WO2017037987A1 - 発光装置 - Google Patents
発光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017037987A1 WO2017037987A1 PCT/JP2016/003239 JP2016003239W WO2017037987A1 WO 2017037987 A1 WO2017037987 A1 WO 2017037987A1 JP 2016003239 W JP2016003239 W JP 2016003239W WO 2017037987 A1 WO2017037987 A1 WO 2017037987A1
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 334
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 166
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/858—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/302—Details of OLEDs of OLED structures
- H10K2102/3023—Direction of light emission
- H10K2102/3035—Edge emission
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light emitting device.
- Patent Document 1 proposes an organic EL element for illumination.
- the light extraction layer has, for example, a concavo-convex structure of a concavo-convex pattern in which a plurality of minute nano-order convex portions and concave portions are arranged in a periodic turn.
- An organic EL element for illumination that emits white light is required to have a small wavelength dependency of light extraction efficiency and a small viewing angle dependency of chromaticity.
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and even when a plurality of convex portions in a concavo-convex structure are randomly arranged, the occurrence of percolation can be suppressed, and a light emitting device excellent in light extraction efficiency
- the purpose is to provide.
- one embodiment of a light emitting device includes a light emitting layer, a first layer disposed on a light emitting side of the light emitting layer, and a light emitting side of the first layer. And a second layer disposed in contact with the first layer, and a plurality of steps having two or more steps at a boundary between the first layer and the second layer A concavo-convex structure composed of convex portions is formed, the refractive index of the first layer is larger than the refractive index of the second layer, and the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure is a pattern formed by a space-filling curve. It is.
- another embodiment of a light emitting device includes a light emitting layer, a first layer disposed on a light emitting side of the light emitting layer, and the first layer.
- a second layer disposed on the light emitting side and disposed in contact with the first layer, wherein two or more steps are provided at a boundary between the first layer and the second layer.
- a concavo-convex structure including a plurality of convex portions having a refractive index of the first layer is larger than a refractive index of the second layer, and the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure is a fractal tiling pattern. It is.
- FIG. 1A is a plan view of the light-emitting device according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device according to Embodiment 1 taken along line IB-IB in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer in the light emitting device of Conventional Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer in the light emitting device of Conventional Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a model diagram of a light extraction layer having a laminated structure of a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram showing a concavo-convex pattern (diffraction grating pattern) that is the basis of the concavo-convex structure at the interface between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer in the light extraction layer of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 5B is a diagram showing a concavo-convex pattern (space filling curve pattern) that is the basis of the concavo-convex structure at the interface between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer in the light extraction layer in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a light incident angle ⁇ and a transmitted light amount when the uneven pattern of the uneven structure of the light extraction layer illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diffraction grating pattern.
- 6B is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the light incident angle ⁇ and the transmitted light amount when the uneven pattern of the uneven structure of the light extraction layer illustrated in FIG. 4 is a space filling curve pattern.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the light incident angle ⁇ and the transmitted light amount when the convex portion of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer illustrated in FIG. 4 is a single level.
- FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the light incident angle ⁇ and the amount of transmitted light when the convex portions of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer illustrated in FIG. 4 are multilevel.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the uneven pattern of the uneven structure in the light extraction layer of FIG. 4 and the transmitted light amount improvement rate.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of convex portions and the transmitted light amount improvement rate when a space filling pattern is used as the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure in the light extraction layer of FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a curve that is a source of the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer in the light-emitting device according to Modification Example 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a curve that is a source of the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer in the light-emitting device according to the second modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a curve that is a source of the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer in the light-emitting device according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a curve that is a source of the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer in the light-emitting device according to Modification 4 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a curve that is a source of the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer in the light-emitting device according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 13
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a curve that is a source of the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer in the light-emitting device according to Modification Example 5 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 15A is a plan view of the light-emitting device according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 15B is a cross-sectional view of the light emitting device according to Embodiment 2 taken along line XVB-XVB in FIG. 15A.
- FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of region X in FIG. 15A.
- FIG. 17A is a diagram showing a unit pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer in the light emitting device according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 17B is a diagram showing a unit pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer in the light emitting device according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 18 is a model diagram of a light extraction layer having a laminated structure of a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer.
- FIG. 19A is a diagram showing a concavo-convex pattern (diffraction grating pattern) of the concavo-convex structure at the interface between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer in the light extraction layer of FIG.
- FIG. 19B is a diagram showing a concavo-convex pattern (fractile tiling pattern) of the concavo-convex structure at the interface between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer in the light extraction layer of FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the uneven pattern of the uneven structure in the light extraction layer of FIG. 18 and the transmitted light amount improvement rate.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a unit pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer in the light-emitting device according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a unit pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer in the light-emitting device according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 1A is a plan view of the light-emitting device 1 according to Embodiment 1, and shows a concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer 120 when viewed through the organic EL layer 110.
