WO2016135906A1 - 光加工ヘッド、光加工装置および光加工方法 - Google Patents
光加工ヘッド、光加工装置および光加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016135906A1 WO2016135906A1 PCT/JP2015/055483 JP2015055483W WO2016135906A1 WO 2016135906 A1 WO2016135906 A1 WO 2016135906A1 JP 2015055483 W JP2015055483 W JP 2015055483W WO 2016135906 A1 WO2016135906 A1 WO 2016135906A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0648—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
- B23K26/0736—Shaping the laser spot into an oval shape, e.g. elliptic shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/144—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical processing head, an optical processing apparatus, and an optical processing method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a laser processing apparatus provided with a preheating secondary laser in order to suppress thermal stress during processing and improve modeling accuracy.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for solving the above-described problems.
- an optical processing head comprises: An optical processing head that processes an optical spot formed by condensing light from a light source while moving it in a predetermined movement direction on a processing surface, A first optical element that condenses light from the light source and generates the optical spot having a shape extending in the moving direction; A part of the optical spot is a processing region, The front and / or rear of the processing region in the moving direction is defined as a preheating region and / or a postheating region, and the processing object before and / or after processing in that region is heated.
- an optical processing apparatus comprises: The optical processing head includes: a light source; and an optical transmission unit configured to transmit light emitted from the light source to the optical processing head.
- the method according to the present invention comprises: A method of controlling an optical processing head for processing an optical spot formed by condensing light from a light source while moving on a processing surface,
- the optical processing head includes an optical element that collects light from the light source and generates the optical spot having a shape extending in one direction, A part of the optical spot is used as a processing region, and the front and / or rear of the processing region in the moving direction is used as a preheating region and / or a postheating region, and a processing object before and / or after processing of the region is heated. Therefore, the method includes a turning step of turning the optical element in accordance with the moving direction of the optical spot.
- a program provides: A control program for an optical processing head that processes an optical spot formed by condensing light from a light source while moving on the processing surface,
- the optical processing head includes an optical element that collects light from the light source and generates the optical spot having a shape extending in one direction, Depending on the moving direction of the optical spot, a part of the optical spot is used as a processing area, and the processing object before or after processing is heated using the front or rear of the processing area as a preheating area or a postheating area. And causing the computer to execute a rotation step of rotating the optical element.
- the apparatus can be miniaturized while improving the accuracy of optical processing.
- cylindrical lens refers to a lens having a cylindrical side surface.
- toric lens refers to a lens having a side surface of a curved cylinder as a cylinder obtained by bending a right cylinder, that is, a cylinder having a bent central axis.
- optical processing head (Optical Processing Head) as a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- This optical processing head processes an optical spot formed by condensing light from a light source while moving the processing surface and the optical processing head relatively in a predetermined moving direction on the processing surface. 100 and includes an optical element 101.
- the optical element 101 condenses the light 110 from the light source to generate an optical spot 130 having a shape extending in the moving direction 120.
- a part of the optical spot 130 is defined as a processing region 131, and the front and / or back of the processing region 131 in the moving direction is defined as a preheat region 132 and / or a post heat region 133, and a processing target before and / or after processing in that region.
- the object 140 is heated.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration of the optical processing head 200.
- the optical processing head 200 includes a condensing optical system device 201, an observation device 202, and a nozzle 203.
- the light beam 205 guided from the light source (not shown) through the light transmission unit 220 to the optical processing head 200 from the incident end 212 passes through the optical processing head 200 and is emitted to the processing surface 260.
- the condensing optical system device 201 is also supplied with a processing material and a gas from a material supply device and a gas supply device (not shown) via a material supply unit 250 and a gas supply unit 240, and mixed with the gas. Is ejected from the nozzle 203 to the processing surface 260.
- the material may be, for example, metal powder or resin powder.
- the particle size is, for example, 0.001 to 1 mm.
- the material is injected so as to converge toward the processing region 231. At this time, the convergence region of the material on the processed surface 260 is called a powder spot.
