WO2016192451A1 - 一种溶瘤病毒制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种溶瘤病毒制剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2016192451A1
WO2016192451A1 PCT/CN2016/077927 CN2016077927W WO2016192451A1 WO 2016192451 A1 WO2016192451 A1 WO 2016192451A1 CN 2016077927 W CN2016077927 W CN 2016077927W WO 2016192451 A1 WO2016192451 A1 WO 2016192451A1
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cancer
oncolytic virus
cell
tumor
oncolytic
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黄波
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湖北盛齐安生物科技有限公司
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Priority to EP16802374.5A priority Critical patent/EP3305310B1/en
Priority to JP2018513707A priority patent/JP6577139B2/ja
Priority to DK16802374.5T priority patent/DK3305310T3/da
Publication of WO2016192451A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016192451A1/zh
Priority to US15/825,065 priority patent/US10548853B2/en

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  • Viral DNA or RNA is assembled with proteins and other biomolecules to form viral particles.
  • the latter can infect tumor cells and replicate in tumor cells, producing new viral particles, which eventually lead to tumor cell lysis.
  • This is called oncolytic A virus, a tumor-killing virus with replication ability.
  • the oncolytic virus as an alien component, is subject to immune rejection by the body once it enters the body, especially the production of antiviral antibodies, thereby limiting the antitumor effect of the oncolytic virus by eliminating the virus.
  • the free oncolytic virus easily enters normal tissues, which not only weakens the effective killing effect of the virus on tumor cells, but also causes damage to normal tissues and causes toxic side effects.
  • the invention provides an oncolytic virus preparation, and the oncolytic virus is encapsulated as a therapeutic effective component by cell vesicles obtained by apoptotic tumor cells, and can be used as a targeted biological preparation for treating tumor diseases, and effectively improving The tumoricidal effect of oncolytic viruses and the reduction of toxic side effects on the body.
  • the invention provides a preparation method of an oncolytic virus preparation, which comprises encapsulating an oncolytic virus as a therapeutic active ingredient into a cell vesicle derived from an apoptotic tumor cell, and successfully collecting the cell vesicle-coated oncolytic virus
  • the microparticles i.e., the oncolytic virus preparation of the present invention, are formed.
  • the oncolytic virus preparation provided by the invention is formed by encapsulating the oncolytic virus by cell vesicles, and as a targeted biological preparation, the oncolytic virus is more convenient to reach the tumor treatment site, and the tumoricidal effect is enhanced, and the tumor cell itself is utilized.
  • the cell vesicles encapsulate the oncolytic virus, allowing the oncolytic virus to escape the attack of the body's immune system.
  • the applicant of the present application has disclosed a pharmaceutical preparation capable of achieving targeted administration by using a cell vesicle-coated chemotherapeutic drug derived from an apoptotic tumor cell. See CN102302784A for details.
  • the present invention has different design and application characteristics from vesicle-coated chemotherapy drugs. After entering the tumor cells, the chemotherapeutic drugs are encapsulated by the cell vesicles released by the apoptotic tumor cells to form a microparticle preparation loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug through the principle of physical space encapsulation.
  • tumor cells include ovarian cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer or prostate cancer.
  • the oncolytic virus preparation provided by the present invention becomes a microparticle by using the above-mentioned cell vesicle derived from an apoptotic tumor cell as a carrier for encapsulating the oncolytic virus.
  • the oncolytic virus encapsulated in the cell vesicles cannot be recognized by the immune system, so that it can reach the tumor site safely and effectively.
  • the general free oncolytic virus enters the cell through the mediated by a specific receptor molecule on the cell membrane, but some tumor cells themselves do not express the receptor or actively down-regulate the expression of the receptor, which can escape the invasion of the oncolytic virus.
  • the cell vesicles derived from the tumor cells are extremely easy to fuse with the cell membrane of the tumor cells, the encapsulated oncolytic virus is mediated into the tumor cells.
  • the tumor cells are further cultured prior to infecting the tumor cells with the oncolytic virus.
  • the culture method of the above cells can be cultured by a culture method conventional in the art.
  • an oncolytic virus preparation especially an injection preparation
  • the collected microparticles are suspended in physiological saline to prepare an injection.
  • the oncolytic virus preparation of the present invention may be a unit preparation.
  • the unit preparation is a preparation which satisfies the active ingredient required for one administration, such as a unit (needle) injection or the like.
  • Required for one administration The amount of drug can be conveniently obtained by multiplying the patient's body weight by the patient's unit weight dose required for the patient's primary dose.
  • the adult body weight is 50-70 kg, so the dose can be determined initially by the equivalent dose conversion relationship between the experimental animal and the human body weight dose.
