WO2016165576A1 - 工件及其在切削加工中的应用 - Google Patents

工件及其在切削加工中的应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016165576A1
WO2016165576A1 PCT/CN2016/078626 CN2016078626W WO2016165576A1 WO 2016165576 A1 WO2016165576 A1 WO 2016165576A1 CN 2016078626 W CN2016078626 W CN 2016078626W WO 2016165576 A1 WO2016165576 A1 WO 2016165576A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arm
workpiece
workpiece according
degrees
blade
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2016/078626
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨轶群
Original Assignee
上海睿锆信息科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海睿锆信息科技有限公司 filed Critical 上海睿锆信息科技有限公司
Priority to EP16779551.7A priority Critical patent/EP3284553B1/en
Priority to KR1020177032656A priority patent/KR102021009B1/ko
Priority to JP2018505513A priority patent/JP7061371B2/ja
Priority to CN201680003080.3A priority patent/CN107073589B/zh
Priority to US15/567,203 priority patent/US10442005B2/en
Publication of WO2016165576A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016165576A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/202—Plate-like cutting inserts with special form
    • B23C5/205—Plate-like cutting inserts with special form characterised by chip-breakers of special form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/06—Profile cutting tools, i.e. forming-tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
    • B23B27/145—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness characterised by having a special shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/006—Details of the milling cutter body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/12—Cutters specially designed for producing particular profiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/32—Chip breaking or chip evacuation
    • B23B2200/323—Chip breaking or chip evacuation by chip breaking depressions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/04—Overall shape
    • B23C2200/0416—Irregular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/16—Fixation of inserts or cutting bits in the tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/24—Overall form of the milling cutter

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a component for tool manufacturing, and more particularly to a workpiece to improve the manufacturing efficiency of the cutting tool.
  • a tool is a tool used in machining for machining, also known as a cutting tool. Since most of the tools are machine-used and are basically used for cutting metal materials, the term "tool” is generally understood to mean a metal cutting tool. However, the development of materials science, various materials have also been widely used in the production and processing of products, such as: engineering plastics and carbon fiber composites (CN203401118U). According to the surface of the workpiece, the tool can be divided into several types: tools for machining various outer surfaces, hole machining tools, thread machining tools, gear machining tools and cutting tools.
  • the working part of the tool has three types: integral, welded and mechanically clamped.
  • the overall structure is to make a cutting edge on the cutter body; the welded structure is to braze the blade to the steel body; the mechanical clamping structure has two kinds, one is to clamp the blade on the cutter body, and the other is to clamp the blade to the cutter body, and the other The brazed bit is clamped to the body.
  • Large diameter cemented carbide tools are typically fabricated in welded or mechanically clamped construction.
  • Blades for indexable tools common in shapes such as: triangle (see Figure 2), quadrilateral (see Figure 3), pentagon, convex triangle, circular (see Figure 4) and diamond (see figure) 5) Wait.
  • the blade is clamped to a slot or a blade holder formed by a movable connection such as a screw.
  • a movable connection such as a screw.
  • Chinese Patent No. ZL03809683.8 discloses a cutting tool including a cutter body having at least one concave portion in the cutter body.
  • the pockets, pockets are adapted to receive the cutting insert collet assembly.
  • These indexable tools can provide a sharp blade to cut the workpiece, which is difficult to meet the requirements of Margin polishing of the workpiece. It must be separately extruded using other tools.
  • FIG. 1 Chinese invention patent ZL200680033825.7 discloses a milling cutter for chip removal machining, comprising a milling cutter body having a plurality of cutting insert seats, the plurality of cutting insert holders being connected to the ends of the milling cutter body, milling
  • the knife body is formed to cooperate with the tool attachment at its axially opposite ends, the indexable cutting insert being secured into the cutting insert.
  • Each of the indexable cutting inserts has a basic shape of a truncated pyramid, the top surface of each indexable cutting insert faces the chip end of the milling cutter, and the main cutting edge of the indexable cutting insert is cut from the indexable
  • the top surface of the blade extends in a direction toward the bottom surface of the indexable cutting insert.
  • Chinese invention patent application 201210582143.9 discloses an indexable cutting insert having an upper surface and a phase The lower surface and the peripheral surface of the pair.
  • the main cutting edge of the indexable cutting insert is formed on the upper peripheral edge, and the adjacent main rake face is on the upper surface.
  • At least two major cutting edges have different blade axial rake angles at equivalent indexing points along the major cutting edge, the at least two major rake faces being different at a flat section perpendicular to the major cutting edge and including the blade axis The rake face contour angle.
  • FIG. 201310119151.4 discloses a cutting insert comprising a blade body in the form of a plate, the blade body being surrounded by an upper surface, a lower surface, a side surface and a recess, the sides and the recesses are three, three sides and three The recesses are spaced apart, and each side surface and each recess are connected between the upper surface and the lower surface, and the recess is composed of a circumferential positioning surface and a sipe disposed at two diagonal positions of the circumferential positioning surface, the sipe and the upper surface Or the lower surface intersects to form a major cutting edge, the sipe intersects the side to form a side cutting edge, and the major cutting edge is joined to the side cutting edge to form a cutting edge set.
  • the blade has the characteristics of simple and compact structure, strong versatility, convenient use and high cost performance.