- the optical processing head 200 forms a molten pool by absorbing light emitted on the processing surface 260 and heats it, and injects material from the nozzle 203 toward it to deposit the material.
- the processing area 231 is an area where the material lands on the molten pool, that is, a powder spot.
- the position of the processing region 231 is moved on the processing surface 260 to perform processing of a desired shape.
- the front in the movement direction becomes the preheat area 232 and the rear in the movement direction becomes the postheat area 233.
- Preheating raises the temperature of the machining area in advance and suppresses a rapid temperature rise in the machining area. Thereby, the thermal stress caused by rapid temperature rise can be reduced, warpage and deformation during processing can be reduced, and processing accuracy can be improved.
- post-heating warms the processing area after processing and suppresses rapid cooling.
- the thermal stress caused by rapid temperature drop can be reduced, warpage and deformation during processing can be reduced, and processing accuracy can be improved.
- the observation apparatus 202 is an apparatus for observing the processing status by the condensing optical system apparatus 201, and includes an imaging apparatus 221 including an imaging element such as a CCD or a CMOS. Light from the processing surface 260 is guided to the imaging device 221 by a half-transparent mirror 222 provided inside the condensing optical system device 201.
- the machining accuracy can be improved by feedback-controlling the machining parameters according to the machining situation observed in this way.
- Light 205 from the light source is converted into parallel light 210 by a lens 206 provided in the optical processing head 201.
- the optical element is not limited to a lens, and any optical element that converts into parallel light 210 may be used.
- a parabolic mirror may be used.
- the optical processing head 200 includes a cylindrical lens 211 as an example of an optical element that collects the parallel light 210 and generates an optical spot 230 having a shape extending in the moving direction 220.
- the lens has less loss and better energy efficiency than other types of optical elements. Further, by applying an antireflection film on both surfaces of the lens, the light reflection loss can be reduced to several percent or less, and the energy efficiency can be further improved.
- the lens has a small absorption loss, it is difficult to raise the temperature, and the thermal lens effect (change in the refractive index of the lens and the change in the lens shape due to heat) and deterioration of the entire optical processing head 200 can be prevented.
- the parallel light 210 is incident on the optical element 211, so that the light condensing performance can be improved, and high-definition processing is possible.
- Etendue's theory if the width of the condensing spot in the condensing direction is A and the slight inclination from the optical axis of the parallel light 210 (that is, deviation from parallel) is ⁇ , It becomes. That is, A becomes thinner as ⁇ becomes smaller. As a result, there is an effect that the more light rays incident on the optical element 211 are parallel light, the higher the light collecting performance.
- the cylindrical lens 211 converts the parallel light 210 into an elliptical optical spot 230 on the processing surface 260.
- the optical spot 230 is not limited to an ellipse, and may have any shape as long as it extends along the moving direction of the processing region (elongated shape).
- a toric lens may be used in place of the cylindrical lens 211.
- a difference in light intensity can be provided in the light condensing region, so that the preheat temperature or the postheat temperature can be adjusted independently.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram in which only the cylindrical lens unit 300 is taken out in order to explain the peripheral structure of the cylindrical lens 211 and its operation in detail.
- the cylindrical lens unit 300 is incorporated in the optical processing head 200.
- the cylindrical lens 211 is held between two guides 302 and 303, and these guides 302 and 303 are fixed to the cylindrical portion 301.
- the parallel light 210 that has passed through the cylindrical lens 211 is refracted toward a plane that passes through the center line 304 of the cylindrical lens 211 and is parallel to the parallel light 210 as shown in the right figure. Tie spots).
- the optical spot has an elliptical shape. That is, by directing the central axis 304 in the moving direction of the optical spot on the processing surface, the optical spot 230 becomes an elliptical shape having a long axis in the moving direction.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the rotation of the cylindrical lens 211.
- the cylindrical lens unit 300 rotates in the direction of arrow 402 about the optical axis 401.
- the cylindrical lens unit 300 is adjusted in accordance with the change in the movement direction. Rotate. That is, by rotating the cylindrical lens 211 in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis 401 of the parallel light 210, the direction of the optical spot 230 can be changed following the change in the moving direction. That is, the positions of the preheat region 232 and the postheat region 233 can be made to follow the moving direction.