- FIG. FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the light emitting device 1 taken along line IB-IB in FIG. 1A.
- the light emitting device 1 is a surface light emitting device that emits surface light, and includes an organic EL layer 110 and a light extraction layer 120 disposed on the light emitting side of the organic EL layer 110. .
- the light emitting device 1 further includes a substrate 130. Note that an air layer (atmosphere) 120 exists around the light emitting device 1, and the surface of the substrate 130 is exposed to the air layer.
- the organic EL layer 110 is provided on the light extraction layer 120.
- the organic EL layer 110 is provided above the substrate 130. As shown by the arrow in FIG. 1B, in the present embodiment, the organic EL layer 110 emits light toward the substrate 130 located below. That is, the light emitting device 1 is a bottom emission type light emitting device.
- the organic EL layer 110 is, for example, an organic EL element that emits white light, and includes a light emitting layer 111, a first electrode 112, and a second electrode 113.
- the light emitting layer 111 is a surface light emitting layer provided between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 113.
- the light emitting layer 111 is an organic light emitting layer made of an organic light emitting material. When a predetermined voltage is applied to the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 113, the organic light emitting material is excited to emit light.
- the refractive index of the light emitting layer 111 is about 1.8 as an example.
- the first electrode 112 is an electrode layer provided between the light extraction layer 120 and the light emitting layer 111. In this embodiment, the first electrode 112 is provided over the light extraction layer 120. Specifically, the first electrode 112 is provided on the first layer 121 of the light extraction layer 120.
- the first electrode 112 is a transparent electrode made of a transparent metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO). In this embodiment, an ITO film having a refractive index of 2.0 is used as the first electrode 112. Note that the first electrode 112 may be a metal thin film as long as it has optical transparency.
- the second electrode 113 is an electrode layer provided on the light emitting layer 111.
- the second electrode 113 is a reflective electrode having reflectivity, and is a metal electrode (metal film) made of, for example, aluminum (Al) or silver alloy APC.
- a functional layer such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, or an electron injection layer is included between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 113. It may be.
- a sealing layer made of resin or the like, or a sealing substrate made of glass or the like may be provided on the organic EL layer 110 (second electrode 113).
- a transparent adhesion layer may be formed between the substrate 130 and the light extraction layer 120.
- the light extraction layer 120 is provided on the light emission side (light extraction side) of the organic EL layer 110.
- the light extraction layer 120 is a light transmission layer, and makes the light emitted from the organic EL layer 110 enter the substrate 130.
- the light extraction layer 120 is provided on the substrate 130. That is, the light extraction layer 120 is provided between the substrate 130 and the organic EL layer 110.
- the light extraction layer 120 includes a first layer 121 (first light extraction layer) and a second layer 122 (second light extraction layer).
- the light extraction layer 120 (the first layer 121 and the second layer 122) is a sheet-like optical sheet made of, for example, a transparent resin material, and can be produced by, for example, nanoimprinting.
- the first layer 121 is disposed on the light emitting side of the light emitting layer 111. Specifically, the first layer 121 is provided on the entire surface of the organic EL layer 110 on the light emission side (light extraction side). The first layer 121 transmits light from the organic EL layer 110 toward the second layer 122.
- the second layer 122 is disposed on the light emitting side of the first layer 121 and is in contact with the first layer 121. Specifically, the second layer 122 is provided on the entire surface of the first layer 121 on the light emission side (light extraction side). Specifically, the second layer 122 is in contact with the substrate 130. The second layer 122 transmits the light from the first layer 121 toward the substrate 30.
- the substrate 130 transmits the light from the light extraction layer 120 toward the air layer.
- the substrate 130 is a light-transmitting substrate such as a glass substrate or a transparent resin substrate.
- the substrate 130 may be a rigid substrate or a flexible flexible substrate.
- the substrate 130 is a glass substrate having a refractive index of 1.51.
- the refractive index of the first layer 121 is larger than the refractive index of the second layer 122. That is, the first layer 121 is a high refractive index layer, the second layer 122 is a low refractive index layer, the refractive index of the first layer 121 (effective refractive index) and n 1, a second layer When the refractive index (effective refractive index) of 122 is n 2 , the first layer 121 and the second layer 122 satisfy the relationship of n 1 > n 2 .
- the refractive index of the substrate 130 is n 3
- the refractive index of the light emitting layer 111 is n 4 , n 4 ⁇ n It is preferable to satisfy the relational expression of 1 ⁇ n 3 ⁇ n 0 .
- the refractive index of the second layer 122 only needs to satisfy the relationship of n 1 > n 2 as described above, and does not necessarily need to satisfy n 2 > n 3 .
- a concavo-convex structure (light extraction structure) including a plurality of convex portions 120a having two or more steps (multilevel) at the boundary between the first layer 121 and the second layer 122. Is formed. That is, the interface between the first layer 121 and the second layer 122 is an uneven surface.
