WO2017057689A1 - 硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物、及びそれを用いた繊維強化複合材料 - Google Patents
硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物、及びそれを用いた繊維強化複合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017057689A1 WO2017057689A1 PCT/JP2016/079050 JP2016079050W WO2017057689A1 WO 2017057689 A1 WO2017057689 A1 WO 2017057689A1 JP 2016079050 W JP2016079050 W JP 2016079050W WO 2017057689 A1 WO2017057689 A1 WO 2017057689A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/005—Reinforced macromolecular compounds with nanosized materials, e.g. nanoparticles, nanofibres, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods or nanolayered materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/32—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups
- C08G59/38—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups together with di-epoxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/42—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof
- C08G59/4215—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof cycloaliphatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/42—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof
- C08G59/4238—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof heterocyclic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
- C08G59/686—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used containing nitrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2063/00—Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a matrix resin material of a fiber reinforced composite material, which is a resin composition having a low viscosity and excellent long-term viscosity stability, and from which a molded product having high heat resistance and toughness can be obtained upon curing.
- Fiber reinforced composite materials include glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon fiber and other reinforced fibers, and unsaturated polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, benzoxazine resin, cyanate resin, bismaleimide resin, etc. It is composed of a matrix resin, is lightweight, and has excellent mechanical properties such as strength, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance. Therefore, it is widely used as a structural material for aircraft, automobiles, civil engineering and sports equipment.
- the fiber reinforced composite material manufacturing method includes an autoclave molding method, a press molding method using a prepreg in which a thermosetting matrix resin is impregnated in advance into a reinforcing fiber, a step of impregnating a reinforcing matrix with a liquid matrix resin, and thermosetting. It is carried out by a technique such as a wet layup molding method, a pultrusion molding method, a filament winding molding method, and an RTM method. Among these, in the wet lay-up molding method, the pultrusion molding method, the filament winding molding method and the RTM method, a matrix resin having a low viscosity is used in order to quickly impregnate the resin with the reinforcing fibers.
- the matrix resin has a small increase rate in viscosity during the process of impregnating the resin into the reinforcing fiber in order to ensure stable impregnation. Is used.
- the tensile elongation at break of the reinforcing fibers used in the fiber reinforced composite material is 3 to 6% for glass fibers, 2 to 5% for aramid fibers, and 1.5 to 2.0% for carbon fibers. In order to generally show the value, it is desirable to apply a material having a higher tensile elongation at break than such reinforcing fibers as the matrix resin in order to obtain a fiber-reinforced composite material having excellent strength.
- thermosetting resins such as unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins and epoxy resins have been used in wet lay-up molding methods, pultrusion molding methods and filament winding molding methods.
- Unsaturated polyester resins and vinyl ester resins having radical polymerizability have a low viscosity and excellent fast curability, but there is a problem that mechanical properties such as heat resistance, strength and toughness of the molded product are relatively low.
- the epoxy resin has a problem that the resin viscosity is relatively high although a molded product having high heat resistance, strength and toughness can be obtained.
- bisphenol A type epoxy resin is used because it is excellent in economy and physical properties, but low viscosity bisphenol F type epoxy resin is also used in order to improve the impregnation property to the fiber.
- the bisphenol F type epoxy resin contains a component having a tri- or higher functional epoxy group for the convenience of the production method, the gelation speed when the curing agent and the curing accelerator are mixed is high, that is, the viscosity increase rate is high. Since it becomes a large resin composition, the impregnation property to a stable fiber is impaired in a process that requires a long impregnation step.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a low-viscosity fiber-reinforced composite material resin composition using a bisphenol F-type epoxy resin.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a low-viscosity fiber-reinforced composite material resin composition by using a high-purity bisphenol F-type epoxy resin.
- these documents do not mention each component contained in the bisphenol F-type epoxy resin, and do not mention the viscosity increase rate of the resin composition.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that a resin composition composed of an epoxy resin and an acid anhydride curing agent achieves both a reduction in viscosity increase rate and a rapid curability by using a specific curing accelerator. Efforts to make it happen. However, in order to further reduce the rate of increase in viscosity and ensure stable impregnation for a long time, it is necessary to pay attention to the amount of each component contained in the bisphenol F-type epoxy resin.