  • 1 x 10 7 - 1 x 10 8 of the microparticles may be included in the unit preparation of the human oncolytic virus preparation.
  • the present invention also provides a method of treating or preventing a tumor comprising the step of administering the oncolytic virus preparation to an individual having a tumor or an individual having a tendency to develop a tumor.
  • the preparation method provided by the invention can obtain the microparticle formed by the cell vesicle encapsulating the oncolytic virus, that is, the oncolytic virus preparation, not the efflux body and the apoptotic body; and the dosage of the oncolytic virus is adjusted by adjusting It is possible to make more than 95% of the cell vesicles encapsulate the oncolytic virus, thereby efficiently obtaining the oncolytic virus preparation of the present application.
  • the cell vesicles from the apoptotic tumor cells are used as the carrier of the oncolytic virus of the present invention, thereby avoiding the attack of the immune system when the oncolytic virus enters the body, and is more conducive to the oncolytic virus reaching the tumor treatment site and improving the tumoricidal effect. .
  • microparticles of the encapsulated oncolytic virus used in the invention are far smaller than the permeability of normal tissue capillaries (5-10 nm), and cannot pass through normal capillaries and enter normal tissues, thereby avoiding free injection due to direct injection.
  • the side effects of oncolytic viruses on other normal tissues of the body are far smaller than the permeability of normal tissue capillaries (5-10 nm), and cannot pass through normal capillaries and enter normal tissues, thereby avoiding free injection due to direct injection. The side effects of oncolytic viruses on other normal tissues of the body.
  • the oncolytic adenovirus can be purchased from Shanghai 3D Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the name is recombinant human type 5 adenovirus (H101). Twenty-nine female nude mice weighing about 18 grams were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center of Union Medical College of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
  • Example 1 Induction of apoptosis in human lung cancer cells using oncolytic adenovirus to produce microparticles
  • A549 human lung cancer cells were cultured in DMEM cell culture medium to achieve 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells; 2 ⁇ 10 8 oncolytic adenoviruses were added to the culture medium to infect human lung cancer cells; at 37 ° C and 5% oxygen content Under the condition, the infected tumor cells were cultured, and at the 48th hour after the administration of the oncolytic adenovirus, when the tumor cells were shrunk and darkened, the supernatant of the human lung cancer cell culture solution was centrifuged for 10 minutes by centrifugal force of 1000 g and 5000 g.
  • the cells and fragments were removed, and the supernatant after centrifugation was further centrifuged at 10,000 g for 2 hours, and the pellet was collected to obtain microparticles formed by cell vesicle-encapsulated oncolytic adenovirus derived from apoptotic A549 human lung cancer cells.
  • microparticles prepared above were resuspended in 1 ml of 0.9% (g/ml) physiological saline, and the microparticles were observed under an electron microscope, and the particle size of the microparticles was measured by a nanometer particle size meter.
  • Example 1 Using fluorescent staining, the results also showed that the microparticles of this example were coated with oncolytic adenovirus.
  • Example 6 Microparticles coated with oncolytic adenovirus do not cause toxic side effects on the body
  • A549 human lung cancer cells were intraperitoneally inoculated into nude mice. After 3 days, PBS solution, separate oncolytic adenovirus (OA), cell vesicles (MP) alone, and microparticles (OA-MP) coated with oncolytic adenovirus were directly administered intraperitoneally, and injected once every 3 days. Time, observe the survival time of the mice. The number of cell vesicles and microparticles per injection was 3 ⁇ 10 6 and the amount of adenovirus was 3 ⁇ 10 6 .
  • OA oncolytic adenovirus
  • MP cell vesicles
  • OA-MP microparticles coated with oncolytic adenovirus
  • phosphate buffer solution (PBS), cell vesicles (MP) alone, oncolytic adenovirus (OA), and microparticles (OA-MP) coated with oncolytic adenovirus were administered.