- the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer 120 has a configuration in which a plurality of minute convex portions 120a and concave portions 120b of nano-order (maximum 1 ⁇ m) are arranged. All of the plurality of protrusions 120a in the concavo-convex structure may have two or more steps. That is, it is preferable that the plurality of convex portions 120a do not include a single-level convex portion (single level).
- each protrusion 120a includes a first step 120a1 and a second step 120a2 located on the first step 120a1.
- the diameter of the first step 120a1 is larger than the diameter of the second step 120a2.
- each protrusion 120a When the height (length in the stacking direction) of each protrusion 120a is H, for example, 0.2 ⁇ m ⁇ H ⁇ 20 or less. Further, in each convex portion 120a, when the height of the first step 120a1 is h 1 and the height of the second step 120a2 is h 2 , for example, 0.1 ⁇ m ⁇ h 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, 0. 1 ⁇ h 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m.
- the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure composed of a plurality of convex portions 120a is a pattern formed by a space filling curve as shown in FIG. 1A. That is, when the light emitting device 1 is viewed in plan, the outline 140 of the stepped corner (edge) of the convex portion 120a of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer 120 is a pattern formed by a space filling curve.
- the concavo-convex pattern shown in FIG. 1A is formed using a Hilbert curve as a space filling curve.
- the contour 140 is a double line (two lines) as shown in FIG. 1A, and the first contour showing the first step. It has the line 141 and the 2nd outline 142 which shows the 2nd step
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer in the light emitting device of Conventional Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer in the light emitting device of Conventional Example 2.
- the concave / convex pattern of the light extraction layer is configured by randomly arranging a plurality of convex portions or concave portions by a random generation algorithm or the like, for example, the concave / convex pattern as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is obtained.
- one of the first region shown in black and the second region shown in white shows a convex portion and the other shows a concave portion.
- convex portions or concave portions are randomly arranged in a lattice shape.
- the circular convex part or recessed part is arrange
- the uneven structure formed at the boundary between the first layer 121 and the second layer 122 in the light extraction layer 120 disposed on the light emitting side of the light emitting layer 111 is
- the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure is a pattern formed by a space-filling curve.
- the concavo-convex pattern includes a plurality of convex portions 120a having two or more steps.
- the uneven structure in the light extraction layer 120 is constituted by a plurality of convex portions 120a each having two or more steps (that is, by forming a multi-level uneven structure), and thus excellent light extraction efficiency. Can be realized. First, this point will be described.
- Providing the light extraction layer 120 with a concavo-convex structure can generate propagating light that is emitted obliquely from the corners (edges) of the steps of the convex portions (concave portions), so that light is incident at an incident angle greater than the critical angle. Even in such a case, light can be extracted. Therefore, it is considered that the light extraction efficiency can be improved by increasing the proportion of the convex portions in the concavo-convex structure. However, if the proportion of the convex portions is simply increased, the interval between the adjacent convex portions becomes narrow. Therefore, the light extraction efficiency is not sufficiently improved. As described above, in order to effectively improve the light extraction efficiency, the unevenness ratio (ratio of protrusions to recesses) in the uneven structure is important.
- the convex portion of the concavo-convex structure is not configured with only one step (single level), but the convex portion 120a of the concavo-convex structure is configured with two or more steps (multilevel) as in the present embodiment. I thought.
- This makes it possible to realize an optimum unevenness ratio without making adjacent convex portions 120a too close to each other, so that the convex portion can be compared with the case where the corner portion of the convex portion 120a is configured with only one step (single level).
- the existence ratio of the corner of the step of the (recess) can be easily doubled or more. As a result, the rate at which incident light can be converted into propagating light can be increased. In addition, incident light can be converted into propagating light in a wider range than in the case of only one step (single level).
- the concavo-convex structure in the light extraction layer 120 by a plurality of convex portions 120a each having two or more steps, the ridges 120a (concave portions) are inclined from the corners (edges) of the steps. More outgoing propagating light can be generated. As a result, incident light can be efficiently converted into propagating light at two or more step portions of the convex portion 120a (concave portion) compared to the case where the convex portion constituting the concavo-convex structure has only one step (single level). , Light extraction efficiency can be dramatically improved.
- the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure in the light extraction layer 120 is formed by the space filling curve, the multi-stage convex portions 120a can be efficiently arranged along the space filling curve. That is, it is possible to arrange a large number of multi-stage convex portions 120a with an optimal concave / convex ratio without making adjacent convex portions 120a too close to each other. Furthermore, by forming the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure in the light extraction layer 120 with a space filling curve, a plurality of azimuths (edges) of steps of the protrusion 120a can be present at random.
