WO2016139726A1 - 工具装着評価方法および工作機械 - Google Patents
工具装着評価方法および工作機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016139726A1 WO2016139726A1 PCT/JP2015/056099 JP2015056099W WO2016139726A1 WO 2016139726 A1 WO2016139726 A1 WO 2016139726A1 JP 2015056099 W JP2015056099 W JP 2015056099W WO 2016139726 A1 WO2016139726 A1 WO 2016139726A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- draw bar
- spindle
- mounting
- main shaft
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/002—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring the holding action of work or tool holders
- B23Q17/003—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring the holding action of work or tool holders by measuring a position
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0042—Devices for removing chips
- B23Q11/005—Devices for removing chips by blowing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/401—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for measuring, e.g. calibration and initialisation, measuring workpiece for machining purposes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
- B23B31/02—Chucks
- B23B31/24—Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means
- B23B31/26—Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means using mechanical transmission through the working-spindle
- B23B31/261—Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means using mechanical transmission through the working-spindle clamping the end of the toolholder shank
- B23B31/265—Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means using mechanical transmission through the working-spindle clamping the end of the toolholder shank by means of collets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q2717/00—Arrangements for indicating or measuring
- B23Q2717/006—Arrangements for indicating or measuring in milling machines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
- G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
- Y10T409/30—Milling
- Y10T409/309352—Cutter spindle or spindle support
- Y10T409/309408—Cutter spindle or spindle support with cutter holder
- Y10T409/309464—Cutter spindle or spindle support with cutter holder and draw bar
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tool mounting evaluation method for evaluating the mounting state of a tool and a machine tool.
- the tool When machining a workpiece with a machine tool, the tool is mounted on the spindle of the spindle device. When the tool is fixed to the main shaft, the tool is pressure-bonded to a mounting seat such as a tapered hole or an end surface formed in the main shaft. In order to fix the tool to the main shaft, it is known that the main shaft device has a built-in drawing bar called a draw bar, which is fixed by drawing the tool toward the inside of the main shaft.
- Japanese Patent No. 3159923 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-50359 disclose a spindle device in which a draw bar is built in a hollow portion of a spindle that is rotatably provided with respect to a housing.
- a collet that opens and closes when the draw bar moves in the axial direction is disposed at the tip of the draw bar.
- the collet holds and releases the rear end of the tool.
- a tool is fixed to a main axis
- machining a workpiece with a machine tool multiple types of tools may be used for machining one workpiece. In such a case, it is necessary to change the tool.
- a machine tool including a tool changer for exchanging tools is used.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a tool mounting evaluation method and a machine tool for determining whether or not a tool is mounted on a spindle in a correct state.
- the tool mounting evaluation method of the present invention is a tool mounting evaluation method when a tool is pulled in by a draw bar built in the spindle of a machine tool and mounted on the spindle, and foreign matter on the surface of the spindle mounting seat and the contact surface of the tool
- the axial position of the draw bar when the tool contacts the mounting seat is memorized as a reference position
- the axial position of the draw bar when the tool is mounted on the spindle is measured as the measurement position.
- the storing step can include a step of measuring the reference position using a machine tool, or a step of measuring the reference position using a tool mounting device simulating a machine tool.
- the measurement step can measure the measurement position with an inductive displacement sensor.
- the dog for detecting the measurement position of the draw bar in the axial direction is arranged on the draw bar and the piston that presses the draw bar, and in the measurement process, the measurement position when the tool is mounted on the main shaft and the tool is mounted on the main shaft.
- the measurement position when the draw bar is retracted without being detected can be detected by a dog arranged on the draw bar, and the measurement position when the tool is released can be detected by a dog arranged on the piston pressing the draw bar.
- a machine tool of the present invention includes a spindle device that draws a tool by a draw bar built in the spindle and attaches the tool to the spindle, a position detector that detects the position of the draw bar in the axial direction, and a control device that controls the machine tool.
