WO2016163120A1 - スイッチング素子、半導体装置及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
スイッチング素子、半導体装置及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016163120A1 WO2016163120A1 PCT/JP2016/001926 JP2016001926W WO2016163120A1 WO 2016163120 A1 WO2016163120 A1 WO 2016163120A1 JP 2016001926 W JP2016001926 W JP 2016001926W WO 2016163120 A1 WO2016163120 A1 WO 2016163120A1
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- electrode
- film
- variable resistance
- wiring
- resistance change
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
- H10N70/24—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on migration or redistribution of ionic species, e.g. anions, vacancies
- H10N70/245—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on migration or redistribution of ionic species, e.g. anions, vacancies the species being metal cations, e.g. programmable metallization cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B63/00—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices
- H10B63/30—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices comprising selection components having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistors
- H10B63/32—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices comprising selection components having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistors of the bipolar type
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/04—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
- H01L27/10—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a repetitive configuration
- H01L27/105—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a repetitive configuration including field-effect components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/011—Manufacture or treatment of multistable switching devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/011—Manufacture or treatment of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/061—Shaping switching materials
- H10N70/066—Shaping switching materials by filling of openings, e.g. damascene method
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/821—Device geometry
- H10N70/826—Device geometry adapted for essentially vertical current flow, e.g. sandwich or pillar type devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/841—Electrodes
- H10N70/8416—Electrodes adapted for supplying ionic species
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/881—Switching materials
- H10N70/883—Oxides or nitrides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/881—Switching materials
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- G11C13/0007—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements comprising metal oxide memory material, e.g. perovskites
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly to a switching element including a nonvolatile resistance change element (hereinafter referred to as a resistance change element) and a rectifying element inside a multilayer wiring layer, a semiconductor device, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a switching element including a nonvolatile resistance change element (hereinafter referred to as a resistance change element) and a rectifying element inside a multilayer wiring layer, a semiconductor device, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- MRAM Magnetic-Resistive Random Access Memory
- PRAM Phase Change RAM
- ReRAM Resistance Change Memory: Resistance Random Access Memory
- CBRAM There are RAM (Conductive Bridging Random Access Memory) by a conductive path by solid electrolyte ions.
- the ReRAM is turned on by forming a conductive path in the variable resistance film forming the variable resistance element by an externally applied voltage and current, or conversely, formed in the variable resistance film.
- a characteristic in which the resistance value changes depending on whether the conductive path disappears and is turned off is used.
- the ReRAM cell uses a structure having a resistance change film made of a metal oxide sandwiched between two electrodes. For example, an electric field is applied to the resistance change film, and a filament is generated inside the resistance change film, or a conductive path is formed between two electrodes to be turned on.
- the filament disappears, or the conductive path formed between the two electrodes disappears, and the state is turned off.
- switching the direction of the electric field applied to the resistance change film switching between the on state and the off state, in which the resistance values between the two electrodes are greatly different, is performed.
- Data is stored by utilizing the fact that the current flowing through the variable resistance element differs according to the difference in resistance value between the on state and the off state.
- select the voltage value, current value, and pulse width that cause the transition from the off state to the on state and the transition from the on state to the off state according to the data to be stored. Disappearance or formation or disappearance of a conductive path is performed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a variable resistance element that is highly likely to improve the degree of freedom of a “circuit” used for the configuration of a “memory cell” of ReRAM as a type of variable resistance element used for the configuration of ReRAM.
- This resistance change element uses a metal ion migration in an ionic conductor, and "reduction of metal ions by reduction of metal ions” and “generation of metal ions by oxidation of metals” by electrochemical reactions, It is a non-volatile switching element that performs switching by reversibly changing the resistance value between sandwiched electrodes.
- the nonvolatile switching element disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 includes a “solid electrolyte” made of an ionic conductor and a “first electrode” and a “second electrode” provided in contact with two surfaces of the “solid electrolyte”. Electrode “. The “first metal” constituting the “first electrode” and the “second metal” constituting the “second electrode” constituting the nonvolatile switching element oxidize the metal and generate metal ions. The standard generation Gibbs energy ⁇ G in the process is different.
- the “bias voltage” that causes the transition from the OFF state to the ON state is applied between the “first electrode” and the “second electrode”, the “first electrode” and the “solid electrolyte” at the interface
- the metal is oxidized by an electrochemical reaction induced by the applied “bias voltage” to generate a metal ion, and the metal ion is applied to the “solid electrolyte”.
- Supplyable metal is adopted.
- the “first metal” is deposited on the surface of the “second electrode”.
- the “first metal” deposited on the surface of the “second electrode” is oxidized by an electrochemical reaction induced by the applied “bias voltage” to generate metal ions.
- the metal is oxidized and the metal ions are dissolved in the “solid electrolyte” as metal ions.
- a metal is employed that does not induce the process of formation.
- the metal of the first electrode is metal at the interface between the first electrode and the solid electrolyte. It becomes ions and dissolves in the solid electrolyte.
- metal ions in the solid electrolyte are deposited as metal in the solid electrolyte.
- a metal bridge structure is formed by the metal deposited in the solid electrolyte, and finally, a metal bridge connecting the first electrode and the second electrode is formed. With this metal bridge, the switch is turned on by electrically connecting the first electrode and the second electrode.
- transition process from the on state to the off state
- the second electrode when the second electrode is grounded and a negative voltage is applied to the first electrode with respect to the switch in the on state, a metal bridge is formed.
- the metal becomes metal ions and dissolves in the solid electrolyte.
- a part of the “metal cross-linking structure” constituting the metal cross-linking is cut.
- the “metal bridge structure” constituting the conduction path becomes narrower, the resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode increases, and the interface between the first electrode and the solid electrolyte
- the dissolved metal ions are reduced and deposited as metal, so the concentration of metal ions contained in the “solid electrolyte” decreases and the relative dielectric constant changes. For example, the electrical characteristics change from the stage before the electrical connection is completely disconnected, and finally the electrical connection is disconnected.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration of a two-terminal switching element in which two electrodes are arranged via an ion conductor and controls a conduction state between the two electrodes, and a switching operation thereof. ing.
- variable resistance element (Definition of polarity of variable resistance element)
- the operational characteristics of the variable resistance element applicable to the present invention are classified into a unipolar type in which the resistance change operation is performed at the applied voltage level and a bipolar type in which the resistance change operation is performed according to the applied voltage level and the voltage polarity regardless of the above-described operation principle. can do.
- Non-Patent Document 1 utilizes metal ion migration and electrochemical reaction in a solid electrolyte layer (a solid in which ions can move freely by application of an electric field or the like).
- a switching element is disclosed.
- the switching element disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 includes a solid electrolyte layer 3 of a first electrode and a second electrode disposed in contact with each other on the surface of the solid electrolyte layer in contact with one side and the opposite side of the one side. It is composed of layers.
- the 1st electrode has played the role for supplying a metal ion to a solid electrolyte layer. Metal ions are not supplied from the second electrode.
- the metal of the first electrode becomes metal ions and dissolves in the solid electrolyte layer.
- the metal ion in a solid electrolyte layer becomes a metal and deposits in a solid electrolyte layer.
- the metal deposited in the solid electrolyte layer forms a metal bridge that connects the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the electrical connection between the first electrode and the second electrode is broken, and the switching element is turned off.
- the electrical characteristics such as the resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode increases from the stage before the electrical connection is completely cut off, or the capacitance between the first electrode and the second electrode changes. Change and eventually the electrical connection is broken.
- the first electrode is grounded again and a negative voltage is applied to the second electrode.
- Non-Patent Document 1 As a switching element using a solid electrolyte layer type resistance change element, in Non-Patent Document 1, first and second electrodes are arranged via a solid electrolyte layer, and a two-terminal type switching element that controls a conduction state therebetween. The configuration and operation of are disclosed.
- Such a switching element using a solid electrolyte layer type resistance change element is characterized in that it is smaller in size and smaller in on-resistance than a semiconductor switch such as a MOSFET. For this reason, it is considered promising for application to programmable logic devices.
- the conduction state (ON or OFF) is maintained as it is even when the applied voltage is turned OFF.
- the application as a non-volatile memory element is also considered.
- a memory cell including one selection element such as a transistor and one switching element as a basic unit a plurality of memory cells are arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions. By arranging in this way, it becomes possible to select an arbitrary memory cell from among a plurality of memory cells with the word line and the bit line. Then, the nonvolatile state capable of sensing the conduction state of the switching element of the selected memory cell and reading which information “1” or “0” is stored from the ON or OFF state of the switching element. Memory can be realized.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a first electrode, a second electrode, a variable resistor connected to both the first electrode and the second electrode, and a dielectric layer. There is disclosed a configuration in which a control electrode (third electrode) connected to the variable resistor is provided, and the dielectric layer is in contact with the side surface of the second variable resistor.
- Patent Document 2 relates to a memory circuit that holds wiring connection information and logic information.
- a first variable resistance element, a second variable resistance element, and a first switching element are connected to a first power source. It has been proposed to connect in series with a second power source.
