usually be provided as a solution containing the RNAi molecule in an appropriate buffer solution by contract manufacture of the manufacturer.
- RNAi molecule and chitosan are mixed to form a complex (RNAi molecule / chitosan complex) by, for example, electrostatic interaction.
- the ratio (molar ratio) between the RNAi molecule and the glucosamine unit that constitutes chitosan is 1: 200 to 1: 5, 1: 100 to 1: 5, or 1:50 to 1. : 10.
- the RNAi molecule and chitosan may be mixed, for example, by mixing and stirring the solution containing the RNAi molecule and the chitosan solution.
- RNAi molecule / chitosan complex is dried by any known drying method such as lyophilization or vacuum drying.
- the drying is lyophilization. Freeze-drying may be performed after the solution containing the complex is flow-cast onto a substrate such as a Teflon dish. Freeze-drying can be appropriately performed using a commercially available freeze-dryer.
- chitosan in the dried RNAi molecule / chitosan complex is acetylated using an acetylating agent.
- the acetylating agent include acetic anhydride and acetyl chloride, with acetic anhydride being preferred.
- the acetylating agent may be used as a solution in an organic solvent such as methanol.
- the acetylating agent may be at a concentration of, for example, 0.5-10% (v / v), preferably 1-5% (v / v). Acetylation may be performed by adding such an acetylating agent to the dried RNAi molecule / chitosan complex.
- the reaction time for acetylation may be 1-5 hours, preferably 2-4 hours.
- Acetylation may be performed in nitrogen gas.
- the temperature during acetylation may be room temperature, for example 15-30 ° C.
- the degree of acetylation of N-acetylated chitosan may usually be 70-100%, for example 80% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 98% or more or 99% or more.
- the obtained complex containing RNAi molecule and N-acetylated chitosan may be dried by any drying method such as lyophilization or vacuum drying. Preferably, the drying is lyophilization.
- the dried composite may be further subjected to treatment such as pulverization and granulation.
- the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease, comprising a complex comprising an RNAi molecule that suppresses the expression of the CHST15 gene and N-acetylated chitosan.
- treatment means to cure, reduce or ameliorate a disease or condition
- prevention means to prevent, inhibit or delay the onset of the disease or condition.
- the target disease is not particularly limited as long as the complex of the present invention shows an effect, and may be, for example, an inflammatory disease or a mucosal disorder.
- Inflammatory diseases refer to diseases involving inflammation.
- Mucosal disorder refers to mucosal lesions and may include ulcers, erosions, edema and the like.
- the location of the disease can be anywhere in the body, preferably the gastrointestinal tract.
- the gastrointestinal tract can be, for example, the esophagus, stomach, and intestines (small and large intestines).
- the small intestine includes the duodenum, jejunum and ileum
- the large intestine includes the cecum, colon and rectum.
- the disease may be a disease induced by a drug (for example, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug).
- a drug for example, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAID: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug
- NSAID Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug
- the diseases include inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease), esophagitis, gastroenteritis, NSAID-induced enteritis (e.g. NSAID-induced enterocolitis), intestinal Behcet's disease, simple ulcer, digestion Artificial ulcer after endoscopic resection for ductal cancer, enteritis associated with collagen disease, radiation-induced enteritis, ischemic enteritis, reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, drug esophagitis or gastroenteritis, and drug resistance or refractory Peptic ulcers (including ulcers resistant to Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy).
- inflammatory bowel disease e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease
- esophagitis e.g. NSAID-induced enteritis
- gastroenteritis e.g. NSAID-induced enterocolitis
- enteritis e.g. NSAID-induced enterocolitis
- the disease can be inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, gastroenteritis or NSAID-induced enteritis.
- Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease that mainly causes ulcers and erosions in the mucosa of the large intestine.
- Crohn's disease is an inflammatory disease that causes ulcers and inflammation discontinuously throughout the digestive tract from the oral cavity to the anus.
- NSAID is not particularly limited as long as it can cause gastrointestinal mucosal damage, but salicylic acid (for example, aspirin and sodium salicylate), fenamic acid (for example, mefenamic acid), arylacetic acid (for example, indomethacin, etodolac) , Diclofenac sodium, sulindac, progouritacin and acemetacin maleate), propionic acid systems (e.g. ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, loxoprofen and zaltoprofen), oxicam systems (e.g. piroxicam, meloxicam and lornoxicam) and basic anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. Tiaramid hydrochloride, emorphazone) and the like.