- the control device includes a storage unit that stores the position of the draw bar in association with the tool, and a determination unit that determines the mounting state of the tool based on the measurement position in the axial direction of the draw bar detected when the tool is mounted on the spindle.
- the storage unit stores, as a reference position, the position in the axial direction of the draw bar detected when the tool comes into contact with the mounting seat in a state in which foreign matter has been removed from the surface of the mounting seat of the spindle and the contact surface of the tool.
- the determination unit determines that the tool mounting state is abnormal when the error of the measurement position with respect to the reference position exceeds a predetermined determination range.
- the machine tool of the present embodiment is a numerical control type that automatically performs machining by relatively moving a tool and a workpiece based on a machining program.
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a machine tool in the present embodiment.
- the machine tool 80 includes a machine body 81 and a control device 82.
- the machine body 81 includes a spindle device 10 that rotatably supports a tool, and a moving device 93 that relatively moves the tool and the workpiece.
- the machine body 81 is preset with an X axis, a Y axis, and a Z axis that are orthogonal to each other as linear feed axes.
- the moving device 93 includes an X-axis moving device that moves the tool in the X-axis direction and a Y-axis moving device that moves the tool in the Y-axis direction.
- the moving device 93 includes a Z-axis moving device that moves the table on which the workpiece is fixed in the Z-axis direction.
- the moving device 93 is not limited to this form, and any device that moves the tool relative to the workpiece can be employed.
- the machine body 81 includes a tool changer 94.
- the machine tool 80 according to the present embodiment is formed so that a plurality of types of tools can be used in machining one workpiece.
- the tool changer 94 includes a tool magazine that can store a plurality of tools.
- the tool changer 94 can change a tool attached to the spindle device 10.
- the tool changer 94 automatically changes the tool according to the procedure defined in the machining program 78.
- the control device 82 includes, for example, an arithmetic processing device including a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and the like connected to each other via a bus.
- a machining program 78 in which a procedure for machining a workpiece is set is input to the machine tool 80.
- the control device 82 controls the machine main body 81 based on the machining program 78.
- the control device 82 includes a numerical control unit 83.
- the numerical controller 83 sends a feed command for the feed axis to the moving device 93 based on the machining program 78.
- the moving device 93 performs relative movement between the workpiece and the tool based on the feed command.
- the control device 82 includes a machine control unit 84. Based on the machining program 78, the numerical control unit 83 sends a spindle command for controlling the spindle and a tool change command for controlling tool change to the machine control unit 84.
- the spindle command includes, for example, a command related to rotation of the spindle and a command related to the holding state of the tool.
- the tool change command includes, for example, a command related to a tool change number for changing a tool.
- the machine control unit 84 includes a spindle device control unit 91.
- the spindle device control unit 91 controls the spindle device 10 based on the spindle command and the tool change command.
- the machine control unit 84 includes a tool changer control unit 90.
- the tool changer control unit 90 controls the tool changer 94 based on the tool change command.
- the machine control unit 84 includes a position detection unit 92.
- the machine control unit 84 includes a determination unit 86 that determines the mounting state of the tool based on the measured measurement position of the draw bar 22.
- the position detector 92 receives the position signal from the position detector 61 and detects the position of the draw bar 22 in the axial direction.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the spindle device in the present embodiment.
- the direction in which the tool 18 is disposed is referred to as a front side
- the side in which the piston 46 is disposed is referred to as a rear side.
- main shaft device 10 includes a hollow housing 12.
- the spindle device 10 includes a spindle 14 that is rotatably supported by a housing 12 via bearings 16a, 16b, and 16c.
- the spindle device 10 includes a spindle motor 35 that rotates the spindle 14.
- the spindle motor 35 of the present embodiment is a built-in type.
- the main shaft motor 35 includes a rotor 32 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft 14 and a stator 34 fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the housing 12.