- variable resistance element When programming by forming a two-terminal variable resistance element as described above on a semiconductor device, particularly when applied to a switch that switches the transmission destination of a signal line in a nonvolatile manner, the resistance change is performed in order to program the variable resistance element.
- One selection transistor access transistor
- the area of the switching element is effectively increased depending on the area of the transistor.
- the present invention was newly created to solve the above-described problems, and its main purpose is to prevent erroneous writing and malfunction, and to achieve a high reliability and high density switching element, semiconductor device, and It is in providing the manufacturing method.
- a switching element includes at least a first variable resistance element, a second variable resistance element, a first rectifying element, and a second rectifying element, wherein the first rectifying element and the second rectifying element are two-terminal elements.
- one end of the first variable resistance element and the second variable resistance element is connected to one end of the first rectifying element and the second rectifying element, and the rectifying element has two terminals.
- a semiconductor device having a bipolar variable resistance element in a copper multilayer wiring layer on a semiconductor substrate, wherein a plurality of first electrodes formed in the copper multilayer wiring layer are provided.
- a copper wiring also serving as an insulating barrier film formed on the copper wiring also serving as the plurality of first electrodes; an opening formed in the insulating barrier film and communicating with the copper wiring serving also as the first electrode;
- a resistance change film formed on a plane including the opening, a second electrode formed on the resistance change film, a rectifier element formed on the second electrode, and a second electrode formed on the rectifier element.
- a semiconductor device including three electrodes is provided.
- a step of forming a film, a step of forming an opening in the insulating barrier film that leads to the copper wiring also serving as the first electrode, a step of forming a resistance change film on a surface including the opening, and the resistance A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is provided, which includes a step of forming a second electrode on the change film and a step of forming a rectifying element above the second electrode.
- variable resistance element According to the present invention, erroneous writing and malfunctioning of the variable resistance element can be prevented, and high density can be achieved.
- FIG. 1A An example of the current-voltage characteristic (FIG. 1A) of the bipolar variable resistance element in the switching element according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the current-voltage characteristic of the bipolar rectifier element (FIG. 1B). It is the figure which showed an example. It is the circuit diagram which showed the structural example of the switching element which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the electrode structure of the switching element shown by FIG. It is the figure which showed partially the example which applied the switching element by this invention to the crossbar switch array. It is the figure which showed the structural example of the switching element which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the modification of the switching element structure of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing a modification of the structure of the semiconductor device (switching element) according to the first embodiment of FIG. 7. It is the fragmentary sectional view which showed typically the structure of the semiconductor device (switching element) which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the modification of the structure of the semiconductor device (switching element) by Example 2 of FIG.
- FIGS. 8A to 8C are cross-sectional views for explaining a process of a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to the embodiment of FIG.
- FIGS. 11A to 11C are cross-sectional views for explaining the steps of the manufacturing method following FIGS.
- FIGS. FIGS. 12A to 12C are cross-sectional views for explaining the steps of the manufacturing method following FIGS. 12A to 12C.
- FIGS. 13A to 13C are cross-sectional views for explaining the steps of the manufacturing method subsequent to FIGS. 13A to 13C.
- 14A to 14C are views for explaining the structure of a semiconductor device (switching element) obtained as a result of the manufacturing method steps shown in FIGS. 14A to 14C, and a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. is there.
- the switching element 100 includes a first resistance change element 101, a second resistance change element 102, and one end connected to one end side of the first resistance change element 101.
- One rectifying element 103 and a second rectifying element 104 having one end connected to one end side of the second variable resistance element 102 are provided.
- a connection point between the first resistance change element 101 and the first rectification element 103 and a connection point between the second resistance change element 102 and the second rectification element 104 are connected.
- a first terminal 111 is connected to the other end side of the first resistance change element 101, and a second terminal 112 is connected to the other end side of the second resistance change element 102.
- a third terminal (control terminal) 113 is connected to the other end side of the first rectifying element 103, and a fourth terminal (control terminal) 114 is connected to the other end side of the second rectifying element 104.
- the switching element 100 can change the resistance state of the first resistance change element 101 by applying a voltage between the first terminal 111 and the third terminal 113. Further, by applying a voltage between the second terminal 112 and the fourth terminal 114, the resistance state of the second resistance change element 102 can be changed.
- the third terminal 113 and the fourth terminal 114 are connected to each other by the first rectifying element 103 or the second rectifying element 104.
- the first variable resistance element 101 and the second variable resistance element 102 are insulated and separated. Therefore, the third terminal 113 and the fourth terminal 114 are separated from the logic signal / read signal that propagates between the first terminal 111 and the second terminal 112.
- the signal is transmitted via the two resistance change elements, and the resistance change element is programmed via the rectifier element.
- the first terminal 111 may be referred to as an input terminal and the second terminal 112 may be referred to as an output terminal. The reason will become clear as the description proceeds.
- the resistance state of the variable resistance element is changed by applying a voltage via the first rectifying element 103 and the second rectifying element 104, thereby connecting the control signal line for programming and after programming.
- the signal lines (or readout lines) can be made independent. For this reason, erroneous writing and malfunctioning of the variable resistance element can be prevented.
- FIG. 1A shows an example of the current I-voltage V characteristic of the bipolar variable resistance element
- FIG. 1B shows an example of the current I-voltage V characteristic of the bipolar rectifier element.
- the leakage current gradually increases (arrow A in FIG. 1A), and when the threshold voltage V1 is exceeded, the resistance state changes from the high resistance state (off state). , Transition to the low resistance state (ON state) (arrow B in FIG. 1A).
- the resistance change element maintains the low resistance state even when the voltage is returned to 0 V (arrow C in FIG. 1A).
- the resistance change element transitions from a low resistance state (on state) to a high resistance state (off state) when a predetermined peak current is reached (see FIG. 1 (a) D).
- the resistance change element is a bipolar resistance change element, so that the resistance state does not change (E in FIG. 1A).
- the rectifying element when a positive voltage is applied to the first electrode, the leakage current gradually increases, and when the threshold voltage V2 is exceeded, the resistance state transitions from the high resistance state (off state) to the low resistance state (on state) ( Arrow F in FIG. 1 (b). Since the resistance state of the rectifying element is volatile when the voltage is returned to 0 V, the current value decreases when the voltage becomes lower than the threshold voltage V2 (arrow G in FIG. 1B). . On the other hand, when a voltage is applied in the reverse direction, the rectifier gradually increases in leakage current as the negative voltage increases, as in the case of positive voltage application, and the resistance state becomes high resistance when the threshold voltage ⁇ V2 is exceeded.
- the voltage applied between the first terminal 111 and the third terminal 113 is voltage-distributed between the first variable resistance element 101 and the rectifying element 103.
- the leakage current level in the off state is preferably lower for the rectifying element than for the resistance change element.
- the relationship between the threshold voltage V2 of the rectifying element 103 and the threshold voltages V1 of the first resistance change element 101 and the second resistance change element 102 is preferably V2 ⁇ V1.
- the operating polarities of the first variable resistance element, the second variable resistance element, and the rectifying element are preferably the same. That is, when a bipolar variable resistance element is used, a bipolar rectifier (bidirectional rectifier) is preferably used. When a unipolar variable resistance element is used, a unipolar rectifier (one It is preferable to use a direction rectifying element. This is because, in the case of a bipolar variable resistance element, switching is performed in the magnitude and direction of current flow, and accordingly, the rectifying element needs to have the same polarity characteristics.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an electrode configuration of the switching element 100 shown in FIG.
- the first resistance change element 101 includes a first electrode 101a on the other end side, a first resistance change film 101b, and a second electrode 101c on one end side.
- the second resistance change element 102 includes a first electrode 102a on the other end side, a second resistance change film 102b, and a second electrode 102c on one end side.
- the rectifying element 103 includes a first electrode 103a on one end side, a rectifying film 103b, and a second electrode 103c on the other end side.
- the rectifying element 104 includes a first electrode 104a on one end side, a rectifying film 104b, and a second electrode 104c on the other end side.
- the first electrodes 101a and 102a of the resistance change element may include an active electrode that supplies metal ions.
- the first variable resistance film 101b and the second variable resistance film 102b of the variable resistance element may include a solid electrolyte layer that conducts ionized metal.
- the second electrodes 101c and 102c of the resistance change element may include an inert electrode that does not react with the metal ions.
- a Pool-Frenkel type insulating film As the rectifying films 103b and 104b of the rectifying element, a Pool-Frenkel type insulating film, a Schottky type insulating film, a threshold switching type volatile resistance change film, or the like can be used.
- the first variable resistance element 101 and the second variable resistance element 102 are insulated and separated by the third terminal 113 and the first rectifying element 103. Since the third terminal 113 is a programming terminal for programming the first resistance change element 101 and the second resistance change element 102, regardless of the resistance states of the first resistance change element 101 and the second resistance change element 102, When a voltage equal to or lower than the threshold voltage V2 is applied to the first rectifying element 103, the insulation separation between the first resistance change element 101 and the second resistance change element 102 is maintained. That is, no malfunction occurs in signal transmission between the first terminal 111 and the second terminal 112.