  • PBS phosphate buffer solution
  • MP cell vesicles
  • OA oncolytic adenovirus
  • OA-MP microparticles coated with oncolytic adenovirus

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Abstract

一种溶瘤病毒制剂及其制备方法。所述溶瘤病毒制剂包括源自凋亡肿瘤细胞的细胞囊泡和被包裹在所述细胞囊泡内作为有效成分的溶瘤病毒,该溶瘤病毒制剂利用细胞自身来源的细胞囊泡将溶瘤病毒包裹其中,使溶瘤病毒逃避机体免疫系统的攻击,并能靶向达到肿瘤治疗部位,提高杀瘤效应。

Description

一种溶瘤病毒制剂及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种溶瘤病毒制剂及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种溶瘤病毒制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
恶性肿瘤作为一种严重威胁人类生命健康的疾病,近年来寻找有效、毒副作用小的治疗方法已成为医学研究的重中之重。依据以毒攻毒的原理,利用病毒来杀灭肿瘤细胞,是肿瘤治疗的一种理想策略,然而这一策略却面临两方面问题,即如何使病毒选择性地到达肿瘤部位,以及如何使病毒逃过机体免疫系统的攻击。
病毒DNA或RNA与蛋白质及其它生物分子一起组装形成病毒颗粒,后者如能够感染肿瘤细胞,并在肿瘤细胞中大量复制,产生新的病毒颗粒,最终导致肿瘤细胞裂解,此即所谓的溶瘤病毒,即具有复制能力的肿瘤杀伤型病毒。然而,溶瘤病毒作为异己成分,一旦进入机体便会受到机体的免疫排斥,特别是抗病毒抗体的产生,通过对病毒的清除,从而限制溶瘤病毒的抗瘤作用。另外,游离的溶瘤病毒容易进入正常组织,不但削弱了病毒对肿瘤细胞的有效杀伤效果,而且会对正常组织造成损伤,引发毒副作用。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种溶瘤病毒制剂,溶瘤病毒作为治疗有效组分由凋亡的肿瘤细胞获得的细胞囊泡所包裹,可以作为一种靶向生物制剂用于肿瘤疾病的治疗,有效提升溶瘤病毒的杀瘤效应,及降低对机体的毒副作用。
本发明提供了一种溶瘤病毒制剂的制备方法,实现了将作为治疗有效成分的溶瘤病毒包裹到源自凋亡肿瘤细胞的细胞囊泡中,并成功收集了细胞囊泡包裹溶瘤病毒后形成微颗粒,即本发明的溶瘤病毒制剂。
本发明提供了一种溶瘤病毒制剂,是一种以溶瘤病毒感染肿瘤细胞并 使之凋亡而产生的细胞囊泡为载体,包裹溶瘤病毒而形成的制剂。
本发明提供的溶瘤病毒制剂由细胞囊泡包裹溶瘤病毒而形成,其作为一种靶向生物制剂,更利于溶瘤病毒到达肿瘤治疗部位,提高杀瘤效应,同时利用肿瘤细胞自身来源的细胞囊泡将溶瘤病毒包裹其中,使溶瘤病毒逃避机体免疫系统的攻击。
作为本领域的基础知识,细胞在受到凋亡信号或者刺激信号刺激时,局部细胞膜结构发生改变,向外膨起并包裹细胞内容物形成囊泡结构而被释放到细胞外,其直径界于100-1000纳米(nm),即本发明所述的“细胞囊泡(microparticles)”。另外,细胞在凋亡的不同阶段,还可以释放直径在1-3微米(μm)的凋亡小体(apoptotic body),以及直径在30-100纳米的外排体(exosome)。凋亡小体或外排体与细胞囊泡,存在显著差别,不包括在本发明内。正由于肿瘤细胞在凋亡过程中会产生凋亡小体、外排体等,本发明的方案需要以特定的步骤和条件才能获得细胞囊泡包裹溶瘤病毒后形成的所述溶瘤病毒制剂。
本案申请人曾公开了一种利用来自凋亡肿瘤细胞的细胞囊泡包裹化疗药物提供能够实现靶向给药的药物制剂,具体看参见CN102302784A。本发明方案与囊泡包裹化疗药物有不同的设计和应用特点。化疗药物在进入肿瘤细胞后,通过物理空间包裹的原理,被凋亡肿瘤细胞释放的细胞囊泡所包裹形成装载化疗药物的微颗粒制剂。本发明方案中,溶瘤病毒进入肿瘤细胞后,借助肿瘤细胞内的氨基酸、核苷酸、脂类分子等原料物质,进行大量的生物合成,在此过程中,病毒处于活性状态,具有活动复制的能力,可以与肿瘤细胞的细胞骨架或者细胞膜进行相互作用,最终导致肿瘤细胞释放小泡,形成其中包裹溶瘤病毒的细胞颗粒,也可称微颗粒。与包裹化疗药物不同的是,溶瘤病毒与肿瘤细胞的数量需要达到合适的比例才利于得到能发挥治疗功效的微颗粒制剂,即,溶瘤病毒过少会达不到复制的效果,溶瘤病毒过多则会导致肿瘤细胞死亡,进而导致释放的细胞囊泡量急剧减少。除此之外,化疗药物作为小分子物质,其粒径通常小于1nm,而病毒的直径可处于50-200nm之间,细胞囊泡的直径则介于100-1000nm之间,因而细胞囊泡在释放的过程中能否包裹病毒并不能通过其能够包裹化 疗药物而简单推出,并且只有当病毒在肿瘤细胞内复制到一定数量的时候,才会让细胞囊泡包裹病毒的几率增大和数量增多。故而细胞囊泡包裹病毒与细胞囊泡包裹化疗药物相比,需要考虑病毒的生物复制和病毒的粒径大小的因素。