- a conical taper hole 14 a that extends toward the front side of the main shaft 14 is formed at the tip of the main shaft 14.
- a tool 18 is attached to the tapered hole 14a.
- the tapered hole 14 a corresponds to a mounting seat for mounting the tool 18 to the main shaft 14.
- a portion including the machining member 18d such as a drill or an end mill and attached to and detached from the main shaft 14 is referred to as a tool 18.
- the tool 18 includes a machining member 18d and a holder 18a that holds the machining member 18d.
- the processed member 18d and the holder 18a are replaced integrally.
- the holder 18a includes a tapered portion 18b and a pull stud portion 18c.
- the tapered portion 18b is formed in a truncated cone shape.
- the outer surface of the tapered portion 18b is formed to correspond to the inner surface of the tapered hole 14a. That is, the taper portion 18b is formed so as to fit into the taper hole 14a.
- the pull stud portion 18c is provided at the rear end of the tapered portion 18b.
- a hollow portion is formed inside the main shaft 14.
- a draw bar 22 is inserted into the hollow portion of the main shaft 14 so as to be movable in the axial direction of the main shaft 14.
- a guide tube 26 is inserted in a region on the front side of the hollow portion of the main shaft 14. The draw bar 22 is inserted into the guide tube 26. The draw bar 22 moves along the guide tube 26 as indicated by an arrow 103.
- the draw bar 22 has a guide portion 22 c that contacts the inner surface of the main shaft 14.
- a disc spring 30 as an urging member is disposed between the guide tube 26 and the guide portion 22c.
- the disc spring 30 biases the draw bar 22 toward the rear side along the central axis with respect to the main shaft 14.
- the urging member for urging the draw bar 22 is not limited to a disc spring, and other urging members such as a coil spring may be used.
- a collet 28 that engages with the pull stud 18c of the holder 18a is disposed at the tip of the draw bar 22.
- the collet 28 is formed so as to engage with the pull stud portion 18 c when the draw bar 22 moves rearward inside the main shaft 14. Further, the collet 28 is formed so as to expand and disengage from the pull stud portion 18c when the draw bar 22 moves to the front side.
- the housing 12 includes a bracket portion 42 disposed at the rear end.
- the main shaft device includes an unclamping device for moving the draw bar 22 in the forward direction.
- the unclamping device is disposed on the rear side of the draw bar 22.
- the unclamping device includes a cylinder 44 disposed inside the bracket portion 42 and a hydraulic device 50 that drives the cylinder 44.
- the cylinder 44 includes a piston 46 that is slidably disposed therein.
- the front end portion 46a of the piston 46 comes into contact with the rear end portion 22a of the draw bar 22 when the piston 46 moves to the front side.
- Two hydraulic chambers separated by a piston 46 are formed inside the cylinder 44.
- the clamped state includes a state where the tool 18 is mounted in the tapered hole 14a of the main shaft 14 and a state where the tool 18 is not mounted in the tapered hole 14a of the main shaft 14.
- the collet 28 pulls the tool 18 toward the inside of the spindle 14.
- the tool 18 can be fixed in pressure contact with the tapered hole 14 a of the main shaft 14.
- the draw bar 22 moves rearward due to the urging force of the disc spring 30.
- the draw bar 22 moves to a position where the guide portion 22c is locked to the locking portion 14b of the main shaft 14.
- the piston 46 moves to the front side.
- the front end portion 46 a of the piston 46 abuts on the rear end portion 22 a of the draw bar 22.
- the draw bar 22 moves to the front side.
- the collet 28 is opened.
- the pull stud portion 18c of the holder 18a is released.
- the tool 18 can be extracted from the tapered hole 14 a of the main shaft 14.
- the tool 18 can be inserted.
- a state where the piston 46 presses the draw bar 22 is referred to as an unclamped state.
- the extraction of the tool 18 and the insertion of the tool 18 can be performed in an unclamped state.
- the tool changer 94 includes a tool change arm 69.