- the disturb failure is a failure that shifts from the off state to the on state due to a malfunction
- the first resistance change element 101 and the second resistance change element 102 are in the high resistance state.
- a positive voltage equal to or lower than the threshold voltage V1 (set voltage) is applied to the input terminal (first terminal) 111, and the output terminal (second terminal) 112 is grounded.
- V1 set voltage
- a voltage is applied to both ends of the resistance change element, while the first resistance change element 101 is applied in a direction in which it transitions from the off state to the on state, whereas the second resistance change element 102 is in the on state.
- a voltage is applied in the direction of transition from the off state to the off state. That is, since the voltage application direction of the first resistance change element 101 is a direction in which the voltage application state is shifted to the on state, there is a possibility that the first resistance change element 101 malfunctions and transitions to the on state when a voltage equal to or lower than the threshold voltage V1 is applied. Since the resistance change element 102 is in the voltage application direction in which it transits to the off state, no malfunction occurs.
- the second resistance change element 102 transitions from the off state to the on state. While the voltage is applied in the direction, the first resistance change element 101 is applied in the direction of transition from the on state to the off state. That is, since the second resistance change element 102 is a direction in which the voltage application direction is changed to the on state, there is a possibility that the second resistance change element 102 malfunctions and changes to the on state when a voltage equal to or lower than the threshold voltage V1 is applied. Since the resistance change element 101 is in the voltage application direction in which it transitions to the off state, no malfunction occurs.
- V1 set voltage
- variable resistance element 3 includes at least two bipolar variable resistance elements, two electrodes having the same polarity (101c, 102c) of the variable resistance elements and two rectifier elements connected to each other and not connected ( 111, 112) can be referred to as a complementary resistance change element with a rectifying element.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the crossbar switch array in the present invention.
- a crossbar in which at least two switching elements are arranged in an array, and at least one of the first wiring, the second wiring, the third wiring, and the fourth wiring is shared by a plurality of switching elements. It is a switch array.
- the switching element has a first wiring connected to the other end of the first resistance change element and a second wiring connected to the other end of the second resistance change element.
- One wiring and the second wiring extend in a direction orthogonal to each other.
- the crossbar switch array also includes a third wiring connected to the other end of the first rectifying element, and a fourth wiring connected to the other end of the second rectifying element, the third wiring and the fourth wiring, Extends in the orthogonal direction.
- the first wiring and the third wiring extend in parallel, and the second wiring and the fourth wiring extend in parallel.
- the first variable resistance element can be programmed through the second rectifier element, and the second variable resistance element can be programmed through the first rectifier element. become.
- the resistance of the first variable resistance element by applying a voltage between the other end (first wiring) of the first variable resistance element and the other end (third wiring) of the first rectifying element, the resistance of the first variable resistance element The state can be changed.
- the resistance state of the second resistance change element can be changed by applying a voltage between the other end (second wiring) of the second resistance change element and the other end (fourth wiring) of the second rectification element. it can.
- the other end of the first rectifier element ( The third wiring) and the other end (fourth wiring) of the second rectifying element are insulated and separated from the first resistance change element and the second resistance change element. Therefore, the other end of the first rectifying element and the other end of the second rectifying element propagate between the other end of the first resistance change element (first wiring) and the other end of the second resistance change element (second wiring). Is separated from the signal to be Thus, the signal is transmitted through the two resistance change elements, and the first resistance change element and the second resistance change element are programmed through the second rectification element and the first rectification element, respectively.
- the resistance state of the first and second resistance change elements is changed by voltage application via the first rectification element and the second rectification element, thereby connecting to the signal line for programming and after programming.
- the signal lines can be made independent, and the first wiring (vertical line) and the second wiring (horizontal line) can be connected.
- this switching element includes a solid electrolyte 402 for forming first and second variable resistance elements on two unconnected first electrodes (first active electrode 401a and second active electrode 401b).
- a first and second rectifying elements 404 are provided on the solid electrolyte 402 via an inert electrode 403, and a control electrode 405 is provided on each rectifying element. Signals are input and output from the first active electrode 401a and the second active electrode 401b.
- a voltage is applied to the control electrode 405 to connect the metal bridges 406a and 406b from the first active electrode 401a and the second active electrode 401b, respectively, to the solid electrolyte 402.
- the first active electrode 401a, the inactive electrode 403, and the second active electrode 401b are electrically connected.
- FIG. 6 is a modification of the example of FIG. 5 except that the intermediate electrode 407 is formed between the inactive electrode 403 and the first and second rectifying elements 404, respectively. The same.
- Example 1 A switching element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a semiconductor device (switching element) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a modification of the switching element structure according to the embodiment of FIG.
- a switching element according to an embodiment of the present invention is an apparatus having a resistance change element 22 inside a multilayer wiring layer on a semiconductor substrate (not shown).
- the variable resistance film 9 of the variable resistance element 22 corresponds to the solid electrolyte 402 in the switching element according to the third embodiment described in FIG. 5, and the second electrode 10 corresponds to the inert electrode 403 in FIG.
- the first wiring 5a and the first wiring 5b correspond to the first active electrode 401a and the second active electrode 401b in the switching element according to the third embodiment described in FIG.
- FIG. 7 and 8 show the structure of the switching element corresponding to the circuit configuration in which two resistance change elements are connected to the two rectification elements 11, but the rectification elements according to the number of connected resistance change elements. You can also increase the number of
- the multilayer wiring layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate (not shown) in order from the semiconductor substrate side, the interlayer insulating film 2, the insulating barrier film 7, the protective insulating film 14, the interlayer insulating film 15,
- the insulating laminated body is formed by laminating the interlayer insulating film 17, the hard mask film 16, and the barrier insulating film 21 in this order.
- the first wirings 5a and 5b are embedded in the wiring grooves formed in the interlayer insulating film 2 and the insulating barrier film 7 through the barrier metals 6a and 6b.
- the second wiring 18 is embedded in a wiring groove formed in the interlayer insulating film 17 and the hard mask film 16.
- plugs 19 are embedded in the pilot holes formed in the interlayer insulating film 15 and the protective insulating film 14 as will be apparent from FIG.
- the second wiring 18 and the plug 19 are integrated (not shown), and the side surfaces or bottom surfaces of the second wiring 18 and the plug 19 are covered with the barrier metal 20.
- the multilayer wiring layer has a resistance formed on the opening of the insulating barrier film 7 on the first wiring 5a, 5b serving as the lower electrode, the wall surface of the opening of the insulating barrier film 7, or the insulating barrier film 7.
- a complementary resistance change element 22 with a rectifying element is formed by laminating the change film 9, the second electrode 10, the rectifying element 11, and the control electrode (third electrode) 12 in this order.
- a protective insulating film 14 is formed on the control electrode (third electrode) 12, and the side surface of the laminate including the resistance change film 9, the second electrode 10, the rectifying element 11, and the control electrode (third electrode) 12 is protected. It is covered with an insulating film 14.
- the first wirings 5a and 5b serve as lower electrodes of the resistance change element 22, so that the number of processes can be simplified and the electrode resistance can be reduced. Can be lowered.
- As an additional step to the normal Cu damascene wiring process it is possible to mount a resistance change element simply by creating at least two mask sets, and to achieve low resistance and low cost of the element at the same time. become.
- the second wiring 18 and the plug 19 are each connected via the barrier metal 20, and therefore, a portion corresponding to the control electrode is indicated by 12.
- the complementary variable resistance element 22 with a rectifying element is a variable resistance nonvolatile element.
- the complementary variable resistance element 22 can be a switching element using metal ion migration and electrochemical reaction in an ion conductor.
- the rectifying element 11 is interposed between the first wirings 5 a and 5 b serving as lower electrodes and the second electrode 10 and the control electrode (third electrode) 12 electrically connected to the plug 19. It has become the composition.
- the resistance change film 9 and the first wirings 5 a and 5 b are in direct contact with each other in the region of the opening formed in the insulating barrier film 7, and the plug 19 and the control electrode are formed on the second electrode 10.
- the (third electrode) 12 is electrically connected through the barrier metal 20.
- the resistance change element 22 performs on / off control by applying a voltage or passing a current.
- the resistance change element 22 is turned on by using electric field diffusion of metal related to the first wirings 5a and 5b into the resistance change film 9. Control off / off.
- a semiconductor substrate (not shown) is a substrate on which a semiconductor element is formed.
- the semiconductor substrate for example, a silicon substrate, a single crystal substrate, an SOI (Silicon on Insulator) substrate, a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) substrate, a liquid crystal manufacturing substrate, or the like can be used.
- the interlayer insulating film 2 is an insulating film formed on the semiconductor substrate.
- a silicon oxide film, a low dielectric constant film (for example, a SiOCH film) having a relative dielectric constant lower than that of the silicon oxide film, or the like can be used.
- the interlayer insulating film 2 may be a laminate of a plurality of insulating films.
- the insulating barrier film 7 is an insulating film formed on the interlayer insulating film 2.
- a silicon oxide film, a low dielectric constant film (for example, a SiOCH film) having a relative dielectric constant lower than that of the silicon oxide film, or the like can be used.