本发明提供的方案中,为了得到细胞囊泡对溶瘤病毒有效包裹的微颗粒,制备体系中溶瘤病毒与肿瘤细胞的比例最好介于1:1至20:1之间。进一步的,所述比例可以是10:1。
本发明提供的一种溶瘤病毒制剂的制备方法,包括使溶瘤病毒与肿瘤细胞以1:1至20:1比例混合以感染肿瘤细胞,在37℃和5%氧含量条件下,培养被感染的肿瘤细胞并使之凋亡,在48-72小时时间内,收集凋亡肿瘤细胞释放的微颗粒,所述微颗粒即为细胞囊泡包裹溶瘤病毒后形成的所述溶瘤病毒制剂。在本申请的方案中,溶瘤病毒与肿瘤细胞的比例指的是数量比。
本发明方案所使用的溶瘤病毒可以为商购获得的任何溶瘤病毒。例如,所述溶瘤病毒为溶瘤腺病毒。腺病毒为感染人的常见病毒,其免疫原性强,能够被机体的免疫系统快速清除,并且腺病毒不整合到基因组DNA分子中,不导致基因组DNA突变,因此使用此种病毒具有非常好的安全性。
进一步的,所述肿瘤细胞包括卵巢癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、肝癌、胰腺癌或前列腺癌等。
本发明的方案中,对于微颗粒的收集可使用超速离心机在低温条件下或室温条件下进行分离。在具体实施方案中,可以通过离心机,在低温条件下(4℃左右),以1000-50000g的离心力,收集微颗粒。例如,可以在不大于5000g的离心力去除肿瘤细胞及其碎片,以10000g-50000g的离心力收集获得的沉淀即为所述微颗粒。更进一步的,可以在不大于5000g的离心力下去除肿瘤细胞及其碎片,在10000g的离心力下收集获得的沉淀即为所述微颗粒。
本发明提供的一种溶瘤病毒制剂,包括源自凋亡肿瘤细胞的细胞囊泡和被包裹在所述细胞囊泡内作为有效成分的溶瘤病毒,所述溶瘤病毒制剂根据所述任一方法制成。
本发明提供的所述溶瘤病毒制剂由于采用了上述来自凋亡肿瘤细胞的细胞囊泡作为包裹溶瘤病毒的载体,成为一种微颗粒。相较于游离的溶瘤病毒,包裹在细胞囊泡内的溶瘤病毒不能被免疫系统所识别,从而能够安全、有效到达肿瘤部位。一般的游离溶瘤病毒是通过细胞膜上特殊受体分子的介导而进入细胞内,但一些肿瘤细胞本身不表达该受体或者主动下调该受体表达,则可以逃避溶瘤病毒的入侵。而在本申请的方案中,由于采用的来源于肿瘤细胞的细胞囊泡极其容易与肿瘤细胞的细胞膜融合,反而介导了其包裹的溶瘤病毒进入肿瘤细胞。
在本发明的方案中,由所述细胞囊泡包裹所述溶瘤病毒所形成的溶瘤病毒制剂的粒度为100~1000纳米。
可以看出,本发明所采用的包裹溶瘤病毒的细胞囊泡因为尺寸远大于正常组织毛细血管的通透性(5-10nm),而不能穿过正常毛细血管而进入正常组织,避免了现有技术中由于直接注射游离溶瘤病毒而对机体其他正常组织的毒副作用。
可以理解,本发明提供了一种获得靶向溶瘤病毒制剂的新的思路和方案,该靶向溶瘤病毒制剂可以针对不同类型的临床恶性肿瘤,例如:卵巢癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌等,用于包裹溶瘤病毒的细胞囊泡(载体)则最好是来自与患者罹患的肿瘤同种类型的肿瘤细胞或者能让溶瘤病毒进行复制的其它类型细胞。
本发明所述的溶瘤病毒感染肿瘤细胞并使肿瘤细胞凋亡,可以按照本领域技术人员公知的判断标准,例如观察肿瘤细胞缩小、变暗,即可认为其已经凋亡。
在本发明提供的方案中,在使溶瘤病毒感染肿瘤细胞之前还包括对所述肿瘤细胞进行培养。上述细胞的培养方法可采用本领域常规的培养方法进行培养。
本领域技术人员可以按照常规方法制成溶瘤病毒制剂,尤其是注射制剂,例如,将收集到的微颗粒用生理盐水悬浮后制成注射液。
本发明的所述溶瘤病毒制剂可以为单位制剂。所述单位制剂为满足一次给药所需有效成分的制剂,如一单位(针)针剂等。患者一次施用所需 的药物的量可以方便地通过计算患者的体重和该患者一次用药所需单位体重剂量的乘积得到。例如,在制备药物的过程中,一般认为成人体重为50-70kg,所以最初可以通过实验动物与人的单位体重剂量之间的等效剂量换算关系来确定用药量。例如,可以根据FDA、SFDA等药品管理机构提出的指导意见,也可参考(黄继汉等,“药理试验中动物间和动物与人体间的等效剂量换算”,《中国临床药理学与治疗学》,2004Sep;9(9):1069 -1072)来确定。在本发明的实施方式中,可以使用按照人和小鼠的体表面积折算系数0.0026来换算人和小鼠的剂量。
更进一步的,根据申请人针对小鼠的实验,针对人的溶瘤病毒制剂的单位制剂中可以包括1×107-1×108个所述微颗粒。
本发明还提供了一种治疗或预防肿瘤的方法,包括对患有肿瘤的个体或具有肿瘤发生趋势的个体施用所述溶瘤病毒制剂的过程。