- the tool change arm 69 is formed to be rotatable around a rotation shaft 69a.
- the tool change arm 69 rotates to hold the next tool 18 attached to the main shaft 14 at one end and the current tool 18 attached to the main shaft 14 at the other end.
- the tool 18 is held by the tool exchange arm 69 by detachably holding the flange portion 18e of the holder 18a.
- the tool change arm 69 is formed to be movable in the axial direction of the main shaft 14 as indicated by arrows 101 and 102.
- the tool change arm 69 moves forward as indicated by an arrow 101 while holding the tool 18 when the tool 18 that has been used is extracted from the spindle 14. Then, the tool change arm 69 rotates 180 ° to place the next tool 18 on the axis of the main shaft 14.
- the tool change arm 69 moves to the rear side as indicated by an arrow 102 to mount the next tool 18 on the main shaft 14.
- the tool changer is not limited to this form, and any device that can attach or detach a tool to the spindle can be adopted.
- the spindle device 10 includes a position detector 61 that detects a measurement position obtained by measuring the position of the draw bar 22 in the axial direction.
- the position detector 61 is disposed inside the bracket portion 42.
- the position detector 61 is a position sensor that can output a position signal of the draw bar 22.
- an inductive displacement sensor is used as the position detector 61.
- a dog 62 is disposed at the end of the draw bar 22. The dog 62 moves with the draw bar 22.
- the dog 62 of the present embodiment is made of metal.
- the induction displacement sensor has a printed circuit board coil inside.
- a magnetic field is generated around the coil.
- a dog made of metal enters the magnetic field, an eddy current is generated on the surface of the dog by the action of electromagnetic induction.
- the resolution of the position detector 61 of this embodiment is 1024 bits. That is, the position of the dog can be detected by the bit values from 0 bit to 1023 bits.
- the position of the draw bar 22 can be detected based on the position of the dog 62.
- the dog 62 of the present embodiment is formed in a disc shape. For this reason, the dog 62 faces the position detector 61 even at an arbitrary rotation angle after the main shaft 14 rotates. For this reason, the position detector 61 can detect the position of the draw bar 22 even after the main shaft 14 rotates. As the position detector 61, any sensor capable of detecting the position of the draw bar 22 can be used.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the spindle device showing a clamped state when the tool is mounted on the spindle and a clamped state when the tool is not mounted on the spindle.
- the draw bar 22 In a clamped state when the tool 18 is mounted on the main shaft 14, the draw bar 22 is urged rearward by the disc spring 30 as indicated by an arrow 104. The movement stops when the tapered portion 18 b of the tool 18 contacts the tapered hole 14 a of the main shaft 14. A gap is formed between the locking portion 14b and the guide portion 22c.
- the draw bar 22 moves to the rear side from the clamped state when the tool 18 is mounted on the main shaft 14.
- the draw bar 22 has a recess 22b.
- the rear end portion 22 a of the draw bar 22 is separated from the front end portion 46 a of the piston 46.
- the dog 62 attached to the draw bar 22 is disposed inside the measurement range MR of the position detector 61. For this reason, the position detector 61 can detect the position of the draw bar 22 by the dog 62.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the spindle device showing a clamped state and an unclamped state when the tool is mounted on the spindle.
- the piston 46 presses the draw bar 22 as indicated by an arrow 106.
- the dog 62 attached to the draw bar 22 is disposed outside the measurement range MR of the position detector 61.
- a dog 63 is disposed at the tip 46a of the piston 46.
- the rear end 22a of the draw bar 22 is formed so as to protrude.
- the dog 62 and the dog 63 are arranged away from each other.
- the dog 63 is formed in a disk shape from metal.
- the dog 63 moves together with the piston 46.
- the dog 63 is disposed inside the measurement range MR of the position detector 61. For this reason, the position detector 61 can detect the position of the piston 46 by detecting the position of the dog 63. Since the piston 46 is in contact with the draw bar 22, the position of the draw bar 22 can be detected.