- the concavo-convex pattern with a space-filling curve, it is possible to eliminate the periodicity of the concavo-convex structure by giving randomness to the arrangement of the ridges 120a, and the step of the ridge 120a per unit area.
- the corner ratio can be optimized and refined.
- FIG. 4 is a model diagram of a light extraction layer having a laminated structure of a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer. An uneven structure is formed at the interface (light extraction structure forming surface) between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer in the light extraction layer of FIG.
- FIG. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing a concavo-convex pattern that is the basis of the concavo-convex structure at the interface between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer in the light extraction layer in FIG. 4, and FIG. Indicates a space-filling curve pattern. Note that the pattern shown in FIG. 5B is the same as the pattern shown in FIG. 1A, and is an uneven pattern with a Hilbert curve.
- FIG. 4 shows a case where light is incident on the low refractive index layer from the high refractive index layer, and the light incident direction is a direction from the high refractive index layer toward the low refractive index layer.
- optical analysis of light transmittance was performed using the incident light beam angles ⁇ and ⁇ shown in FIG. 4 as parameters.
- FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B show the simulation results, and show the relationship (transmittance azimuth dependence) between the light incident angle ⁇ and the transmitted light amount in the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6A shows the transmittance azimuth dependency when the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure is a diffraction grating pattern (FIG. 5A)
- FIG. 6B shows that the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure is a space filling curve pattern (FIG. 5B).
- FIGS. 7A and 7B show the relationship (transmittance azimuth dependency) between the light incident angle ⁇ and the transmittance in the uneven structure of the light extraction layer shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7A shows the transmittance azimuth dependency when the convex part of the concavo-convex structure has only one step (single level), and
- FIG. 7B shows that the convex part of the concavo-convex structure has two steps.
- the transmittance orientation dependency in a case (multilevel) is shown.
- 7A and 7B show the results when the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure is the diffraction grating pattern of FIG. 5A and the results when it is the space-filling curve pattern of FIG. 5B.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the uneven pattern of the uneven structure in the light extraction layer of FIG. 4 and the transmitted light amount improvement rate, and the transmitted light amount based on the light transmittance (light transmission amount) of FIGS. 7A and 7B. The result of calculating the improvement rate is shown.
- the transmitted light amount improvement rate of each pattern indicates a ratio when the interface between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer in FIG.
- the “space filling curve (single level)” is a space filling curve pattern in which the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure at the interface between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer is The result when the convex part of the concavo-convex structure is only one step is shown.
- the “diffraction grating (single level)” means that the uneven pattern of the uneven structure at the interface between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer is a diffraction grating pattern, and the convex part of the uneven structure has only one step. Shows the results of the case.
- the “space filling curve (multi-level)” is a space filling curve pattern in the concavo-convex structure of the concavo-convex structure at the interface between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer. The result in the case of a step is shown.
- the “diffraction grating (multi-level)” is a concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure at the interface between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer, and the convex part of the concavo-convex structure has two steps. The result in some cases is shown.
- FIG. 7A, FIG. 7B, and FIG. 8 show that by using a space-filling curve pattern as the concavo-convex pattern, in-plane arrangement can be achieved without reducing the line density. Further, it can be seen that by using the space filling curve pattern as the concavo-convex pattern, the transmitted light amount improvement rate can be maintained as compared with the case where the concavo-convex pattern is a diffraction grating pattern.
- the amount of transmitted light is greatly improved by using a space filling curve pattern as the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer and making the step of the convex part two steps (multi-level). That is, the light extraction efficiency in the light extraction layer can be improved.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of protrusions and the transmitted light amount improvement rate when a space filling pattern is used as the uneven pattern of the uneven structure in the light extraction layer of FIG. That is, FIG. 9 shows the step number dependency of the convex portion of the concavo-convex structure. Also in FIG. 9, the transmitted light amount improvement rate indicates a ratio when the case where the interface between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer in FIG.
- the transmitted light amount improvement rate is improved by increasing the number of steps of the convex part of the concavo-convex structure. That is, the light extraction efficiency in the light extraction layer can be improved by increasing the number of steps of the protrusions of the concavo-convex structure.
- the convex portion 120a of the concave-convex structure of the light extraction layer 120 has a structure (multi-level) having two or more steps, and the concave-convex pattern of the concave-convex structure is filled with space.
- a curve By forming with a curve, it is possible to achieve both the randomization of the convex portion 120a and the densification of the corner portion of the step of the convex portion 120a.
- the wavelength dependency of the light extraction efficiency and the viewing angle dependency of the chromaticity can be reduced by arranging the convex portions 120a in the concavo-convex structure at random to extract the light without azimuthal orientation, and the convex portion 120a.
- the light extraction efficiency can be improved by the corners of the two or more steps.
- the space filling curve that is the basis of the uneven pattern of the light extraction layer 120 is a Hilbert curve.