本发明的技术方案具有以下技术效果:
1、本发明提供的制备方法能获得细胞囊泡包裹溶瘤病毒后形成的微颗粒即为所述溶瘤病毒制剂,而非外排体、凋亡小体;通过调节使用溶瘤病毒的剂量,能够使得95%以上的细胞囊泡均包裹溶瘤病毒,从而高效获得本申请的所述溶瘤病毒制剂。
2、将来自凋亡肿瘤细胞的细胞囊泡作为本发明的溶瘤病毒的载体,避免了溶瘤病毒进入机体时免疫系统的攻击,并且更利于溶瘤病毒达到肿瘤治疗部位,提高杀瘤效应。
3、在本申请的方案中,由于采用来源于肿瘤细胞的细胞囊泡作为载体,其包裹的溶瘤病毒能容易的进入肿瘤细胞。
4、本发明所采用的包裹溶瘤病毒的微颗粒因为尺寸远大于正常组织毛细血管的通透性(5-10nm),而不能穿过正常毛细血管而进入正常组织,避免了由于直接注射游离溶瘤病毒而对机体其他正常组织的毒副作用。
5、肿瘤细胞具有无限增殖的特性,培养方法成熟,根据本发明记载的方案可从肿瘤细胞获得大量的细胞囊泡用于制备所述溶瘤病毒制剂,成本小,操作简单。
附图说明
图1a为体外培养的A549人肺肿瘤细胞经溶瘤腺病毒处理后释放出微颗粒的电镜图。
图1b为溶瘤腺病毒诱导人肺癌细胞凋亡产生的微颗粒的粒径分析图。图1b中y轴表示待测微颗粒样本中颗粒的数量密度,红色曲线线峰所对应的x轴数值代表样本中大部分微颗粒所处的直径范围。
图2a显示了体外培养的肿瘤细胞经溶瘤腺病毒处理后产生的微颗粒中含有溶瘤腺病毒的DNA。
图2b显示了肿瘤细胞经溶瘤腺病毒处理后产生的微颗粒包裹了溶瘤腺病毒。
图3显示包裹有溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒对多种人肿瘤细胞类型进行杀伤的作用图。图中:a、b、c、d分别代表A2780人卵巢癌细胞系、MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞系、A549人肺癌细胞系、SNU1人胃癌细胞系;g、h、i、j分别代表Caco2人结肠癌细胞系、HepG2人肝癌细胞系、ASCP-1人胰腺癌细胞系、LINCap人前列腺癌细胞系。
图4a和图4b显示了各组小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和肌酐(CRE)含量,显示了包裹溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒对机体没有产生明显的毒副作用。
图5a显示了经磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS),细胞囊泡(MP)、溶瘤腺病毒(OA)、包裹了溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒(OA-MP)处理后荷A549肿瘤小鼠第5天和第21天的肿瘤体积;图5b显示了经PBS,MP、OA、OA-MP处理荷A549肿瘤小鼠后不同时间点检测的肿瘤体积;图5c显示了经PBS,MP、OA、OA-MP处理荷A549肿瘤小鼠后荷瘤小鼠的存活率;图5d显示了经PBS,MP、OA、OA-MP处理小鼠后裸鼠A2780肿瘤的生长。
具体实施方式
为了证实肿瘤细胞来源的细胞囊泡能够包裹溶瘤腺病毒,有效杀伤肿瘤细胞,并且在体内不产生明显的毒副作用,下面结合附图和实施例进一步说明本发明。
下述实施例中使用的各种肿瘤细胞、溶瘤腺病毒及实验动物:
A2780人卵巢癌细胞系、MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞系、A549人肺癌细胞系、SNU1人胃癌细胞系、Caco2人结肠癌细胞系、HepG2人肝癌细胞系、ASCP-1人胰腺癌细胞系、LINCap人前列腺癌细胞系,均可从美国ATCC中心或中国典型物保藏中心CCTCC购买。
溶瘤腺病毒可购自上海三维生物技术有限公司,名称为重组人5型腺病毒(H101)。体重18克左右雌性裸鼠200只,购自中国医学科学院协和医学院实验动物中心。
实施例1:使用溶瘤腺病毒诱导人肺癌细胞凋亡产生微颗粒
1、实验步骤
在DMEM细胞培养液中培养A549人肺癌细胞,使细胞数量达到1×107个;在培养液中加入1×108个溶瘤腺病毒以感染人肺癌细胞;在37℃和5%氧含量条件下,培养被感染的肿瘤细胞,在施用溶瘤腺病毒后的第48小时,当肿瘤细胞出现缩小、变暗,将人肺癌细胞培养液的上清以1000g、5000g的离心力依次离心10分钟,去除细胞及碎片,取离心后的上清再进一步以10000g的离心力离心2小时,收集沉淀即获得源自凋亡A549人肺癌细胞的细胞囊泡包裹溶瘤腺病毒后形成的微颗粒。
2、实验结果
将上述所制备的微颗粒使用1ml的0.9%(g/ml)的生理盐水进行重悬后涂片,在电子显微镜下观察微颗粒(见图1a)。同时,对微颗粒粒径进行纳米粒度电位仪检测,得到粒径分布结果(见图1b),微颗粒样本中绝大部分的颗粒直径分布在100~1000nm范围内。
