WO2016181847A1 - チタン材の表面窒化処理方法 - Google Patents
チタン材の表面窒化処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016181847A1 WO2016181847A1 PCT/JP2016/063250 JP2016063250W WO2016181847A1 WO 2016181847 A1 WO2016181847 A1 WO 2016181847A1 JP 2016063250 W JP2016063250 W JP 2016063250W WO 2016181847 A1 WO2016181847 A1 WO 2016181847A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
Definitions
- titanium materials such as pure titanium and titanium alloys are excellent in specific strength, and thus have been used in the fields of aircraft and automobile parts that require particularly light weight. Since the titanium material has high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, it is also used in various modes as a constituent material for living body implants.
- titanium materials have a problem that they have low wear resistance and are likely to be seized, making it difficult to use them as sliding members. Therefore, various surface treatment methods for improving the wear resistance of the titanium material have been developed.
- As a method for curing the surface of the titanium material there is a method of forming a cured nitride layer on the surface of the titanium material.
- Known methods for forming a hardened nitride layer on the surface of the titanium material include ion nitriding, plasma nitriding, and thermal nitriding.
- a high-frequency induction plasma generator is used to introduce a nitrogen and hydrogen plasma gas into the plasma torch part, and a titanium material is nitrided in the afterglow region to form a hardened nitride layer on the surface. Is.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for forming a hardened nitride layer on the surface of a titanium material made of pure titanium.
- a vacuum furnace after sealing the annealed titanium material to a vacuum furnace and making it vacuum, it heats up and hold
- predetermined temperature 880 degreeC
- flowing nitrogen gas at the rate of 1 L / min at normal pressure.
- a cured nitride layer is formed on the surface of the titanium material by nitriding.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that “titanium or a titanium alloy is heated in a hydrogen atmosphere to absorb 0.3 to 1.0 wt% of hydrogen for the purpose of forming a uniform and thick nitride layer. Then, the surface of the metal is heated in a vacuum and dehydrogenated to 0.01 wt% or less to bring the surface into an active state, and then immediately heated and cooled in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. A method of modifying the surface of titanium or a titanium alloy is disclosed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 in which a nitrided layer is formed after forming a surface active state using hydrogen, the gas nitriding treatment needs to be held at 850 ° C. for 10 hours. Even in the ion nitriding treatment method and the plasma nitriding treatment method using a special apparatus such as the above-described ion implantation apparatus or high-frequency induction plasma generation apparatus, the treatment is performed at a high temperature of 900 ° C. or more for about 0.5 to 12 hours. Time is needed.
- the inventors of the present invention have adopted the following surface nitriding method for titanium materials according to the present invention.
- the titanium material surface nitriding method according to the present invention is a titanium material surface nitriding method in which nitrogen gas is used to nitride the surface of the titanium material, and the titanium material is treated in an inert gas atmosphere. While heating at 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C., nitrogen gas is blown onto the titanium material surface at a flow rate of 10 L / min or more to form a hardened nitride layer on the titanium material surface.
- the flow rate of the nitrogen gas is 70 L / min or more.
- the titanium material is preferably pure titanium or a titanium alloy.
- the titanium material is preferably heated by a high frequency induction heating method.
- the heating time of the titanium material accompanied by the blowing of the nitrogen gas is 1 minute to 60 minutes.
- the nitrogen gas includes a projection material, and the projection material is sprayed onto the surface of the heated titanium material to surface-treat the titanium material.
- the projection material is preferably titanium particles.
- nitrogen gas is blown onto the surface of the titanium material at a flow rate of 10 L / min or more while heating the titanium material to 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere.
- a hardened nitride layer can be formed on the surface of the titanium material in a short time of 1 to 60 minutes. Therefore, according to the present invention, by using the existing equipment and changing the flow rate of nitrogen gas, the surface is provided with a hardened nitride layer having higher wear efficiency and higher wear efficiency than the conventional one.
- a titanium material can be provided.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing mass changes before and after treatment in Examples 1 to 3. It is a figure which shows the analysis result of Example 1- Example 3 and an XRD of an untreated material. It is a figure which shows the Vickers hardness distribution from the surface to an internal direction on the longitudinal cross-section of Example 1- Example 3.
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a Vickers hardness distribution from the surface to the inner direction on the longitudinal section of the specimens of Examples 4 to 6.
- the titanium material surface nitriding method according to the present invention is a titanium material surface nitriding method in which the surface of the titanium material is nitrided using nitrogen gas, and the titanium material is heated to 800 ° C. or higher in an inert gas atmosphere. While heating to 1000 ° C., nitrogen gas is blown onto the titanium material surface at a flow rate of 10 L / min or more to form a hardened nitride layer on the titanium material surface.
- pure titanium or a titanium alloy can be used as the titanium material to be subjected to the surface nitriding treatment.
- the titanium alloy include an ⁇ + ⁇ type titanium alloy, an ⁇ type titanium alloy, and a ⁇ type titanium alloy.