  • the tools currently used in forming machines are usually produced by pre-forming the blades into the desired form and then welding them to the body.
  • Non-standard forming welding can not be done by mechanical means, so not only the working environment of the operator is not bad, but also the production process is lengthy, the quality control is very difficult, and the blunt blade needs to be back-welded and re-welded, or even the tool is discarded.
  • the indexable tool realizes the re-use and quick exchange of the blade by rotating the blade by one angle, it is necessary to stack a plurality of blades for the forming process to obtain the desired cutting edge shape, which is equivalent to the reduced number of cutting edges, resulting in cutting. The efficiency is reduced by a factor of two.
  • each side of the insert of the indexable cutter is a blade, which can only play a cutting role, and can not guide the tool and squeeze the light, which makes the forming tool of the indexable insert only Used for roughing.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a workpiece to increase the speed of production and manufacture of cutting tools, particularly forming machine cutting tools.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a workpiece which is assembled as a cutting portion to a cutting tool and which is subjected to molding processing by extrusion.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool which uses the workpiece provided above as a cutting portion to perform molding processing on an object to be processed by extrusion.
  • a workpiece provided by the present invention includes at least a first outer surface, a second outer surface, and a third outer surface, and a third The outer surface intersects the first outer surface and the second outer surface, and the intersection forms a pressing action.
  • the pressing action portion includes an extrusion processing portion that performs extrusion on the object to be processed.
  • the workpiece is supported and guided by the pressing action portion, and the surface cut by the blade portion is pressed and polished. Compared with traditional blade forming machines, the processing quality in terms of finish, straightness and roundness is significantly improved.
  • the blade portion is also included to perform the cutting process.
  • the blade portion acts on the object to be processed before the pressing action portion.
  • Another workpiece provided by the present invention has a plate shape including a first outer surface, a second outer surface and a third outer surface, and the third outer surface intersects the first outer surface and the second outer surface as one side of the workpiece. The intersection forms a pressing action.
  • At least one fitting portion that cooperates with the fixing member is further provided.
  • the fitting portion cooperates with the fixing member to fix the workpiece to another object, such as a cutter body.
  • the fixing members used in the present invention are, for example, but not limited to, screws, bolts, rivets, wedges, pins, and pressure plates.
  • the assembly part of the invention is located on the workpiece, a part of the workpiece, or a part on the workpiece, and the specific forms thereof are: holes, faces and grooves. It can be assembled with fasteners such as: but not limited to screws and internally threaded holes, rivets and holes, ⁇ fittings, pressure plates and fixing surfaces, and pressure plates and grooves.
  • the workpiece provided by the present invention is fixed or assembled to the cutter through its upper connecting hole.
  • the cutting portion is attached to the cutter body to perform the forming process, particularly by extrusion, without the need for welding, and the cutting portion can be quickly replaced.
  • the workpiece provided by the invention can be processed into a forming part after being assembled in the tool body to meet the requirements of different parts forming processing; or the workpiece can be processed into a standard part before the workpiece is assembled on the tool body to adapt to the large part.
  • the need for rapid replacement of workpieces is required in scale machining.
  • the workpiece provided by the invention is used as a forming processing part, which comprises
  • a front outer surface that includes a front machined end
  • the pressing action portion includes an extrusion processing portion.
  • the extrusion processing section provides a shape that matches the object to be processed, and satisfies the requirements of the molding process.
  • the extrusion processing portion is curved, and the arc shape matches the radius of curvature of the hole.
  • the outer surface is understood to be a generic term for the various faces exposed to the space that outline and characterize the workpiece.
  • the front outer surface is a general term for each face that is forward in accordance with the moving direction of the workpiece.
  • the rear outer surface is a general term for each face that is rearward according to the moving direction of the workpiece. It should be understood that the direction of movement of the workpiece is different and the front outer surface and the rear outer surface of the workpiece also vary.
  • the above-mentioned workpiece provided by the present invention can also be joined or cut into a plurality of shapes of derivative workpieces, such as, but not limited to, stepped, toothed, and columnar.
  • Another workpiece provided by the present invention includes a first arm, a second arm and at least one fitting portion that cooperates with the fixing member, the first plane passing through the first arm axis and the second plane passing the second arm axis
  • the angle of the dihedral angle is >0 degrees and ⁇ 180 degrees.
  • Another workpiece provided by the present invention includes a first arm, a second arm and at least one connecting hole, a dihedral angle formed by a first plane passing through the first arm axis and a second plane passing the second arm axis Angle > 0 degrees, and ⁇ 180 degrees.
  • the connecting hole is disposed on the first arm, or on the second arm, or simultaneously disposed on the first arm and the second arm.
  • Another workpiece provided by the present invention includes
  • a first arm having at least one first connecting hole thereon;
  • the angle of the dihedral angle through the first plane of the first arm axis and the second plane passing the second arm axis is >0 degrees, and ⁇ 180 degrees.
  • Another workpiece provided by the present invention includes
  • a first arm having at least one first connecting hole thereon;
  • the first arm axis intersects the second arm axis at an angle of intersection > 0 degrees and ⁇ 180 degrees.
  • Another workpiece provided by the present invention has an "L" shape and includes a first arm, a second arm, and at least one connecting hole.
  • Another workpiece provided by the present invention has an "L" shape and includes a first arm, a second arm and at least one connecting hole, and the connecting hole is disposed separately or simultaneously along the axial direction of the first arm and the axial direction of the second arm.