实施例2:溶瘤腺病毒诱导人肺癌细胞凋亡产生的细胞囊泡包裹了溶瘤腺病毒DNA。
1、实验步骤
培养A549人肺癌细胞,使细胞数量达到1×107个;培养液中加入1×108个溶瘤腺病毒颗粒;在施用溶瘤腺病毒后的第48小时,当肿瘤细胞出现缩 小、变暗,将人肺癌细胞培养液的上清按照实施例1的步骤收集A549人肺癌细胞凋亡所产生的微颗粒(由源自凋亡A549人肺癌细胞的细胞囊泡包裹溶瘤腺病毒后形成)。
一方面将微颗粒进行蛋白酶K处理,破膜裂解,分离DNA分子,同时对溶瘤腺病毒进行处理,分离、制备其含有的DNA分子。
另一方面,对上述获得的微颗粒使用PKH67(显示绿色)进行染色,同时对微颗粒中腺病毒使用PE荧光标记的抗腺病毒抗体(显示红色)进行染色,在共聚焦荧光显微镜下观察。
作为参照,对由上述A549人肺癌细胞获得的细胞囊泡使用PKH67(显示绿色)进行染色,同时对细胞囊泡使用PE荧光标记的抗腺病毒抗体(显示红色)进行染色,在共聚焦荧光显微镜下观察。
上述细胞囊泡的制备方法为:培养肿瘤细胞,使用紫外线照射30分钟,在紫外线照射后的48小时,当肿瘤细胞出现明显变小、暗淡状态,对小鼠肝癌细胞的培养液的上清进行逐步离心,即以500g、1000g、5000g的离心力依次离心10分钟,之后以14000g的离心力离心1分钟,以除去细胞及碎片,取离心后的上清进一步以14000g的离心力离心1小时,收集沉淀即为细胞囊泡。
2、实验结果
对上述分别所制备的DNA进行电泳,得到电泳结果见图2a,图2a中OA代表溶瘤腺病毒DNA,OA-MP代表包裹溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒的DNA,DNA分子量标准条带(marker)见最左侧泳道。已知溶瘤腺病毒基因组大小约为23kb,而从微颗粒样本含有的DNA电泳条带与已知的溶瘤腺病毒基因组大小一致。同时,荧光显微镜观察结果见图2b,使用PKH67染色,MP组(细胞囊泡组)和OA-MP组(微颗粒组)都显示绿色;使用PE荧光标记的抗腺病毒抗体染色,MP组不显示红色,OA-MP组显示红色;两组染料染色图片重合后的图片,可以看出在OA-MP组,绿色和红色共定位,表明本发明的微颗粒中包裹了溶瘤腺病毒。
实施例3
在DMEM细胞培养液中培养A549人肺癌细胞,使细胞数量达到1×107个;在培养液中加入1×107个溶瘤腺病毒以感染人肺癌细胞;在37℃和5%氧含量条件下,培养被感染的肿瘤细胞,在施用溶瘤腺病毒后的第48小时,当肿瘤细胞出现缩小、变暗,将人肺癌细胞培养液的上清以1000g、5000g的离心力依次离心10分钟,去除细胞及碎片,取离心后的上清再进一步以10000g的离心力离心2小时,收集沉淀即获得源自凋亡A549人肺癌细胞的细胞囊泡包裹溶瘤腺病毒后形成的微颗粒。
将上述所制备的微颗粒使用1ml的0.9%(g/ml)的生理盐水进行重悬后涂片,在电子显微镜下观察微颗粒,以及对微颗粒粒径进行纳米粒度电位仪检测,结果同实施例1。采用荧光染色,结果也表明本实施例的微颗粒中包裹了溶瘤腺病毒。
实施例4
在DMEM细胞培养液中培养A549人肺癌细胞,使细胞数量达到1×107个;在培养液中加入2×108个溶瘤腺病毒以感染人肺癌细胞;在37℃和5%氧含量条件下,培养被感染的肿瘤细胞,在施用溶瘤腺病毒后的第48小时,当肿瘤细胞出现缩小、变暗,将人肺癌细胞培养液的上清以1000g、5000g的离心力依次离心10分钟,去除细胞及碎片,取离心后的上清再进一步以10000g的离心力离心2小时,收集沉淀即获得源自凋亡A549人肺癌细胞的细胞囊泡包裹溶瘤腺病毒后形成的微颗粒。
将上述所制备的微颗粒使用1ml的0.9%(g/ml)的生理盐水进行重悬后涂片,在电子显微镜下观察微颗粒,以及对微颗粒粒径进行纳米粒度电位仪检测,结果同实施例1。采用荧光染色,结果也表明本实施例的微颗粒中包裹了溶瘤腺病毒。
实施例5:包裹溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒制剂在对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用。
1、实验步骤
将制备的包裹了溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒分别与不同类型人肿瘤细胞系进行培养,包括A2780人卵巢癌细胞系、MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞系、A549人肺癌细胞系、SNU1人胃癌细胞系、Caco2人结肠癌细胞系、HepG2人肝癌细胞系、ASCP-1人胰腺癌细胞系、LINCap人前列腺癌细胞系等,作为包裹溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒处理组。48小时后,观察细胞的死亡情况。采用生理盐水处理肿瘤细胞的组作为对照组,仅采用细胞囊泡处理肿瘤细胞的组作为仅施用细胞囊泡组。