- salicylic acid for example, aspirin and sodium salicylate
- fenamic acid for example, mefenamic acid
- arylacetic acid for example, indomethacin,
- the pharmaceutical composition may contain any formulation adjuvant normally used in the pharmaceutical field.
- formulation aids pharmaceutically acceptable carriers (solid or liquid carriers), excipients, stabilizers, emulsifiers, surfactants, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, flavoring agents, solubilizing aids
- Various drug carriers or additives such as suspending agents, coating agents, coloring agents, flavoring agents, preservatives, buffering agents and the like can be used.
- formulation adjuvants include water, saline, other aqueous solvents, pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvents, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, glucose, calcium, polyvinyl alcohol, collagen, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, Carboxyvinyl polymer, sodium alginate, water-soluble dextran, water-soluble dextrin, sodium carboxymethyl starch, gum arabic, pectin, xanthan gum, casein, gelatin, agar, propylene glycol, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, petrolatum, paraffin, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid Sorbitol, lactose and the like.
- the formulation adjuvant can be selected appropriately or in combination depending on the dosage form of the formulation.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention can be administered orally or parenterally (for example, rectal administration, transmucosal administration, intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, or transdermal administration). Rectal administration is preferred.
- dosage forms suitable for oral administration include solid preparations (including tablets, pills, sublingual tablets, capsules, troches, and drops), granules, powders, powders, and liquids.
- the solid preparation may be a dosage form with a coating known in the art, for example, sugar-coated tablet, gelatin-encapsulated tablet, enteric tablet, film-coated tablet, double tablet or multilayer tablet.
- a coating can be intended, for example, to release the active ingredient at a target location in the body or to increase the absorbability of the active ingredient.
- a dosage form suitable for each administration method can be appropriately used.
- dosage forms suitable for parenteral administration include suppositories, injections, drops, coatings, eye drops, Examples include nasal drops, inhalants, suspensions, emulsions, creams, pastes, gels, ointments, plasters and the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be administered to a living body in a pharmaceutically effective amount for the treatment or prevention of a target disease.
- the “pharmaceutically effective amount” means that the RNAi molecule contained in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a dose necessary for treating or preventing a target disease and is administered to a living body. A dose with little or no adverse side effects.
- the specific dose is determined depending on the individual subject, for example, based on the judgment of a doctor, based on the degree or severity of disease, general health, age, sex, weight, tolerance to treatment, and the like.
- the weight of the RNAi molecule that suppresses the expression of the CHST15 gene is usually 0.001 to 1000 mg / kg body weight / day, such as 0.01 to 100 mg / kg body weight / day, or The dose may be 0.1 to 10 mg / kg body weight / day.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be administered once, for example, based on a treatment plan determined by a doctor, but at regular time intervals, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, The subject can be administered several times or several tens of times at intervals such as 6 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 6 months or 1 year.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be administered in combination with another drug (for example, a drug for the therapeutic or preventive disease of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, or NSAID).
- another drug for example, a drug for the therapeutic or preventive disease of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, or NSAID.
- NSAID a drug for the therapeutic or preventive disease of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention
- they may be used as a combination preparation for simultaneous administration or as separate preparations combined for independent administration. Combination includes simultaneous administration and sequential administration.
- the subject to which the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is administered may be an animal, for example, a mammal (eg, human, monkey, cow, mouse, rat, dog, etc.). If the disease to be treated or prevented is a disease induced by a drug (eg, NSAID), the subject may be a patient receiving the drug.
- a mammal eg, human, monkey, cow, mouse, rat, dog, etc.
- a drug eg, NSAID
- the present invention also provides a method for treating or preventing a disease, comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention to a subject in need thereof.
- the present invention also relates to an inflammatory disease treatment or prevention agent or a mucosal healing promoter comprising a complex comprising an RNAi molecule that suppresses the expression of the CHST15 gene and N-acetylated chitosan.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention, comprising a step of mixing a complex comprising an RNAi molecule that suppresses the expression of the CHST15 gene and N-acetylated chitosan with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. provide.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a complex comprising an RNAi molecule that suppresses CHST15 gene expression and N-acetylated chitosan is particularly useful in the treatment or prevention of inflammatory diseases or mucosal disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Example 1 Effects of CHST15 siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex administered to DSS-induced acute colitis model mice CHST15 siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex administered orally to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) -induced colitis model mice The RNAi effect and therapeutic effect were examined.