- Patent Documents 4 and 5 describe lowering the viscosity of a resin composition using a reactive diluent such as an alicyclic epoxy resin or an aliphatic glycidyl ether.
- the alicyclic epoxy resin has a low viscosity and a molded product having high heat resistance after curing, but has a low toughness caused by a high crosslink density.
- reactive diluents such as aliphatic glycidyl ether have a low viscosity, a problem is a decrease in heat resistance of the cured product.
- Patent Documents 6 and 7 attempt to lower the viscosity by blending a radically polymerizable compound such as acrylic acid in addition to a resin composition comprising an epoxy resin and an acid anhydride or an amine curing agent.
- radically polymerizable compounds containing acid groups are used, and when all the components are mixed, the reaction of epoxy groups and carboxyl groups proceeds, resulting in an increase in viscosity based on an increase in molecular weight. Occurs, and there is a problem in the stability of the impregnation process for a long time.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a resin composition that is suitably used as a matrix resin for a fiber-reinforced composite material excellent in the above.
- the present inventors have focused on the amount of each component present in the phenol novolac type epoxy resin and reduced the amount of polynuclear substances, thereby reducing the viscosity for a long time. It was found that a molded product having a small toughness and having high toughness at the time of curing was obtained, and found to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the present invention was completed.
- the present invention comprises an epoxy resin (A), an acid anhydride curing agent (B), and an imidazole curing accelerator (C) as essential components, and a viscosity at 25 ° C. measured by an E-type viscometer is 50 to 800 mPa
- a compound in which the viscosity increase rate after 8 hours at 25 ° C. is 200% or less and 50% by mass or more of the epoxy resin (A) is represented by the following general formula (1).
- m represents an integer of 0 or more and is 0 to 5.
- n represents an integer of 0 or more and is 0 to 2.
- the radical polymerizable monomer (D) that is liquid at 25 ° C. that does not contain an acid group.
- the amount of the radically polymerizable monomer (D) is 5 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the component (A), the component (B), the component (C) and the component (D). More preferred.
- Another aspect of the present invention is obtained by a fiber reinforced composite material in which reinforcing fibers are blended with the resin composition for fiber reinforced composite material, and a wet layup molding method, a pultrusion molding method, or a filament winding molding method using the fiber reinforced composite material. It is a molded object.
- the volume content of the reinforcing fiber is preferably 50 to 70%.
- an epoxy resin (A), an acid anhydride curing agent (B), and an imidazole curing accelerator (C) are essential components, and the viscosity at 25 ° C. measured by an E-type viscometer is 50.
- the viscosity increase rate after 8 hours at 25 ° C. is 200% or less, and 50 parts by mass or more of 100 parts by mass of the epoxy resin (A) is the above general formula.
- It is a phenol novolak type epoxy resin represented by (1) and having a dinuclear content of 75 area% or more and a trinuclear content of 6 area% or less in the gel permeation chromatography measurement.
- the resin composition for fiber reinforced composite materials characterized.
- the resin composition for fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention has a low viscosity and a small increase in viscosity even in a long impregnation step, has a good impregnation property to reinforcing fibers, and has a high tensile elongation when cured. can get.
- the GPC chart of the epoxy resin of the synthesis example 2 is shown.
- the GPC chart of the phenol novolak type epoxy resin YDF-170 having a conventional molecular weight distribution is shown.
- the resin composition for fiber-reinforced composite materials of the present invention contains an epoxy resin (A), an acid anhydride curing agent (B), and an imidazole curing accelerator (C) as essential components.
- the epoxy resin (A), the acid anhydride curing agent (B), and the imidazole curing accelerator (C) are also referred to as the (A) component, the (B) component, and the (C) component, respectively.
- the epoxy resin (A) used in the present invention is a phenol novolac type epoxy resin containing 50% by mass or more of the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2). .
- the content of m 0, 1, 2,... In the general formula (1) depends on the phenol novolac resin used as a raw material, and the value of m decreases as the phenol novolac resin having a smaller average m number is used. it can.
- the value of n can be reduced as the ECH / PN ratio increases.
- the ECH / PN ratio is less than 1.5, the average value n is increased, the viscosity of the obtained epoxy resin is increased, and the impregnation into the reinforcing fiber is caused.