- a Moore version of a Hilbert curve may be used as shown in (a) to (d) of FIG.
- a Peano curve may be used as shown in FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b).
- a switchback type Peano curve may be used.
- a meander type Peano curve may be used as shown in FIG. 13, or in FIGS. 14 (a) to (d). As shown, a Sherpinski curve may be used.
- all of the plurality of convex portions 120a have two or more steps.
- the light emitting layer 111 is an organic light emitting layer.
- the light emitting device 1 using the organic EL layer 110 (organic EL element) as a light source can be realized.
- FIG. 15A is a plan view of the light emitting device 2 according to Embodiment 2, and shows a concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer 220 when viewed through the organic EL layer 210.
- FIG. FIG. 15B is a cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device 2 taken along the line XVB-XVB in FIGS. 15A and 16.
- FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of region X in FIG. 15A.
- the light-emitting device 2 is a surface light-emitting device that emits light, and includes an organic EL layer 110, a light extraction layer 220 disposed on the light emission side of the organic EL layer 110, and a substrate. 130. Note that an air layer (atmosphere) 220 exists around the light emitting device 2, and the surface of the substrate 130 is exposed to the air layer.
- the organic EL layer 110 is provided on the light extraction layer 220.
- the organic EL layer 210 is provided above the substrate 230. As shown by the arrow in FIG. 15B, also in this embodiment, the organic EL layer 210 emits light toward the substrate 30 side located below. That is, the light emitting device 2 is a bottom emission type light emitting device as in the first embodiment.
- the light extraction layer 220 is provided on the light emission side (light extraction side) of the organic EL layer 210.
- the light extraction layer 220 is a light transmission layer, and makes the light emitted from the organic EL layer 210 enter the substrate 130.
- the light extraction layer 220 is provided on the substrate 30. That is, the light extraction layer 220 is provided between the substrate 130 and the organic EL layer 110.
- the light extraction layer 220 includes a first layer 221 (first light extraction layer) and a second layer 222 (second light extraction layer).
- the light extraction layer 220 (the first layer 221 and the second layer 222) is a sheet-like optical sheet made of, for example, a transparent resin material, and can be produced by, for example, nanoimprinting.
- the first layer 221 is disposed on the light emitting side of the light emitting layer 111. Specifically, the first layer 221 is provided on the entire surface of the organic EL layer 110 on the light emission side (light extraction side). The first layer 221 transmits the light from the organic EL layer 110 toward the second layer 222.
- the second layer 222 is disposed on the light emission side of the first layer 221 and is in contact with the first layer 221. Specifically, the second layer 222 is provided on the entire surface of the light emission side (light extraction side) of the first layer 221. Specifically, the second layer 222 is in contact with the substrate 130. The second layer 222 transmits the light from the first layer 221 toward the substrate 130.
- the refractive index of the first layer 221 is larger than the refractive index of the second layer 222. That is, the first layer 221 is a high refractive index layer, the second layer 222 is a low refractive index layer, the refractive index (effective refractive index) of the first layer 221 is n 1, and the second layer When the refractive index (effective refractive index) of 222 is n 2 , the first layer 221 and the second layer 222 satisfy the relationship of n 1 > n 2 .
- the refractive index of the substrate 130 is n 3
- the refractive index of the light emitting layer 111 is n 4 , n 4 ⁇ n It is preferable to satisfy the relational expression of 1 ⁇ n 3 ⁇ n 0 .
- the refractive index of the second layer 222 only needs to satisfy the relationship of n 1 > n 2 as described above, and does not necessarily need to satisfy n 2 > n 3 .
- a concavo-convex structure (light extraction structure) including a plurality of convex portions 220a having two or more steps (multilevel) at the boundary between the first layer 221 and the second layer 222. Is formed. That is, the interface between the first layer 221 and the second layer 222 is an uneven surface.
- the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer 220 has a configuration in which a plurality of minute convex portions 220a and concave portions 220b of nano-order (maximum 1 ⁇ m) are arranged. All of the plurality of protrusions 220a in the concavo-convex structure may have two or more steps. In other words, it is preferable that the plurality of convex portions 220a do not include a single-level convex portion (single level).
- each convex portion 220a includes a first stepped portion 220a1 and a second stepped portion 220a2 positioned on the first stepped portion 220a1.
- the diameter of the first step 220a1 is larger than the diameter of the second step 220a2.
- each convex portion 220a When the height (length in the stacking direction) of each convex portion 220a is H, for example, 0.2 ⁇ m ⁇ H ⁇ 20 ⁇ m. Further, the respective convex portions 220a, the height of the first step portion 220a1 and h 1, and the height of the second step portion 220a2 and h 2, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m ⁇ h 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, 0. 1 ⁇ h 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m.