- the insulating barrier film 7 may be a laminate of a plurality of insulating films.
- a wiring groove for embedding the first wiring is formed, and the first wiring 5a and 5b are embedded in the wiring groove via barrier metals 6a and 6b, respectively.
- the first wirings 5a and 5b are wirings embedded in the wiring grooves formed in the interlayer insulating film 2 and the insulating barrier film 7 through the barrier metals 6a and 6b.
- the first wires 5 a and 5 b also serve as the lower electrode of the resistance change element 22 and are in direct contact with the resistance change film 9.
- An electrode layer or the like may be inserted between the first wirings 5a and 5b and the resistance change film 9. When the electrode layer is formed, the electrode layer and the resistance change film 9 are deposited in a continuous process and processed in the continuous process. Further, the lower portion of the resistance change film 9 is not connected to the lower layer wiring via the contact plug.
- first wirings 5a and 5b a metal capable of diffusing and ionic conduction in the resistance change film 9 is used, and for example, Cu or the like can be used.
- the first wirings 5a and 5b may be alloyed with Al or Mn.
- the barrier metals 6a and 6b are conductive films having a barrier property that cover the side surface or bottom surface of the wiring in order to prevent the metal related to the first wiring 5a and 5b from diffusing into the interlayer insulating film 2 or the lower layer. is there.
- the barrier metals 6a and 6b have a high melting point such as tantalum Ta, tantalum nitride TaN, titanium nitride TiN, and tungsten carbonitride WCN.
- a metal, a nitride thereof, or a stacked film thereof can be used.
- the insulating barrier film 7 is formed on the interlayer insulating film 2 including the first wirings 5a and 5b, prevents oxidation of the metal (for example, Cu) related to the first wirings 5a and 5b, and enters the interlayer insulating film 15.
- the first wiring 5a, 5b is prevented from diffusing metal, and serves as an etching stop layer when the control electrode (third electrode) 12, the rectifying element 11, the second electrode 10, and the resistance change film 9 are processed.
- the insulating barrier film 7 for example, a SiC film, a SiCN film, a SiN film, and a laminated structure thereof can be used.
- the insulating barrier film 7 is preferably made of the same material as the protective insulating film 14 and the hard mask film 16.
- the insulating barrier film 7 has an opening on the first wirings 5a and 5b.
- the first wirings 5 a and 5 b are in contact with the resistance change film 9.
- the opening of the insulating barrier film 7 is formed in the region of the first wirings 5a and 5b.
- the wall surface of the opening of the insulating barrier film 7 is a tapered surface that becomes wider as the distance from the first wirings 5a and 5b increases.
- the tapered surface of the opening of the insulating barrier film 7 is set to 85 ° or less with respect to the upper surfaces of the first wirings 5a and 5b.
- the resistance change film 9 is a film whose resistance changes.
- the resistance change film 9 can be made of a material whose resistance is changed by the action (diffusion, ion conduction, etc.) of the metal related to the first wirings 5a and 5b (lower electrode).
- the resistance change film 9 is an ion conductive film when the resistance change is performed by deposition of metal ions.
- the resistance change film 9 is an oxide insulating film containing Ta, such as Ta 2 O 5 , TaSiO or the like. Can be used.
- the resistance change film 9 can have a laminated structure in which Ta 2 O 5 and TaSiO are laminated in this order from the bottom.
- the resistance change film 9 when used as a solid electrolyte, it is cross-linked by metal ions (for example, copper ions) formed inside the ion conductive layer when the resistance is low (on). Is separated by the Ta 2 O 5 layer, so that metal ions can be easily recovered at the time of off, and the switching characteristics can be improved.
- the resistance change film 9 is formed on the first wirings 5 a and 5 b and the tapered surface of the opening of the insulating barrier film 7 or on the insulating barrier film 7.
- the outer peripheral portion of the connection portion between the first wirings 5 a and 5 b and the resistance change film 9 is disposed along at least the tapered surface of the opening of the insulating barrier film 7.
- the lower electrode that is in direct contact with the resistance change film 9 is less likely to be ionized than the metal associated with the first wirings 5 a and 5 b, and is less likely to diffuse and ion-conduct in the resistance change film 9.
- Pt or Ru can be used as such an electrode.
- Such an electrode may also be made of RuTa, RuTi, or the like mainly composed of a metal material such as Pt or Ru, and Ta or the like may be formed at the interface between the second electrode 10 and the rectifying element for work function control. Ti or the like may be inserted.
- the second electrode 10 is in direct contact with the resistance change film 9 on one side, and is in direct contact with the rectifying element 11 on the other side.
- the second electrode 10 may have a laminated structure.
- the second electrode 10 may have a stacked structure of a lower layer electrode that is in direct contact with the resistance change film 9 and an upper layer electrode that is in direct contact with the rectifying element 11.
- Ru, RuTa, RuTi, or a nitride thereof can be used as the lower layer side electrode
- Ta, Ti, or a nitride thereof can be used as the upper layer side electrode. This can prevent Ru from being exposed to the oxygen atmosphere from the upper surface when the rectifying element is an oxide.
- the upper layer electrode that is in direct contact with the rectifying element 11 takes into account the work function of the rectifying element 11 and the second electrode 10, for example, Ta, TaN, Ti, TiN, etc. It may be used.
- the rectifying element 11 includes a rectifying film.
- a rectifying film a pool-Frenkel type insulating film, a Schottky type insulating film, a threshold switching type volatile resistance change film, and the like. Can be used.
- the rectifying film include titanium oxide (TiO x ), tantalum oxide (TaO x ), tungsten oxide (WO x ), molybdenum oxide (MoO x ), hafnium oxide (HfO x ), aluminum oxide (AlO x ), and zircon oxide.
- ZrO x yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ), manganese oxide (MnO x ), niobium oxide (NbO x ), silicon nitrogen film (SiN), silicon nitrogen carbide film (SiCN), silicon oxide film (SiO x )
- a film containing either silicon or germanium can be used.
- these laminated films can be used.
- TaO sometimes uses Ta as an electrode, which is advantageous compared to the case where other materials are used for film formation and processing.
- SiN is also a material generally used for semiconductor devices, and has an advantage that it can be easily grown and processed by dry etching.
- control electrode (third electrode) 12 for example, Ta, Ti, W, Al, or a nitride thereof can be used.
- the control electrode (third electrode) 12 is preferably made of the same material as the barrier metal 20.
- the control electrode (third electrode) 12 is electrically connected to the plug 19 via the barrier metal 20.
- the protective insulating film 14 and the insulating barrier film 7 are preferably made of the same material. That is, by surrounding all of the resistance change element 22 with the same material, the material interface is integrated, so that entry of moisture and the like from the outside can be prevented and detachment from the resistance change element 22 itself can be prevented. Become.
- the protective insulating film 14 is an insulating film having a function of preventing oxygen from detaching from the resistance change film 9 without damaging the resistance change element 22.
- a SiN film, a SiCN film, or the like can be used for the protective insulating film 14.
- the protective insulating film 14 is preferably made of the same material as the insulating barrier film 7. When they are made of the same material, the protective insulating film 14, the insulating barrier film 7 and the hard mask film 16 are integrated by making the interface between them continuous, improving the adhesion of the interface and changing the resistance. The protection of the element 22 can be improved.
- the interlayer insulating film 15 is an insulating film formed on the protective insulating film 14.
- a silicon oxide film (SiO x ), a SiOC film, a low dielectric constant film (for example, a SiOCH film) having a relative dielectric constant lower than that of the silicon oxide film can be used.
- the interlayer insulating film 15 may be a laminate of a plurality of insulating films.
- the interlayer insulating film 15 may be made of the same material as the interlayer insulating film 17 formed thereon.
- a pilot hole for embedding the plug 19 is formed in the interlayer insulating film 15, and the plug 19 is embedded through the barrier metal 20 in the pilot hole.
- the interlayer insulating film 17 for example, a silicon oxide film, a SiOC film, a low dielectric constant film (for example, a SiOCH film) having a relative dielectric constant lower than that of the silicon oxide film can be used.
- the interlayer insulating film 17 may be a laminate of a plurality of insulating films.
- the interlayer insulating film 17 may be made of the same material as the interlayer insulating film 15.
- a wiring groove for embedding the second wiring 18 is formed in the interlayer insulating film 17, and the second wiring 18 is embedded in the wiring groove via the barrier metal 20.
- the second wiring 18 is a wiring buried in a wiring groove formed in the interlayer insulating film 17 through a barrier metal 20.
- the second wiring 18 is integrated with the plug 19.
- the plug 19 is embedded in a prepared hole formed in the interlayer insulating film 15, the protective insulating film 14, and the hard mask film 16 via a barrier metal 20.
- the plug 19 is electrically connected to the second electrode 10 via the rectifying element 11.
- Cu may be used for the second wiring 18 and the plug 19.
- the barrier metal 20 covers the side surfaces or bottom surfaces of the second wiring 18 and the plug 19 in order to prevent the metal related to the second wiring 18 (including the plug 19) from diffusing into the interlayer insulating films 15 and 17 and the lower layer. It is a conductive film having a barrier property.