- the epoxy resin (A) used in the present invention together with the phenol novolak type epoxy resin, has two or more epoxy groups in one molecule as long as it is less than 50% by mass unless the purpose of the present invention is impaired. These epoxy resins may be used in combination.
- bisphenol A type epoxy resin bisphenol E type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin, bisphenol Z type epoxy resin, bisphenol type epoxy resin such as isophorone bisphenol type epoxy resin, or halogen, alkyl-substituted products of these bisphenols, water Additives, not only monomers but also high molecular weight compounds having a plurality of repeating units, glycidyl ethers of alkylene oxide adducts, novolac types such as phenol novolac type epoxy resins, cresol novolac type epoxy resins, bisphenol A novolac type epoxy resins Epoxy resin, 3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl Cycloaliphatic epoxy resins such as 3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, 1-epoxyethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane,
- Aliphatic epoxy resin diglycidyl phthalate, diglycidyl tetrahydrophthalate, glycidyl ester such as dimer acid glycidyl ester, tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane, tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylsulfone, triglycidylaminophenol, triglycidylamino Glycidylamines such as cresol and tetraglycidylxylylenediamine can be used.
- these epoxy resins an epoxy resin having two epoxy groups in one molecule is preferable from the viewpoint of viscosity increase rate, and a polyfunctional epoxy resin is not preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the acid anhydride curing agent (B) contained in the resin composition for fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention include succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydro Phthalic anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, nadic anhydride, hydrogenated nadic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, hydrogenated trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, hydrogenated pyromellitic anhydride, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid
- a dianhydride etc. can be applied and these hardening accelerators and acid anhydrides may use 2 or more types as needed.
- the amount used is preferably in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 equivalents relative to the epoxy equivalent of the epoxy resin (A).
- the content of the imidazole curing accelerator (C) contained in the fiber-reinforced composite material resin composition of the present invention is 0.01 to 10 masses per 100 mass parts of the acid anhydride curing agent (B). Parts, particularly 0.1 to 3.0 parts by mass.
- a curing accelerator is contained within this range, a molded product having a low viscosity increase rate at the time of mixing and high heat resistance at the time of heat curing can be obtained.
- the imidazole-based curing accelerator (C) in addition to the impregnation into the reinforcing fiber at the time of mixing in the present invention, the suppression of increase in viscosity, in order to more satisfy the heat resistance at the time of curing, 2-methylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 2-undecylimidazole, 2-heptadecylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 2-phenyl It is preferable to use an imidazole compound such as -4-methylimidazole, 2-phenyl 6-4 ', 5'-dihydroxymethylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-ethyl-4methylimidazole.
- the radically polymerizable monomer (D) which is liquid at 25 ° C. and does not contain an acid group that is desirably contained in the fiber-reinforced composite material resin composition of the present invention is an acid group such as a carboxyl group, a phosphate group, or a sulfonate group.
- an acid group such as a carboxyl group, a phosphate group, or a sulfonate group.
- radically polymerizable monomer (D) which does not contain an acid group and is liquid at 25 ° C.
- a vinyl compound having a double bond in the molecule an acrylate compound, a methacrylate compound, or the like can be used.
- vinyl compounds such as styrene, methylstyrene, ethylstyrene, halogenated styrene, divinylbenzene, acrylate compounds and methacrylate compounds include 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1, 5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, tricyclodecane dimethanol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tri Acrylate or methacrylate compounds such as propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, 1,6-hexanediol, bisphenol Diol acrylate or methacrylate
- the content of the radical polymerizable monomer (D) is 5 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass as a total of the components (A), (B), (C) and (D).
- the content is less than 5 parts by mass, the tensile elongation is not improved, which is not preferable.
- the content exceeds 25 parts by mass the elastic modulus is lowered at the time of heat curing, and a molded product having low tensile strength is obtained. In addition, heat resistance is also lowered, which is not preferable.
- the radical polymerizable monomer (D) is represented by the following general formula (3). It is desirable that the viscosity at 25 ° C. measured by an E-type viscometer is 800 mPa ⁇ s or less. By using these, it is possible to obtain a fiber-reinforced composite material that is excellent in impregnation into reinforcing fibers during mixing and has few voids during heat curing.
