WO2017030098A1 - 硬化性樹脂組成物、成形用組成物、樹脂成形体、及び樹脂成形体を製造する方法 - Google Patents
硬化性樹脂組成物、成形用組成物、樹脂成形体、及び樹脂成形体を製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017030098A1 WO2017030098A1 PCT/JP2016/073791 JP2016073791W WO2017030098A1 WO 2017030098 A1 WO2017030098 A1 WO 2017030098A1 JP 2016073791 W JP2016073791 W JP 2016073791W WO 2017030098 A1 WO2017030098 A1 WO 2017030098A1
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- polymer
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- radically polymerizable
- polymerizable monomer
- resin molded
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
- C08F2/50—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light with sensitising agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2810/00—Chemical modification of a polymer
- C08F2810/20—Chemical modification of a polymer leading to a crosslinking, either explicitly or inherently
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2280/00—Compositions for creating shape memory
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a curable resin composition, a molding composition, a resin molded body, and a method for producing a resin molded body.
- a material having excellent mechanical properties such as hardness that is difficult to deform and strength and flexibility that does not break even when deformed is required.
- One method for improving the strength of the resin molded body is a method of forming a three-dimensional crosslinked structure. According to this method, although the hardness is improved, the molded body tends to be brittle and easily cracked.
- a method for improving strength and flexibility for example, a method of relaxing stress by dispersing a deformable elastic body component such as acrylic rubber in a resin is generally known. It is also known that the strength of the resin molded body may be improved by adding a high molecular weight component to the resin. As a mechanism for improving strength, entanglement between polymer chains has been proposed.
- the cross-linking sites are formed reversibly to reduce stress concentration between the cross-linking points, or to form a cross-linking point that can move freely by forming a pseudo-cross-linking structure called the pulley effect.
- Molecular design has been proposed to relieve stress concentration.
- shape memory materials metals, resins, ceramics, etc. are known as shape memory materials.
- shape memory property is developed based on a phase transformation caused by a change in crystal structure or a change in molecular motion form.
- shape memory materials often have characteristics such as excellent vibration isolation characteristics.
- metal and resin have been mainly studied as shape memory materials.
- Shape memory resin is a resin that recovers its original shape when heated to a certain temperature or higher, even if it is deformed by applying force after molding. Compared to shape memory alloys, shape memory resins are generally superior in that they are inexpensive, have a high rate of change in shape, are light, are easy to process, and can be colored.
- Shape memory resin is soft at high temperatures and easily deforms like rubber. On the other hand, it is hard at low temperatures and hardly deforms like glass.
- the shape memory resin can be stretched to several times its original length by a small force at a high temperature, and can retain its deformed shape by cooling. If the material is heated under no load in this state, the material recovers to its original shape. At high temperatures, the material returns to its original shape simply by removing the force. Thus, energy absorption and storage characteristics at high temperatures can be utilized.
- Main shape memory resins include polynorbornene, transisoprene, styrene-butadiene copolymer, and polyurethane.
- Patent Document 5 describes norbornene resins
- Patent Document 6 describes trans-isoprene resins
- Patent Document 7 discloses polyurethane resins
- Patent Document 8 describes shape memory resins related to acrylic resins.
- An object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide a curable resin composition that has a high elongation at break and can form a resin molded article having excellent shape recovery after being deformed under stress. It is.
- An object of another aspect of the present invention is to provide a resin molded body having a shape memory property excellent in a shape recovery property by heating.
- One aspect of the present invention is a curability containing a radical polymerizable monomer containing a monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer, a linear or branched polymer containing a polyoxyalkylene chain, and a radical polymerization initiator.
- the present invention relates to a resin composition.
- This curable resin composition can form a resin molded body having high breaking elongation and excellent shape recovery after being deformed under stress.
- Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula (I):
- X, R 1 and R 2 are each independently a divalent organic group, and R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and a radically polymerizable compound and monofunctional radically polymerizable
- the present invention relates to a resin molded article containing a first polymer containing a monomer as a monomer unit and a linear or branched second polymer.
- This resin molded body may have a storage elastic modulus of 0.5 MPa or more at 25 ° C. Or the resin molding may have shape memory property. Such a resin molded body is excellent in shape recovery by heating.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a molding composition
- a molding composition comprising a radical polymerizable compound of formula (I), a radical polymerizable monomer (reactive monomer) containing a monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer, and a second polymer.
- This molding composition can form a resin molding having a storage modulus of 0.5 MPa or more at 25 ° C. when the radical polymerizable monomer is polymerized in the presence of the second polymer.
- this molding composition can form a resin molded product having shape memory properties when a radical polymerizable monomer is polymerized in the presence of the second polymerizable monomer.
- Still another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing a resin molded body containing a first polymer and a second polymer.
- This method comprises polymerizing a radically polymerizable monomer in a molding composition comprising a radically polymerizable compound of formula (I) and a radically polymerizable monomer containing a monofunctional radically polymerizable monomer and a second polymer.
- a step of producing a first polymer comprises polymerizing a radically polymerizable monomer in a molding composition comprising a radically polymerizable compound of formula (I) and a radically polymerizable monomer containing a monofunctional radically polymerizable monomer and a second polymer.
- a curable resin composition capable of forming a resin molded body having high breaking elongation and excellent shape recovery after being deformed under stress.
- the curable resin composition according to some embodiments can form a resin molded body having high strength, good toughness, and transparency.
- the resin molded body is excellent in shape recovery after being deformed under stress, it means that the resin molded body is easily recovered to the shape before being subjected to stress only by being released from the stress. It does not necessarily mean that it has shape memory property to recover its shape.
- a resin molded body having shape memory properties excellent in shape recovery by heating By controlling the elastic modulus of the resin molded body of the present invention, the shape recovery rate when heated can be easily increased.
- Resin molded bodies according to some forms are also excellent in terms of various characteristics such as transparency, flexibility, stress relaxation, and water resistance.
- the curable resin composition includes a radical polymerizable monomer containing a monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer, and a linear or branched polymer containing a polyoxyalkylene chain (hereinafter referred to as “modifying polymer”). And a radical polymerization initiator.
- the modifying polymer usually does not have a radical polymerizable group and is contained in the curable resin composition as a component different from the radical polymerizable monomer.
- the plurality of oxyalkylene groups constituting the polyoxyalkylene chain in the modifying polymer may be the same as or different from each other.
- the polyoxyalkylene chain may be a random copolymer in which two or more kinds of oxyalkylene groups are randomly arranged, or a block copolymer including a block in which the same oxyalkylene groups are continuously bonded. It may be.
- the polyoxyalkylene chain can be derived from a polyether such as, for example, a polyalkylene glycol.
- the polyoxyalkylene chain in the modifying polymer can be a polyoxyethylene chain, a polyoxypropylene chain, a polyoxybutylene chain, or a combination thereof.
- the polyoxyalkylene chain in the modifying polymer may be a polyoxyethylene chain, a polyoxypropylene chain, or a combination thereof.