- the barrier metal 20 is a refractory metal such as tantalum Ta, tantalum nitride TaN, titanium nitride TiN, or tungsten carbonitride WCN. Or a nitride thereof, or a laminated film thereof.
- the barrier metal 20 is preferably made of the same material as the control electrode (third electrode) 12.
- the barrier metal 20 has a stacked structure of TaN (lower layer) / Ta (upper layer), it is preferable to use TaN as the lower layer material for the control electrode (third electrode) 12.
- TaN the lower layer material for the control electrode (third electrode) 12.
- the barrier metal 20 is Ti (lower layer) / Ru (upper layer), it is preferable to use Ti as the lower layer material for the second electrode 10.
- the barrier insulating film 21 is formed on the interlayer insulating film 17 including the second wiring 18 to prevent oxidation of the metal (for example, Cu) related to the second wiring 18 and to the upper layer of the metal related to the second wiring 18. It is an insulating film having a role of preventing diffusion.
- a SiC film, a SiCN film, a SiN film, and a laminated structure thereof can be used.
- FIG. 8 shows a modification of FIG. 7 and is the same as the example of FIG. 7 except that the control electrode 12 is formed in the region between the rectifying element 11 and the barrier metal 20.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the switching element according to the second embodiment.
- This switching element has a configuration in which a resistance change element and a rectifying element are formed and arranged in different wiring layers and then connected via a copper wiring.
- the resistance change film 9 and the upper electrode on the first wiring 5a and the other first wiring 5b serving as the lower electrode are formed on the opening formed in the insulating barrier film 7.
- a complementary resistance change element 22 made of the second electrode 10 is formed.
- the upper electrode 10 is connected to intermediate copper wirings 31a and 31b through a plug 19 made of copper.
- a plug 19 is embedded through a barrier metal 20 in a prepared hole formed in the interlayer insulating film 15 and the protective insulating film 14.
- the pilot hole formed in the protective insulating film 14 is disposed between the two openings of the insulating barrier film 7 in plan view.
- the second electrode 10 is electrically connected through the barrier metal 20.
- the lower electrode 32, the rectifying film 33, and the control are formed on one plug (second wiring) 19 serving as an intermediate electrode in two openings formed in the barrier insulating film 21.
- the rectifying element 30 is formed by laminating the electrodes (third electrode) 34 in this order.
- FIG. 10 shows a modification of the variable resistance element shown in FIG. 7 differs from the device having the variable resistance element 22 in the multilayer wiring layer on the semiconductor substrate in FIG. 7 in that the insulating barrier film 7 has two openings.
- a complementary resistance change element 22 is formed in which a resistance change film 9, a second electrode 10, and another electrode 10 ′ made of a material different from that of the second electrode 10 are stacked in this order.
- a second wiring 18 is embedded in a prepared hole formed in the interlayer insulating film 15. On the second electrode 10 ′, the second wiring 18 and the second electrode 10 ′ are electrically connected via the barrier metal 20.
- the second electrode 10 ′ is connected to the intermediate copper wirings 31 a and 31 b through the second wiring 18.
- one second wiring 18 serving as an intermediate electrode, the lower electrode 32, the rectifying film 33, and The rectifying element 30 is formed by laminating the control electrode (third electrode) 34 in this order.
- the manufacturing method of the third embodiment is an example for forming the semiconductor device according to the present invention. 11 (A) to 11 (C), FIG. 12 (A) to FIG. 12 (C), FIG. 13 (A) to FIG. 13 (C), and FIG. 14 (A) to FIG. It is process sectional drawing which showed typically the Example of the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device by invention.
- an interlayer insulating film 2 (for example, a silicon oxide film, a film thickness of 500 nm) is deposited on a semiconductor substrate (for example, a substrate on which a semiconductor element is formed). Thereafter, a wiring trench is formed in the interlayer insulating film 2 by using a lithography method (including photoresist formation, dry etching, and photoresist removal). Thereafter, first wirings 5a and 5b (for example, copper metal) are provided in the wiring trench via barrier metals 6a and 6b (for example, TaN / Ta laminated film, film thickness 5 nm / 5 nm) (hereinafter collectively referred to as barrier metal 6). (Hereinafter collectively referred to as the first wiring 5).
- barrier metal 6 for example, TaN / Ta laminated film, film thickness 5 nm / 5 nm
- the interlayer insulating film 2 can be formed by a plasma CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method.
- the plasma CVD method refers to, for example, a gas source or a liquid source that is continuously supplied to a reaction chamber under reduced pressure, and molecules are excited by plasma energy to cause a gas phase reaction or a substrate. This is a technique for forming a continuous film on a substrate by surface reaction or the like.
- the first wiring 5 is formed by forming a barrier metal 6 (for example, a TaN / Ta laminated film) by PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) method, forming Cu seed by PVD method, and then copper by electrolytic plating method. It can be formed by embedding in the wiring groove, heat-treating at a temperature of 200 ° C. or higher, and then removing excess copper other than in the wiring groove by a CMP (Chemical-Mechanical-Polishing) method. As a method for forming such a series of copper wirings, a general method in this technical field can be used.
- the CMP method is a method of flattening by polishing the unevenness of the wafer surface that occurs during the multilayer wiring formation process by bringing the polishing liquid into contact with a rotating polishing pad while flowing the polishing liquid over the wafer surface.
- a buried wiring (damascene wiring) is formed, or planarization is performed by polishing the interlayer insulating film (FIG. 11A).
- an insulating barrier film 7 (for example, a SiCN film, a film thickness of 30 nm) is formed on the interlayer insulating film 2 including the first wiring 5 (FIG. 11B).
- the insulating barrier film 7 can be formed by a plasma CVD method.
- the thickness of the insulating barrier film 7 is preferably about 10 nm to 50 nm.
- a first hard mask film 8 (for example, a silicon oxide film) is formed on the insulating barrier film 7 (FIG. 11C).
- the first hard mask film 8 is preferably made of a material different from the insulating barrier film 7 from the viewpoint of maintaining a high etching selectivity in the dry etching process. Also good.
- a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, TiN, Ti, Ta, TaN, or the like can be used, and a SiN / SiO 2 laminate can be used.
- the opening is patterned on the first hard mask film 8 using a photoresist (not shown).
- An opening pattern is formed in the first hard mask film 8 by dry etching using the photoresist as a mask, and then the photoresist is peeled off by oxygen plasma ashing or the like (FIG. 12A).
- the dry etching is not necessarily stopped on the upper surface of the insulating barrier film 7 and may reach the inside of the insulating barrier film 7.
- the insulating barrier film 7 exposed from the opening of the first hard mask film 8 is etched back (dry etching) using the first hard mask film 8 with the opening shown in FIG. ), An opening is formed in the insulating barrier film 7, and the first wiring 5 is exposed from the opening of the insulating barrier film 7. At this time, the opening of the insulating barrier film 7 may reach the inside of the interlayer insulating film 2. Thereafter, an organic stripping process is performed with an amine-based stripping solution to remove copper oxide formed on the exposed surface of the first wiring 5 and etching by-products generated at the time of etch back (see FIG. 12 (B)).
- the first hard mask film 8 in FIG. 12A is preferably completely removed during the etch back, but may be left as it is when it is an insulating material.
- the shape of the opening of the insulating barrier film 7 can be a circle, a square, or a rectangle, and the diameter of the circle or the length of one side of the rectangle can be 20 nm to 500 nm.
- the wall surface of the opening of the insulating barrier film 7 can be tapered by using reactive dry etching.
- reactive dry etching a gas containing fluorocarbon can be used as an etching gas.
- the resistance change film 9 is deposited on the insulating barrier film 7 including the first wiring 5.
- the resistance change film 9 is a solid electrolyte, and for example, SiCOH, TaSiO, Ta 2 O 5 , ZrO, or HfO (film thickness 6 nm) can be used (FIG. 12C).
- the resistance change film 9 can be formed using a PVD method or a CVD method.
- the insulating barrier film 7 Since moisture or the like is attached to the opening of the insulating barrier film 7 by the organic peeling process, the insulating barrier film 7 is removed by applying a heat treatment under reduced pressure at a temperature of about 250 ° C. to 400 ° C. before the deposition of the resistance change film 9. It is preferable to gas. At this time, care must be taken such as in a vacuum or in a nitrogen atmosphere so as not to oxidize the copper surface again.
- the first wiring 5 exposed from the opening of the insulating barrier film 7 may be subjected to gas cleaning or plasma cleaning processing using H 2 gas. By doing so, it is possible to suppress the oxidation of the first wiring 5 (Cu) when forming the resistance change film 9, and to suppress the thermal diffusion (mass transfer) of copper during the process. become.
- valve metal 2 nm or less
- the valve metal is made of at least one of Zr, Hf, Ti, Al, Ta, etc., and can be selected from materials that have a negative free energy of oxidation larger than that of Cu.
- the thin valve metal layer is oxidized during the formation of the resistance change film 9 to become an oxide.
- variable resistance film 9 since it is necessary to bury the variable resistance film 9 in the opening having a step with good coverage, it is preferable to use the plasma CVD method.