包裹了溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒的制备:按照实施例1所述方法获得来自以上各种肿瘤细胞的微颗粒。利用实施例3-4方法获得来自以上各种肿瘤细胞的微颗粒也具有以下类似的肿瘤杀伤效果。
细胞囊泡的制备:培养肿瘤细胞,使用紫外线照射30分钟,在紫外线照射后的48小时,当肿瘤细胞出现明显变小、暗淡状态,对小鼠肝癌细胞的培养液的上清进行逐步离心,即以500g、1000g、5000g的离心力依次离心10分钟,之后以14000g的离心力离心1分钟,以除去细胞及碎片,取离心后的上清进一步以14000g的离心力离心1小时,收集沉淀即为细胞囊泡。
2、实验结果
肿瘤细胞经过上述处理,48小时后,在倒置相差显微镜下观察各组细胞:对照组和仅施用细胞囊泡组(MP)组细胞呈现贴壁生长状态;而包裹溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒处理组(OA-MP)细胞则脱离贴壁,呈现死亡状态(见图3),表明包裹了溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒对肿瘤细胞具有杀伤作用。
实施例6:包裹溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒对机体不产生毒副作用
1、实验步骤
将磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)、细胞囊泡(MP)、溶瘤腺病毒(OA)、包裹了溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒(OA-MP)尾静脉注射小鼠,一天一次共5次,第6天处死小鼠,检测小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和肌酐(CRE)含量。本实施例中使用的微颗粒、细胞囊泡同实施例2。使用实施例3-4的微颗粒也不对机体产生毒副作用。
2、实验结果
由图4a和图4b可以看出,相比于注射PBS或单纯细胞囊泡对照组小鼠,注射细胞囊泡包裹溶瘤腺病毒形成的微颗粒的实验组小鼠,谷丙转氨酶和肌酐含量没有明显变化。
实施例7:包裹溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒抑制肿瘤生长,延长荷瘤小鼠的存活时间
1、实验步骤
1×106个A549人肺癌细胞皮下接种裸鼠。5天后,细胞囊泡(MP)、溶瘤腺病毒(OA)、包裹了溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒(OA-MP)直接注射入肿瘤接种部位,3天注射一次,共5次,观察皮下肿瘤生长情况。每次注射的细胞囊泡、微颗粒的数量相同为2×106个,腺病毒的量为2×106个。
5×106个A549人肺癌细胞腹腔接种裸鼠。3天后,PBS溶液、单独溶瘤腺病毒(OA)、单独细胞囊泡(MP)、包裹了溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒(OA-MP)分别直接给予腹腔注射,3天注射一次,共5次,观察小鼠存活时间。每次注射的细胞囊泡、微颗粒的数量相同为3×106个,腺病毒的量为3×106个。
5×106个A2780人卵巢癌细胞腹腔接种裸鼠。3天后,细胞囊泡(MP)、溶瘤腺病毒(OA)、包裹了溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒(OA-MP)分别给予腹腔注射,2天注射一次,共7次,观察小鼠腹腔肿瘤生长情况。每次注射的细胞囊泡、微颗粒的数量相同为3×106个,腺病毒的量为3×106个。
本实施例中制备微颗粒、细胞囊泡的方法同实施例2。使用实施例3-4的制备方法也能获得以下类似的效果。
2、实验结果
裸鼠皮下接种A549肿瘤细胞,第5天开始长出肿瘤结节,但经过包裹了溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒治疗后,其肿瘤生长明显受抑制,肿瘤体积显著小于其它对照组别(图5a显示了第5天和第21天的肿瘤体积大小、图5b显示了不同时间点检测肿瘤体积大小),即相比于仅施用溶瘤腺病毒的组,以及单独施用细胞囊泡的组,包裹了溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒组能够显著抑制裸鼠皮下A549肿瘤的生长。