- the proportion of the polyoxyalkylene chain in the modifying polymer may be 20 to 60% by mass based on the mass of the modifying polymer.
- the polyoxyethylene chain has a slippery structure that is easily entangled with the molecular chain of a polymer formed by polymerization of a radically polymerizable monomer including a monofunctional radically polymerizable monomer, and a portion where the entanglement is generated can move freely. is doing. That is, the polyoxyethylene chain is entangled with the molecular chain of another polymer, so that it is considered that a pseudo-crosslinked structure in which the entanglement point can move freely is formed.
- the pseudo-crosslinked structure is formed, the stress applied to each crosslinking point when the resin molded body is deformed is uniformly dispersed, thereby improving the strength and elongation of the resin molded body.
- the proportion of the polyoxyethylene chain may be 20% by mass or more, 30% by mass or more, or 40% by mass or more based on the mass of the whole polyoxyalkylene chain in the modifying polymer.
- the proportion of the polyoxyethylene chain may be 70% by mass or less, 60% by mass or less, or 50% by mass or less based on the mass of the entire polyoxyalkylene chain in the modifying polymer.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene chain constituting the modifying polymer is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 500 or more, 1000 or more, or 3000 or more. When the molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene chain is large, the formation of a pseudo-crosslinked structure tends to be promoted.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene chain may be 20000 or less, 15000 or less, or 10,000 or less. Thereby, the modifying polymer can easily have high compatibility with other components, and can have a moderately low viscosity.
- the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight mean standard polystyrene equivalent values determined by gel permeation chromatography unless otherwise defined.
- the modifying polymer may contain two or more polyoxyalkylene chains and a linking group connecting them.
- the modifying polymer having a linking group includes, for example, a molecular chain represented by the following formula (X).
- R 21 represents an oxyalkylene group
- n 11 , n 12 and n 13 are each independently an integer of 1 or more
- L is a linking group.
- a plurality of R 21 and L in the same molecule may be the same or different.
- the oxyalkylene group of R 21 is represented by the following formula (Y), for example.
- R 22 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 4 or less carbon atoms
- n 20 represents an integer of 2 to 4.
- a plurality of R 22 and n 20 in the same molecule may be the same or different.
- the connecting group L in the formula (X) is a divalent organic group that connects two polyoxyalkylene chains.
- the linking group L can be an organic group containing a cyclic group or a branched organic group.
- the linking group L may be, for example, a divalent group represented by the following formula (30).
- R 30 is a cyclic group, a group containing two or more cyclic groups, which are bonded directly or via an alkylene group, or a carbon atom, and is selected from an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and a silicon atom
- the branched organic group which may contain the hetero atom is shown.
- Z 5 and Z 6 are divalent groups that connect R 30 and a polyoxyalkylene chain that is a linear chain, and include, for example, —NHC ( ⁇ O) —, —NHC ( ⁇ O) O—, — O—, —OC ( ⁇ O) —, —S—, —SC ( ⁇ O) —, —OC ( ⁇ S) —, or —NR 10 — (R 10 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group) It is a group.
- the cyclic group contained in the linking group L may contain a hetero atom selected from a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom.
- the cyclic group included in the linking group L is, for example, an alicyclic group, a cyclic ether group, a cyclic amine group, a cyclic thioether group, a cyclic ester group, a cyclic amide group, a cyclic thioester group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a heteroaromatic hydrocarbon. It can be a group or a combination thereof.
- cyclic group contained in the linking group L include 1,4-cyclohexanediyl group, 1,2-cyclohexanediyl group, 1,3-cyclohexanediyl group, 1,4-benzenediyl group, 1,3-benzene.
- examples include a diyl group, a 1,2-benzenediyl group, and a 3,4-furandiyl group.
- Examples of the branched organic group (for example, R 30 in the formula (30)) included in the linking group L include a lysine triyl group, a methylsilanetriyl group, and a 1,3,5-cyclohexanetriyl group.
- the linking group L represented by the formula (30) may be a group represented by the following formula (31).
- R 31 in the formula (31) represents a single bond or an alkylene group.
- R 31 may be an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Defining Z 5 and Z 6 are the same as equation (30).
- the weight average molecular weight of the modifying polymer is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 3000 or more, 5000 or more, or 8000 or more, or 150,000 or less, 100,000 or less, or 50000 or less.
- the modifying polymer is likely to have good compatibility with other components, and the resin molded product has strength and elongation. In particular, it can have excellent mechanical properties.
- the modifying polymer can be obtained by an ordinary synthesis method using a commonly available raw material as a starting material.
- the modifying polymer includes a polyoxyalkylene chain and a bifunctional alcohol having a hydroxyl group bonded to both ends (polyalkylene glycol, etc.), a functional group (isocyanate group, etc.) that reacts with the hydroxyl group, a cyclic group, or a branched group. It can be a reaction product with a compound having a group of groups (such as a bifunctional isocyanate).
- the modifying polymer to be synthesized may contain a branched structure based on side reactions such as trimerization of isocyanate groups.
- a bifunctional alcohol is used as a synthetic raw material, its number average molecular weight may be 500 to 20,000.
- the structure of the modifier polymer can be specified by, for example, the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, the linking group, and the structure and ratio of the oxyalkylene chain.
- the structure of the modifying polymer can vary greatly depending on other points, for example, the arrangement of each structural unit and the three-dimensional structure.
- the content of the modifying polymer in the curable resin composition may be 1% by mass or more, 3% by mass or more, or 5% by mass or more based on the mass of the curable resin composition.
- the content of the modifying polymer may be 20% by mass or less, 15% by mass or less, or 10% by mass or more.
- the radical polymerizable monomer contained in the curable resin composition includes a monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer having one radical polymerizable group.
- the radical polymerizable monomer may contain, for example, alkyl (meth) acrylate and / or acrylonitrile as a monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer.
- the alkyl (meth) acrylate is an alkyl (meth) acrylate having an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which may have a substituent ((meth) acrylic acid and optionally having 1 substituent). To 16 alkyl alcohol esters). The substituent that the alkyl (meth) acrylate having an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms may have an oxygen atom and / or a nitrogen atom.
- the radical polymerizable monomer contains an alkyl (meth) acrylate having an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms
- the scratch resistance of the resin molded product tends to be improved.
- the radically polymerizable monomer is a monofunctional radically polymerizable monomer having an alkyl (meth) acrylate having an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or 1 to 8 carbon atoms. May be included.
- the proportion of the alkyl (meth) acrylate having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which may have a substituent in the curable resin composition is 10 mol% or more and 15 mol% based on the total amount of the radical polymerizable monomer. It may be 20 mol% or more, or 95 mol% or less, 90 mol% or less, or 85 mol% or less.
- a resin molded article having excellent adhesion and scratch resistance can be easily obtained.
- the proportion of the alkyl (meth) acrylate having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent is 8 mol% or more, 10 mol% or more, or 15 mol% based on the total amount of the radical polymerizable monomer. The above may be sufficient, and 55 mol% or less, 45 mol% or less, or 25 mol% or less may be sufficient.