- the cylindrical lens unit 300 can be rotated by using, for example, a motor and a gear.
- the entire apparatus can be reduced in size.
- the downsizing can reduce the number of parts, reduce the cost, and shorten the lead time for manufacturing the apparatus.
- the position of preheating and postheating can be changed in accordance with the moving direction of the processing area on the processing surface, and high-quality processing can be realized.
- the cylindrical lens 211 is used as an example of an optical element.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a toric lens can be used instead.
- the heat distribution in the processing region 231, the preheat region 232, and the postheat region 233 can be adjusted. For example, it becomes possible to generate more heat with respect to the processing region 231.
- FIG. 5 is a transparent perspective view for explaining the internal configuration of the optical processing head 500 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view for explaining the configuration and operation of the cylindrical lens unit 600 according to the present embodiment. It is a perspective view.
- the optical processing head 500 according to the present embodiment is disposed closer to the light source than the cylindrical lens 511, and a transparent plate 505 that transmits the parallel light 210 incident on the cylindrical lens 511, and parallel light.
- the transparent plate 505 is provided with antireflection films for the parallel light 210 on both sides. As shown in FIG. 5, the transparent plate 505 can be arranged so that the normal direction of the transmission surface of the transparent plate 505 matches the direction of the parallel light 210. In this case, although the reflection loss due to the transparent plate 505 is 1 to 2%, the optical spot is not affected.
- the transparent plate 505 has a rotation shaft 651 perpendicular to a plane including the center line 604 of the cylindrical lens 511 and the optical axis 401 of the parallel light 210, and rotates about the rotation shaft 651.
- the optical spot 531 is a powder spot, that is, a processing region 231.
- the preheat region 232 and the postheat region 233 can be generated simultaneously.
- the transparent plate 505 rotates around the rotation shaft 651 counterclockwise in the drawing, and the position in which the front in the movement direction is upward (the state in FIG. 5 and a predetermined angle).
- the optical spot 632 includes a powder spot, that is, a processed region 231 at the rear end. At this time, only the preheat region 232 can be provided large.
- the optical spot 633 includes a powder spot, that is, a processed region 231 at its front end. At this time, only the post heat region 233 can be provided larger.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged perspective view for explaining the configuration and the operation of the cylindrical lens unit 700 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining the operation of the cylindrical lens unit 700.
- the optical processing head according to this embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that a transparent plate 705 that transmits parallel light 210 incident on the cylindrical lens 711 is provided closer to the light source than the cylindrical lens 711. Furthermore, in this embodiment, in order to refract the parallel light 210, it also has an inclined portion (not shown) that changes the angle formed by the parallel light 210 and the transparent plate 705. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those of the second embodiment, the same configurations and operations are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the transparent plate 705 of the present embodiment also rotates in the same manner as the transparent plate 505 of the third embodiment, but the direction is different.
- the transparent plate 705 rotates around a rotation shaft 751 parallel to the center line 704 of the cylindrical lens 711.
- the transparent plate 705 rotates around the rotation shaft 751 and the right side in the movement direction (the front side in the drawing) is located upward (the state in FIG. 5 and a predetermined angle (for example, The optical spot 731 moves to a direction 721 perpendicular to the moving direction 220, that is, the front side in the figure.
- the transparent plate 705 rotates around the rotation shaft 751 and the position where the left side in the movement direction (the back side in the drawing) is upward (the state shown in FIG.
- the optical spot 731 is at an angle (for example, a position that forms ⁇ 10 degrees)
- the optical spot 731 moves in a direction 722 that forms a right angle with the moving direction 220, that is, in the back in the figure.
- the position of the processing area can be finely adjusted in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction 220.
- the processing region moves while drawing a curve, it is possible to select whether to process from the inside of the curve or from the outside.
- the cylindrical lens 711 is slid in a direction 801 orthogonal to the moving direction in accordance with the change in the angle of the transparent plate 705. That is, the guides 702 and 703 shown in FIG. 7 support the cylindrical lens 711 so as to be slidable.