- This DSS-induced colitis model is widely used as a standard experimental model for inflammatory bowel diseases such as mouse ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
- siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex Methods for preparing CHST15 siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex and negative control siRNA (NC) / N-acetylated chitosan complex are described below. A specific preparation method was the same as that described in Kai E et al., Pharmaceutical Research 21: 838-843 (2004), except that siRNA was used instead of plasmid DNA.
- Chitosan was manufactured by Carbosynth (UK) and had a minimum degree of deacetylation of 90% (that is, an acetylation degree of 10% or less). 2 g of chitosan was dissolved in 50 mL of 5% (v / v) acetic acid, 2M sodium hydroxide was added to a pH of 4.2, the volume was adjusted to 100 mL with sterile water, and the chitosan solution (2% w / v) was obtained. The chitosan solution was filtered using a cellulose filter (pore size: 1 ⁇ m) under reduced pressure, and the filtrate was stored at room temperature until use.
- a cellulose filter pore size: 1 ⁇ m
- CHST15 siRNA The antisense strand and the sense strand of siRNA that suppresses the expression of the CHST15 gene (CHST15 siRNA) used in this example consist of the base sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 3 and 4, respectively.
- the two RNA strands of the negative control siRNA consist of the base sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 8, respectively.
- CHST15 siRNA and negative control siRNA were produced by requesting synthesis from BioSpring (Germany).
- mice Eight week old female C57BL / 6J mice were obtained from Japan SLC (Shizuoka, Japan). All animals used in this example were bred according to the Japanese Pharmacological Society guidelines for animal experiments. The animals were maintained in the animal facility under conventional conditions, specifically in a clean cage under controlled room temperature (22-28 ° C.) and humidity (35-55%). Animals were housed in polycarbonate cages (KN-600, Natsume Seisakusho, Japan) with up to 3 mice per cage. Mice were given free sterilized normal diet and distilled water.
- DSS Dextran sodium sulfate
- the treatment group consisted of the following three groups. ⁇ Group 1: Normal (no DSS, no complex administration) ⁇ Group 2: DSS-induced colitis, negative control siRNA (NC) / N-acetylated chitosan complex administration ⁇ Group 3: DSS-induced colitis, CHST15 siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex administration
- mice Each group consisted of 5 mice. On days 0, 1 and 2, N.C./N-acetylated chitosan complex and CHST15 siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex were orally administered to mice in which colitis in groups 2 and 3 were induced, respectively. Administration was performed using physiological saline (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Japan) as a vehicle once a day at a dose of 10 ⁇ g siRNA per mouse (in a volume of 10 mL / kg). On day 3, the mice were sacrificed and the effectiveness of the complex was evaluated.
- physiological saline Olethylated chitosan complex
- the disease activity index was calculated by summing the indices evaluated for weight loss, fecal occult blood, and fecal stiffness in day 3 mice. Table 1 shows the evaluation criteria for weight loss, fecal occult blood, and stool hardness.
- Real-time PCR was performed using DICE and SYBR premix Taq (Takara Bio).
- the primer sequences used were SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 10 for the CHST15 gene, SEQ ID NOs: 11 and 12 for the TNF- ⁇ gene, SEQ ID NOs: 13 and 14 for the MCP-1 gene, SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 14 for the ROR- ⁇ gene.
- 16 shows SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18 for the 36B4 gene.
- the expression of each gene was normalized to the expression of the reference gene 36B4.
- the results of the disease activity index (DAI) are shown in FIG.
- the DAI measured in the NC administration group (group 2) of colitis model mice was significantly increased compared to normal (group 1).
- the colitis model mouse CHST15 siRNA administration group (Group 3) showed a significant reduction in DAI compared to the NC administration group (Group 2). From this result, it was shown that the CHST15 siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex suppresses the activity of colitis.
- Colon length The results of colon length are shown in FIG. The length of the colon was significantly shorter in the NC-administered group (group 2) of colitis model mice on the third day than in the normal group (group 1). On the other hand, in the CHST15 siRNA administration group (Group 3) of colitis model mice, the colon length was significantly longer than that in the NC administration group (Group 2). This result indicated that the CHST15 siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex provides protection from colon shortening due to colitis.
- the histological score was also significantly reduced in the CHST15 siRNA administration group (Group 3) of colitis model mice compared to the NC administration group (Group 2) (FIG. 4). From these results, it was shown that the CHST15 siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex has a histological therapeutic effect on colitis and does not induce inflammation.