- R 1 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- X represents a functional group selected from a hydroxyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a nitrile group, a cyano group, and a halogen group
- a represents 2 or 3
- B represents 0 or 1
- R 2 represents an a + b valent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, which may have an ether bond or an ester bond oxygen atom therein.
- a radical polymerizable initiator (E) it is preferable to add a radical polymerizable initiator (E) to the composition of the present invention so that radical polymerization proceeds smoothly.
- a radical polymerizable initiator (E) an azo compound or an organic peroxide that generates a radical by heating can be used.
- the preferred radical polymerizable initiator (E) for obtaining the effects of the present invention is a compound having a 10-hour half-life temperature of 60 to 140 ° C., more preferably a 10-hour half-life temperature of 70 to 110. It is a compound at ° C.
- the content of the radical polymerizable initiator (E) contained in the resin composition for fiber reinforced composite material is 0.005 to 5.0 parts by mass, particularly preferably 0.005 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the radical polymerizable monomer (D).
- the amount is preferably 1 to 2.0 parts by mass.
- the addition amount is less than 0.005 parts by mass, the degree of curing of the radical polymerizable monomer is lowered, and the heat resistance and toughness of the molded product are impaired.
- the addition amount exceeds 5.0 parts by mass, the curing rate of the radical polymerizable monomer is too high, and a resin composition having a high viscosity increase rate is obtained, and the impregnation property to the stable fiber is impaired.
- the resin composition for fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is produced by uniformly mixing the above component (A), component (B), component (C) and the like.
- the obtained resin composition for fiber-reinforced composite material has a viscosity measured using an E-type viscometer cone plate type at 25 ° C. in the range of 50 to 1500 mPa ⁇ s, and has good impregnation into reinforcing fibers. Even after impregnation, the resin does not easily drip from the fiber.
- the resin composition for fiber-reinforced composite material according to the present invention has a viscosity increase rate of 200% or less after 6 hours under the conditions of a temperature of 25 ° C. and an air atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere, Even in the molding method having the above, a stable reinforcing fiber impregnation property can be ensured, and a fiber-reinforced composite material having few voids when cured can be obtained.
- curable resins can be blended with the resin composition for fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention.
- curable resins include unsaturated polyester resins, curable acrylic resins, curable amino resins, curable melamine resins, curable urea resins, curable cyanate ester resins, curable urethane resins, curable oxetane resins, Examples include, but are not limited to, curable epoxy / oxetane composite resins.
- the resin composition for fiber reinforced composite materials of the present invention is suitably used for fiber reinforced composite materials obtained by wet lay-up molding, pultrusion molding, filament winding molding, or transfer molding.
- the method for producing the fiber reinforced composite material from the resin composition for fiber reinforced composite material according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the fabric of the reinforced fiber is arranged and laminated on a mold, and the resin composition is applied, followed by thermoforming.
- the reinforcing fiber used in the resin composition for fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is selected from glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, etc., but carbon is required to obtain a fiber-reinforced composite material having excellent strength. It is preferred to use fibers.
- the volume content of the reinforcing fibers is preferably 50 to 70%, more preferably 53 to 68%. Since a molded body having few voids and a high volume content of reinforcing fibers can be obtained, a molding material having excellent strength can be obtained.
- the part which shows a compounding quantity is a mass part unless there is particular notice.
- the unit of epoxy equivalent is g / eq.
- the molecular weight distribution was measured using gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- a main body HLC-8220GPC, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation
- a column TSKgelG3000HXL, TSKgelG2000HXL, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation
- tetrahydrofuran was used as the eluent.
- YD-128 Bisphenol A type epoxy resin (manufactured by Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co., Ltd., viscosity (25 ° C.) 13000 mPa ⁇ s)
- MTH Methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (acid anhydride group equivalent 166, viscosity (25 ° C.) 53 mPa ⁇ s)
- MHH methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (acid anhydride group equivalent 168, viscosity (25 °
- Synthesis example 1 A four-necked glass separable flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, condenser, and nitrogen gas introduction device was charged with 3010 parts of phenol and 9 parts of oxalic acid dihydrate and stirred while introducing nitrogen gas. And heated to raise the temperature. The dropwise addition of 43 parts of 37.4% formalin was started at 80 ° C., and the dropwise addition was completed in 30 minutes. Further, the reaction was carried out for 3 hours while maintaining the reaction temperature at 92 ° C. The temperature was raised to 110 ° C. while removing the reaction product water out of the system. The residual phenol was collected at 160 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain 108 parts of phenol novolac resin. The diphenol (bisphenol F) content of the obtained phenol novolac resin was 97.0 area% by GPC measurement.