- ⁇ + ⁇ type titanium alloys include Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-8Mn, Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, and the like.
- An example of the ⁇ -type titanium alloy is Ti-5Al-2.5Sn.
- Examples of the ⁇ -type titanium alloy include Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al, Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Ai, Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn, and the like.
- the surface treatment atmosphere of the titanium material is controlled under an atmosphere controlled by an inert gas atmosphere (Atmospheric controlled).
- an inert gas atmosphere As the inert gas forming the surface treatment atmosphere, a rare gas such as argon may be used, but in the present invention, nitrogen gas is preferably used. This is because nitrogen gas is sprayed onto the titanium material for nitriding treatment.
- the means for heating the titanium material is not particularly limited, and any heating material can be used as long as the titanium material to be subjected to the surface nitriding treatment can be heated to 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
- Means can be employed.
- a furnace heating method and a high frequency induction heating method IH
- the heating temperature of the titanium material to be subjected to the surface nitriding treatment is set to 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C. as described above.
- the heating temperature of the titanium material to be subjected to the surface nitriding treatment is less than 800 ° C., the diffusion rate of nitrogen into the base material of the titanium material is reduced, and the thickness of 20 ⁇ m or more having the hardness required for the product It becomes difficult to form the cured nitride layer in 60 minutes or less.
- the heating temperature of the titanium material exceeds 1000 ° C., crystal grains are coarsened and the strength of the titanium material itself is lowered, which is not preferable.
- nitrogen gas is blown at a flow rate of 10 L / min or more on the surface of the titanium material heated to 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the flow rate of the nitrogen gas is more preferably 70 L / min or more, and further preferably 130 L / min or more. In the present invention, only the lower limit value of the flow rate of nitrogen gas sprayed on the surface of the titanium material is defined. If the flow rate of the nitrogen gas is 10 L / min or more, it is possible to form a hardened nitride layer having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m or more with the hardness required for the product on the surface of the titanium material in a short time of 10 minutes.
- the upper limit value of the flow rate of nitrogen gas sprayed on the surface of the titanium material is not particularly limited. As the flow rate of nitrogen gas increases, a hardened nitride layer having a higher hardness and higher thickness can be formed in a shorter time. However, considering practical use, it is preferably 200 L / min or less.
- the heating time of the titanium material is preferably at least 1 minute at 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C. accompanied by blowing nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 10 L / min or more in an inert gas atmosphere. If the heating time of the titanium material with the flow of nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 10 L / min or less is less than 1 minute, the thickness of the cured nitride layer formed on the surface of the titanium material becomes insufficient, and products such as sliding members It is difficult to ensure the required hardness.
- the upper limit value of the heating time of the titanium material accompanied by the blowing of nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 10 L / min or more is set to 60 minutes. This is because even if the heating time is 60 minutes or longer, the thickness of the cured nitride layer formed on the surface of the titanium material and the rate of increase in hardness are saturated, and 60 minutes is sufficient in consideration of production efficiency.
- a cured nitride layer is formed on the surface of the titanium material by the surface nitriding method of the titanium material of the present invention.
- the hardened nitride layer includes a TiN layer and a nitrogen diffusion layer.
- the TiN layer is a layer formed by combining Ti and N 2 formed on the outermost surface of the titanium material.
- the TiN layer is formed with a thickness of several ⁇ m or less on the outermost surface of the titanium material.
- the nitrogen diffusion layer is a layer formed in the lower layer of the TiN layer, and is a layer formed by diffusing nitrogen inside the titanium base material.
- the nitrogen diffusion layer is formed with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- These hard nitrided layers having a TiN layer and a nitrogen diffusion layer have higher hardness than a titanium base material and are excellent in mechanical properties such as wear resistance. Therefore, the wear resistance of the titanium material on which the hardened nitride layer is formed is improved.
- the projection material may be any projection material as long as it is a chemically stable inorganic particle.
- examples include titanium, alumina, high speed tool steel particles, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, aluminum, iron, silicon and the like.
- particles that do not affect the chemical composition of the surface of the titanium material it is more preferable to use titanium, alumina, and high-speed tool steel particles.
- the projection material for example, a material whose average particle diameter is adjusted from several ⁇ m to several hundred ⁇ m can be used.
- the target of the surface nitriding treatment is a titanium material
- titanium particles particularly titanium particles having an average particle size of 45 ⁇ m or less, should be used in consideration of the fact that the hardened nitride layer on the surface is scraped off by the collision of the projection material. Is more preferable.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a surface nitriding apparatus 1 to which a surface nitriding method of the present invention is applied.
- the surface nitriding apparatus 1 is a vacuum substitution type apparatus including a chamber 2 formed in an airtight manner.
- a support base 11 for placing the titanium material W and an induction heating coil (heating means) 12 provided around the titanium material W placed on the support base 11 are provided.
- the chamber 2 is provided with a discharge unit 20 for injecting nitrogen gas 3 or nitrogen gas containing a projection material toward the titanium material W placed on the support base 11.