- CHST15 mRNA in the colon was significantly increased in the NC administration group (group 2) of colitis model mice as compared to normal (group 1).
- the CHST15 siRNA-administered group (Group 3) of colitis model mice showed a significant reduction of CHST15 mRNA in the colon compared to the NC-administered group (Group 2).
- expression is increased by inflammation between the CHST15 siRNA administration group (Group 3) and the NC administration group (Group 2) of colitis model mice, TNF- ⁇ , MCP-1 And there was no significant difference in ROR- ⁇ mRNA levels. From these results, it was shown that the CHST15 siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex specifically reduced CHST15 mRNA in the colon (large intestine) and did not induce inflammation.
- Example 2 Effects of CHST15 siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex administered to NSAID-induced enterocolitis model mice
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs
- NSAIDs Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- the RNAi effect and therapeutic effect of an orally administered CHST15 siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex were examined on small intestinal inflammation model mice induced with indomethacin, an NSAID.
- N-acetylated chitosan / siRNA complex A CHST15 siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex and a negative control siRNA (NC) / N-acetylated chitosan complex were prepared by the method described in Example 1.
- NSAID indomethacin (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) was subcutaneously administered at a dose of 10 mg / kg of mouse body weight to induce enteritis.
- the treatment group consisted of the following 4 groups. ⁇ Group 1: Normal (no NSAID, no complex administration) ⁇ Group 2: NSAID-induced enteritis, mock administration ⁇ Group 3: NSAID-induced enteritis, negative control siRNA (NC) / N-acetylated chitosan complex administration ⁇ Group 4: NSAID-induced enteritis CHST15 siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex administration
- mice were administered vehicle saline (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Japan), and groups 3 and 4 mice received NC / N-acetylated chitosan complex and CHST15 siRNA / N, respectively.
- -Acetylated chitosan complex was administered by oral gavage. Administration was performed once on day 0 after administration of NSAID (intestinal enteritis) at a dose of 10 ⁇ g siRNA per mouse. On day 1, mice were sacrificed and the effectiveness of the complex was evaluated.
- NSAID intestinal enteritis
- CHST15 mRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative RT-PCR in the same manner as described in Example 1 except that the jejunum was used instead of the colon. The number of ulcers visible in the jejunum was counted to determine the ulcer score. Statistical tests were performed in the same manner as described in Example 1.
- CHST15 mRNA in the jejunum (small intestine) was significantly increased in the sham-administered group (group 2) and NC-administered group (group 3) of small intestinal model mice as compared with normal (group 1).
- the CHST15 siRNA-administered group (Group 4) of enterocolitis model mice showed a significant decrease in CHST15 mRNA in the jejunum compared with the sham-administered group (Group 2) and the NC-administered group (Group 3). It was. From this result, it was shown that the CHST15 siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex reduces CHST15 mRNA in the jejunum (small intestine).
- ulcer score The results of the ulcer score (number of ulcers) are shown in FIG.
- the number of ulcers in the jejunum (small intestine) was significantly increased in the sham-administered group (group 2) and NC-administered group (group 3) of small intestinal model mice compared to normal (group 1).
- the CHST15 siRNA administration group (Group 4) of enterocolitis model mice showed a significant reduction in the number of ulcers in the jejunum compared with the sham administration group (Group 2) and the NC administration group (Group 3). It was.
- the CHST15 siRNA / N-acetylated chitosan complex has an effect of reducing the number of NSAID-induced ulcers in the jejunum (small intestine) and suppressing NSAID-induced enteritis.