- a resin molded product having good adhesion and scratch resistance is more easily formed. .
- alkyl (meth) acrylate having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which may have a substituent include ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, hexyl acrylate, Hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl methacrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA), N, N -Dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate.
- 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and 2-methoxyethyl acrylate can be combined as the alkyl (meth) acrylate having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the radical polymerizable monomer may contain acrylonitrile as a monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer. Thereby, there exists a tendency for the bending resistance of a resin molding to improve.
- a combination of acrylonitrile and a (meth) acrylate having an alkyl group having 1 to 16 (or 1 to 10) carbon atoms is particularly advantageous for obtaining a resin molded article having improved bending resistance.
- the proportion of acrylonitrile in the curable resin composition may be 40 mol% or more, 50 mol% or more, or 70 mol% or more, based on the total amount of the radical polymerizable monomer, 90 mol% or less, 85 mol% % Or less, or 80 mol% or less.
- the ratio of acrylonitrile is within these ranges, further advantageous effects can be obtained with respect to bending resistance and high elongation and high strength.
- the radical polymerizable monomer may contain one or more compounds selected from vinyl ether, styrene and styrene derivatives as a monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer.
- vinyl ethers include vinyl butyl ether, vinyl octyl ether, vinyl-2-chloroethyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, vinyl dodecyl ether, vinyl kutadecyl ether, vinyl phenyl ether, and vinyl cresyl ether.
- styrene derivative examples include alkyl styrene, alkoxy styrene ( ⁇ -methoxystyrene, p-methoxystyrene, etc.), and m-chlorostyrene.
- the radical polymerizable monomer may contain other monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer and / or polyfunctional radical polymerizable monomer.
- examples of other monofunctional radically polymerizable monomers include vinylphenol, N-vinylcarbazole, 2-vinyl-5-ethylpyridine, isopropenyl acetate, vinyl isocyanate, vinyl isobutyl sulfide, 2-chloro-3-hydroxypropene, Vinyl stearate, p-vinylbenzylethyl carbinol, vinyl phenyl sulfide, allyl acrylate, ⁇ -chloroethyl acrylate, allyl acetate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinyl methacrylate, N, N-diethyl vinyl Carbamate, vinyl isopropenyl ketone, N-vinyl caprolactone, vinyl formate, p-vinyl benzylmethyl carbinol, vinyl e
- the curable resin composition may contain a radical polymerization initiator for polymerization of the radical polymerizable monomer.
- the radical polymerization initiator can be a thermal radical polymerization initiator, a photo radical polymerization initiator, or a combination thereof.
- the content of the radical polymerization initiator is appropriately adjusted within a normal range, and may be, for example, 0.01 to 5% by mass based on the mass of the curable resin composition.
- Thermal radical polymerization initiators include ketone peroxides, peroxyketals, dialkyl peroxides, diacyl peroxides, peroxyesters, peroxydicarbonates, hydroperoxides and other organic peroxides, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate Persulfates such as ammonium persulfate, 2,2′-azobis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2,2′-azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile (ADVN), 2,2′-azobis-2 -Azo compounds such as methylbutyronitrile, 4,4'-azobis-4-cyanovaleric acid, alkyl metals such as sodium ethoxide, tert-butyllithium, 1-methoxy-1- (trimethylsiloxy) -2- Examples thereof include silicon compounds such as methyl-1-propene.
- a thermal radical polymerization initiator and a catalyst may be combined.
- the catalyst include metal salts and reducing compounds such as tertiary amine compounds such as N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine.
- photoradical polymerization initiator examples include 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-one.
- Irgacure 651 manufactured by Ciba Geigy Japan.
- the curable resin composition may contain a solvent as necessary, or may be substantially solvent-free.
- the solvent used include aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene, ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, ester solvents such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, and fats such as hexane and methylcyclohexane.
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene
- ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone
- ester solvents such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate
- fats such as hexane and methylcyclohexane.
- Group hydrocarbon solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the solvent contained in the curable resin composition can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose and the like.
- the curable resin composition can be used as a solution or dispersion having a solid content (components other than the solvent) of about 20% by mass to 99% by mass.
- the curable resin composition may be a binder polymer, a photochromic agent, a thermal color development inhibitor, a plasticizer, a pigment, a filler, a flame retardant, a stabilizer, an adhesion promoter, a leveling agent, a release accelerator, if necessary.
- You may contain antioxidant, a fragrance
- the content thereof may be 0.01% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the curable resin composition. May be.
- the curable resin composition may be liquid, semi-solid, or solid.
- the curable resin composition before curing may be in the form of a film.
- the curable resin composition can be used as a molding composition for forming a resin molding, or a paint, a surface coating material, an adhesive, and the like.
- the formed resin molded body has an arbitrary shape including a film shape, a sheet shape, a plate shape, a fiber shape, a rod shape, a columnar shape, a tubular shape, a flat plate shape, a disc shape, a spiral shape, a spherical shape, and a ring shape.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a resin molded body.
- a resin molded body 1 in FIG. 1 is an example of a flat molded body.
- the cured resin molding may be further processed by various methods such as machining.
- the resin molded body can be produced by a method including a step of generating a polymer by radical polymerization of a radical polymerizable monomer in a curable resin composition.
- the radical polymerization of the radical polymerizable monomer can be initiated by heating or irradiation with actinic rays such as ultraviolet rays.
- the film-shaped resin molded article is obtained by applying a curable resin composition on the surface of a substrate, drying the applied curable resin composition as necessary, and then subjecting the radical polymerizable monomer to heat and / or light. Can be formed by radical polymerization.
- the temperature of the polymerization reaction is not particularly limited, but when the resin composition contains a solvent, it is preferably below the boiling point thereof.
- the polymerization reaction is preferably performed in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, helium gas, or argon gas. Thereby, the polymerization inhibition by oxygen is suppressed, and a good-quality resin molded product can be obtained stably.
- the molding composition has the formula (I): The radically polymerizable compound represented by these, the radically polymerizable monomer containing a monofunctional radically polymerizable monomer, and the 2nd polymer are contained.
- X, R 1 and R 2 are each independently a divalent organic group
- R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the first polymer may contain a cyclic monomer unit represented by the following formula (II) derived from the compound of the formula (I). It is considered that the cyclic monomer unit of the formula (II) contributes to the expression of unique characteristics such as the shape memory property of the resin molded body. However, the first polymer does not necessarily contain the monomer unit of the formula (II).
- X in the formulas (I) and (II) is, for example, the following formula (10):
- Y is a cyclic group which may have a substituent
- Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently a functional group containing an atom selected from a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom.
- i and j are each independently an integer of 0-2. * Represents a bond (this also applies to other formulas).
- X is a group of the formula (10)
- it is considered that the cyclic monomer unit of the formula (II) is particularly easily formed.
- the arrangement of Z 1 and Z 2 with respect to the cyclic group Y may be a cis position or a trans position.