裸鼠腹腔接种A549肿瘤细胞后,包裹了溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒治疗显著延长荷瘤小鼠的生存期,与单独溶瘤腺病毒组相比,p<0.05(图5c显示了经磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS),细胞囊泡(MP)、溶瘤腺病毒(OA)、包裹了溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒(OA-MP)处理小鼠后荷瘤小鼠的存活率),即相比于仅施用溶瘤腺病毒的组,以及单独施用细胞囊泡的组,包裹了溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒组能够明显延长荷瘤小鼠的生存期。
裸鼠腹腔接种A2780肿瘤细胞后,分别给予磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)、单独细胞囊泡(MP)、单独溶瘤腺病毒(OA)、包裹了溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒(OA-MP)等不同治疗,30天后,对肿瘤大小和重量进行检测,结果如图5d所示,即相比于仅施用溶瘤腺病毒的组,以及单独施用细胞囊泡的组,包裹了溶瘤腺病毒的微颗粒组治疗能够显著抑制卵巢癌肿瘤的生长。并且与单独溶瘤腺病毒组相比,p<0.05(见图5d)。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种溶瘤病毒制剂的制备方法,包括使溶瘤病毒与肿瘤细胞以1:1至20:1比例混合以感染肿瘤细胞,在37℃和5%氧含量条件下,培养被感染的肿瘤细胞并使之凋亡,在48-72小时的时间内,收集凋亡肿瘤细胞释放的微颗粒,所述微颗粒即为细胞囊泡包裹溶瘤病毒后形成的所述溶瘤病毒制剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,所述肿瘤细胞包括卵巢癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、肝癌、胰腺癌或前列腺癌。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,所述收集凋亡肿瘤细胞所释放的微颗粒的方法为通过离心机,以1000-50000g的离心力,收集微颗粒。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其中,所述收集凋亡肿瘤细胞所释放的微颗粒的方法为通过离心机,以不大于5000g的离心力去除肿瘤细胞及其碎片,以10000g-50000g的离心力收集所述微颗粒。
  5. 一种溶瘤病毒制剂,包括源自凋亡肿瘤细胞的细胞囊泡和被包裹在所述细胞囊泡内作为有效成分的溶瘤病毒,所述溶瘤病毒制剂根据权利要求1-4任一项所述方法制成。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的溶瘤病毒制剂,由所述细胞囊泡包裹所述溶瘤病毒所形成的溶瘤病毒制剂的粒度为100~1000 纳米。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的溶瘤病毒制剂,所述肿瘤细胞包括卵巢癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、肝癌、胰腺癌或前列腺癌。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的溶瘤病毒制剂,所述溶瘤病毒制剂包括注射制剂。
  9. 根据权利要求5或8所述的溶瘤病毒制剂,所述溶瘤病毒制剂为单位制剂。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的溶瘤病毒制剂,所述单位制剂中含有1×107到1×108个所述微颗粒。
  11. 一种治疗肿瘤的方法,包括对肿瘤患者施用权利要求5-10任一项所述的溶瘤病毒制剂的过程。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,所述肿瘤包括卵巢癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、肝癌、胰腺癌或前列腺癌。
  13. 一种预防肿瘤发生的方法,包括对有肿瘤发生趋势的个体施用权利要求5-10任一项所述的溶瘤病毒制剂的过程。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法,所述肿瘤包括卵巢癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、肝癌、胰腺癌或前列腺癌。
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