- the chamber 2 is provided with a vacuum gauge 6 for detecting the pressure in the chamber 2 and an exhaust path 13 for exhausting the gas in the chamber 2.
- An air release valve 13A is disposed in the exhaust path 13, and a vacuum pump 7 is disposed on the upstream side of the air release valve 13A.
- On the downstream side of the vacuum pump 7, an exhaust valve 8 and a zirconia oxygen concentration meter 14 for detecting the oxygen concentration of the gas in the chamber 2 are disposed.
- a temperature sensor 15 that detects the surface temperature of the titanium material W placed on the support table 11 is disposed on the support table 11.
- the induction heating coil 12 is connected to a high frequency application device 5 provided outside the chamber 2 and is applied with a high frequency current having a predetermined frequency.
- the high-frequency applying device 5 applies high-frequency currents having a single frequency or a plurality of frequencies to the induction heating coil 12 to induction-heat the titanium material W.
- the discharge unit 20 disposed in the chamber 2 includes a discharge nozzle 21 directed to the support base 11.
- a nitrogen gas supply unit 23 that supplies nitrogen gas is connected to the discharge nozzle 21.
- a gas supply path 24 directly connected to the discharge nozzle 21 and a projection material supply path 25 connected to the discharge nozzle 21 via a parts feeder 26 containing the projection material.
- a gas adjustment valve 22 for adjusting a gas supply amount and a flow meter 22A are interposed.
- the projection material supply path 25 is provided with a projection material adjustment valve 27 for adjusting the gas supply amount and a flow meter 27A.
- the inside of the chamber 2 may be controlled to an inert gas atmosphere
- a rare gas such as argon is used as an inert gas as a gas for forming the inert gas atmosphere in the chamber 2
- titanium is used during nitriding.
- Nitrogen gas may be used as the gas sprayed onto the material W.
- nitrogen gas it is preferable to use nitrogen gas as a gas for forming an inert gas atmosphere in the chamber 2, and the flow rate of nitrogen gas blown from the discharge nozzle 21 is 10 L / min or more.
- the discharge amount of the nitrogen gas from the discharge nozzle 21 may be controlled by a discharge pressure (for example, 0.1 MPa or more) instead of the spray flow rate.
- FIG. 2 shows an electric block diagram of the control device C of the surface nitriding apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the control device C is constituted by a general-purpose microcomputer and has a built-in memory in which a control program is stored.
- a vacuum gauge 6, an oxygen concentration meter 14, a temperature sensor 15 for detecting the surface temperature of the titanium material W, and flow meters 22 ⁇ / b> A and 27 ⁇ / b> A are connected to the input side of the control device C.
- An induction heating coil 12 is connected to the output side of the control device C via a high-frequency application device 5, and a vacuum pump 7, an exhaust valve 8, a gas adjustment valve 22, a projection material adjustment valve 27, an atmosphere An open valve 13A is connected.
- the control device C controls the vacuum pump 7.
- the high-frequency application device 5, the exhaust valve 8, the air release valve 13A, the gas adjustment valve 22, and the projection material adjustment valve 27 are controlled to control the atmosphere in the chamber 2, the heating temperature of the titanium material W, and the nitrogen gas Controls the flow rate of spraying and the presence or absence of injection of the projection material.
- control device C opens only the gas supply valve 22 and supplies nitrogen gas as an inert gas into the chamber 2.
- the control device C opens the atmosphere release valve 13A after the pressure in the chamber 2 becomes equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure. Thereby, only nitrogen gas is injected from the discharge nozzle 21 into the chamber 2, air in the chamber 2 is discharged from the exhaust port 13, and the chamber 2 is filled with nitrogen gas.
- the control device C proceeds to the surface nitriding process.
- the control device C adjusts the nitrogen gas flow rate to a predetermined value, supplies a high-frequency current from the high-frequency application device 5 to the induction heating coil 12, and based on the output of the temperature sensor 15, The surface temperature is heated to a predetermined heat treatment temperature.
- nitrogen gas is employed as the inert gas
- the temperature sensor 15 keeps the surface temperature of the titanium material W at a predetermined heat treatment temperature, specifically, a temperature set in the range of 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C. as described above.
- a high frequency current is supplied to the induction heating coil 12.
- the titanium material W is heated for 1 minute to 60 minutes by supplying a high-frequency current accompanied by blowing nitrogen gas from the discharge nozzle 21 to the surface of the titanium material W.
- nitrogen gas 10 L / min or more onto the surface of the titanium material W that is induction-heated in an inert gas atmosphere
- a cured nitride layer is formed on the surface of the titanium material.
- a nitrogen diffusion layer formed by diffusing nitrogen from the surface of the titanium material to the inside of the titanium material and a TiN layer in which titanium and nitrogen are combined are formed on the outermost surface of the titanium material as the hardened nitride layer.
- oxygen gas is extremely small in the chamber 2, almost no oxide scale is generated on the surface of the titanium material W.