- the position of the draw bar 22 in the unclamped state can be detected by the dog 63 disposed on the piston 46 that presses the draw bar 22.
- the position of the draw bar 22 in both the clamped state and the unclamped state can be detected by one position detector 61.
- the position of the draw bar 22 in both the clamped state and the unclamped state can be detected by a small position detector.
- the dog 63 does not need to be formed in a disk shape and may be formed at a portion facing the position detector 61. It doesn't matter.
- the machine tool 80 includes an air supply device 51 that supplies pressurized air to the inside of the tapered hole 14 a of the main shaft 14.
- the housing 12 is formed with an air flow path 12a through which air flows.
- the main shaft 14 is formed with an air flow path 14c for circulating air.
- a groove portion 12 c is formed at a portion where the air flow path 12 a contacts the main shaft 14.
- the groove portion 12 c is formed over the entire circumferential direction of the main shaft 14. For this reason, even if the main shaft 14 rotates, the groove 12c communicates with the air flow path 14c.
- the air supply device 51 can supply pressurized air to the inside of the tapered hole 14 a at an arbitrary rotation angle of the main shaft 14.
- the state in which no foreign matter is caught between the holder 18a and the main shaft 14, that is, the entire contact portion of the tool 18 is in contact with the mounting seat of the main shaft 14 is called seating.
- the fact that the outer peripheral surface of the tool 18 is in close contact with the mounting seat of the main shaft 14 is referred to as seating.
- the position of the draw bar 22 when the foreign object is caught is shifted to the front side from the position when the tool is seated on the mounting seat as indicated by an arrow 109.
- the tapered hole 14a of the main shaft 14 may include a manufacturing error.
- the holder 18a of the tool 18 may include a manufacturing error.
- the position of the draw bar 22 may deviate from a predetermined position. For example, if the shape and length of the pull stud portion 18c are deviated from the design values, the position of the draw bar 22 is also deviated from a predetermined position.
- the position in the axial direction of 22 is measured in advance. That is, the position of the draw bar 22 when the tool 18 is seated in the tapered hole 14a is measured.
- the position in the axial direction of the draw bar 22 in a normal state in which the influence of foreign matter is eliminated is referred to as a reference position.
- the axial position of the draw bar 22 when the tool 18 is seated on the mounting seat of the main shaft 14 corresponds to the reference position.
- This reference position can be measured using a machine tool 80 that actually performs machining.
- the surface of the tapered hole 14a that becomes the surface of the mounting seat of the main shaft 14 is cleaned. Further, the surface of the holder 18a that becomes the contact surface of the tool 18 is cleaned.
- the tool 18 is mounted on the main shaft 14 to be in a clamped state.
- the position detector 61 can measure the reference position of the draw bar 22.
- the reference position can be individually measured for each tool 18.
- a reference position can be set for each tool. Also, the reference position can be measured in advance even in a clamped state and an unclamped state when no tool is mounted.
- Table 1 shows the results of measuring the reference positions for a plurality of tools.
- the reference position of the tool 18 from the tool number T0001 to the tool number Tnnnn is shown.
- the position of the draw bar 22 is indicated by a bit, and the value becomes larger toward the rear side of the spindle device.
- the position is detected by the dog 62 in the clamped state. In the unclamped state, the position is detected by the dog 63.
- reference position information is included in reference data 79 for each tool 18.
- the control device 82 includes a storage unit 85 that stores the position of the draw bar 22.
- the reference data 79 is input and stored in the storage unit 85.
- a measurement process is performed to measure the measurement position in the axial direction of the draw bar 22 when the tool 18 used by the tool changer 94 is attached to the main shaft 14. To do.
- the position of the draw bar 22 actually measured with the tool 18 to be evaluated attached is referred to as a measurement position. Then, when the difference between the measurement position and the reference position exceeds a predetermined determination range, a determination step is performed to determine that the tool mounting state is abnormal.