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Abstract
Description
[1]CHST15遺伝子の発現を抑制するRNAi分子とN-アセチル化キトサンとを含む複合体。
[2]前記N-アセチル化キトサンのアセチル化度が、70~100%である、[1]に記載の複合体。
[3]前記RNAi分子がsiRNAである、[1]又は[2]に記載の複合体。
[4]前記RNAi分子が、配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むアンチセンス鎖と、該アンチセンス鎖に相補的な塩基配列を含むセンス鎖とを含む、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の複合体。
[5]CHST15遺伝子の発現を抑制するRNAi分子とN-アセチル化キトサンとを含む複合体を製造する方法であって、
(a)該RNAi分子とキトサンとを混合して、複合体を形成させる工程、
(b)工程(a)で得られた複合体を乾燥する工程、及び
(c)工程(b)で得られた乾燥した複合体中のキトサンをアセチル化する工程
を含む、方法。
[6][1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の複合体を含む、消化管の炎症性疾患又は粘膜障害を治療又は予防するための、医薬組成物。
[7]経口投与又は経直腸投与用の、[6]に記載の医薬組成物。
[8]前記炎症性疾患又は粘膜障害が、炎症性腸疾患、潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病、食道炎、胃腸炎、NSAID誘発腸炎、腸管ベーチェット病、単純性潰瘍、消化管癌に対する内視鏡的切除後の人工潰瘍、膠原病に伴う腸炎、放射線による腸炎、虚血性腸炎、逆流性食道炎、バレット食道、薬剤性食道炎若しくは胃腸炎、並びに薬剤抵抗性若しくは不応性の消化性潰瘍からなる群から選択される、[6]又は[7]に記載の医薬組成物。
本発明は、CHST15遺伝子の発現を抑制するRNAi分子とN-アセチル化キトサンとを含む複合体を提供する。
本発明はまた、CHST15遺伝子の発現を抑制するRNAi分子とN-アセチル化キトサンとを含む複合体を製造する方法を提供する。本方法は、(a)該RNAi分子とキトサンとを混合して、複合体を形成させる工程、(b)工程(a)で得られた複合体を乾燥する工程、及び(c)工程(b)で得られた乾燥した複合体中のキトサンをアセチル化する工程を含む。
本発明はまた、CHST15遺伝子の発現を抑制するRNAi分子とN-アセチル化キトサンとを含む複合体を含む、疾患の治療又は予防のための医薬組成物を提供する。本明細書において「治療」とは疾患若しくは症状を治癒、軽減、又は改善することを意味し、「予防」とは疾患若しくは症状の発症を阻止、抑制、又は遅延することを意味する。
DSS誘発急性大腸炎モデルマウスに投与したCHST15 siRNA/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体の効果
デキストラン硫酸ナトリウム(DSS)で誘発した大腸炎モデルマウスに経口投与したCHST15 siRNA/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体のRNAi効果及び治療効果を検討した。本DSS誘発性大腸炎モデルは、マウス潰瘍性大腸炎やクローン病などの炎症性腸疾患の標準的実験モデルとして広く用いられている。
(siRNA/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体)
CHST15 siRNA/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体及び陰性対照siRNA(N.C.)/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体の調製方法を以下に説明する。具体的な調製方法は、プラスミドDNAの代わりにsiRNAを使用したことを除いて、Kai E et al., Pharmaceutical Research 21: 838-843 (2004)に記載の方法に準じた。
8週齢の雌性C57BL/6Jマウスを日本SLC(静岡、日本)から得た。本実施例で用いた全ての動物は、動物実験に関する日本薬理学会指針にしたがって飼育した。動物は、慣用の条件下、具体的には、清潔なケージ内で、制御された室温(22~28℃)及び湿度(35~55%)の下で、動物施設において維持した。動物は、ケージ1個あたり最大3匹のマウスを有する、ポリカーボネートケージ(KN-600、夏目製作所、日本)中で飼育した。マウスには滅菌した通常の食餌、及び蒸留水を自由に与えた。
デキストラン硫酸ナトリウム(DSS)はMP Biomedicals社から購入した。2.5%(w/v)DSS水溶液をマウスに3日間(DSS水溶液をマウスに与えた初日を0日目として、0、1及び2日目に)自由に与えて、急性大腸炎を誘発した。
処置群は以下の3群からなった。
・第1群: 正常(DSS無し、複合体投与無し)
・第2群: DSS誘発大腸炎、陰性対照siRNA(N.C.)/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体投与
・第3群: DSS誘発大腸炎、CHST15 siRNA/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体投与