- the heating time accompanied by the blowing of nitrogen gas is changed depending on the required surface hardness of the titanium material W and the thickness of the hardened nitride layer.
- the shot peening process (FPP process) is performed by causing the projection material to collide with the surface of the titanium material W using the nitrogen gas containing the projection material.
- the gas regulating valve 22 and the projection material regulating valve 27 are controlled to be opened, and nitrogen gas containing the projection material is injected from the discharge nozzle 21.
- the nitrogen gas discharged from the nitrogen gas supply unit 23 flows into the projection material supply path 25 and is accompanied by the projection material accommodated in the parts feeder 26. Is injected from.
- the nitrogen gas sprayed onto the surface of the heated titanium material W may be a nitrogen gas that does not include a projection material or a nitrogen gas that includes a projection material.
- the nitrogen gas containing the projection material may be used only for a part of the processing time, for example, the first predetermined time, and the nitrogen gas not containing the projection material may be used for the remaining time. That is, the heat treatment of the titanium material W accompanied by the blowing of nitrogen gas may not be accompanied by the FPP treatment, but may be accompanied by the FPP treatment in all the treatment steps of the heat treatment, and only part of the FPP treatment is performed. May be.
- the time distribution of the FPP process is not particularly limited here, but may be changed according to the required hardness and thickness of the hardened nitride layer.
- control device C stops the supply of the high-frequency current from the high-frequency applying device 5 to the induction heating coil 12, blows only nitrogen gas from the discharge nozzle 21 onto the titanium material W, and cools it for a predetermined time, for example, 30 seconds. I do.
- a cured nitride layer is formed on the surface of the titanium material W.
- Example 1 a titanium material with a hardened nitride layer as Example 1 was obtained.
- the thermal history of the sample material is shown in FIG.
- Example 2 In Example 2, as in Example 1 described above, the surface nitriding treatment of the pure titanium material was performed without performing the FPP treatment. Example 2 differs from Example 1 only in the flow rate of nitrogen gas, and the flow rate of the nitrogen gas was set to 70 L / min.
- Example 3 In Example 3, the surface nitriding treatment of the pure titanium material was performed without performing the FPP treatment in the same manner as in the above-described Example 1 and Example 2.
- Example 3 differs from Example 1 only in the flow rate of nitrogen gas, and the flow rate of the nitrogen gas was set to 10 L / min.
- Example 4 to 6 the surface nitriding treatment of a titanium material made of a titanium alloy was performed without performing the FPP treatment in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 described above.
- Example 4 to Example 6 differ from Example 1 to Example 3 only in the test material. That is, in Examples 4 to 6, a Ti-6Al-4V round bar was used as a test material.
- the flow rate of nitrogen gas is 130 L / min
- Example 5 the flow rate of nitrogen gas is 70 L / min
- Example 6 As in Example 3, the flow rate of nitrogen gas was 10 L / min.
- Example 7 In Example 7, as in Example 4, the surface nitriding treatment of the titanium alloy material was performed without performing the FPP treatment. Example 7 differs from Example 4 only in the heating time of the titanium alloy material accompanied by the blowing of nitrogen gas, and the heating time was 1.5 minutes.
- Example 8 Unlike Example 1 to Example 7 described above, Example 8 performed surface nitriding treatment of a titanium material accompanied by FPP treatment for projecting the projected particles onto the surface of the test material.
- Example 8 differs from Example 4 only in that the projection particles are contained in the nitrogen gas used in the surface nitriding treatment of the titanium material.
- titanium particles having an average particle diameter of 45 ⁇ m or less were used as the projection material.
- the FPP treatment particle supply amount was 0.2 g / s
- the projection distance was 100 mm
- the injection pressure was 0.5 MPa
- the nitrogen gas flow rate was 130 L / min for 3 minutes.
- the power supply to the induction heating coil 12 was stopped and quenched with nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 130 L / min.
- Example 9 In Example 9, as in Example 8, the surface nitriding treatment of the titanium alloy material accompanied by the FPP treatment was performed. In Example 9, the FPP treatment was performed on only a part of the entire treatment process of the heat treatment of the titanium alloy material accompanied by the blowing of nitrogen gas. Specifically, in Example 9, the titanium alloy material was heated (AIH-FPP treatment) while spraying nitrogen gas containing a projection material on the titanium alloy material for 1 minute under the same FPP treatment conditions as in Example 8. After being performed, the titanium alloy material was heated (heated and maintained) while spraying nitrogen gas containing no projection material on the titanium alloy material continuously for 2 minutes. Thereafter, the power supply to the induction heating coil 12 was stopped and quenched with nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 130 L / min. The heat history of Example 9 is shown in FIG.
- Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 of the method for surface nitriding a titanium material according to the present invention will be described.
- Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, as in Example 1 described above, heat treatment was performed on a pure titanium material accompanied by blowing of nitrogen gas without performing FPP treatment. Comparative Example 1 was different from Example 1 only in the heating temperature of the test material, and the heating temperature was 600 ° C.