- a second electrode 10 having a laminated structure is formed on the resistance change film 9.
- the second electrode 10 is divided into a lower layer electrode (for example, a layer containing Ru as a main component and a film thickness of 10 nm) directly in contact with the resistance change film 9 and an upper layer electrode (for example, titanium nitride and a film thickness of 10 nm). It can also be deposited. Further, the rectifying element 11 and the third electrode (control electrode) 12 are formed in this order (see FIG. 13A).
- a second hard mask film 8-2 for example, SiCN film, film thickness 30 nm
- a third hard mask film (another hard mask film) 8-3 for example, SiO 2 film
- a film thickness of 200 nm) is stacked in this order.
- the second hard mask film 8-2 and the third hard mask film 8-3 can be formed using a plasma CVD method.
- the hard mask film can be formed using a general plasma CVD method in the art.
- the second hard mask film 8-2 and the third hard mask film 8-3 are preferably different types of films.
- the second hard mask film 8-2 is a SiCN film
- the third hard mask film 8-2 is a third hard mask film 8-3.
- the mask film 8-3 can be a SiO 2 film.
- the second hard mask film 8-2 is preferably made of the same material as the protective insulating film 14 and the insulating barrier film 7. That is, by surrounding all of the resistance change element with the same material, the material interface is integrated to prevent intrusion of moisture and the like from the outside and to prevent detachment from the resistance change element itself.
- the second hard mask film 8-2 can be formed by plasma CVD, but it must be maintained under reduced pressure in the reaction chamber before film formation. At this time, oxygen is released from the resistance change film 9. This causes a problem that the leakage current of the solid electrolyte increases due to oxygen defects. In order to suppress them, it is preferable to set the film forming temperature to 400 ° C. or lower.
- a reducing gas because it is exposed to a film forming gas under reduced pressure before forming the hard mask film.
- a SiN film in which a mixed gas of SiH 4 / N 2 is formed by high-density plasma.
- a metal hard mask can be used for the mask, for example, TiN or the like can be used.
- a photoresist (not shown) for patterning the resistance change element portion is formed on the third hard mask film 8-3, and then the second hard mask film 8-2 is used using the photoresist as a mask.
- the third hard mask film 8-3 is dry-etched until ## EQU2 ## and then the photoresist is removed using oxygen plasma ashing and organic peeling (see FIG. 13C).
- a photoresist (not shown) for patterning the rectifying element portion is formed on the third hard mask film 8-3, and then the third hard mask film 8-3 is used using the photoresist as a mask.
- dry etching is performed, and then the photoresist is removed using oxygen plasma ashing and organic peeling.
- variable resistance element portion and the rectifying element portion are patterned in the areas of the second hard mask film 8-2 and the third hard mask film 8-3 (see FIGS. 14A and 14B). .
- the second hard mask film 8-2 and the third hard mask film 8-3 as a mask, the second hard mask film 8-2, the third electrode (control electrode) 12, the rectifier element 11, and the second electrode 10 Then, the resistance change film 9 is continuously dry-etched. At this time, the hard mask film is preferably completely removed during the etch back, but may remain as it is.
- the second electrode 10 when the second electrode 10 is TiN, it can be processed by Cl 2 -based RIE (Reactive Ion Etching), and when the second electrode 10 is Ru, RIE processing is performed with a mixed gas of Cl 2 / O 2. can do. In the etching of the resistance change film 9, it is necessary to stop the dry etching on the insulating barrier film 7 on the lower surface.
- RIE reactive Ion Etching
- the variable resistance element portion and the rectifying element portion can be processed without being exposed to oxygen plasma ashing for resist removal.
- a protective insulating film 14 (for example, a SiN film, 30 nm) is deposited on the insulating barrier film 7 including the third electrode (control electrode) 12, the rectifying element 11, the second electrode 10, and the resistance change film 9 ( (See FIG. 14C).
- the protective insulating film 14 can be formed by the plasma CVD method, but it is necessary to maintain the pressure in the reaction chamber under reduced pressure before the film formation. At this time, oxygen is desorbed from the side surface of the resistance change film 9, and the solid electrolyte This causes a problem that the leakage current increases. In order to suppress them, it is preferable to set the deposition temperature of the protective insulating film 14 to 350 ° C. or lower. Furthermore, it is preferable not to use a reducing gas because the protective insulating film 14 is exposed to a film forming gas under reduced pressure before forming the protective insulating film 14. For example, it is preferable to use a SiN film or the like formed by using a mixed gas of SiH 4 / N 2 with high-density plasma at a substrate temperature of 200 ° C.
- an interlayer insulating film 15 (for example, SiOC) is formed on the protective insulating film 14, and then the interlayer insulating film 15 is etched and planarized by CMP. Further, an interlayer insulating film 17 (for example, a silicon oxide film) and a hard mask film 16 are deposited on the interlayer insulating film 15 in this order. Thereafter, a wiring groove for the second wiring 18 and a pilot hole for the plug 19 are formed, and a barrier metal 20 (for example, TaN / Ta) is inserted into the wiring groove and the pilot hole using a copper dual damascene wiring process. The second wiring 18 (for example, Cu) and the plug 19 (for example, Cu) are simultaneously formed, and then a barrier insulating film 21 (for example, SiN film) is deposited on the hard mask film 16 including the second wiring 18. .
- a barrier insulating film 21 for example, SiN film
- the formation of the second wiring 18 can use the same process as the formation of the lower layer wiring (first wiring 5). At this time, by making the barrier metal 20 and the third electrode (control electrode) 12 the same material, the contact resistance between the plug 19 and the control electrode (third electrode) 12 is reduced, and the device performance is improved (on-time The resistance of the variable resistance element 22 can be reduced).
- the interlayer insulating film 15 and the interlayer insulating film 17 can be formed by a plasma CVD method.
- the first wiring 5 is used as the lower electrode of the resistance change element, that is, the first wiring 5 also serves as the lower electrode of the resistance change element 22. Since density can be realized and a complementary resistance change element can be formed, reliability can be improved.
- the rectifying element 11 is formed on the upper surface side of the variable resistance element 22, and the variable resistance element 22 can be mounted only by creating three mask sets as an additional step to the normal Cu damascene wiring process. The cost can be reduced at the same time.
- the resistance change element 22 can be mounted inside a state-of-the-art device composed of copper wiring, and the performance of the apparatus can be improved.
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- a resistance change element is provided inside a copper multilayer wiring on a semiconductor substrate
- DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
- SRAM Static Random Access Memory
- flash memory FRAM (registered trademark) (Ferro Electric Random Access Memory)
- MRAM Magnetic Random Access Memory
- resistance change memory for example, DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), SRAM (Static Random Access Memory), flash memory, FRAM (registered trademark) (Ferro Electric Random Access Memory), MRAM (Magnetic Random Access Memory), and resistance change memory.
- the present invention can also be applied to a semiconductor product having a memory circuit such as a bipolar transistor, a semiconductor product having a logic circuit such as a microprocessor, or a copper wiring of a board or package on which these are simultaneously listed.
- the present invention can also be applied to bonding of electronic circuit devices, optical circuit devices, quantum circuit devices, micromachines, MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems), and the like to semiconductor devices.
- the example of the switch function has been mainly described.
- the present invention can be used for a nonvolatile memory, resistance change characteristics, a memory element using a rectifying element, and the like.
- the characteristics of the metal ion precipitation type resistance change element are mainly shown, but the operation principle of the resistance change element does not limit the use of the present invention.
- the switching element according to the present invention can be confirmed from the completion. Specifically, by observing the cross section of the device with a TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope), when the variable resistance element is mounted inside the multilayer wiring, the lower surface of the variable resistance element is a copper wiring. Yes, it can be confirmed by observing whether the copper wiring also serves as the lower electrode and has an opening between two different lower layer wirings, and it can be confirmed whether it is the structure according to the present invention.
- TEM Transmission Electron Microscope
- a switching element including at least a first resistance change element, a second resistance change element, and a rectifying element, wherein one end of the first resistance change element and the second resistance change element is connected to one end of the rectification element. And the rectifying element is a two-terminal switching element.
- Appendix 2 The switching element according to appendix 1, wherein the first resistance change element, the second resistance change element, and the rectifying element have the same operation polarity.
- Appendix 3) The switching element according to appendix 1 or 2, wherein a threshold voltage of the rectifying element is lower than a threshold voltage of the first resistance change element or the second resistance change element.
- Each of the first and second resistance change elements is a nonvolatile resistance change element including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a resistance change film sandwiched between the first and second electrodes, The switching according to any one of appendices 1 to 4, wherein the electrode is an active electrode that supplies metal ions, the variable resistance film is a layer that conducts metal ions, and the second electrode is an inactive electrode. element.
- a switching element according to 1. It is formed in a multilayer wiring layer in a semiconductor device, The first electrode is a lower electrode / copper wiring, and an insulating barrier film is formed on an upper surface of the copper wiring, the insulating barrier film has an opening, and the resistance change film has a lower electrode also in the opening.
- the switching element according to appendix 5 wherein the second electrode, the rectifying element, and the third electrode are stacked in this order from the bottom on the upper surface of the resistance change film in contact with the copper wiring.