  • the lateral direction of the first arm includes a first pressing action portion.
  • the workpiece provided by the present invention further includes a first blade portion disposed at a front end of the first arm.
  • the front end of the second arm forms a second pressing action portion.
  • the workpiece provided by the present invention further includes a second blade portion disposed on a lateral direction of the second arm.
  • the first arm is columnar or plate-shaped.
  • the second arm is columnar or plate-shaped.
  • the workpiece provided by the present invention has a first arm axial length greater than or equal to a second arm axial length.
  • At least one first connecting hole is disposed along the axial direction of the first arm.
  • At least one second connecting hole is disposed along the axial direction of the second arm.
  • the workpiece provided by the present invention has a dihedral angle of >15 degrees and ⁇ 140 degrees through a first plane passing through the first arm axis and a second plane passing the second arm axis.
  • the workpiece provided by the present invention has a dihedral angle of 90 degrees through a first plane passing through the first arm axis and a second plane passing the second arm axis.
  • the first arm axis intersects the second arm axis, and the angle of the transaction is 90 degrees.
  • the workpiece provided by the present invention has a connecting hole for fixing and assembling the workpiece.
  • the workpieces provided by the present invention are fixed or assembled to the cutter in such a manner as, but not limited to, threads, locating pins, trusses, rivets and clamps, and for thread locking, thread sealing, flat sealing, holding and construction.
  • Bonded bonding agents such as: but not limited to photocurable adhesives, hot melt adhesives or solvent/water based adhesives in the form of epoxy resins, acrylates, polyurethanes, silicones, modified silanes or butyl rubbers A combination of gums.
  • the workpiece provided by the invention is made of materials such as: but not limited to tool steel, high speed steel, cemented carbide, cermet, ceramic, polycrystalline diamond, single crystal diamond, CBN and PCBN, etc.
  • a coating can be provided.
  • the workpiece provided by the invention is used for cutting tools in its entirety or through cutting, which realizes low-cost rapid production and manufacture of the forming machine tool, and at the same time enables the blade of the forming machine tool to be replaceable.
  • the workpiece provided by the invention is advantageous for accelerating the manufacture and maintenance of the processing tool of the molding machine. In particular, the manufacture, replacement and repair of tools that squeeze parts.
  • the workpiece provided by the present invention significantly increases the processing speed for the forming machine tool, and also significantly improves the dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and straightness and roundness of the hole.
  • the workpiece provided by the present invention allows the blade to be easily replaced as compared to a tool in which the blade is fixed by welding, so that the production cost is significantly reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of an indexable cutter
  • Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a blade for an indexable tool
  • Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a blade for an indexable tool
  • Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a blade for an indexable tool
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a blade for an indexable tool
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of an indexable tool for forming processing
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of an indexable cutter for forming processing
  • Figure 8 is a schematic enlarged view showing the arrangement of the respective blades of the indexable cutter for forming processing
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a workpiece according to the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the workpiece of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the workpiece of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of a cutting tool using the workpiece of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a workpiece for forming a processing portion of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic enlarged plan view of Figure 8 as seen from left to right;
  • Figure 15 is a schematic enlarged plan view of Figure 13 as seen from left to right;
  • Figure 16 is a top plan view showing another embodiment of the workpiece of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of an indexable cutter, which includes a cutter body 100.
  • a plurality of indexable inserts 210 are disposed on the cutter body 100 to perform cutting work on the object to be cut. After the blade tip is passivated, the other cutting edge is adjusted to the working position in contact with the object to be cut by rotating the blade 210 to continue the cutting process.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of an indexable cutter for forming processing
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of an indexable cutter for forming.
  • the curve 300 outlines the blade tip shape required for the forming process, and a single or a small number (for example, 2 pieces) of the blade cannot be obtained by angle adjustment, and a certain number of rotations are required.
  • the diamond-shaped blades 220 of the position are stacked to realize the forming process.
  • Figure 8 shows an embodiment in which a full curve edge is obtained by a plurality of indexable diamond blades 220, obtained by stacking four diamond blades 220 at different angles to obtain a first angle 310 and a second angle 320, The difference between the end and the edge is D1, and the highest point of the blade side is the distance D2 from the edge.
  • the groove can be used to machine a complete profiled surface.
  • the tool can be rotated one week to cut off a material with a depth of cut. The effect is equivalent to a blade cutter, and the processing efficiency is low.
  • Figure 14 is an enlarged schematic view of Figure 8 from left to right.
  • the blade tip 230 can only be applied to the cutting process and cannot be applied to the extrusion (Margin). )machining.
  • Figure 16 is a top plan view showing an embodiment of a workpiece of the present invention.
  • the workpiece of the present invention includes a first outer surface 500, a second outer surface 600, and a third outer surface 700, the third outer surface 700 intersecting the first outer surface 500 and the second outer surface 600 at the intersection (ie, a partial area surrounded by the first outer surface, the second outer surface, and the third outer surface) forms a pressing action portion, and the pressing action portion includes an extrusion processing portion to perform the pressing.
  • the first outer surface and the second outer surface are separately or simultaneously formed into a blade portion (not shown) to perform a cutting process.
  • the workpiece of the embodiment has a plate shape and is lapped and combined to form a plurality of shaped workpieces, such as: but not limited to, stepped, toothed, and columnar.