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, the heat treatment of the titanium alloy material accompanied by the blowing of nitrogen gas was performed without performing the FPP treatment as in Example 4 described above. Comparative Example 2 differs from Example 4 only in the heating time of the test material. Specifically, in Comparative Example 2, the sample material was heated to 900 ° C. while blowing nitrogen gas on the sample material, and then immediately cooled. The heating and holding time at 900 ° C. was 0 minute.
- Table 1 summarizes the experimental conditions of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 described above.
- Example 1 to 3 First, about Examples 1 to 3 in which pure titanium material was used as a test material, and only the conditions of the flow rate of nitrogen gas were changed without performing FPP treatment. State.
- the surface of the pure titanium material was treated at 900 ° C. for 3 minutes while blowing nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 10 L / min or more.
- the surface of the pure titanium material of Example 1 with a nitrogen gas flow rate of 130 L / min, Example 2 with 70 L / min, and Example 3 with 10 L / min has an ocher color observed by surface nitriding. It was presenting. As the flow rate of nitrogen gas increased, the ocher color on the surface tended to become darker.
- the mass change before and after the treatment for Examples 1 to 3 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, in each of Examples 1 to 3, the mass increased before and after the treatment, and the mass increased as the flow rate of nitrogen gas increased. From these macro observations and mass changes, it is considered that the mass increased due to the chemical reaction between nitrogen and titanium and the diffusion of nitrogen into the base material of the titanium material. Therefore, it can be seen that an increase in the flow rate of nitrogen gas promotes nitriding of the titanium material.
- FIG. 6 shows the XRD analysis results of Examples 1 to 3 and the untreated material.
- the surface of the specimens of Examples 1 to 3 where the treatment temperature is 900 ° C. and the flow rate of nitrogen gas is 10 L / min to 130 L / min without FPP treatment is not applied.
- a TiN peak that could not be confirmed in the treated material was present, and it was confirmed that a nitride layer composed of TiN was present on the surface of the test material. Since the peak of TiN appears more conspicuously as the flow rate of nitrogen gas increases, it can be seen from the XRD results that the nitridation of the titanium material is promoted as the flow rate of nitrogen gas increases.
- FIG. 7 shows the Vickers hardness distribution from the surface to the inner direction on the longitudinal section of the specimens of Examples 1 to 3.
- the specimens of Examples 1 to 3 having a treatment temperature of 900 ° C. and a nitrogen gas flow rate of 10 L / min or more are all hardest within a depth of 30 ⁇ m from the surface. It can be seen that a cured nitride layer is formed on the surface of the test material.
- the maximum hardness exceeded 480 HV (25 g), and the depth of the cured nitride layer was 120 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 In which the flow rate of nitrogen gas was 70 L / min, the maximum hardness exceeded 360 HV (25 g), and the depth of the cured nitrided layer was 100 ⁇ m.
- Example 3 in which the flow rate of nitrogen gas was 10 L / min, the maximum hardness was 290 HV (25 g), and the depth of the cured nitride layer was 90 ⁇ m. From the figure showing the Vickers hardness, it can be seen that at the same heating temperature, as the flow rate of nitrogen gas increases, the hardness of the resulting cured nitride layer increases and becomes thicker.
- Example 4 to Example 6 using a titanium alloy material as a test material and changing only the flow rate of nitrogen gas without performing the FPP treatment. State.
- the surface of the titanium alloy material was treated at 900 ° C. for 3 minutes while blowing nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 10 L / min or more. Evaluation by the Vickers hardness test for the specimens of Examples 4 to 6 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 shows the Vickers hardness distribution from the surface to the inner direction on the longitudinal section of the specimens of Examples 4 to 6. As shown in FIG. 8, the specimens of Examples 4 to 6 having a treatment temperature of 900 ° C.
- Example 4 in which the flow rate of nitrogen gas was 130 L / min, the maximum hardness exceeded 560 HV (25 g), and the depth of the cured nitrided layer was 120 ⁇ m.
- Example 5 in which the flow rate of nitrogen gas was 70 L / min, the maximum hardness exceeded 510 HV (25 g), and the depth of the cured nitride layer was 80 ⁇ m.
- Example 6 in which the flow rate of nitrogen gas was 10 L / min, the maximum hardness was 480 HV (25 g), and the depth of the cured nitride layer was 50 ⁇ m. From the figure showing the Vickers hardness, even when a titanium alloy material is processed, the hardened nitride layer obtained is higher in hardness and thicker as the flow rate of nitrogen gas increases at the same heating temperature. I understand.
- Comparative Example 1 the nitrogen gas flow rate is the highest in hardness and the thickness of the hardened nitrided layer is thick, as is apparent from the results of Examples 1 to 3. 130 L / min was adopted. And processing temperature was 600 degreeC. In this case, as shown in Comparative Example 1 in FIG. 9 and the XRD analysis result of the untreated material, a TiN peak could not be confirmed on the surface of the test material, similarly to the untreated material. Therefore, it was confirmed that a nitride layer made of TiN could not be formed on the surface of the pure titanium material at a processing temperature of 600 ° C.