- the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure composed of a plurality of convex portions 220a is a fractal tiling pattern as shown in FIGS. 15A and 16. That is, when the light emitting device 2 is viewed in plan, the contour line 240 of the corner (edge) of the step of the convex portion 220a of the concave-convex structure of the light extraction layer 220 is a fractal tiling pattern.
- the concavo-convex pattern of the light extraction layer 220 is obtained by dividing a predetermined unit pattern randomly rotated when each concavo-convex pattern is divided into square virtual unit regions (microregions) 250 without gaps.
- the pattern is assigned to the unit area 250.
- the concavo-convex pattern of the light extraction layer 220 is a pattern in which predetermined square unit patterns are randomly rotated and arranged without gaps.
- the entire region of the uneven pattern in the light extraction layer 220 is a rectangular region in which square virtual unit regions 250 are arranged in a matrix (matrix).
- corrugated pattern is equally divided
- the predetermined unit pattern assigned to each virtual unit region 250 of the concavo-convex pattern of the light extraction layer 220 is configured by a contour line 240 indicating the step of the convex portion 220a. That is, each unit pattern indicates the locus of the outline 240 of the corner (edge) of the step of the convex portion 220a.
- the contour line 240 since the convex portion 220a is a two-step step, as shown in FIG. 16, the contour line 240 has a first contour line 241 indicating the first step and a second step indicating the second step. And an outline 242.
- FIG. 17A is a diagram showing a unit pattern (virtual unit region 250) of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer 220 in the light emitting device 2 according to the present embodiment, and shows a region Y indicated by hatching in FIG.
- FIG. 17B shows a pattern when the unit pattern shown in FIG. 17A is rotated by 270 °.
- the outline 240 indicating the step of the convex portion 220a has a rotationally symmetric shape and is a square that defines the virtual unit region 250.
- a first line 240a (first pattern line) connecting the centers of two adjacent sides of one set of the four sides and another set of adjacent four of the four sides of the square defining the virtual unit region 250
- a second line 240b (second pattern line) connecting the center portions of the two sides.
- the contour 240 indicating the step of the convex portion 220a in each predetermined unit pattern is a double line (two lines) as shown in FIG. 17A. It has become. That is, each of the first line 240a and the second line 240b in each predetermined unit pattern is a double line. Therefore, one of the double lines of the contour line 240 (the first line 240a and the second line 240b) indicates the locus of the corner of the first step, and the other of the double lines is the second step. The locus of the corner will be shown.
- the contour lines 240 (first line 240a and second line 240b) are arcuate.
- a pattern obtained by rotating a predetermined unit pattern shown in FIG. 17A so as to follow a square that defines the virtual unit region 250 is assigned to each virtual unit region 250 of the uneven pattern of the light extraction layer 220. Specifically, a pattern obtained by rotating the predetermined unit pattern shown in FIG. 17A to 90 degrees, 180 degrees, or 270 degrees is assigned to each virtual unit region 250.
- the outline 240 indicating the step of the convex portion 220a in the unit pattern shown in FIG. 17A has a rotationally symmetric shape, for example, when the unit pattern shown in FIG. 17A is rotated by 90 degrees, the pattern shown in FIG. 17B is obtained. Further, when the unit pattern shown in FIG. 17A is rotated by 180 degrees, it becomes the same as the pattern shown in FIG. 17A. When the unit pattern shown in FIG. 17A is rotated by 270 degrees, the pattern shown in FIG. 17B is obtained. That is, either the unit pattern shown in FIG. 17A or the unit pattern shown in FIG. 17B is assigned to each virtual unit region 250 in the concavo-convex pattern of the light extraction layer 220.
- a plurality of convex portions or concave portions are randomly arranged by a random generation algorithm or the like. ) Occur in many places where there are no stepped corners, and the light extraction efficiency decreases.
- the uneven structure formed at the boundary between the first layer 221 and the second layer 222 in the light extraction layer 220 disposed on the light emitting side of the light emitting layer 111 is
- the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure is constituted by a plurality of convex portions 220a having two or more steps, and is a fractal tiling pattern.
- the concavo-convex structure in the light extraction layer 220 with a plurality of convex portions 220a each having two or more steps (that is, a multilevel concavo-convex structure), Similarly, excellent light extraction efficiency can be realized.
- the concavo-convex structure in the light extraction layer 220 by forming the concavo-convex structure in the light extraction layer 220 by a plurality of convex portions 220a each having two or more steps (multi-level), it is oblique from the corner (edge) of the step of the convex portion 220a (concave portion). More propagation light emitted in the direction can be generated. As a result, incident light can be efficiently converted into propagating light at two or more step portions of the convex portion 220a (concave portion) as compared with the case where the convex portion constituting the concave-convex structure has only one step (single level). , Light extraction efficiency can be dramatically improved.
- the uneven pattern of the light extraction layer 220 uneven structure is a fractal tiling pattern.