- the resistance change film is in contact with at least two or more lower electrode and copper wirings in the opening, and the second electrode, the rectifier element, and the third electrode are between the two first and second resistance change elements.
- the rectifying element is formed of any one of SiN x , TaO x , NbO x , HfO x , TiO x , ZrO x , WO x , or a laminated film thereof. Switching element.
- (Appendix 14) 14 14. The semiconductor device according to appendix 12 or 13, wherein the resistance change film, the second electrode, the rectifying element, and the third electrode have a laminated structure.
- the semiconductor according to appendix 14, wherein the combination of the rectifying element and the third electrode is disposed in another wiring layer above the copper wiring also serving as the first electrode and corresponding to the two openings.
- (Appendix 17) A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having a bipolar variable resistance element in a copper multilayer wiring layer on a semiconductor substrate, Forming an insulating barrier film on the first electrode and copper wiring; Forming an opening in the insulating barrier film that becomes a tapered surface that extends as the first electrode-cum-copper wiring and the wall surface are separated from the copper wiring; Forming a resistance change film on a surface including the opening; Forming a second electrode on the variable resistance film; Forming a rectifying element on the second electrode; Forming a third electrode on the rectifying element.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising: (Appendix 18) 18.
- variable resistance film, the second electrode, the rectifying element, and the third electrode are formed by etching with a common mask.
- Appendix 19 Forming the variable resistance film, the second electrode, the rectifying element, and the third electrode; Forming a resistance change film, a second electrode, a rectifying element, a third electrode, and a hard mask film in order on the entire surface including the opening; Performing a patterning process on the hard mask film to form a mask region corresponding to a region including the variable resistance element portion and the rectifying element portion; Using the mask region as a mask, the third electrode, the rectifying element, the second electrode, and the variable resistance film are continuously etched to form a stacked structure of the variable resistance film, the second electrode, the rectifying element, and the third electrode.
- Appendix 20 A crossbar switch array using the switching element according to any one of appendices 1 to 11, wherein a horizontal line is a first lower layer wiring, a vertical line is a second lower layer wiring, and a diagonal connected to a control terminal Crossbar switch array with line as upper layer wiring.
- Appendix 21 A first wiring connected to the other end of the first resistance change element; and a second wiring connected to the other end of the second resistance change element, wherein the first wiring and the second wiring are orthogonal to each other.
- (Appendix 22) A third wiring connected to the other end of the first rectifying element; and a fourth wiring connected to the other end of the second rectifying element, wherein the third wiring and the fourth wiring are orthogonal to each other.
- At least two switching elements according to any one of appendices 1 to 11 are arranged in an array, and a plurality of the switching elements share at least one wiring that connects unconnected terminals; A first wiring connected to the other end of the first variable resistance element; A second wiring connected to the other end of the second variable resistance element and a third wiring connected to the other end of the first rectifying element; A fourth wiring connected to the other end of the second rectifying element, The first wiring and the third wiring are parallel, The crossbar switch array, wherein the second wiring and the fourth wiring are orthogonal to each other.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に適用可能な抵抗変化素子の動作特性は、前述の動作原理に関わらず、印加電圧レベルで抵抗変化動作するユニポーラ型と、印加電圧レベルと電圧極性によって抵抗変化動作するバイポーラ型とに分類することができる。本発明では、バイポーラ型抵抗変化素子を用いることが好ましい。
上記したバイポーラ型抵抗変化素子の例として、非特許文献1には、固体電解質層(イオンが電界等の印加によって自由に動くことのできる固体)中における金属イオン移動と電気化学反応とを利用したスイッチング素子が開示されている。非特許文献1に開示されたスイッチング素子は、固体電解質層、該固体電解質層に一側と該一側と反対側の各面に当接して対向配置された第1電極及び第2電極の3層から構成されている。このうち、第1電極は、固体電解質層に金属イオンを供給するための役割を果たしている。第2電極からは、金属イオンは供給されない。
<第1の視点:二つの抵抗変化素子と二つの整流素子とを含むスイッチング素子>
図2を参照すると、本発明の第1の視点におけるスイッチング素子100は、第1抵抗変化素子101と、第2抵抗変化素子102と、第1抵抗変化素子101の一端側に一端を接続した第一整流素子103と、第2抵抗変化素子102の一端側に一端を接続した第二整流素子104を備える。第1抵抗変化素子101と第一整流素子103の接続点と、第2抵抗変化素子102と第二整流素子104の接続点を接続している。第1抵抗変化素子101の他端側には第1端子111を接続し、第2抵抗変化素子102の他端側には第2端子112を接続している。第1整流素子103の他端側には第3端子(制御端子)113を接続し、第2整流素子104の他端側には第4端子(制御端子)114を接続している。
<第2の視点:クロスバースイッチアレイ>
本発明における第2の視点として、第一の実施形態で説明したスイッチング素子を備えたクロスバースイッチアレイを説明する。
<第3の視点:デバイス構造>
本発明に係るスイッチング素子の構造を図5、図6を参照して説明する。
本発明の実施例1に係るスイッチング素子について図面を用いて説明する。
図9は実施例2におけるスイッチング素子の断面図である。このスイッチング素子は、抵抗変化素子と整流素子とを異なる配線層に形成、配置したうえで銅配線を介して接続するようにした構成である。下層の銅配線においては、絶縁性バリア膜7に形成された開口部にて、下部電極となる一つの第1配線5aともう一つの第1配線5b上に、抵抗変化膜9、上部電極(第二電極)10からなる相補型抵抗変化素子22が形成されている。上部電極10は、銅によるプラグ19を介して中間の銅配線31a、31bへ接続される。
次に、実施例1として説明した図8の半導体装置の製造方法について、図11(A)~図11(C)、図12(A)~図12(C)、図13(A)~図13(C)、図14(A)~図14(C)を用いて説明する。本実施例3の製造方法は、本発明における半導体装置を形成するための一例である。図11(A)~図11(C)、図12(A)~図12(C)、図13(A)~図13(C)、図14(A)~図14(C)は、本発明による半導体装置の製造方法の実施例を模式的に示した工程断面図である。