- the determination unit 86 includes a seating determination unit 87 that determines whether or not the tool is seated. When foreign matter is caught between the tool 18 and the main shaft 14, the tool 18 is not seated in the tapered hole 14 a of the main shaft 14.
- the determination unit 86 includes a tool mounting determination unit 88 that determines whether or not the tool 18 is mounted in the tapered hole 14 a of the main shaft 14.
- the determination unit 86 includes an unclamp determination unit 89 that determines whether or not the tool can be attached and detached in the unclamped state.
- FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of control of the tool mounting evaluation method in the present embodiment.
- the control shown in FIG. 5 can be performed when a tool change command is transmitted.
- the numerical controller 83 sends a tool change command to the machine controller 84.
- the numerical controller 83 sends a feed command to the moving device 93.
- the moving device 93 moves the spindle device 10 to a position where the current tool can be held by the tool changing arm 69.
- the tool changer control unit 90 of the machine control unit 84 drives the tool changer 94.
- the tool changer 94 moves to a position where the next tool 18 can be held by the tool changer arm 69.
- step 123 the tool change arm 69 holds the current tool 18 and the next tool 18 to be used. Two tools can be held by rotating the tool change arm 69.
- step 124 the spindle device control unit 91 drives the hydraulic device 50 to place the spindle device 10 in an unclamped state (see the unclamped state in FIG. 4).
- the unclamp determination unit 89 determines whether or not a state where the tool 18 can be pulled out and inserted is achieved. That is, the unclamp determination unit 89 determines whether or not the current tool is released.
- the position detection unit 92 detects the measurement position of the draw bar 22. Referring to Table 1, when the measurement position of the draw bar 22 is within a predetermined error range with respect to the reference position of the draw bar 22 in the unclamped state, it can be determined that the tool is released. it can. If the holding of the tool 18 is not released in step 125, the process returns to step 124 and the unclamping operation of the spindle device 10 is repeated. When the holding of the tool 18 is released at step 125, the routine proceeds to step 126.
- step 126 the tool changer 94 drives the tool changer arm 69 and attaches the tool 18 to be used next to the tapered hole 14 a of the main shaft 14.
- Step 127 the spindle device control unit 91 drives the hydraulic device 50 to place the spindle device 10 in a clamped state. That is, the clamped state when the tool shown in FIG.
- the tool 46 is fixed to the main shaft 14 by moving the piston 46 rearward and pulling the holder 18 a rearward by the draw bar 22.
- step 1208 after the movement of the draw bar 22 is completed, the position detector 92 detects the measurement position of the draw bar 22 based on the position signal from the position detector 61. Then, the position detection unit 92 sends the measurement position of the draw bar 22 to the determination unit 86.
- step 129 the tool mounting determination unit 88 determines whether or not the tool 18 is mounted on the spindle 14. In this step, it is assumed that the insertion of the tool 18 into the tapered hole 14a of the main shaft 14 fails and the tool 18 is not mounted in the tapered hole 14a.
- the tool mounting determination unit 88 can determine whether or not a tool is mounted based on the reference position and the measurement position of the draw bar 22. For example, the tool mounting determination unit 88 compares the reference position in the clamped state when the tool 18 is mounted with the measurement position. And the tool mounting
- predetermined amount for example, 1 mm
- step 130 an alarm is issued.
- the machine tool 80 includes a display unit that displays information related to machining.
- the control device 82 displays an alarm on this display unit.
- an alarm for example, a display notifying the operator that the installation of the tool has failed can be performed, and the subsequent operation of the machine tool can be stopped. If it is determined in step 129 that the tool is mounted, the process proceeds to step 131.