- the periodicity of the concavo-convex structure is not erased by the existence probability of the convex portion 220a that gives the randomness to the presence of the convex portion 220a, but a plurality of virtual unit regions that are equally divided
- the periodicity of the concavo-convex structure is eliminated by giving randomness to the arrangement of the convex portions 220a with respect to 250.
- the concavo-convex structure is obtained while all the virtual unit regions 250 of the concavo-convex pattern are completely filled with the corners (edges) of the step of the convex portion 220a to eliminate percolation. Randomness is given.
- each virtual unit region 250 it is possible to improve the light extraction efficiency by generating propagating light from the corners of the steps of the protrusions 220a, and to arrange the protrusions 220a in the concavo-convex structure randomly. Then, by removing the light with no azimuth deviation, the wavelength dependency of the light extraction efficiency and the viewing angle dependency of the chromaticity can be reduced.
- the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer is a diffraction grating pattern (comparative example) and the case of a fractal tiling pattern (this embodiment), there is one convex part of the concavo-convex structure. Since the simulation regarding the light extraction efficiency in the case of only the step (single level) and the case of the two steps (multi-level) was performed, the simulation result will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 18 is a model diagram of a light extraction layer having a laminated structure of a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer.
- a concavo-convex structure is formed at the interface (light extraction structure forming surface) between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer in the light extraction layer of FIG.
- FIG. 19A and 19B are diagrams showing a concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure at the interface between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer in the light extraction layer of FIG. 18,
- FIG. 19A is a diffraction grating pattern
- FIG. 19B is a fractile.
- a tiling pattern is shown. Note that the pattern shown in FIG. 19B is the same as the pattern shown in FIG. 15A.
- FIG. 18 shows a case where light is incident on the low refractive index layer from the high refractive index layer as in the model diagram shown in FIG. 4, and the light incident direction is from the high refractive index layer to the low refractive index layer. The direction is heading. Also in this simulation, optical analysis of light transmittance was performed using the incident light beam angles ⁇ and ⁇ shown in FIG. 18 as parameters.
- FIG. 20 shows the simulation result and is a diagram showing the relationship between the uneven pattern of the uneven structure in the light extraction layer of FIG. 18 and the transmitted light amount improvement rate.
- the transmitted light amount improvement rate of each pattern indicates the ratio when the interface between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer in FIG.
- “diffraction grating (single level)” is a diffraction grating having a concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure at the interface between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer, and a single convex part of the concavo-convex structure. The result in the case of only a step is shown.
- “Fractal tiling (single level)” is a fractal tiling pattern in which the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure at the interface between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer is one step. Only the results are shown.
- fractal tiling (multilevel) is a fractal tiling pattern in which the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure at the interface between the high-refractive index layer and the low-refractive index layer, and the convex part of the concavo-convex structure has two steps. The result in the case of a step is shown.
- the concavo-convex pattern is a diffraction grating when there is only one step (single level).
- the transmitted light quantity does not increase and the transmitted light quantity improvement rate does not improve.
- the amount of transmitted light is greatly improved by using a fractal tiling pattern as the concavo-convex pattern of the concavo-convex structure of the light extraction layer and making the step of the convex part two steps (multilevel). That is, the light extraction efficiency in the light extraction layer can be improved.
- each of the plurality of convex portions 220a in the concave-convex structure of the light extraction layer 220 is configured to have two or more steps, and the concave-convex pattern of this concave-convex structure
- percolation occurs even when a plurality of convex portions 220a in the concavo-convex structure are randomly arranged Can be suppressed. Thereby, the outstanding light extraction efficiency can be maintained.
- the concave / convex pattern of the light extraction layer 220 is obtained by dividing a predetermined unit pattern randomly rotated into each virtual unit region 250 when the concave / convex pattern is divided into square virtual unit regions 250 without a gap. Is the pattern assigned to.
- the contour line 40 indicating the step of the convex portion 220a in the predetermined unit pattern has a rotationally symmetric shape and the center of a pair of two adjacent sides of the four sides of the square that defines the virtual unit region 250. The first line that connects the parts and the second line that connects the central parts of another pair of two adjacent sides of the four sides of the square that define the virtual unit region 50.
- the concave / convex pattern of the light extraction layer 220 becomes a pattern in which the contour line 240 indicating the step of the convex portion 220a is continuously present without interruption in all the virtual unit regions 250 except the outer peripheral edge.
- the contour line 240 is a closed line in a loop shape, and the contour line 240 has no branch point. That is, in the region excluding the outer peripheral edge, the contour line 240 does not have an open end (termination) serving as a branch tip. Therefore, a concavo-convex structure without percolation can be realized in the entire region of the concavo-convex pattern of the light extraction layer 220.
- the first line 240a and the second line 240b which are the contour lines 240 indicating the steps of the convex part 220a, are arcuate.