  • the workpiece 400 of the present invention includes a first arm 410, a second arm 420, and at least one fitting portion that mates with the fixture.
  • the fitting portion is in the form of a hole and is assembled with a fixing member such as a screw, a bolt, a rivet, a wedge, and a pin.
  • the first arm 410 is provided with at least one first connecting hole 411
  • the second arm 420 is provided with at least one second connecting hole 412.
  • the workpiece 400 has an "L" shape, and the axial length of the first arm 410 is greater than the axial direction of the second arm 420. length.
  • the first arm axis intersects the second arm axis at an angle of > 0 degrees and ⁇ 180 degrees, especially 90 degrees.
  • the first arm 410 has a columnar or plate shape and laterally includes an extrusion processed portion 412.
  • the first blade portion 413 is provided at the front end thereof according to the processing necessity, so that when the workpiece is used for machining, the first blade portion 413 first cuts the object, and then the pressing portion 412 performs the pressing.
  • the second arm 420 has a columnar or plate shape, and its front end includes an extrusion processed portion 422.
  • the second blade portion 423 is provided at the front end thereof according to the processing necessity, so that when the workpiece is used for machining, the second blade portion 423 cuts the object first, and then the pressing portion 422 performs the pressing.
  • the fitting portion that cooperates with the fixing member may also be a partial surface on the workpiece to cooperate with the pressure plate.
  • One end of the pressure plate is mechanically coupled to the body, and the other end is in contact with a local surface on the workpiece, and a force is applied to the workpiece.
  • the workpiece can be directly or partially applied as a molding processing portion to the cutting tool for forming processing.
  • the whole or part of the workpiece is assembled as a forming part to the cutting tool, and then the desired blade tip shape is processed.
  • the workpiece is first processed into a standard part and then assembled into the cutting tool to meet the requirements of the process to quickly replace the workpiece (see Figure 13).
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cutting tool using the workpiece of the present invention.
  • the lower portion is cut from the workpiece 400, fixed or assembled to the blade holder through the upper connecting hole, and processed to have the first
  • the angle 310 and the second angle 320 have a blade edge and a blade bottom drop D1, and a blade edge shape of the blade side protrusion highest and the blade bottom distance D2.