疾患活動指数(DAI)を、3日目のマウスにおいて体重減少、便潜血及び便の硬さについて評価した指数を合計することによって計算した。体重減少、便潜血及び便の硬さの評価基準を表1に示す。
遠位結腸(大腸)の約1.5~2.0cmを10%中性緩衝ホルマリン(和光純薬工業、日本)中で固定し、パラフィンに包埋し、4μm切片にしてHE染色を行った。切片を顕微鏡下で観察した。組織学的スコアを、腸管上皮損傷及び炎症性浸潤について評価した指数を合計することによって計算した。腸管上皮損傷及び炎症性浸潤の評価基準を表2に示す。
全RNAを、RNAiso(タカラバイオ、日本)を用いて製造業者の説明書にしたがって結腸サンプルから抽出した。4.4mM MgCl2(F. Hoffmann-La Roche、スイス)、40U RNaseインヒビター(東洋紡、日本)、0.5mM dNTP(Promega、米国)、6.28μM ランダムヘキサマー(Promega)、5×ファーストストランドバッファー(Promega)、10mM ジチオスレイトール(Invitrogen)及び200U MMLV-RT(Invitrogen)を含有する反応混合物を用いて最終体積20μL中で、1μgのRNAを逆転写した。反応を37℃で1時間行い、その後、99℃で5分処理した。リアルタイムPCR DICE及びSYBRプレミックスTaq(タカラバイオ)を用いてリアルタイムPCRを行った。用いたプライマーの配列を、CHST15遺伝子について配列番号9及び10に、TNF-α遺伝子について配列番号11及び12に、MCP-1遺伝子について配列番号13及び14に、ROR-γ遺伝子について配列番号15及び16に、36B4遺伝子について配列番号17及び18に示す。相対的mRNA発現レベルを計算するため、各遺伝子(CHST15、TNF-α、MCP-1及びROR-γ)の発現を参照遺伝子36B4の発現に対して正規化した。
DAI、結腸の長さ、組織学的スコア、及び相対的遺伝子発現レベルについて、GraphPad Prism 4(GraphPad Software、米国)を用いてボンフェローニ多重比較検定を使用して統計的検定を行った。P値<0.05を統計的に有意であると見なした。片側t検定がP値<0.05を返した場合、ある傾向を推測した。結果を平均±標準偏差として表した。図面では、P値<0.05を「*」、P値<0.01を「**」、P値<0.001を「***」、P値≧0.05を「n.s.」(有意差無し)と表した。
(疾患活動指数)
疾患活動指数(DAI)の結果を図1に示す。大腸炎モデルマウスのN.C.投与群(第2群)において測定されたDAIは、正常(第1群)と比較して、有意に増加した。大腸炎モデルマウスのCHST15 siRNA投与群(第3群)は、N.C.投与群(第2群)と比較して、DAIの有意な低減を示した。この結果から、CHST15 siRNA/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体は、大腸炎の活動性を抑制することが示された。
結腸の長さの結果を図2に示す。結腸の長さは、3日目の大腸炎モデルマウスのN.C.投与群(第2群)において、正常(第1群)と比較して、有意に短かった。一方、大腸炎モデルマウスのCHST15 siRNA投与群(第3群)において、N.C.投与群(第2群)と比較して、結腸の長さは有意に長かった。この結果から、CHST15 siRNA/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体は、大腸炎による結腸の短縮からの保護をもたらすことが示された。
HEで染色した結腸切片を用いて、腸管上皮損傷及び炎症性浸潤を評価した。HE染色切片の代表的な顕微鏡写真を図3に示す。重度の潰瘍は3日目にどの群でも観察されなかったが、炎症性浸潤を伴う局所的潰瘍性病変は、大腸炎モデルマウスのN.C.投与群(第2群)において観察された(図3A)。これらの病変は全て、固有層に見られ、第2群における杯細胞の喪失を伴った。大腸炎モデルマウスのCHST15 siRNA投与群(第3群)では、わずかに陰窩損傷及び炎症性浸潤が低減した(図3B)。組織学的スコアも、大腸炎モデルマウスのCHST15 siRNA投与群(第3群)において、N.C.投与群(第2群)と比較して有意に低減した(図4)。これらの結果から、CHST15 siRNA/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体は、大腸炎に対して組織学的にも治療効果を有すること、さらに、炎症を誘発しないことが示された。
CHST15遺伝子発現の結果を図5に示す。結腸におけるCHST15 mRNAは、大腸炎モデルマウスのN.C.投与群(第2群)において、正常(第1群)と比較して有意に増加した。一方、大腸炎モデルマウスのCHST15 siRNA投与群(第3群)は、N.C.投与群(第2群)と比較して、結腸におけるCHST15 mRNAの有意な低減を示した。また、大腸炎モデルマウスのCHST15 siRNA投与群(第3群)とN.C.投与群(第2群)との間で、炎症によって発現が増加することが知られている、TNF-α、MCP-1及びROR-γ mRNAレベルに有意差はなかった。これらの結果から、CHST15 siRNA/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体は、結腸(大腸)においてCHST15 mRNAを特異的に低減すること、さらに、炎症を誘発しないことが示された。
NSAID誘発小腸炎モデルマウスに投与したCHST15 siRNA/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体の効果