- the seating determination unit 87 of the determination unit 86 determines whether or not the position error of the measurement position with respect to the reference position is within a predetermined determination range. For example, it is determined whether or not the absolute value of the difference between the reference position and the measurement position is equal to or less than a predetermined determination value (for example, 2 bits). When the position error is within a predetermined determination range, it can be determined that no foreign matter is caught. In this case, this control is terminated. On the other hand, when the position error exceeds the predetermined determination range, the process proceeds to step 132.
- step 132 the tool changer 94 performs a back-and-forth operation for putting in and out the next tool 18 mounted on the spindle 14.
- the spindle device controller 91 drives the air supply device 51 to supply air (cleaning air) between the tapered portion 18 b of the holder 18 a and the tapered hole 14 a of the spindle 14.
- air cleaning air
- the spindle device controller 91 drives the air supply device 51 to supply air (cleaning air) between the tapered portion 18 b of the holder 18 a and the tapered hole 14 a of the spindle 14.
- air supplied from the air supply device 51 is released through this gap.
- the spindle device 10 can perform the cleaning operation to remove the foreign matters.
- step 133 the number of executions of the front / rear operation of the tool 18 from / into the spindle 14 is stored.
- step 134 it is determined whether or not the number of executions of the front-rear operation has reached a predetermined number determination value. That is, even if the tool 18 is moved back and forth and the cleaning air is ejected a plurality of times, if the position error exceeds the determination range, the cleaning operation is stopped. In this case, the routine proceeds to step 135. In step 135, an alarm is issued.
- the control device 82 can perform a display notifying the operator that a foreign object has been caught in the display unit.
- step 134 when the number of times of the front / rear operation is less than a predetermined number determination value, the process returns to step 128 again. Then, the measurement position of the draw bar 22 is detected, and it is confirmed whether or not the position error of the measurement position with respect to the reference position is within the determination range.
- the tool evaluation method and machine tool of the present embodiment set respective reference positions for the tool, and evaluate the mounting state of the tool based on the error of the measurement position with respect to the reference position. For this reason, it can be determined whether or not the tool is mounted on the spindle in a correct state. In particular, the influence of manufacturing errors of the tool 18 and the spindle 14 can be eliminated, and the presence or absence of foreign matter can be accurately evaluated.
- the reference position for each tool is measured using the machine tool 80 that actually performs machining.
- the method for setting the reference position is not limited to this form, and can be set by a tool mounting device that simulates a machine tool.
- the tool mounting apparatus is referred to as a tool presetter.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the tool mounting apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the tool mounting device 67 is disposed on the installation table 70.
- the tool mounting device 67 includes a housing 71 and a rotating member 73 disposed inside the housing 71.
- the rotating member 73 corresponds to the main shaft 14 of the machine tool.
- the rotating member 73 is rotatably supported via bearings 72a and 72b.
- a draw bar 75 is disposed inside the rotating member 73.
- a collet 76 is connected to one end of the draw bar 75.
- a piston 74 is connected to the other end of the draw bar 75.
- the piston 74 is formed to move by a hydraulic device.
- the tool mounting device 67 can measure the tool diameter D and the tool length L of the processing member 18d such as an end mill.
- the tool diameter D can be measured by pressing the probe 68 against the workpiece 18d as indicated by an arrow 107.
- the tool length L can be measured by pressing the probe 68 against the end face of the processed member 18d as indicated by an arrow 108.
- a disc-shaped dog 77 is disposed on the draw bar 75.
- a position detector 61 is disposed inside the rotating member 73 so as to face the dog 77.
- the position detector 61 outputs a position signal of the draw bar 75 in the axial direction.
- the tool mounting device 67 includes a control device. The output signal of the position detector 61 is transmitted to the control device.
- the control device calculates the position of the draw bar 75.
- a tapered hole 73 a is formed at the end of the rotating member 73.
- the tapered hole 73a preferably has the same shape as the tapered hole 14a of the main spindle 14 of the actual machine tool 80.
- the collet 76 and the like preferably have the same shape as the collet 76 of the actual machine tool 80.