  • the workpiece of the embodiment can significantly reduce the number of insert seats (from 4 to 1), the processing time is greatly shortened, and the manufacturing efficiency is improved.
  • Significantly improved (4 times) on the other hand, if four sipe are set as in the comparative example, four pieces of the forming blade can be installed, so that the tool can cut 4 cutting depth materials in one rotation. Can achieve 4 times the efficiency of use.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic enlarged plan view of Figure 13 as seen from left to right.
  • the workpiece provided by the present invention is used as a forming portion including a pressing portion 350.
  • the pressing action portion 350 further includes an extrusion processing portion 351 which is curved and matched with the curvature of the hole to be processed, and is suitable for extrusion molding.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Dovetailed Work, And Nailing Machines And Stapling Machines For Wood (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)

Abstract

一种工件，至少包括第一外表面、第二外表面和第三外表面，第三外表面与第一外表面和第二外表面相交，所相交处形成挤压作用部，挤压作用部包括挤压加工部。本发明工件，以其整体或经裁切的一部分用于切削刀具，实现了成型机加工刀具的快速生产和制造，同时使成型机加工刀具的刀片实现了可更换。在刃部进行切削的同时，通过挤压作用部对工件形成支撑导向，对经刃部切削的表面进行挤压修光，提高加工光洁度和圆度。同时使应用本工件的成型机加工刀具与传统刀片式成型机加工刀具相比在光洁度、直线度和圆度等方面的加工质量具有显著提高。

Description

工件及其在切削加工中的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于刀具制造的零部件，尤其涉及一种工件，以提高切削工具的制造效率。
背景技术
刀具是机械制造中用于切削加工的工具，又称切削工具。由于绝大多数的刀具是机用的，基本上都用于切削金属材料，所以“刀具”一词一般就理解为金属切削刀具。但材料科学发展，各种材料也已经在产品的生产和加工中得以广泛应用，如：工程塑料和碳纤维复合材料等(CN203401118U)。刀具按工件加工表面的形式可分为：加工各种外表面的刀具、孔加工刀具、螺纹加工刀具、齿轮加工刀具和切断刀具等若干种。
刀具工作部分的结构有整体式、焊接式和机械夹固式三种。整体结构是在刀体上做出切削刃；焊接结构是把刀片钎焊到钢的刀体上；机械夹固结构又有两种，一种是把刀片夹固在刀体上，另一种是把钎焊好的刀头夹固在刀体上。大直径硬质合金刀具一般制成焊接结构或机械夹固结构。
在切削加工中，刀刃经使用而变钝，而需要经常更换刀片，重磨，甚或更换整把刀具，造成极大的加工成本。由此产生了可转位刀具(参见图1)，当一个刃尖磨钝后，将刀片转位后使用其它的刃尖，使得刀具更换刀片或重磨就能实现持续加工，不仅便于更换，还大大节省了切削加工的时间和成本。
用于可转位刀具的刀片，其形状常见的如：三角形(参见图2)、四边形(参见图3)、五边形、凸三边形、圆形(参见图4)和菱形(参见图5)等。通过螺钉等活动连接的方式将刀片夹固于刀体上开设的槽穴或刀片座内，如：中国发明专利ZL03809683.8公开了一种切削工具，包括刀体，刀体中具有至少一个凹穴，凹穴适合于容纳切削刀片夹头组件。这些可转位刀具能提供锋利的刃(Blade)对待加工物进行切削加工，难以满足对待加工物进行挤压(Margin)抛光等方面的需要，必须另行使用其它刀具以挤压方式进行成型加工。
中国发明专利ZL200680033825.7公开了一种用于排屑加工的铣刀，包括具有多个切削刀片座的铣刀刀体，多个切削刀片座与所述铣刀刀体的端部连接，铣刀刀体被形成为在其轴向上相反的端部处与刀具连接装置合作，可转位切削刀片被固定到切削刀片座中。各个所述可转位切削刀片具有截棱锥的基本形状，各个可转位切削刀片的顶面面对铣刀的排屑端，并且所述可转位切削刀片的主切削刃从可转位切削刀片的顶面沿朝着可转位切削刀片的底面方向延伸。
中国发明专利申请201210582143.9公开了一种可转位切削刀片，具有上表面、相 对的下表面以及周侧表面。可转位切削刀片主切削刃形成在上周刃上，相邻的主前刀面在上表面上。至少两个主切削刃在沿主切削刃的等同的转位点处具有不同的刀片轴向前角，至少两个主前刀面在与主切削刃垂直并包含刀片轴线的平剖面处具有不同的前刀面轮廓角。
中国发明专利申请201310119151.4公开了一种切削刀片，包括呈板状的刀片本体，刀片本体由上表面、下表面、侧面和凹进围成，侧面和凹进均为三个，三个侧面与三个凹进间隔布置，且各侧面和各凹进均连接于上表面和下表面之间，凹进由周定位面和分设于周定位面两对角位置的刀槽组成，刀槽与上表面或下表面相交形成主切削刃，刀槽与侧面相交形成侧切削刃，主切削刃与侧切削刃连接形成切削刃组。该刀片具有结构简单紧凑、通用性强、使用方便和性价比高等特点。