- Z 1 and Z 2 are —O—, —OC ( ⁇ O) —, —S—, —SC ( ⁇ O) —, —OC ( ⁇ S) —, —NR 10 — (R 10 is a hydrogen atom or An alkyl group), or a group represented by —ONH—.
- Y may be a cyclic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or may contain a heteroatom selected from an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom.
- the cyclic group Y is, for example, an alicyclic group, a cyclic ether group, a cyclic amine group, a cyclic thioether group, a cyclic ester group, a cyclic amide group, a cyclic thioester group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group, or It can be a combination of these.
- the cyclic ether group may be a cyclic group possessed by a monosaccharide or polysaccharide.
- Y include, but are not particularly limited to, a cyclic group represented by the following formula (11), (12), (13), (14) or (15). From the viewpoint of stress relaxation properties of the resin molded body, Y may be a group of the formula (11) (particularly a 1,2-cyclohexanediyl group).
- R 1 and R 2 in the formulas (I) and (II) may be the same as or different from each other, and may be a group represented by the following formula (20).
- R 6 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms (an alkylene group or the like), and is bonded to the nitrogen atom in the formula (I) or (II).
- Z 3 is a group represented by —O— or —NR 10 — (R 10 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group).
- R 1 and R 2 are a group of the formula (20), it is considered that the cyclic monomer unit of the formula (II) is particularly easily formed.
- the number of carbon atoms in R 6 may be 2 or more, 6 or less, or 4 or less.
- radically polymerizable compound of the formula (I) is a compound represented by the following formula (Ia).
- Y, Z 1 , Z 2 , i, and j are defined in the same manner as in Expression (10).
- Examples of the compound of the formula (Ia) include the following formulas (I-1), (I-2), (I-3), (I-4), (I-5), (I-6), ( And compounds represented by I-7) or (I-8).
- the proportion of the radically polymerizable compound of formula (I) in the molding composition is 0.01 mol% or more, 0.1 mol% or more, or 0.5 mol% or more, based on the total amount of the radical polymerizable monomer. It may be 10 mol% or less, 5 mol% or less, or 1 mol% or less. When the ratio of the radical polymerizable compound of the formula (I) is within these ranges, a further advantageous effect can be obtained in that a cured product having excellent mechanical properties such as elongation, strength, and bending resistance can be obtained.
- the compound of formula (I) can be synthesized by a usual synthesis method using a commonly available raw material as a starting material.
- the compound of formula (I) can be synthesized by reacting a cyclic diol compound or a cyclic diamine compound with a compound having a (meth) acryloyl group and an isocyanate group.
- the radical polymerizable monomer in the molding composition may contain alkyl (meth) acrylate and / or acrylonitrile as a monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer.
- the alkyl (meth) acrylate is an alkyl (meth) acrylate having an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which may have a substituent ((meth) acrylic acid and optionally having 1 substituent). To 16 alkyl alcohol esters). The substituent that the alkyl (meth) acrylate having an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms may have an oxygen atom and / or a nitrogen atom.
- the elastic modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured product By including an alkyl (meth) acrylate having an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the radical polymerizable monomer, the elastic modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured product, and mechanical properties such as elongation and strength can be obtained. The effect that it can be controlled is obtained.
- the proportion of the alkyl (meth) acrylate having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which may have a substituent in the molding composition is 10 mol% or more, 15 mol% or more based on the total amount of the radical polymerizable monomer. Or 20 mol% or more, 95 mol% or less, 90 mol% or less, or 85 mol% or less.
- a cured product having excellent mechanical properties such as elongation and strength, and bending resistance can be obtained. In this respect, a further advantageous effect can be obtained.
- the radical polymerizable monomer may contain an alkyl (meth) acrylate having an alkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, as a monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer.
- the proportion of the alkyl (meth) acrylate having 10 or less carbon atoms that may have a substituent in the molding composition is 8 mol% or more, 10 mol% or more based on the total amount of the radical polymerizable monomer, Or 15 mol% or more may be sufficient, and 55 mol% or less, 45 mol% or less, or 25 mol% or less may be sufficient.
- the ratio of the alkyl (meth) acrylate having an alkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms, which may have a substituent is within these ranges, a resin molded product having a certain degree of elasticity and shape memory properties is obtained. A further advantageous effect is obtained in that it is easily formed.
- the radical polymerizable monomer may contain a (meth) acrylate having an alkyl group having 8 or less carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, and the proportion thereof may be in the above numerical range. Good.
- alkyl (meth) acrylate having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which may have a substituent include ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, hexyl acrylate, Hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl methacrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA), N, N -Dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the radical polymerizable monomer contains acrylonitrile, it tends to form a resin molded article having a high degree of elasticity and shape memory property while having excellent mechanical properties such as elongation and strength, and bending resistance.
- a combination of acrylonitrile and a (meth) acrylate having an alkyl group having 1 to 16 (or 1 to 10) carbon atoms is particularly advantageous in order to obtain a resin molded article having a high elastic modulus.
- the proportion of acrylonitrile in the molding composition may be 40 mol% or more, 50 mol% or more, or 70 mol% or more, based on the total amount of the radical polymerizable monomer, 90 mol% or less, 85 mol% % Or less, or 80 mol% or less.
- the ratio of acrylonitrile is within these ranges, a further advantageous effect can be obtained in that the shape recovery is quick.
- the radical polymerizable monomer may contain one or more compounds selected from vinyl ether, styrene and styrene derivatives as a monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer.
- vinyl ethers include vinyl butyl ether, vinyl octyl ether, vinyl-2-chloroethyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, vinyl dodecyl ether, vinyl kutadecyl ether, vinyl phenyl ether, and vinyl cresyl ether.
- styrene derivative examples include alkyl styrene, alkoxy styrene ( ⁇ -methoxystyrene, p-methoxystyrene, etc.), and m-chlorostyrene.
- the radical polymerizable monomer may contain other monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer and / or polyfunctional radical polymerizable monomer.
- examples of other monofunctional radically polymerizable monomers include vinylphenol, N-vinylcarbazole, 2-vinyl-5-ethylpyridine, isopropenyl acetate, vinyl isocyanate, vinyl isobutyl sulfide, 2-chloro-3-hydroxypropene, Vinyl stearate, p-vinylbenzylethyl carbinol, vinyl phenyl sulfide, allyl acrylate, ⁇ -chloroethyl acrylate, allyl acetate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinyl methacrylate, N, N-diethyl vinyl Carbamate, vinyl isopropenyl ketone, N-vinyl caprolactone, vinyl formate, p-vinyl benzylmethyl carbinol, vinyl e
- the molding composition contains the radical polymerizable monomer described above and a linear or branched second polymer.
- the second polymer may be a polymer including two or more linear chains and a linking group that connects the ends thereof.
- This polymer includes a molecular chain represented by the following formula (B), for example.
- R 20 is a monomer unit constituting a linear chain
- n 1 , n 2 and n 3 are each independently an integer of 1 or more
- L is a linking group.