- Synthesis example 3 A four-necked glass separable flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, condenser, and nitrogen gas introduction device was charged with 3010 parts of phenol and 9 parts of oxalic acid dihydrate and stirred while introducing nitrogen gas. And heated to raise the temperature. The dropping of 53 parts of 37.4% formalin was started at 80 ° C., and the dropping was completed in 30 minutes. Further, the reaction was carried out for 3 hours while maintaining the reaction temperature at 92 ° C. The temperature was raised to 110 ° C. while removing the reaction product water out of the system. The residual phenol was collected at 160 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain 134 parts of a phenol novolac resin. The content of dinuclear body (bisphenol F) in the obtained phenol novolac resin was 96.4 area% by GPC measurement.
- Example 1 Manufacture of resin composition for fiber reinforced composite material
- A 53 parts of EPN-1 obtained in Synthesis Example 2 as component, 47 parts of MTH as component (B), 0.4 part of EMZ as component (C), put into a 150 mL plastic container, and vacuum mixer Using “Awatori Netaro” (manufactured by Sinky Corporation), the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature to obtain a resin composition for fiber-reinforced composite material.
- Preparation of glass transition temperature test piece After pouring this resin composition for fiber reinforced composite material into a mold of 80 mm long and 80 mm wide provided with a 4 mm thick spacer cut into a flat plate shape, and curing at 100 ° C. for 1 hour and further at 120 ° C.
- Examples 2 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 A resin composition for a fiber-reinforced composite material was prepared under the same mixing conditions as in Example 1 except that each raw material was used in the composition described in Tables 1 and 2 as the components (A) to (E). In addition, a test piece used for a tensile test and a glass transition temperature measurement test piece were produced by the same molding technique as in Example 1.
- the viscosity value at 25 ° C. was measured using an E-type viscometer cone plate type.
- a resin composition for a fiber reinforced composite material was prepared, and 1.1 mL of the resin composition was used for measurement, and the value after 60 seconds from the start of measurement was defined as the initial viscosity value.
- the prepared resin composition for fiber reinforced composite material was allowed to stand in a thermostatic water bath set at 25 ° C. for 8 hours, and then the viscosity was measured in the same manner using an E-type viscometer cone plate type, and measurement started. The value after the elapse of 60 seconds was taken as the viscosity value after the elapse of 8 hours.
- the viscosity increase rate was calculated using a formula of 100 ⁇ (viscosity after 8 hours / initial viscosity).
- the resin composition for a fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention is suitably used for a fiber reinforced composite material used in a wet layup molding method, a pultrusion molding method, or a filament winding molding method.
- a peak showing m 0 body
- B peak showing m 1 body
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Abstract