目前用于成型机加工的刀具，通常将刀片预加工成所需的形态后，再焊接于刀体的方式生产。非标成型烧焊无法依靠机械完成，因此不仅操作工人工作环境恶劣，而且生产加工过程冗长，质控十分困难，还需要对变钝的刀片进行退焊再焊，甚或丢弃刀具，重复利用度较低，十分浪费资源和能源。可转位刀具虽然通过将刀片旋转一个角度实现了刀片的再次利用和快速调换，但是对于成型加工需要将多件刀片进行堆叠才能获得所需的刃口形态，等于减少的切削刃数，导致切削效率成倍降低。尤其当任意一把刀片变钝，单一刀片的角度调整都难以再次形成所需的刃口形态。此外，可转位刀具的刀片的各边均为刃部，仅能起到切削作用，无法对工具起到导向支撑和挤压修光的作用，这使得可转位刀片制造的成型刀具仅能用作粗加工。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种工件，以提高切削工具，尤其是成型机加工切削工具的加工质量，尤其是圆度、表面粗糙度及直线度等方面。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种工件，以提高切削工具，尤其是成型机加工切削工具的生产和制造速度。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种工件，以降低切削工具，尤其是成型机加工切削工具的生产和制造成本。
本发明的又一个目的在于提供一种工件，以提高切削工具，尤其是成型机加工切削工具的使用效率。
本发明的又一个目的在于提供一种工件，以提高切削工具，尤其是成型机加工切削工具的重复利用率并降低使用成本。
本发明的又一个目的在于提供一种工件，作为切削部装配于切削工具，以挤压方式实现成型机加工。
本发明的又一个目的在于提供一种切削工具，以上述提供的工件作为切削部，以挤压方式对待加工物体进行成型加工。
本发明提供的一种工件，至少包括第一外表面、第二外表面和第三外表面，第三 外表面与第一外表面和第二外表面相交，所相交处形成挤压作用部。挤压作用部包括挤压加工部，以对待加工物体实施挤压。通过挤压作用部对工件形成支撑和导向，并对经刃部切削的表面进行挤压和抛光。与传统刀片式成型机加工刀具相比在光洁度、直线度和圆度等方面的加工质量具有显著提高。
为了实现待加工物体局部加工的需要，比如：但不仅限于孔加工，还包括刃部，以实施切削加工。当工件作为切削部装配于刀体，刃部先于挤压作用部作用于待加工物体。
本发明提供的另一种工件，呈板状，包括第一外表面、第二外表面和第三外表面，第三外表面作为工件的一个侧面与第一外表面和第二外表面相交，所相交处形成挤压作用部。
在本发明提供的工件上，还设有至少1个与固定件配合的装配部。装配部与固定件配合使工件固定于另一物体上，如：刀体。
本发明使用的固定件如：但不仅限于螺钉、螺栓、铆钉、楔钉、榫销和压板等。
本发明装配部位于工件，系工件的一部分，或工件上的一个局部，其具体形态如：孔、面和槽等。与固定件装配方式如：但不仅限于螺钉和内螺纹孔，铆钉和孔，榫卯装配，压板与固定面，以及压板与槽等。
本发明所提供的工件，通过其上连接孔固定或装配于刀具。比如：作为切削部装配于刀体，以实施成型加工，尤其是以挤压方式进行成型加工，而无需采用焊接的方式固定，还能实现切削部的快速更换。
将本发明所提供的工件作为成型加工部，可以在装配于刀体后进行加工以满足不同零部件成型加工的要求；或者在工件装配于刀体前，将工件加工成标准件，以适应大规模加工中要求对工件进行快速更换的需求。
以本发明所提供的工件作为成型加工部，其包括
前外表面，其包括前加工端，
挤压作用部，其包括挤压加工部。
挤压加工部提供与待加工物体相匹配的外形，满足成型加工的要求。如：对于孔成型加工，挤压加工部为弧形，该弧形与孔的曲率半径相匹配。
外表面应理解为勾勒和规范出工件形态的暴露在空间的各个面的总称。前外表面即为根据工件的运动方向处于前方的各个面的总称。后外表面即为根据工件的运动方向处于后方的各个面的总称。应当理解，工件的运动方向不同，工件上的前外表面和后外表面亦随之变化。
本发明的提供的上述工件，还可以搭接组合或裁切而成多种形状的衍生工件，如：但不仅限于阶梯状、齿状和柱状等。
本发明提供的另一种工件，包括第一臂、第二臂和至少1个与固定件配合的装配部，过第一臂轴线的第一平面和过第二臂轴线的第二平面所成的二面角的角度＞0度，且＜180度。
本发明提供的另一种工件，包括第一臂、第二臂和至少1个连接孔，过第一臂轴线的第一平面和过第二臂轴线的第二平面所成的二面角的角度＞0度，且＜180度。
本发明所提供的工件，连接孔设置于第一臂上，或设置于第二臂上，或同时设置于第一臂和第二臂上。
本发明提供的另一种工件，包括
第一臂，其上至少设有1个第一连接孔；
第二臂，其上至少设有1个第二连接孔；
过第一臂轴线的第一平面和过第二臂轴线的第二平面所成的二面角的角度＞0度，且＜180度。
本发明提供的另一种工件，包括
第一臂，其上至少设有1个第一连接孔；
第二臂，其上至少设有1个第二连接孔；
第一臂轴线与第二臂轴线相交，所成的交角＞0度，且＜180度。
本发明所提供的另一种工件，呈“L”形，包括第一臂、第二臂和至少1个连接孔。
本发明所提供的另一种工件，呈“L”形，包括第一臂、第二臂和至少1个连接孔，连接孔单独或同时沿第一臂轴向和第二臂轴向设置。
本发明所提供的工件，第一臂的侧向包括第一挤压作用部。
本发明所提供的工件，还包括第一刃部，设于第一臂的前端。
本发明所提供的工件，第二臂的前端形成第二挤压作用部。
本发明所提供的工件，还包括第二刃部，设于第二臂的侧向。
本发明所提供的工件，第一臂为柱状或板状。
本发明所提供的工件，第二臂为柱状或板状。
本发明所提供的工件，其第一臂轴向的长度大于或等于第二臂轴向的长度。
本发明所提供的工件，沿第一臂轴向设置至少1个第一连接孔。
本发明所提供的工件，沿第二臂轴向设置至少1个第二连接孔。
本发明所提供的工件，过第一臂轴线的第一平面和过第二臂轴线的第二平面所成的二面角为＞15度，且＜140度。
本发明所提供的工件，过第一臂轴线的第一平面和过第二臂轴线的第二平面所成的二面角为90度。
本发明所提供的工件，第一臂轴线与第二臂轴线相交，所成交角为90度。
本发明所提供的工件，其连接孔用于工件的固定和装配作业。
本发明所提供的工件，固定或装配于刀具的具体方式如：但不仅限于螺纹、定位销、榫卯结构、铆钉和压块等以及用于螺纹锁固、螺纹密封、平面密封、固持和结构 粘结的结合剂如：但不仅限于光固化胶、热熔胶或成分为环氧树脂类、丙烯酸酯类、聚氨酯类、硅胶类、改性硅烷类或丁基橡胶类的溶剂/水基胶类胶的组合。