- a plurality of R 20 and L in the same molecule may be the same or different.
- Linear chain composed of monomer units R 20 are polyether, polyester, polyolefin, polyorganosiloxane, or a molecular chain derived from these combinations. Each linear chain may be a polymer or an oligomer.
- linear chains derived from polyether examples include polyoxyalkylene chains such as polyoxyethylene chains, polyoxypropylene chains, polyoxybutylene chains, and combinations thereof.
- Polyoxyethylene chains are derived from polyethers such as polyalkylene glycols.
- linear chains derived from polyolefins examples include polyethylene chains, polypropylene chains, polyisobutylene chains, and combinations thereof.
- linear chains derived from polyester include poly ⁇ -caprolactone chains.
- Examples of the linear chain derived from polyorganosiloxane examples include a polydimethylsiloxane chain.
- a 2nd polymer can contain these alone or the combination of 2 or more types chosen from these.
- the number average molecular weight of each of the linear molecular chains constituting the second polymer is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1000 or more, 3000 or more, or 5000 or more, and may be 80000 or less, 50000 or less, or 20000. It may be the following.
- the number average molecular weight means a standard polystyrene equivalent value obtained by gel permeation chromatography unless otherwise defined.
- the linking group L is an organic group containing a cyclic group or a branched organic group.
- the linking group L may be, for example, a divalent group represented by the following formula (30).
- R 30 is a cyclic group, a group containing two or more cyclic groups, which are bonded directly or via an alkylene group, or a carbon atom, and is selected from an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and a silicon atom
- the branched organic group which may contain the hetero atom is shown.
- Z 5 and Z 6 are divalent groups that bind R 30 and a linear chain, and include, for example, —NHC ( ⁇ O) —, —NHC ( ⁇ O) O—, —O—, —OC ( ⁇ O) —, —S—, —SC ( ⁇ O) —, —OC ( ⁇ S) —, or —NR 10 — (R 10 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group).
- R 10 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- the atom at the end of the linear chain is not normally interpreted as an atom constituting Z 5 or Z 6 . If it is not clear whether the atom at the end of the linear chain is an atom derived from a monomer, the atom may be interpreted as being included in either the linear chain or the linking group.
- the cyclic group contained in the linking group L may contain a hetero atom selected from a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom.
- the cyclic group included in the linking group L is, for example, an alicyclic group, a cyclic ether group, a cyclic amine group, a cyclic thioether group, a cyclic ester group, a cyclic amide group, a cyclic thioester group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a heteroaromatic hydrocarbon. It can be a group or a combination thereof.
- cyclic group contained in the linking group L include 1,4-cyclohexanediyl group, 1,2-cyclohexanediyl group, 1,3-cyclohexanediyl group, 1,4-benzenediyl group, 1,3-benzene.
- examples include a diyl group, a 1,2-benzenediyl group, and a 3,4-furandiyl group.
- Examples of the branched organic group (for example, R 30 in the formula (30)) included in the linking group L include a lysine triyl group, a methylsilanetriyl group, and a 1,3,5-cyclohexanetriyl group.
- the linking group L represented by the formula (30) may be a group represented by the following formula (31).
- R 31 in the formula (31) represents a single bond or an alkylene group.
- R 31 may be an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Defining Z 5 and Z 6 are the same as equation (30).
- the weight average molecular weight of the second polymer is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 5000 or more, 7000 or more, or 9000 or more, or 100000 or less, 80000 or less, or 60000 or less. When the weight average molecular weight of the second polymer is within these numerical ranges, good compatibility with other components of the second polymer and good characteristics of the resin molded product tend to be easily obtained. is there.
- the second polymer can be obtained by an ordinary synthesis method using a commonly available raw material as a starting material.
- a polyalkylene glycol having a reactive end group such as a hydroxyl group
- a polyester such as a polyolefin, a polyorganosiloxane, or a mixture containing a combination thereof, a reactive functional group (such as an isocyanate group), and a cyclic or branched group
- the second polymer can be synthesized by reaction with a compound having the above group.
- the second polymer to be synthesized may contain a branched structure based on side reactions such as trimerization of isocyanate groups.
- the molding composition may contain a polymerization initiator for the polymerization of the radical polymerizable monomer.
- the polymerization initiator can be a thermal radical polymerization initiator, a photo radical polymerization initiator, or a combination thereof.
- the content of the polymerization initiator is appropriately adjusted within a normal range, and may be, for example, 0.01 to 5% by mass based on the mass of the molding composition.
- Thermal radical polymerization initiators include ketone peroxides, peroxyketals, dialkyl peroxides, diacyl peroxides, peroxyesters, peroxydicarbonates, hydroperoxides and other organic peroxides, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate Persulfates such as ammonium persulfate, 2,2′-azobis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2,2′-azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile (ADVN), 2,2′-azobis-2 -Azo compounds such as methylbutyronitrile, 4,4'-azobis-4-cyanovaleric acid, alkyl metals such as sodium ethoxide, tert-butyllithium, 1-methoxy-1- (trimethylsiloxy) -2- Examples thereof include silicon compounds such as methyl-1-propene.
- a thermal radical polymerization initiator and a catalyst may be combined.
- the catalyst include metal salts and reducing compounds such as tertiary amine compounds such as N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine.
- photoradical polymerization initiator examples include 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-one.
- Irgacure 651 manufactured by Ciba Geigy Japan.
- the molding composition may contain a solvent or may be substantially solvent-free.
- the molding composition may be liquid, semi-solid, or solid.
- the molding composition before curing may be in the form of a film.
- the resin molded body can be produced by a method including a step of forming a first polymer by radical polymerization of a radical polymerizable monomer in a molding composition.
- the radical polymerization of the radical polymerizable monomer can be initiated by heating or irradiation with actinic rays such as ultraviolet rays.
- the shape and size of the resin molded body (cured body) are not particularly limited.
- a resin molded body having an arbitrary shape can be obtained by curing a molding composition filled in a predetermined mold.
- the resin molded body may be, for example, a fiber shape, a rod shape, a columnar shape, a cylindrical shape, a flat plate shape, a disc shape, a spiral shape, a spherical shape, or a ring shape.
- the molded body after curing may be further processed by various methods such as machining.
- the temperature of the polymerization reaction is not particularly limited, but when the molding composition contains a solvent, it is preferably below the boiling point thereof.
- the polymerization reaction is preferably performed in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, helium gas, or argon gas. Thereby, the inhibition of polymerization due to oxygen is suppressed, and a molded article of good quality can be stably obtained.
- a radical polymerizable monomer containing a radical polymerizable compound of formula (I) is polymerized, a cyclic monomer unit of formula (II) is formed.
- the radically polymerizable monomer is polymerized in the presence of the first polymer, at least a part of the cyclic monomer unit of the formula (II) can form a structure in which the second polymer penetrates the cyclic part.
- the following formula (III) schematically shows a structure in which the second polymer (B) penetrates the cyclic portion of the monomer unit of the formula (II) of the first polymer (A).