- the locus of the corner of the step of the convex portion 220a can be a continuous smooth curve, and the steps of the convex portion 220a can be evenly arranged. . Therefore, the wavelength dependency of the light extraction efficiency and the viewing angle dependency of the chromaticity can be further reduced, and the conversion loss of the propagation light at the corner of the convex portion 220a can be reduced, so that the light extraction efficiency can be improved.
- all of the plurality of convex portions 220a have two or more steps.
- the light emitting layer 111 is an organic light emitting layer.
- the light emitting device 2 using the organic EL layer 110 (organic EL element) as a light source can be realized.
- the predetermined unit pattern in each virtual unit region 250 is not limited to the pattern shown in FIG. 17A.
- the pattern shown in FIG. 21 or the pattern shown in FIG. 22 may be used as the predetermined unit pattern in each virtual unit region 250. That is, the contour line 240 (the first line 240a and the second line 240b) indicating the corners of the step of the convex part 220a is not limited to the arc shape.
- the contour line 240 is a rotationally symmetric shape, and the first line 240a that connects the center portions of two adjacent sides of the four sides of the square in the virtual unit region 250, and the four sides of the square.
- wire 240b which connects center part of two sets of other sides which adjoin among them.
- the contour line 240 is not desirable.
- the light emitting device 1 is a bottom emission type, but may be a top emission type.
- the organic EL layer 10 (organic EL element) is used as the light source of the light emitting device 1, but the present invention is not limited to this. Specifically, as the light source of the light emitting device 1, other solid light emitting elements such as inorganic EL elements may be used.
- the embodiment can be realized by arbitrarily combining the components and functions in each embodiment without departing from the scope of the present invention, or a form obtained by subjecting each embodiment to various modifications conceived by those skilled in the art. Forms are also included in the present invention.
Abstract
Description
実施の形態1に係る発光装置1の構成について、図1A及び図1Bを用いて説明する。図1Aは、実施の形態1に係る発光装置1の平面図であり、有機EL層110を透過して見たときにおける光取り出し層120の凹凸構造の凹凸パターンを示している。図1Bは、図1AのIB-IB線における同発光装置1の断面図である。
次に、実施の形態2に係る発光装置2の構成について、図15A、図15B及び図16を用いて説明する。図15Aは、実施の形態2に係る発光装置2の平面図であり、有機EL層210を透過して見たときにおける光取り出し層220の凹凸構造の凹凸パターンを示している。図15Bは、図15A及び図16のXVB-XVB線における同発光装置2の断面図である。図16は、図15Aにおける領域Xの拡大図である。
以上、本発明に係る発光装置について、実施の形態に基づいて説明したが、本発明は、上記の実施の形態1、2に限定されるものではない。
111 発光層
120a、220a 凸部
121、221 第1の層
122、222 第2の層
Claims (8)
- 発光層と、
前記発光層の光出射側に配置される第1の層と、
前記第1の層の光出射側に配置され、且つ、前記第1の層に接して配置される第2の層とを備え、
前記第1の層と前記第2の層との境界には、2段以上の段差を有する複数の凸部からなる凹凸構造が形成されており、
前記第1の層の屈折率は、前記第2の層の屈折率よりも大きく、
前記凹凸構造の凹凸パターンは、空間充填曲線によって形成されたパターンである
発光装置。 - 前記空間充填曲線は、ヒルベルト曲線である
請求項1に記載の発光装置。 - 前記空間充填曲線は、ペアノ曲線である
請求項1に記載の発光装置。 - 発光層と、
前記発光層の光出射側に配置された第1の層と、
前記第1の層の光出射側に配置され、且つ、前記第1の層に接して配置された第2の層とを備え、
前記第1の層と前記第2の層との境界には、2段以上の段差を有する複数の凸部からなる凹凸構造が形成されており、
前記第1の層の屈折率は、前記第2の層の屈折率よりも大きく、
前記凹凸構造の凹凸パターンは、フラクタルタイリングパターンである
発光装置。 - 前記凹凸パターンは、当該凹凸パターンを正方形の仮想単位領域に隙間なく分割した場合に、ランダムに回転させた所定の単位パターンを前記仮想単位領域に割り当てたパターンであり、
前記所定の単位パターンにおける前記段差を示す輪郭線は、回転対称形状であり、かつ、前記正方形の四辺のうちの隣り合う一組の二辺の中心部同士を結ぶ第1の線と、前記正方形の四辺のうちの隣り合う他の一組の二辺の中心部同士を結ぶ第2の線とによって構成されている
請求項4に記載の発光装置。 - 前記第1の線及び前記第2の線は、円弧状である
請求項5に記載の発光装置。 - 前記複数の凸部の全てが2段以上の段差を有する
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の発光装置。 - 前記発光層は、有機EL層である
請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の発光装置。
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