(付記1)
少なくとも第一抵抗変化素子と第二抵抗変化素子と整流素子とを含むスイッチング素子であって、前記第一抵抗変化素子及び前記第二抵抗変化素子の一端と前記整流素子の一端とが接続されており、前記整流素子は二端子であるスイッチング素子。
(付記2)
前記第一抵抗変化素子と前記第二抵抗変化素子と前記整流素子の動作極性が同一である、付記1に記載のスイッチング素子。
(付記3)
前記整流素子の閾値電圧は、前記第一抵抗変化素子又は前記第二抵抗変化素子の閾値電圧より低い、付記1又は2に記載のスイッチング素子。
(付記4)
前記整流素子は揮発型抵抗変化素子である、付記1~3のいずれか1つに記載のスイッチング素子。
(付記5)
前記第一、第二抵抗変化素子はそれぞれ、第一電極と第二電極とこれら第一、第二電極間に挟まれた抵抗変化膜とからなる不揮発型抵抗変化素子であって、前記第一電極は金属イオンを供給する活性電極であり、前記抵抗変化膜は金属イオンが伝導する層であり、前記第二電極は不活性電極である、付記1~4のいずれか1つに記載のスイッチング素子。
(付記6)
信号経路中に挿入されるものであって、
前記第一、第二抵抗変化素子の未接続の端子を通して入出力がなされ、かつ前記整流素子の未接続の端子を通して抵抗変化素子の抵抗状態が制御される、付記1~5のいずれか1つに記載のスイッチング素子。
(付記7)
半導体装置内の多層配線層に形成されるものであって、
前記第一電極は下部電極兼銅配線であって、銅配線の上面には絶縁性バリア膜が形成され、絶縁性バリア膜は開口部を有し、前記抵抗変化膜は開口部において下部電極兼銅配線と接し、前記抵抗変化膜の上面には下から第二電極、整流素子、第三電極の順に積層されている、付記5に記載のスイッチング素子。
(付記8)
前記抵抗変化膜は、前記開口部において少なくとも二つ以上の前記下部電極兼銅配線と接し、前記第二電極、前記整流素子、前記第三電極は二つの前記第一、第二抵抗変化素子間で一体化している、付記7に記載のスイッチング素子。
(付記9)
前記整流素子は、SiNx、TaOx、NbOx、HfOx、TiOx、ZrOx、WOxのいずれか1つ、あるいはそれらの積層膜からなる、付記1~8のいずれか1つに記載のスイッチング素子。
(付記10)
前記第一電極の主成分はCuからなり、前記第二電極の主成分はRuからなり、前記絶縁性バリア膜は、SiC、SiCN、SiNのいずれか1つからなる、付記7に記載のスイッチング素子。
(付記11)
前記第一抵抗変化素子のプログラミングは前記第二整流素子を介して行い、前記第二抵抗変化素子のプログラミングは前記第一整流素子を介して行うことを特徴とする付記1~10のいずれか1つに記載のスイッチング素子。
(付記12)
半導体基板上の銅多層配線層内にバイポーラ型の抵抗変化素子を有する半導体装置であって、
前記銅多層配線層内に形成された複数の第一電極兼銅配線と、
前記複数の第一電極兼銅配線上に形成された絶縁性バリア膜と、
前記絶縁性バリア膜に形成され、前記第一電極兼銅配線に通ずるととともに壁面が前記銅配線から離れるにしたがい広くなるテーパ面となった開口部と、
前記開口部を含む平面に形成された抵抗変化膜と、
前記抵抗変化膜上に形成された第二電極と、
前記第二電極上に形成された整流素子と、
前記整流素子上に形成された第三電極と、を有する半導体装置。
(付記13)
前記第三電極は制御電極である、付記12に記載の半導体装置。
(付記14)
前記抵抗変化膜、前記第二電極、前記整流素子、及び前記第三電極は積層構造をなしている、付記12又は13に記載の半導体装置。
(付記15)
前記整流素子と前記第三電極の組み合わせを、前記第一電極を兼ねる銅配線よりも上方の別の配線層に配置した、付記14に記載の半導体装置。
(付記16)
前記絶縁性バリア膜に形成され、前記第一電極を兼ねる銅配線に通ずる開口部を2つ有し、
それぞれの前記開口部に前記抵抗変化膜と前記第二電極の組み合わせが形成され、
前記整流素子と前記第三電極の組み合わせを、前記第一電極を兼ねる銅配線よりも上方の別の配線層であって2つの前記開口部に対応する箇所に配置した、付記14に記載の半導体装置。
(付記17)
半導体基板上の銅多層配線層内にバイポーラ型の抵抗変化素子を有する半導体装置の製造方法であって、
第一電極兼銅配線上に絶縁性バリア膜を形成する工程と、
前記絶縁性バリア膜に、前記第一電極兼銅配線に通ずるととともに壁面が前記銅配線から離れるにしたがい広くなるテーパ面となった開口部を形成する工程と、
前記開口部を含む面に抵抗変化膜を形成する工程と、
前記抵抗変化膜上に第二電極を形成する工程と、
前記第二電極上に整流素子を形成する工程と、
前記整流素子上に第三電極を形成する工程と、を含むことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
(付記18)
前記抵抗変化膜、前記第二電極、前記整流素子及び前記第三電極は共通のマスクでエッチングされて形成されている、付記17に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
(付記19)
前記抵抗変化膜、前記第二電極、前記整流素子、前記第三電極の形成を、
前記開口部を含む全面に抵抗変化膜、第二電極、整流素子、第三電極、ハードマスク膜を順に形成する工程と、
前記ハードマスク膜にパターニング加工を行って抵抗変化素子部と整流素子部とを含む領域に対応するマスク領域を形成する工程と、
前記マスク領域をマスクとして第三電極、整流素子、第二電極、抵抗変化膜を連続的にエッチングして前記抵抗変化膜、前記第二電極、前記整流素子、前記第三電極の積層構造を形成する工程と、を経て行う、付記17又は18に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
(付記20)
付記1~11のいずれか1つに記載のスイッチング素子を用いたクロスバースイッチアレイであって、水平ラインを第一下層配線、垂直ラインを第二下層配線とし、制御端子に接続する対角ラインを上層配線とするクロスバースイッチアレイ。
(付記21)
前記第一抵抗変化素子の他端に接続する第一配線と、前記第二抵抗変化素子の他端に接続する第二配線とを有し、前記第一配線と前記第二配線とは直交する方向に延在することを特徴とする、付記20に記載のクロスバースイッチアレイ。
(付記22)
前記第一整流素子の他端に接続する第三配線と、前記第二整流素子の他端に接続する第四配線とを有し、前記第三配線と前記第四配線とは直交する方向に延在することを特徴とする、付記20又は21に記載のクロスバースイッチアレイ。
(付記23)
前記第一配線と前記第三配線は平行に延在し、前記第二配線と前記第四配線が平行に延在することを特徴とする、付記20~22のいずれか1つに記載のクロスバースイッチアレイ。
(付記24)
付記1~11のいずれか1つに記載のスイッチング素子を少なくとも2つ以上アレイ状に配置し、複数の前記スイッチング素子で、未接続の端子を接続する、少なくとも一つの配線を共有し、
前記第一抵抗変化素子のもう一端と接続する第一の配線と、
前記第二抵抗変化素子のもう一端と接続する第二の配線と
前記第一整流素子のもう一端と接続する第三の配線と、
前記第二整流素子のもう一端と接続する第四の配線と、を有し、
前記第一の配線と第三の配線とは平行であり、
前記第二の配線と第四の配線とはそれらと直交することを特徴とする、クロスバースイッチアレイ。
5a、5b 第1配線
6a、6b バリアメタル
7 絶縁性バリア膜
8 ハードマスク膜
9 抵抗変化膜
10 第二電極
11 整流素子
12 制御電極(第三電極)
14 保護絶縁膜
15 層間絶縁膜
16 ハードマスク膜
17 層間絶縁膜
18 第2配線
19 プラグ
20 バリアメタル
21 バリア絶縁膜
101 第1抵抗変化素子
101a 第1電極
101b 第1抵抗変化膜
101c 第2電極
102 第2抵抗変化素子
102a 第1電極
102b 第2抵抗変化膜
102c 第2電極
103 整流素子
103a 第1電極
103b 整流膜
103c 第2電極
111 第1端子
112 第2端子
113 第3端子
401a 第1活性電極
401b 第2活性電極
402 固体電解質
403 不活性電極
404 整流素子
405 制御電極(第三電極)
406a、406b 金属架橋
Claims (10)
- 少なくとも第一抵抗変化素子と第二抵抗変化素子と第一整流素子と第二整流素子とを含み、前記第一整流素子と前記第二整流素子とは二端子素子であって、前記第一抵抗変化素子及び前記第二抵抗変化素子の一端と前記第一整流素子及び前記第二整流素子の一端とが接続されていることを特徴とするスイッチング素子。
- 信号経路中に挿入されるものであって、
前記第一抵抗変化素子及び前記第二抵抗変化素子の未接続の端子を通して入出力がなされ、かつ前記第一整流素子及び前記第二整流素子の未接続の端子を通して前記第一抵抗変化素子及び前記第二抵抗変化素子の抵抗状態が制御される、請求項1に記載のスイッチング素子。 - 前記第一抵抗変化素子のプログラミングは前記第二整流素子を介して行い、前記第二抵抗変化素子のプログラミングは前記第一整流素子を介して行うことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のスイッチング素子。
- 前記抵抗変化素子は、第一電極と第二電極とこれら第一、第二電極間に挟まれた抵抗変化膜とからなる不揮発型抵抗変化素子であって、前記第一電極は金属イオンを供給する活性電極であり、前記抵抗変化膜は金属イオンが伝導する層であり、前記第二電極は不活性電極である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のスイッチング素子。
- 前記第一、第二整流素子はそれぞれ、第三電極と第四電極とこれら第三、第四電極間に挟まれた整流膜とからなる素子であって、前記第三電極は前記第四電極と同一材料であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のスイッチング素子。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のスイッチング素子を少なくとも2つ以上アレイ状に配置し、複数の前記スイッチング素子で、未接続の端子を接続する、少なくとも一つの配線を共有するようにしたクロスバースイッチアレイ。
- 半導体基板上の銅多層配線層内にバイポーラ型の抵抗変化素子を有する半導体装置であって、
前記銅多層配線層内に形成された複数の第一電極を兼ねる銅配線と、
前記複数の第一電極を兼ねる銅配線上に形成された絶縁性バリア膜と、
前記絶縁性バリア膜に形成され、前記第一電極を兼ねる銅配線に通ずる開口部と、
前記開口部を含む平面に形成された抵抗変化膜と、
前記抵抗変化膜上に形成された第二電極と、
前記第二電極上に形成された整流素子と、
を含む半導体装置。 - 更に、前記整流素子上に形成された、制御電極としての第三電極を含む、請求項7に記載の半導体装置。
- 半導体基板上の銅多層配線層内にバイポーラ型の抵抗変化素子を有する半導体装置の製造方法であって、
第一電極を兼ねる銅配線上に絶縁性バリア膜を形成し、
前記絶縁性バリア膜に、前記第一電極を兼ねる銅配線に通ずる開口部を形成し、
前記開口部を含む面に抵抗変化膜を形成し、
前記抵抗変化膜上に第二電極を形成し、
前記第二電極より上部に整流素子を形成し、
前記整流素子上に第三電極を形成する、半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記抵抗変化膜、前記第二電極、前記整流素子、前記第三電極の形成を、
前記開口部を含む全面に抵抗変化膜、第二電極、整流素子、第三電極、ハードマスク膜を順に形成し、
前記ハードマスク膜にパターニング加工を行って抵抗変化素子部と整流素子部とを含む領域に対応するマスク領域を形成し、
前記マスク領域をマスクとして第三電極、整流素子、第二電極、抵抗変化膜を連続的にエッチングして前記抵抗変化膜、前記第二電極、前記整流素子、前記第三電極の積層構造を形成することを経て行う、請求項9に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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