- the position detector 61 measures the position of the draw bar 75 when the tool 18 is mounted in the tapered hole 73a and is clamped. This position is a position corresponding to the reference position of the tool.
- Dimensional difference between the tool mounting device 67 and the actual spindle device 10 can be measured in advance. Then, by adding or subtracting the dimensional difference to the position measured by the tool mounting device 67, the reference position of the clamped state when the tool 18 is mounted on the spindle 14 can be calculated.
- the reference position can be set in advance even in a place where the machine tool 80 is not present.
- the tool mounting device simulating a machine tool is not limited to the above-described form, and a tool mounting device having an arbitrary structure can be employed.
- the tapered hole of the spindle serves as a mounting seat to hold the tool. That is, the tool is constrained to the main shaft on one surface, but is not limited to this form, and the tool may be constrained to the main shaft on multiple surfaces.
- a spindle device is known in which a tool is restrained by a tapered hole of the spindle by pulling the tool with a draw bar, and the flange portion of the holder of the tool is brought into contact with the end face of the spindle.
- there is an HSK shank there is an HSK shank.
- the present invention can also be applied to such a spindle device that restrains the tool by two surfaces of the surface of the tapered hole and the end face of the spindle.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
14 主軸
14a テーパ穴
18 工具
18a ホルダ
18b テーパ部
22 ドローバー
44 シリンダ
50 油圧装置
61 位置検出器
62,63 ドッグ
67 工具装着装置
79 基準データ
80 工作機械
82 制御装置
85 記憶部
86 判定部
87 着座判定部
92 位置検出部
Claims (5)
- 工作機械の主軸に内蔵されたドローバーにより工具を引き込んで主軸に装着する時の工具装着評価方法であって、
主軸の取付け座の表面および工具の接触面の異物を除去した状態で、工具が前記取付け座に接触した時のドローバーの軸線方向の位置を基準位置として記憶する記憶工程と、
主軸に工具を装着した時のドローバーの軸線方向の位置を測定位置として測定する測定工程と、
基準位置に対する測定位置の誤差が予め定められた判定範囲を超える場合に、工具の装着状態が異常であると判定する判定工程とを含むことを特徴とした、工具装着評価方法。 - 前記記憶工程は、工作機械を用いて基準位置を測定する工程、または工作機械を模擬した工具装着装置を用いて基準位置を測定する工程を含む、請求項1に記載の工具装着評価方法。
- 前記測定工程は、誘導型変位センサにて測定位置を測定する、請求項1に記載の工具装着評価方法。
- ドローバーの軸線方向の測定位置を検出するためのドッグをドローバーおよびドローバーを押圧するピストンに配置し、
前記測定工程は、工具を主軸に装着した時の測定位置および工具を主軸に装着しないでドローバーを引き込んだ時の測定位置を、ドローバーに配置されたドッグにより検出し、工具を解放した時の測定位置を、前記ピストンに配置されたドッグにより検出する、請求項1に記載の工具装着評価方法。 - 工具を主軸に内蔵されたドローバーにより引き込んで主軸に装着する主軸装置と、
ドローバーの軸線方向の位置を検出する位置検出器と、
工作機械を制御する制御装置とを備え、
制御装置は、ドローバーの位置を工具と対応させて記憶する記憶部および主軸に工具を装着した時に検出したドローバーの軸線方向の測定位置に基づいて工具の装着状態を判定する判定部を含み、
記憶部は、主軸の取付け座の表面および工具の接触面の異物を除去した状態で、工具が前記取付け座に接触した時に検出したドローバーの軸線方向の位置を基準位置として記憶しており、
判定部は、基準位置に対する測定位置の誤差が予め定められた判定範囲を超える場合に、工具の装着状態が異常であると判定することを特徴とした、工作機械。
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US15/551,647 US10239176B2 (en) | 2015-03-02 | 2015-03-02 | Method for evaluating tool installation, and machine tool |
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