- FIG. 10 shows the Vickers hardness distribution from the surface to the internal direction on the longitudinal section of the specimens of Example 4, Example 7, and Comparative Example 2.
- the hardness of the outermost surface is higher as the heat treatment time is longer. It can be seen that by maintaining the heat treatment time for at least 1.5 minutes or more, the hardness of the outermost surface can be 420 HV (25 g) or more, and the thickness of the cured nitride layer can be 50 ⁇ m or more.
- Example 4 a titanium alloy material was used as a test material, and during the heat treatment with a nitrogen gas flow rate of 130 L / min, the FPP treatment was performed only for the treatment time.
- Example 4, Example 8, and Example 9 will be described.
- Example 4 Example 8 and Example 9 were both heat-treated at 900 ° C. while blowing nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 130 / L on the surface of the titanium alloy material.
- the FPP treatment time was set to 0 minutes, and the heat treatment time (heat holding time) accompanied by blowing of nitrogen gas containing no projection material was set to 3 minutes.
- Example 8 the heat treatment time with the blowing of the nitrogen gas containing the projection material was 3 minutes, and the heat treatment with the blowing of the nitrogen gas not containing the projection material was not performed.
- Example 9 the heat treatment time with the blowing of nitrogen gas containing the projection material is set to 1 minute, and the heat treatment (heating holding time) with the blowing of nitrogen gas not containing the projection material is performed. 2 minutes. The heating time for the entire heat treatment process is 3 minutes in common.
- Example 9 The surface of the sample material of Example 4 in which the FPP treatment time was 0 minute exhibited an ocher color observed by surface nitriding.
- Example 9 in which the FPP treatment time was 1 minute and the heating and holding time was 2 minutes, as in Example 4, the ocher color observed by surface nitridation was exhibited. Thinner than.
- Example 8 in which the FPP treatment time was 3 minutes and the heat holding time was 0 minutes, the ocher color was hardly observed on the surface.
- FIG. 11 shows the Vickers hardness distribution from the surface to the internal direction on the longitudinal section of the specimens of Examples 4, 8, and 9. As shown in FIG. 11, no great difference was found in the hardness and thickness of the formed cured nitride layer regardless of the presence or absence of the FPP treatment and the treatment time. From these evaluation results, considering that the ocher color observed by surface nitriding is the influence of the TiN layer, the projection material is contained in nitrogen gas sprayed on the surface of the titanium material, and the projection material is applied to the surface of the titanium material. It is determined that the formation of a hardened nitride layer having a predetermined strength can be achieved by promoting the formation of a nitrogen diffusion layer while suppressing the formation of a TiN layer, which causes a reduction in fatigue strength. it can.