Description
本発明の他の態様は、エポキシ樹脂(A)、酸無水物系硬化剤(B)、イミダゾール系硬化促進剤(C)を必須成分とし、E型粘度計により測定した25℃における粘度が50~800mPa・sの範囲であって、25℃にて8時間経過後の粘度増加率が200%以下を示し、かつ前記エポキシ樹脂(A)100質量部の内、50質量部以上が上記一般式(1)で表され、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー測定において二核体含有率が75面積%以上、三核体含有率が6面積%以下の割合で構成されるフェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂であることを特徴とする繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物である。
本発明の更に他の態様は、フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂が、上記一般式(2)で表され、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー測定においてn=1体含有率が8面積%以上16面積%以下の割合で含むことを特徴とする上記繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物である。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物は、エポキシ樹脂(A)、酸無水物系硬化剤(B)、イミダゾール系硬化促進剤(C)を必須成分とする。以下、エポキシ樹脂(A)、酸無水物系硬化剤(B)、イミダゾール系硬化促進剤(C)を、それぞれ(A)成分、(B)成分、及び(C)成分ともいう。
また、上記一般式(2)におけるn=0、1、2体の含有量は、エポキシ化条件に依存され、仕込み時のエピクロルヒドリン(ECH)/フェノールノボラック樹脂(PN)のモル比によって決定される。ECH/PN比が大きいほど、nの値を低減できる。他方、n=0体の含有量が高くなることによる結晶化を抑制するために、ECH/PN比は、好ましくは1.5~8.0であり、より好ましくは2.5~5.5である。ECH/PN比が1.5未満であると平均nの値が大きくなり、得られるエポキシ樹脂の粘度が高くなり、強化繊維への含浸不良を生じさせる。一方、ECH/PN比が8.0を超えるとn=0体含有量の高い、すなわち結晶析出の著しいエポキシ樹脂となり望ましくない。
YDF-170:ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂(新日鉄住金化学製、粘度(25℃)2600mPa・s、二核体含有率79.9面積%、三核体含有率8.5面積%、n=1体含有率11.5%、エポキシ当量170g/eq)
YD-128:ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(新日鉄住金化学製、粘度(25℃)13000mPa・s)
MTH:メチルテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸(酸無水物基当量166、粘度(25℃)53mPa・s)
MHH:メチルヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸(酸無水物基当量168、粘度(25℃)61mPa・s)
MH700:ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸/メチルヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸の割合が、30/70の混合物
EMZ:2-エチル-4-メチルイミダゾール
DMZ:1,2-ジメチルイミダゾール
PEGDA:ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(粘度(25℃)13mPa・s)
TMPTA:トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート(粘度(25℃)110mPa・s)
BPO:ベンゾイルパーオキシド
tBuPOB:t-ブチルパーオキシベンゾエート
攪拌装置、温度計、冷却管、窒素ガス導入装置を備えた4つ口のガラス製セパラブルフラスコに、フェノール3010部、シュウ酸二水和物 9部を仕込み、窒素ガスを導入しながら攪拌を行い、加熱を行って昇温した。37.4%ホルマリン43部を80℃で滴下を開始し、30分で滴下を終了した。更に反応温度を92℃に保ち3時間反応を行った。反応生成水を系外に除去しながら110℃まで昇温した。残存フェノールを160℃にて減圧下回収を行い、フェノールノボラック樹脂108部を得た。得られたフェノールノボラック樹脂の二核体(ビスフェノールF)含有率はGPC測定で97.0面積%であった。
合成例1と同様な装置に、合成例1のフェノールノボラック樹脂100部、エピクロロヒドリン330部(ECH/PNモル比=3.5)、水3部を仕込み、攪拌しながら50℃まで昇温した。49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液2.5部を仕込み3時間反応を行った。64℃まで昇温し、水の還流が起きる程度に減圧を引き、49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液74部を3時間かけて滴下し反応をおこなった。温度を70℃まで上げ脱水を行い、温度を135℃として残存するエピクロロヒドリンを回収した。常圧に戻しMIBK189部を加えて溶解した。イオン交換水180部を加え、攪拌静置して副生した食塩を水に溶解して除去した。次に49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液5.7部を仕込み80℃で90分間攪拌反応して精製反応を行った。MIBKを追加、水洗を数回行いイオン性不純物を除去した。溶剤を回収し、ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂を得た。
GPC測定でm=0体含有率84.1面積%、m=1体含有率4.1面積%、n=1体含有率11.6%、エポキシ当量169g/eqであった。このエポキシ樹脂の名称をEPN-1とする。GPC測定のチャートを図1に示す。
攪拌装置、温度計、冷却管、窒素ガス導入装置を備えた4つ口のガラス製セパラブルフラスコに、フェノール3010部、シュウ酸二水和物 9部を仕込み、窒素ガスを導入しながら攪拌を行い、加熱を行って昇温した。37.4%ホルマリン53部を80℃で滴下を開始し、30分で滴下を終了した。更に反応温度を92℃に保ち3時間反応を行った。昇温を行い反応生成水を系外に除去しながら110℃まで昇温した。残存フェノールを160℃にて減圧下回収を行い、フェノールノボラック樹脂134部を得た。得られたフェノールノボラック樹脂の二核体(ビスフェノールF)含有率はGPC測定で96.4面積%であった。
合成例2で使用した合成例1のフェノールノボラック樹脂の代わりに合成例3のフェノールノボラック樹脂を用いた以外は合成例2と同様な操作を行い、ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂を得た。GPC測定でm=0体含有率81.9面積%、m=1体含有率5.5面積%、n=1体含有率11.5%、エポキシ当量169g/eqであった。このエポキシ樹脂の名称をEPN-2とする。
(繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物の製造)
(A)成分として合成例2で得られたEPN-1を53部、(B)成分としてMTHを47部、(C)成分としてEMZを0.4部、150mLのポリ容器へ入れ、真空ミキサー「あわとり練太郎」(シンキー社製)を用いて、室温下で5分間攪拌しながら混合し、繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物を得た。
(ガラス転移温度測定用試験片の作製)
この繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物を、平板形状にくり抜かれた4mm厚のスペーサーを設けた縦80mm×横80mmの金型へ流し込み、100℃で1時間、更に120℃で3時間硬化した後、卓上バンドソーを用いて50mm×10mmの大きさに切削し、後述するガラス転移温度の測定に用いた。
(引張り試験片の作製)
この繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物を、ダンベル形状にくり抜かれたスペーサーを設けた縦180mm×横180mmの金型へ流し込み、100℃で1時間、更に120℃で3時間硬化してJIS7161-2に記載の1B型試験片に準拠した、引張り試験に供する試験片を作製し、後述する引張り試験の測定に用いた。
(A)~(E)成分として表1および表2に記載された組成にて各原料を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の混合条件にて繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物を作製し、加えて実施例1と同様の成形手法にて引張り試験に供する試験片とガラス転移温度測定用試験片を作製した。
25℃における粘度の値は、E型粘度計コーンプレートタイプを用いて測定した。繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物を調整し、その内1.1mLを測定に用い、測定開始から60秒経過後の値を初期粘度の値とした。また、調整した繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物を、25℃に設定した恒温水槽に8時間静置させてからE型粘度計コーンプレートタイプを用いて同様に粘度の測定を実施し、測定開始から60秒経過後の値を8時間経過後の粘度の値とした。また、粘度増加率を100×(8時間経過後の粘度/初期粘度)の式を用いて算出した。
動的粘弾性試験機を用いて、ガラス転移温度測定用試験片を昇温速度5℃/分、曲げモード、測定周波数10Hzの条件で測定し、損失弾性率(E’’)の最大値をガラス転移温度とした。
オートグラフAGS-X(島津製作所製)を用いて、引張り試験片をJIS7161-2に準拠した手法により測定し、試験片が破断した時点における変位量から引張り破断ひずみ量を求めた。
B m=1体を示すピーク
C n=1体を示すピーク
Claims (6)
- エポキシ樹脂(A)、酸無水物系硬化剤(B)、イミダゾール系硬化促進剤(C)を必須成分とし、E型粘度計により測定した25℃における粘度が50~800mPa・sの範囲であり、25℃にて8時間経過後の粘度増加率が200%以下を示し、前記エポキシ樹脂(A)の50質量%以上が、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物及び下記一般式(2)で表される化合物を含むフェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂であって、該フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂が、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー測定において下記一般式(1)で表される化合物のm=0体を75面積%以上、m=1体を6面積%以下の割合で含有することを特徴とする繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物。
- フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂が、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー測定において前記一般式(2)で表される化合物のn=1体を8面積%以上16面積%以下の割合で含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物。
- エポキシ樹脂(A)、酸無水物系硬化剤(B)、イミダゾール系硬化促進剤(C)に加え、酸基を含有しない25℃で液状のラジカル重合性モノマー(D)を含み、ラジカル重合性モノマー(D)の配合量が(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分、(D)成分の合計量100質量部に対し、5~25質量部であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物に、強化繊維を配合してなることを特徴とする繊維強化複合材料。
- 強化繊維の体積含有率が50~70%である請求項4に記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 請求項4又は5に記載の繊維強化複合材料を、ウェットレイアップ成形法、引き抜き成形法、またはフィラメントワインディング成形法で成形して得られる成形体。
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WO2018123442A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-05 | 新日鉄住金化学株式会社 | 硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物、それを用いた繊維強化複合材料及び成形体 |
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US10647826B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 |
EP3357952A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
EP3357952A4 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
CA2999423A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
EP3357952B1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
US20190055369A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 |
JPWO2017057689A1 (ja) | 2018-09-06 |
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