- R 5 in formula (III) is a monomer unit derived from a radical polymerizable monomer other than the radical polymerizable compound of formula (I).
- a crosslinked network structure like a three-dimensional copolymer is formed by the first polymer and the second polymer.
- this network structure it is considered that the degree of freedom of movement of the second polymer penetrating the annular portion is kept relatively high.
- Such a structure is sometimes referred to as a ring structure by those skilled in the art, and the present inventors speculate that this contributes to the expression of unique properties such as shape memory properties of the resin molded body. Yes.
- a stress-strain curve obtained by a tensile test of a resin molding is a so-called J-shaped curve. This suggests the formation of a ring structure.
- the resin molded body does not necessarily include such a ring structure.
- the second polymer (B) has a plurality of polyoxyethylene chains and a linking group L that connects the ends thereof. Since the linking group L is bulky compared to the polyoxyethylene chain, it is easy to maintain a state in which the second polymer penetrates the cyclic portion of the monomer unit of the formula (II) as in the polyrotaxane.
- the second polymer can be appropriately selected based on the balance of the size of the cyclic monomer unit, the inclusion ability, and the properties of the polyrotaxane.
- the resin molded body produced and cured by the first polymer may or may not have shape memory, but the shape can be determined by appropriately selecting the type of radical polymerizable monomer.
- a resin molded body having memory properties can be obtained.
- shape memory property means that when a resin molded body is deformed by an external force at room temperature (for example, 25 ° C.), the resin molded body retains the deformed shape at room temperature, It means the property of returning to its original shape when heated to a high temperature. However, the resin molded body does not have to completely recover the same shape as the original shape by heating.
- the heating temperature for shape recovery is 70 ° C., for example.
- the first polymer is usually formed, and the shape of the resin molded body at the time of curing becomes the basic shape.
- the resin molded body deformed by an external force is deformed so as to approach this basic shape by heating.
- a resin molding having a desired shape as a basic shape can be obtained.
- the storage elastic modulus of the resin molded body at 25 ° C. is not particularly limited, but may be 0.5 MPa or more.
- a resin molded body having a storage elastic modulus of 0.5 MPa or more usually has shape memory.
- the elastic modulus of the resin molded body may be 1.0 MPa or more, or 10 MPa or more, or 10 GPa or less, 5 GPa or less, or 500 MPa or less. Since the storage elastic modulus is high, the resin molded body tends to easily retain the shape after deformation. By having an appropriate storage elastic modulus, the resin molded body tends to recover its original shape when heated.
- the elastic modulus of the resin molded body can be controlled based on, for example, the type of radical polymerizable monomer and the blending ratio thereof, the molecular weight of the second polymer, and the amount of radical polymerization initiator.
- (Curable resin composition) 1. Synthetic polymer 1 of a polymer containing a polyoxyalkylene chain (modifying polymer) In a 20 mL eggplant flask, diol was added in the amount (mg) shown in Table 1, and then the atmosphere in the flask was replaced with nitrogen. 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (262 mg, 1.00 mmol) was added to the melt and stirred at 115 ° C. for 24 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a polymer 1 containing polyoxypropylene chains.
- a GPC chromatogram of the obtained polymer was obtained under the conditions of a flow rate of 1 mL / min using DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide) containing 10 mM lithium bromide as an eluent. From the obtained chromatogram, the number average molecular weight Mn of the polymer was determined as a standard polystyrene equivalent value.
- the degree of crystallinity of the polyoxyethylene chain of the polymer was calculated based on the heat of fusion determined from DSC measurement.
- Polymers 2-11 Polymers 2 to 10 were synthesized in the same manner as Polymer 1, except that the type and amount of diol and the amount of 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate were changed to the ratios shown in Table 1.
- the curable resin composition is put into a glass mold having a cavity of 40 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 0.2 mm or 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 0.2 mm, and the upper and lower sides are sandwiched between glass plates, and a UV exposure machine ( The plate-shaped resin cured product was obtained by exposure at room temperature using Ushio Electric's UV-XeFL). The integrated light quantity was 200 mJ / cm 2 at 365 nm.
- Tensile test A test piece having a size of 5 mm ⁇ 50 mm was punched out from the cured resin. Three portions aligned in the longitudinal direction in the portion corresponding to between the chucks of the test piece were marked with oil-based magic, and the distance between the marks was defined as L0 and L0 ′. Using a tensile tester (EZ-TEST, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), a tensile test was performed under the conditions of a measurement temperature of 25 ° C., a tensile speed of 10 mm / min, and a chuck distance L1 of 30 mm. In the test piece immediately after the break, two marks having no break between the marks were selected from the three marks, and the distance L2 between the marks was measured.
- EZ-TEST tensile tester
- the elongation at break is calculated by the formula: (L2-L0) / L0.
- the elongation at break may be calculated by the formula: (L3 ⁇ L1) / L1 using the distance L3 between chucks at the time of breakage.
- the test piece after fracture was heated at 70 ° C. for 3 minutes, and then the distance L4 between the marks was measured, and the elastic elongation indicating the ratio of elastic elongation to the elongation at break was expressed by the formula: (L2-L4) / (L2-L0 ).
- a large elastic elongation means that the shape recoverability after deformation under stress is excellent.
- the curable resin compositions of Examples 1 to 12 containing the polymers 1 to 9 or 11 containing a polyoxyalkylene chain were compared with the curable resin composition of Comparative Example 1 containing no modifying polymer. Thus, it was confirmed that a resin molded body having a high elongation at break and excellent shape recovery after being deformed under stress can be formed.
- the polymer 10 containing no polyoxyalkylene chain could not be dissolved in the radical polymerizable monomer, and in Comparative Example 2, a uniform curable resin composition could not be prepared. Further, a mixture of acrylic rubber or silicone and a radical polymerizable monomer caused phase separation, and even in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, a uniform curable resin composition could not be prepared.
- Synthesis Example 2 Synthesis of PEG-PPG oligomer 1 Polyethylene glycol (PEG 1500, 750 mg, 0.500 mmol, number average molecular weight 1500) and polypropylene glycol (PPG 4000, 2000 mg, 0.500 mmol, number average molecular weight 4000) were added to a 20 mL eggplant flask. After the addition, the inside of the flask was purged with nitrogen, and the contents were melted at 115 ° C. 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (262 mg, 1.00 mmol) was added to the melt, and the melt was stirred at 115 ° C. for 24 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain PEG-PPG oligomer 1 (polyoxyethylene chain, and A second polymer containing a polyoxypropylene chain) was obtained.
- PPG 4000 2000 mg, 0.500 mmol, number average mo
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the obtained oligomer 1 was 9300, and the weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight (Mw / Mn) of the oligomer 1 was 1.65.
- Synthesis Example 3 Synthesis of PEG-PPG oligomer 2 Polyethylene glycol (PEG 1500, 750 mg, 0.500 mmol, number average molecular weight 1500) and polypropylene glycol (PPG 4000, 2000 mg, 0.500 mmol, number average molecular weight 4000) were added to a 20 mL eggplant flask. After the addition, the inside of the flask was purged with nitrogen, and the contents were melted at 115 ° C.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the obtained oligomer 2 was 50000, and the weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight (Mw / Mn) of the oligomer 2 was 1.95.