非ステロイド性抗炎症薬(NSAID)は、副作用として消化管に粘膜障害及び炎症を誘発することが分かっている。本実施例では、NSAIDであるインドメタシンで誘発した小腸炎モデルマウスに対する、経口投与したCHST15 siRNA/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体のRNAi効果及び治療効果を検討した。
実施例1に記載した方法によって、CHST15 siRNA/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体、及び陰性対照siRNA(N.C.)/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体を製造した。
7~8週齢の雌性C57BL/6Jマウスを日本SLC(静岡、日本)から得た。飼育条件は実施例1に記載したものと同様とした。
0日目に、NSAIDであるインドメタシン(和光純薬工業)を、マウス体重1kgあたり10mgの用量で皮下投与し、小腸炎を誘発した。
処置群は以下の4群からなった。
・第1群: 正常(NSAID無し、複合体投与無し)
・第2群: NSAID誘発小腸炎、偽(Mock)投与
・第3群: NSAID誘発小腸炎、陰性対照siRNA(N.C.)/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体投与
・第4群: NSAID誘発小腸炎、CHST15 siRNA/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体投与
結腸の代わりに空腸を用いたことを除いて、実施例1に記載したのと同様の方法で、定量的RT-PCRによってCHST15 mRNA発現レベルを決定した。空腸において目に見える潰瘍の数をカウントして、潰瘍スコアを決定した。統計的検定は、実施例1に記載したのと同様の方法で行った。
(遺伝子発現解析)
CHST15遺伝子発現解析の結果を図6に示す。空腸(小腸)におけるCHST15 mRNAは、小腸炎モデルマウスの偽投与群(第2群)及びN.C.投与群(第3群)において、正常(第1群)と比較して有意に増加した。一方、小腸炎モデルマウスのCHST15 siRNA投与群(第4群)は、偽投与群(第2群)及びN.C.投与群(第3群)と比較して、空腸におけるCHST15 mRNAの有意な低減を示した。この結果から、CHST15 siRNA/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体は、空腸(小腸)においてCHST15 mRNAを低減することが示された。
潰瘍スコア(潰瘍数)の結果を図7に示す。空腸(小腸)における潰瘍数は、小腸炎モデルマウスの偽投与群(第2群)及びN.C.投与群(第3群)において、正常(第1群)と比較して有意に増加した。一方、小腸炎モデルマウスのCHST15 siRNA投与群(第4群)は、偽投与群(第2群)及びN.C.投与群(第3群)と比較して、空腸における潰瘍数の有意な低減を示した。この結果から、CHST15 siRNA/N-アセチル化キトサン複合体は、空腸(小腸)におけるNSAID誘発性潰瘍の数を低減し、NSAID誘発小腸炎を抑制する効果を有することが示された。
Claims (8)
- CHST15遺伝子の発現を抑制するRNAi分子とN-アセチル化キトサンとを含む複合体。
- 前記RNAi分子がsiRNA又はshRNAである、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- 前記RNAi分子が、配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むアンチセンス鎖と、該アンチセンス鎖に相補的な塩基配列を含むセンス鎖とを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の複合体。
- CHST15遺伝子の発現を抑制するRNAi分子とN-アセチル化キトサンとを含む複合体を製造する方法であって、
(a)該RNAi分子とキトサンとを混合して、複合体を形成させる工程、
(b)工程(a)で得られた複合体を乾燥する工程、及び
(c)工程(b)で得られた乾燥した複合体中のキトサンをアセチル化する工程
を含む、方法。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の複合体を含む、疾患の治療又は予防のための医薬組成物。
- 経口投与又は経直腸投与用の、請求項5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記疾患が、消化管の炎症性疾患又は粘膜障害である、請求項5又は6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記炎症性疾患又は粘膜障害が、炎症性腸疾患、潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病、食道炎、胃腸炎、NSAID誘発腸炎、腸管ベーチェット病、単純性潰瘍、消化管癌に対する内視鏡的切除後の人工潰瘍、膠原病に伴う腸炎、放射線による腸炎、虚血性腸炎、逆流性食道炎、バレット食道、薬剤性食道炎若しくは胃腸炎、並びに薬剤抵抗性若しくは不応性の消化性潰瘍からなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載の医薬組成物。
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