- the method for nitriding a surface of a titanium material according to the present invention can form a cured nitrided layer having excellent wear resistance in a short time on the surface of a titanium material having excellent specific strength, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Therefore, this invention is effective at the point which can improve the abrasion resistance of the titanium material excellent in specific strength efficiently.
- Control device 1 Surface nitriding device 2 Chamber 3 Nitrogen gas or nitrogen gas containing projection material 5 High frequency application device 6 Vacuum gauge 7 Vacuum pump 8 Exhaust valve 11 Support base 12 Induction heating coil (heating means) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 13 Exhaust path 13A Atmospheric release valve 14 Oxygen meter 15 Temperature sensor 20 Discharge part 21 Discharge nozzle 22 Gas adjustment valve 23 Nitrogen gas supply part 24 Gas supply path 25 Projection material supply path 26 Parts feeder 27 Projection material adjustment valve
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Abstract
Description
実施例1は、上述した表面窒化処理装置1を用いて、FPP処理を行わずに純チタン材からなるチタン材の表面窒化処理を行った。実施例1では、供試材として工業用純チタン圧延丸棒(φ15mm、t4mm)を用いた。まず、上述した供試材を誘導加熱コイル12の内側に設置し、チャンバ2内を真空引きした後、吐出ノズル21から窒素ガス(純度99.99%)を供給し、チャンバ2内の雰囲気を窒素ガスに置換した。その後、供試材を加熱温度として900℃まで昇温し、その温度を維持しながら、130L/分の流量で窒素ガスを当該供試材に3分間吹き付けた。その後、誘導加熱コイル12への給電を停止して、流量130L/分の窒素ガスにより急冷した。以上の操作を行うことにより、実施例1としての硬化窒化層付きチタン材を得た。当該供試材の熱履歴を図3に示す。
実施例2は、上述した実施例1と同様にFPP処理を行わずに純チタン材の表面窒化処理を行った。実施例2は、実施例1とは、窒素ガスの流量のみが異なり、当該窒素ガスの流量を70L/分とした。
実施例3は、上述した実施例1及び実施例2と同様にFPP処理を行わずに純チタン材の表面窒化処理を行った。実施例3は、実施例1とは、窒素ガスの流量のみが異なり、当該窒素ガスの流量を10L/分とした。
実施例4~実施例6は、上述した実施例1~実施例3と同様にFPP処理を行わずにチタン合金からなるチタン材の表面窒化処理を行った。実施例4~実施例6は、実施例1~実施例3とは、供試材のみが異なる。すなわち、実施例4~実施例6では、供試材としてTi-6Al-4Vの丸棒を用いた。そして、実施例4は、実施例1と同様に、窒素ガスの流量を130L/分とし、実施例5は、実施例2と同様に、窒素ガスの流量を70L/分とし、実施例6は、実施例3と同様に、窒素ガスの流量を10L/分とした。
実施例7は、実施例4と同様にFPP処理を行わずにチタン合金材の表面窒化処理を行った。実施例7は、実施例4とは、窒素ガスの吹きつけを伴うチタン合金材の加熱時間のみが異なり、当該加熱時間を1.5分とした。
実施例8は、上述した実施例1~実施例7とは異なり、供試材の表面に当該投射粒子を投射するFPP処理を伴ったチタン材の表面窒化処理を行った。実施例8は、実施例4とは、チタン材の表面窒化処理において用いる窒素ガスに投射粒子が含有する点のみが異なる。具体的には、実施例8では、投射材として、平均粒径が45μm以下のチタン粒子を用いた。実施例8におけるFPP処理は、FPP処理粒子供給量0.2g/s、投射距離100mm、噴射圧力0.5MPa、窒素ガス流量を130L/分で、3分間投射した。なお、FPP処理後は、実施例1~実施例7と同様に、誘導加熱コイル12への給電を停止して、流量130L/分の窒素ガスにより急冷した。
実施例9は、実施例8と同様にFPP処理を伴ったチタン合金材の表面窒化処理を行った。実施例9は、窒素ガスの吹きつけを伴うチタン合金材の加熱処理の全処理工程のうち、一部のみにFPP処理を行った。具体的には、実施例9は、実施例8と同じFPP処理の条件で、1分間投射材を含んだ窒素ガスをチタン合金材に吹き付けながら当該チタン合金材の加熱(AIH-FPP処理)を行った後、2分間継続して投射材を含まない窒素ガスをチタン合金材に吹き付けながら当該チタン合金材の加熱(加熱保持)を行った。その後、誘導加熱コイル12への給電を停止して、流量130L/分の窒素ガスにより急冷した。当該実施例9の熱履歴を図4に示す。
比較例1は、上述した実施例1と同様にFPP処理を行わずに窒素ガスの吹きつけを伴う純チタン材の加熱処理を行った。比較例1は、実施例1とは、供試材の加熱温度のみが異なり、当該加熱温度として600℃とした。