- the obtained compounded liquid was poured into a stainless steel mold having a length ⁇ width ⁇ depth of 46 mm ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ 1 mm, and a transparent sheet made of polyethylene terephthalate was placed thereon.
- the compounded solution was photocured by irradiating UV (ultraviolet rays) for 30 minutes at room temperature (25 ° C., the same applies hereinafter) from above the transparent sheet to obtain a film-like molded body.
- a polytetrafluoroethylene tube (trade name Naflon (registered trademark) BT tube 1 / 8B) having an inner diameter of 1.59 mm ⁇ , an outer diameter of 3.17 mm ⁇ , and a wall thickness of 0.79 mm was wound around a stainless steel tube having an outer diameter of 10 mm ⁇ .
- the wound tube was filled with the compounded solution, and the compounded solution was photocured in the tube by ultraviolet irradiation at room temperature for 30 minutes. Then, the helical molded body was taken out from the tube.
- the compounded liquid filled in a polyethylene cup-shaped mold was photocured by ultraviolet irradiation for 30 minutes at room temperature.
- a cup-shaped molded body was taken out from the mold as a three-dimensional molded body.
- Example 2-1 A blending solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PEG-PPG oligomer 1 was not used. Using the resulting blended liquid, resin molded bodies having various shapes were produced in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
- Example 2-2 A blending solution was prepared at the blending ratio shown in Table 4. Using the resulting blended liquid, resin molded bodies having various shapes were produced in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
- Shape memory property The film-like molded body was folded twice, and in this state, the crease was pressed with a glass tube. It was confirmed that the folded shape did not substantially return to the original shape.
- the spiral shaped body was stretched and deformed into a rod shape.
- the cup-shaped molded body was sandwiched between two glass plates and deformed by crushing in the height direction. The case where the molded body of each shape retained the deformed shape was determined as “good”, and the case where it was not retained was determined as “bad”.
- the deformed molded body was immersed in water at 70 ° C., and it was visually confirmed that it returned to the initial shape within 10 seconds immediately after the immersion. The case where the molded body recovered the initial shape was determined as “good”, and the case where it did not recover was determined as “bad”.
- a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film was laid on a stainless steel mold having a length x width x depth of 46 mm x 10 mm x 1 mm.
- the resin composition was poured therein, and a transparent sheet made of PET was placed thereon.
- a 2000 mJ / cm 2 ultraviolet ray was irradiated from above the transparent sheet at room temperature (25 ° C., the same applies hereinafter) to obtain a resin film.
- a strip-shaped test piece (width: 8 mm, thickness: 1 mm) was cut out from the obtained resin film.
- the test piece was measured for strength at break and elongation at break using a strograph T (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) at room temperature, a distance between chucks: 30 mm, and a tensile speed: 10.0 mm / min.
- the resin molded body of each example had excellent bending resistance and high elongation. Moreover, the resin molding of each Example had favorable shape memory property. From this result, according to one aspect of the present invention, it was confirmed that a resin molded body having shape memory property excellent in shape recovery property by heating was obtained.
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Abstract
Description
一実施形態に係る硬化性樹脂組成物は、単官能ラジカル重合性モノマーを含むラジカル重合性モノマーと、ポリオキシアルキレン鎖を含む直鎖状又は分岐状の重合体(以下「改質用重合体」ということがある。)と、ラジカル重合開始剤とを含有する。改質用重合体は、通常、ラジカル重合性基を有しておらず、ラジカル重合性モノマーとは別の成分として硬化性樹脂組成物に含有される。
一実施形態に係る成形用組成物は、式(I):
1.ポリオキシアルキレン鎖を含む重合体(改質用重合体)の合成
重合体1
20mLナスフラスコに表1に示す量(mg)で、ジオールを加えてからフラスコ内を窒素置換し、内容物を115℃で融解させた。融解液に4,4’-ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート(262mg、1.00mmol)を加えて、窒素雰囲気下、115℃で24時間撹拌して、ポリオキシプロピレン鎖を含む重合体1を得た。
結晶化度=重合体の融解熱量×ポリオキシエチレン鎖の割合(w/w)/ポリエチレングリコールの融解熱量 …(1)
ジオールの種類及び量と、4,4’-ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネートの量を表1に示す割合に変更したこと以外は重合体1と同様にして、重合体2~10を合成した。数平均分子量8300のポリエチレングリコール-ポリプロピレングリコールブロック共重合体を準備し、これを重合体11として用いた。
表2及び表3に示す質量比で改質用重合体、ラジカル重合性モノマー、及びラジカル重合開始剤を混合して、実施例及び比較例の硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。
比較例3及び4では、合成した改質用重合体に代えて、アクリルゴム(テイサンレジンSG-708-6T(商品名)、ナガセケムテックス製)、又はシリコーン(KR-480(商品名)、信越シリコーン製)を用いた。
硬化性樹脂組成物を、40mm×50mm×0.2mm、又は50mm×50mm×0.2mmのキャビティを有するガラス製の型に入れ、上下をガラス板ではさみ、UV露光機(ウシオ電機製、UV-XeFL)を用いて室温で露光して、板状の樹脂硬化物を得た。積算光量を365nmで200mJ/cm2とした。