本发明所提供的工件，其材质如：但不仅限于工具钢、高速钢、硬质合金、金属陶瓷、陶瓷、聚晶金刚石、单晶金刚石、CBN和PCBN等超硬材料，在这些材质上还可以设置涂层。
本发明技术方案实现的有益效果：
本发明提供的工件，以其整体或经裁切的一部分用于切削刀具，实现了成型机加工刀具的低成本快速生产和制造，同时使成型机加工刀具的刀片实现了可更换。
本发明所提供的工件，有利于加快成型机加工刀具的制造和维修。尤其是对零部件进行挤压的刀具的制造、更换和维修。
与可转位刀具相比，本发明提供的工件使得用于成型机加工刀具的加工速度显著提高，还使加工的尺寸精度、表面光洁度和孔的直线度及圆度均得到显著提高。
与刀片采用焊接固定的刀具相比，本发明提供的工件使得刀片易于更换，使得生产成本得以显著降低。
附图说明
图1为可转位刀具一实施例的结构示意图；
图2为用于可转位刀具的刀片一实施例的示意图；
图3为用于可转位刀具的刀片另一实施例的示意图；
图4为用于可转位刀具的刀片另一实施例的示意图；
图5为用于可转位刀具的刀片另一实施例的示意图；
图6为用于成型加工的可转位刀具一实施例的结构示意图；
图7为用于成型加工的可转位刀具另一实施例的结构示意图；
图8为用于成型加工的可转位刀具各个刀片排布的放大结构示意图；
图9为本发明工件一实施例的结构示意图；
图10为本发明工件另一实施例的结构示意图；
图11为本发明工件另一实施例的结构示意图；
图12为使用本发明工件的切削工具一实施例的结构示意图；
图13为本发明工件用于成型加工部一实施例的结构示意图；
图14为图8由左向右观察的放大结构示意图；
图15为图13由左向右观察的放大结构示意图；
图16为本发明工件另一实施例的俯视结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图详细描述本发明的技术方案。本发明实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。
图1为可转位刀具一实施例的结构示意图，其包括刀体100，在刀体100上设置若干可转位的刀片210，对待切削物体进行切削加工。当刃尖钝化后，通过转动刀片210，而将其它完好的刃尖调整到与待切削物体接触的工作位置，以继续进行切削加工。
当待切削物体有形状要求时，对切削刀具的刀片形态提出了更高要求。图6为用于成型加工的可转位刀具一实施例的结构示意图，图7为用于成型加工的可转位刀具另一实施例的结构示意图。如图6和图7所示，曲线300勾勒出成型加工所需的刀片刃尖形态，单一的或较少数量(如：2件)的刀片虽经角度调整均无法获得，需要将若干可转位的菱形刀片220叠放才能实现成型加工。图8给出了通过若干可转位的菱形刀片220获得一条完整曲线刀刃的实施方式，通过采用4件菱形刀片220按不同的角度叠置而获得具有第一角度310和第二角度320，刃端与刃底落差D1，刃侧凸起最高处与刃底距离D2。由图8可见，各个刀片之间存在叠置，还需要设置4个相应的刀片座以容纳菱形刀片220，给刀具的制作带来诸多困难，另一方面在使用中，由于需要用四个刀槽才能加工出完整的一个成型切面，刀具旋转一周才能切除一个切深位的材料，效果上等同于一把一枚刃刀具，加工效率低下。
图14为图8由左向右观察的放大结构示意图，对于采用多件可转位的刀片而形成的刀具，其刃尖230仅能适用于切削(Blade)加工，不能应用于挤压(Margin)加工。
图16为本发明工件一实施例的俯视结构示意图。如图16所示，本发明工件包括第一外表面500、第二外表面600和第三外表面700，第三外表面700与第一外表面500和第二外表面600相交，所相交处(即第一外表面、第二外表面和第三外表面所围成的局部区域)形成挤压作用部，挤压作用部包括挤压加工部，以实施挤压。单独或同时加工第一外表面和第二外表面形成刃部(未示出)，以实施切削加工。
本实施例的工件，呈板状，搭接组合而成多种形状的衍生工件，如：但不仅限于阶梯状、齿状和柱状等。
图9为本发明工件另一实施例的结构示意图，图10为本发明工件另一实施例的结构示意图，图11为本发明工件另一实施例的结构示意图。如图9、图10和图11所示，本发明工件400包括第一臂410、第二臂420和至少1个与固定件配合的装配部。本实施例中，装配部的形态为孔，与螺钉、螺栓、铆钉、楔钉和榫销等固定件装配。第一臂410上至少设有1个第一连接孔411，第二臂420上至少设有1个第二连接孔412。
本实施例中，工件400呈“L”形，第一臂410轴向的长度大于第二臂420轴向 的长度。第一臂轴线与第二臂轴线相交，所成交角＞0度，且＜180度，尤其是90度。
第一臂410为柱状或板状，其侧向包括挤压加工部412。根据加工的需要在其前端设置第一刃部413，使得在工件被用于加工时，第一刃部413先对物体进行切削加工，然后再由挤压加工部412实施挤压。
第二臂420为柱状或板状，其前端包括挤压加工部422。根据加工的需要在其前端设置第二刃部423，使得在工件被用于加工时，第二刃部423先对物体进行切削加工，然后再由挤压加工部422实施挤压。
与固定件配合的装配部还可为工件上一个局部的面，与压板配合。压板一端与刀体机械连接，另一端与工件上局部的面接触，并向工件施加作用力。当工件作为成型加工部对物体进行成型加工时，压板通过工件上局部的面对成型加工部进行固定并防止/抑制其发生滑动/振动。
本实施例工件整体或局部可以作为成型加工部而直接应用于切削刀具实现成型加工。或根据待成型加工物体的要求，将工件整体或局部作为成型加工部装配于切削工具后，再加工出所需的刃尖形态。或者先将工件加工成标准件后，再装配于切削工具，以满足加工中要求对工件进行快速更换的需求(参见图13)。图12为使用本发明工件的切削工具一实施例的结构示意图，如图12所示，从工件400上裁切下一部分，通过其上连接孔固定或装配于刀片座，再加工出具有第一角度310和第二角度320，刃端与刃底落差D1，刃侧凸起最高处与刃底距离D2的刃尖形态。与刀片采用焊接固定的刀具相比，无需采用焊接的方式固定，还能实现切削部的快速更换。与图6、图7和图8所示采用可转位刀片生产刀具相比，采用本实施例的工件可显著减少刀片座的数量(由4个减少为1)，加工时间大大缩短，制造效率显著提高(4倍)，另一方面在使用中，若如对比例子设置四个刀槽，则可以安装四片该种成型刀刃，导致刀具在一次旋转中可以切除4个切深位的材料，可以实现4倍的使用效率。
图15为图13由左向右观察的放大结构示意图。如图15所示，以本发明所提供的工件作为成型加工部，其包括挤压作用部350。挤压作用部350还包括挤压加工部351，呈弧形，与待加工孔的曲率相匹配，适用于挤压成型加工。