比較例2は、上述した実施例4と同様にFPP処理を行わずに窒素ガスの吹きつけを伴うチタン合金材の加熱処理を行った。比較例2は、実施例4とは、供試材の加熱時間のみが異なる。具体的には、比較例2は、窒素ガスを供試材に吹き付けながら当該供試材を900℃まで加熱した後、すぐに冷却した。900℃における加熱保持時間は0分とした。
上述した各実施例1~実施例9、比較例1及び比較例2について、マクロ観察、処理前後の質量測定、XRD(X-Ray Diffractometer:XRD)分析、ビッカース硬さ測定を行い、評価を行った。
まずはじめに、供試材として純チタン材を用い、FPP処理を行わずに、窒素ガスの流量の条件のみを変化させた実施例1~実施例3について述べる。実施例1~実施例3は、純チタン材の表面に窒素ガスを10L/分以上の流量で吹き付けながら900℃で3分間処理を行った。窒素ガスの流量を130L/分とした実施例1、70L/分とした実施例2及び10L/分とした実施例3の純チタン材の表面は、いずれも表面窒化で観察される黄土色を呈していた。窒素ガスの流量が多くなるに従い、その表面の黄土色が濃くなる傾向を示した。
次に、供試材としてチタン合金材を用い、FPP処理を行わずに、窒素ガスの流量の条件のみを変化させた実施例4~実施例6について述べる。実施例4~実施例6は、チタン合金材の表面に窒素ガスを10L/分以上の流量で吹き付けながら900℃で3分間処理を行った。各実施例4~実施例6の供試材についてのビッカース硬さ試験による評価について、図8を参照して説明する。図8は実施例4~実施例6の供試材の縦断面上での表面から内部方向へのビッカース硬さ分布を示す。図8に示すように、処理温度900℃、窒素ガスの流量が10L/分以上とする実施例4~実施例6の供試材は、いずれも最表面において最高硬さが表れており、当該供試材の表面に硬化窒化層が形成されていることが分かる。窒素ガスの流量が130L/分である実施例4は、最高硬さが560HV(25g)を超えており、硬化窒化層の深さは、120μmであった。窒素ガスの流量が70L/分である実施例5は、最高硬さが510HV(25g)を超えており、硬化窒化層の深さは、80μmであった。窒素ガスの流量が10L/分である実施例6は、最高硬さが480HV(25g)であり、硬化窒化層の深さは、50μmであった。当該ビッカース硬さを示す図から、チタン合金材を処理した場合にも、同じ加熱温度では、窒素ガスの流量が多いほど、得られる硬化窒化層の硬さが高く、より厚く形成されることが分かる。
比較例1は、窒素ガスの流量を、実施例1~実施例3の結果からも明らかなように、最も硬さが高く、硬化窒化層の厚さが厚く形成された130L/分を採用した。そして、処理温度を600℃とした。この場合には、図9の比較例1及び未処理材のXRDの分析結果に示すように、供試材の表面には、未処理材と同様に、TiNのピークが確認できなかった。よって、600℃の処理温度では、当該純チタン材の表面には、TiNから成る窒化層を形成することができなかったことが確認できた。
次に、供試材としてチタン合金材を用い、FPP処理を行わずに、窒素ガス流量130L/分を伴った加熱処理の時間のみを変化させた実施例4、実施例7、比較例2について述べる。実施例4、実施例7、比較例2は、いずれもチタン合金材の表面に窒素ガスを130/L分の流量で吹き付けながら900℃で加熱処理を行った。実施例4は、処理時間(加熱保持時間)を3分とし、実施例7は、処理時間(加熱保持時間)を1.5分とした。比較例2は、900℃まで昇温した直後に冷却した。各実施例4、実施例7、比較例2の供試材についてのビッカース硬さ試験による評価について、図10を参照して説明する。図10は実施例4、実施例7、比較例2の供試材の縦断面上での表面から内部方向へのビッカース硬さ分布を示す。図10に示すように、加熱処理の時間が長くなるほど、最表面の硬さが高く形成されていることが分かる。少なくとも1.5分以上加熱処理時間を保持することによって、最表面の硬さを420HV(25g)以上とすることができ、その硬化窒化層の厚さを50μm以上とすることができることが分かる。
次に、供試材としてチタン合金材を用い、窒素ガス流量130L/分を伴った加熱処理の際に、FPP処理を処理時間のみを変化させた実施例4、実施例8、実施例9について述べる。実施例4は、実施例8、実施例9は、いずれもチタン合金材の表面に窒素ガスを130/L分の流量で吹き付けながら900℃で加熱処理を行った。実施例4は、FPP処理の時間を0分とし、投射材が含有されていない窒素ガスの吹きつけを伴った加熱処理時間(加熱保持時間)を3分とした。実施例8は、投射材が含有されている窒素ガスの吹きつけを伴った加熱処理時間を3分とし投射材が含有されていない窒素ガスの吹きつけを伴った加熱処理は行わなかった。実施例9は、投射材が含有されている窒素ガスの吹きつけを伴った加熱処理時間を1分とし投射材が含有されていない窒素ガスの吹きつけを伴った加熱処理(加熱保持時間)を2分とした。加熱処理工程全体の加熱時間は、いずれも3分と共通している。
C 制御装置
1 表面窒化処理装置
2 チャンバ
3 窒素ガス又は投射材を含有した窒素ガス
5 高周波印加装置
6 真空計
7 真空ポンプ
8 排気弁
11 支持台
12 誘導加熱コイル(加熱手段)
13 排気経路
13A 大気開放弁
14 酸素濃度計
15 温度センサ
20 吐出部
21 吐出ノズル
22 ガス調整弁
23 窒素ガス供給部
24 ガス供給経路
25 投射材供給経路
26 パーツフィーダー
27 投射材調整弁
Claims (7)
- 窒素ガスを用いてチタン材の表面を窒化処理するチタン材の表面窒化処理方法において、
不活性ガス雰囲気中において、前記チタン材を800℃~1000℃に加熱しながら、当該チタン材表面に窒素ガスを10L/分以上の流量で吹き付けて、当該チタン材表面に硬化窒化層を形成することを特徴とするチタン材の表面窒化処理方法。 - 前記窒素ガスの吹き付け流量が、70L/分以上である請求項1に記載のチタン材の表面窒化処理方法。
- 前記チタン材が、純チタン又はチタン合金である請求項1又は請求項2に記載のチタン材の表面窒化処理方法。
- 前記チタン材は、高周波誘導加熱法により加熱する請求項1~請求項3のいずれかに記載のチタン材の表面窒化処理方法。
- 前記窒素ガスの吹き付けを伴う前記チタン材の加熱時間が、1分~60分である請求項1~請求項4のいずれかに記載のチタン材の表面窒化処理方法。
- 前記窒素ガスが投射材を含み、加熱されている前記チタン材の表面に当該投射材を噴射して当該チタン材を表面処理する請求項1~請求項5のいずれかに記載のチタンの表面窒化処理方法。
- 前記投射材が、チタン粒子である請求項6に記載のチタン材の表面窒化処理方法。
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