樹脂硬化物から5mm×50mmのサイズを有する試験片を打ち抜いた。試験片のチャック間に相当する部分に長手方向に並ぶ3箇所に油性マジックで印を付け、各印間の距離をL0及びL0’とした。引張試験機(島津製作所製、EZ-TEST)を用いて、測定温度が25℃、引張速度が10mm/min、チャック間距離L1が30mmの条件で引張試験を行った。破断直後の試験片において、3点の印のうち印の間に破断箇所が存在しない2点の印を選択し、それらの印の間の距離L2を測定した。この部分に対応する初期の長さがL0である場合、破断伸びは式:(L2-L0)/L0により計算される。あるいは、破断時のチャック間距離L3を用いて、式:(L3-L1)/L1により破断伸びを計算してもよい。
破断後の試験片を70℃で3分間加熱し、その後の印間の距離L4を測定し、破断伸びに対する弾性伸びの割合を示す弾性伸び率を式:(L2-L4)/(L2-L0)により算出した。破断直後の距離L2は、チャック間距離L3を利用して式:L2=L3×(L0/L1)により算出してもよい。弾性伸び率が大きいことは、応力を受けて変形した後の形状回復性が優れることを意味する。
フィルム状の樹脂硬化物(50mm×50mm×0.2mm)を2回折りたたみ、その状態で折り目に垂直に1N/cm2の圧力を5分間加えた。折り目部分を元に戻してから、その部分を目視と光学顕微鏡(10倍)で観察した。折り曲げ前と比較して外観上の変化、並びに白化及びボイドなどの異常を観察した。評価基準は以下の通りである。
A:光学顕微鏡観察で異常が認められない
B:目視では異常が認められないが、光学顕微鏡で異常が認められる
C:目視で異常が認められる、または折り目が破断してしまう
1.合成合成例1:trans-1,2-ビス(2-アクリロイルオキシエチルカルバモイルオキシ)シクロヘキサン(BACH)の合成
100mL二口ナスフラスコにtrans-1,2-シクロヘキサンジオール(2.32g、20.0mmol)を加え、フラスコ内を窒素置換した。そこにジクロロメタン(40mL)、及びジラウリン酸ジブチル錫(11.8μL、0.10mol%:0.020mmol)を入れた。フラスコ中の反応液に2-アクリロイルオキシエチルイソシアネート(5.93g、42.0mmol)のジクロロメタン(4mL)溶液を滴下ロートから滴下し、反応液を30℃で24時間撹拌して、反応を進行させた。反応終了後、反応液にジエチルエーテルを加えて飽和食塩水で洗浄した。有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した後、溶媒を減圧留去し、残渣からシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒:クロロホルム)によって目的物を含む溶液を単離し、これを濃縮した。得られた粗生成物を、ジエチルエーテルとヘキサンからの再結晶により精製して、BACHの白色結晶を得た。収量は、3.78gであり、収率は、47.4質量%であった。
20mLナスフラスコにポリエチレングリコール(PEG1500、750mg、0.500mmol、数平均分子量1500)、及びポリプロピレングリコール(PPG4000、2000mg、0.500mmol、数平均分子量4000)を加えてからフラスコ内を窒素置換し、内容物を115℃で融解させた。融解液に4,4’-ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート(262mg、1.00mmol)を加えて、窒素雰囲気下、115℃で融解液を24時間撹拌して、PEG-PPGオリゴマー1(ポリオキシエチレン鎖、及びポリオキシプロプレン鎖を含む第二の重合体)を得た。
20mLナスフラスコにポリエチレングリコール(PEG1500、750mg、0.500mmol、数平均分子量1500)、及びポリプロピレングリコール(PPG4000、2000mg、0.500mmol、数平均分子量4000)を加えてからフラスコ内を窒素置換し、内容物を115℃で融解させた。融解液に4,4’-ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート(262mg、1.00mmol)、及びラウリル酸ジブチル錫(11.8μL、0.10mol%:0.020mmol)を加えて、窒素雰囲気下、115℃で融解液を24時間撹拌して、PEG-PPGオリゴマー2(ポリオキシエチレン鎖、及びポリオキシプロピレン鎖を有する第二の重合体)を得た。
10mMの臭化リチウムを含むDMF(N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド)を溶離液として用いて、流速1mL/分の条件でオリゴマーのGPCクロマトグラムを得た。得られたクロマトグラムから、オリゴマーの数平均分子量及び重量平均分子量をポリスチレン換算値として求めた。
(実施例2-1)
合成例1のBACH(27.7mg、69.5μmol)、合成例2のPEG-PPGオリゴマー1(34.5mg、2.88μmol)、2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート(2-EHA、553mg、3.00mmol)、アクリロニトリル(AN、390mg、
3.00mmol)及びIrgacure 651(15.5mg、60.5μmol)をサンプル瓶中で加熱溶解し、配合液(成形用組成物)を調製した。
PEG-PPGオリゴマー1を用いないこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして配合液を調製した。得られた配合液を用いて、実施例2-1と同様に、各種形状の樹脂成形体を作製した。
表4に示した配合比で配合液を調製した。得られた配合液を用いて、実施例2-1と同様に、各種形状の樹脂成形体を作製した。
フィルム状の成形体から、5mm幅、長さ30mmの短冊状の試験片を切り出した。この試験片を用いて、TAインスツルメント株式会社社製動的粘弾性測定装置(RSA-G2)を用いて、25℃における貯蔵弾性率を測定した。測定条件は以下のとおりである。・チャック間距離:20mm
・測定周波数:10Hz
・昇温速度5℃/分
フィルム状の成形体を2回折りたたみ、その状態で折り目をガラス管で押さえた。折りたたまれた形状が実質的に元に戻らないことを確認した。螺旋状の成形体を、引き伸ばして棒状に変形させた。カップ状の成形体を、2枚のガラス板の間に挟み、高さ方向に押しつぶすことにより変形させた。各形状の成形体が変形後の形状を保持した場合を「良」、保持しなかった場合を「不良」と判定した。
実施例のフィルム状の成形体に関して、折り目部分を元に戻してから、その部分を目視と光学顕微鏡(100倍)で観察した。折り曲げ前と比較して外観上の変化がなかった場合を「良」、白化及びボイドなどの異常が発生した場合を「不良」と判定した。
長さ×幅×深さが46mm×10mm×1mmのステンレス金型にポリエチレンテレフタラート(PET)製フィルムを敷いた。そこに樹脂組成物を流し込み、その上にPET製の透明シートを被せた。透明シートの上から、室温(25℃、以下同様)で2000mJ/cm2の紫外線を照射し、樹脂フィルムを得た。
Claims (21)
- 単官能ラジカル重合性モノマーを含むラジカル重合性モノマーと、
ポリオキシアルキレン鎖を含む直鎖状又は分岐状の重合体と、
ラジカル重合開始剤と、
を含有する、硬化性樹脂組成物。 - 前記ポリオキシアルキレン鎖が、ポリオキシエチレン鎖、ポリオキシプロピレン鎖又はそれらの組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記重合体が、前記ポリオキシアルキレン鎖を有する二官能アルコールと二官能イソシアネートとの反応生成物である、請求項1又は2に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記二官能アルコールの数平均分子量が500~20000である、請求項3に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記重合体における前記ポリオキシアルキレン鎖の割合が、前記重合体の質量を基準として、20~60質量%である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記重合体の数平均分子量が3000~150000である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記重合体が、2以上の前記ポリオキシアルキレン鎖と、それらを連結する連結基と、を含み、前記連結基が環状基を有する、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記重合体の含有量が、当該硬化性樹脂組成物の質量を基準として1~20質量%である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記単官能ラジカル重合性モノマーが、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~16のアルキル基を有するアルキル(メタ)アクリレートを含む、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記単官能ラジカル重合性モノマーが、アクリロニトリルを含む、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記ラジカル重合開始剤が、光ラジカル重合開始剤である、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記第二の重合体が、ポリオキシアルキレン鎖を含む重合体である、請求項12又は13に記載の樹脂成形体。
- 前記単官能ラジカル重合性モノマーが、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~16のアルキル基を有するアルキル(メタ)アクリレートを含む、請求項12~14のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂成形体。
- 前記単官能ラジカル重合性モノマーが、アクリロニトリルを含む、請求項12~15のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂成形体。
- 前記第二の重合体の重量平均分子量が5000以上である、請求項12~17のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂成形体。
- 第一の重合体、及び直鎖状又は分岐状の第二の重合体を含む、樹脂成形体を製造する方法であって、
式(I):
方法。
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