Claims (34)

  1. 一种工件，其特征在于至少包括第一外表面、第二外表面和第三外表面，所述的第三外表面与所述的第一外表面和所述的第二外表面相交，所相交处形成挤压作用部，所述的挤压作用部包括挤压加工部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的工件，其特征在于所述的挤压加工部为弧形。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的工件，其特征在于所述的工件呈板状，所述的第三外表面作为所述工件的一个侧面与所述的第一外表面和所述的第二外表面相交，所相交处形成挤压加工部。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的工件，其特征在于还包括刃部，所述的刃部先于所述的挤压加工部作用于待加工物体。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的工件，其特征在于还包括至少1个与固定件配合的装配部。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的工件，其特征在于所述的装配部与固定件装配方式为压板与固定面。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的工件，其特征在于所述的装配部与固定件装配方式为螺钉和内螺纹孔、铆钉和孔或榫卯装配。
  8. 一种工件，其特征在于由权利要求1-7所述的工件搭接组合或裁切而成。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的工件，其特征在于包括第一臂、第二臂和至少1个与固定件配合的装配部，过所述的第一臂轴线的第一平面和过所述的第二臂轴线的第二平面所成的二面角的角度＞0度，且＜180度；其中，所述的装配部可与固定件配合使所述的工件固定于另一物体上。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的工件，其特征在于所述的装配部与固定件装配方式为压板与固定面。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的工件，其特征在于所述的装配部与固定件装配方式为螺钉和内螺纹孔、铆钉和孔或榫卯装配。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的工件，其特征在于包括第一臂、第二臂和至少1个连接孔，过所述的第一臂轴线的第一平面与过所述的第二臂轴线的第二平面所成的二面角的角度＞0度，且＜180度。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的工件，其特征在于所述的连接孔设置于第一臂上。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的工件，其特征在于所述的连接孔设置于第二臂上。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的工件，其特征在于所述的连接孔同时设置于第一臂和第二臂上。
  16. 根据权利要求8所述的工件，其特征在于包括
    第一臂，其上至少设有1个第一连接孔；
    第二臂，其上至少设有1个第二连接孔；
    过所述的第一臂轴线的第一平面与过所述的第二臂轴线的第二平面所成的二面角的角度＞0度，且＜180度。
  17. 根据权利要求8所述的工件，其特征在于包括
    第一臂，其上至少设有1个第一连接孔；
    第二臂，其上至少设有1个第二连接孔；
    所述的第一臂轴线与所述的第二臂轴线相交，所成的交角＞0度，且＜180度。
  18. 根据权利要求9-17之一所述的工件，其特征在于所述的工件呈“L”形。
  19. 根据权利要求9-17之一所述的工件，其特征在于所述的第一臂为柱状或板状。
  20. 根据权利要求9-17之一所述的工件，其特征在于所述的第二臂为柱状或板状。
  21. 根据权利要求9-17之一所述的工件，其特征在于所述的第一臂的侧向形成第一挤压作用部。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的工件，其特征在于还包括第一刃部，设于所述的第一臂的前端，使得第一刃部先对物体进行切削加工，然后再由所述的第一挤压加工部实施挤压。
  23. 根据权利要求9-17之一所述的工件，其特征在于所述的第二臂的前端形成第二挤压作用部。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的工件，其特征在于还包括第二刃部，设于所述的第二臂的侧向，使得所述的第二刃部先对物体进行切削加工，然后再由所述的第二挤压加工部实施挤压。
  25. 根据权利要求9-17之一所述的工件，其特征在于所述的第一臂轴向的长度大于或等于所述的第二臂轴向的长度。
  26. 根据权利要求9-17之一所述的工件，其特征在于沿所述第一臂的轴向设置至少1个第一连接孔。
  27. 根据权利要求9-17之一所述的工件，其特征在于沿所述第二臂的轴向设置至少1个第二连接孔。
  28. 根据权利要求9-17之一所述的工件，其特征在于过所述的第一臂轴线的第一平面与过所述的第二臂轴线的第二平面所成的二面角为＞15度，且＜140度。
  29. 根据权利要求9-17之一所述的工件，其特征在于过所述的第一臂轴线的第一平面与过所述的第二臂轴线的第二平面所成的二面角为90度。
  30. 根据权利要求1-18之一所述的工件，其特征在于以其整体或经裁切的一部分用于切削刀具。
  31. 根据权利要求1-18之一所述的工件，其特征在于以其整体或经裁切的一部分用于制作成型加工的切削刀具。
  32. 根据权利要求1-18之一所述的工件，其特征在于以其整体或经裁切的一部分用于制作切削刀具的切削部。
  33. 根据权利要求1-18之一所述的工件，以其整体或经裁切的一部分用于制作切削刀具的成型加工部。
  34. 一种切削刀具，其特征在于还包括权利要求1-33之一所述的工件。
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