- preheating or postheating can be performed during processing, or they can be performed simultaneously, and the position of the processing region can be finely adjusted separately from the moving direction. This improves the processing quality and accuracy.
- FIG. 9A is a transparent perspective view for explaining the configuration of the optical processing head 900 according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 9B is a top view for explaining a configuration for realizing replacement of the cylindrical lens unit.
- the optical processing head 900 has a plurality of different types of cylindrical lens units and a mechanism for exchanging those cylindrical lens units as compared with the second embodiment. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those of the second embodiment, the same configurations and operations are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the cylindrical lens 901 has the same configuration as the cylindrical lenses 211, 511, and 711 of the second to fourth embodiments, and is provided in the optical processing head 900.
- the cylindrical lens 902 can be moved to the outside of the optical processing head 900 by a rotation mechanism 905.
- the cylindrical lens 903 is also fixed to the same rotation mechanism 905, and the cylindrical lenses 902 and 903 can be exchanged.
- a cylindrical portion 940 not provided with a cylindrical lens is fixed to the rotation mechanism 905. That is, the cylindrical lens units 920 and 930 provided with the cylindrical lenses 902 and 903 can be replaced with the cylindrical portion 940 provided with no cylindrical lenses.
- the cylindrical lens 901 converts parallel light into an elliptical optical spot on the processing surface, but the aspect ratio of the ellipse can be reduced by combining with the cylindrical lens 902 having a center line in a different direction. it can. Furthermore, the reduction ratio of the aspect ratio can be adjusted by combining cylindrical lenses 903 having different curvatures. The minimum aspect ratio is 1. At this time, the optical spot is a circle.
- a transparent plate may be provided upstream of the cylindrical lens 901. If the transparent plate is held by the tilt mechanism and the tilt mechanism is held by the rotation mechanism, the position of the optical spot and the ratio of the preheat and the postheat can be freely adjusted as in the third and fourth embodiments. It becomes possible.
- the optical spot can be changed to a circular shape or an elliptical shape, and the optical spot can be selectively selected according to processing. This selectivity makes it possible to optimize machining and improve machining accuracy.
- the optical processing apparatus 1000 includes any of the optical processing heads 100, 200, 500, and 900 described in the above-described embodiments, and melts a material with heat generated by the collected light (three-dimensional structure ( Or it is an apparatus which produces
- an optical processing apparatus 1000 including the optical processing head 200 will be described.
- the optical processing apparatus 1000 includes a light source 1001, an optical transmission unit 215, a refrigerant supply device 1003, a refrigerant supply unit 1004, a stage 1005, a material storage device 1006, a material supply unit 250, a gas supply device 1008, and a gas.
- a supply unit 240 is provided.
- the light source 100 for example, a laser light source, an LED, a halogen lamp, or a xenon lamp can be used.
- the wavelength of the light beam is, for example, 1060 nm.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and any light can be used as long as it is absorbed by the processing surface 260.
- the optical transmission unit 215 is, for example, an optical fiber having a core diameter of ⁇ 0.01 to 1 m, and guides light generated by the light source 1001 to the optical processing head 200.
- the core diameter of the optical transmission unit 215 becomes the diameter of the incident end 212.
- the refrigerant supply device 1003 stores, for example, water as a refrigerant, and supplies the refrigerant to the refrigerant supply unit 1004 with a pump.
- the refrigerant supply unit 1004 is a resin or metal hose having an inner diameter ⁇ 2 to 6.
- the coolant is supplied into the optical processing head 200, circulated inside the optical processing head 200, and returned to the coolant supply device 1003, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the optical processing head 200.
- the supply amount of the refrigerant is, for example, 1 to 10 L / min.
- Stage 1005 is an X stage, an XY stage, or an XYZ stage. Each axis of XYX can be driven.
- the material container 1006 supplies a carrier gas containing a material to the optical processing head 200 via the material supply unit 230.
- the material is particles such as metal particles and resin particles.
- the carrier gas is an inert gas, and may be, for example, argon gas, nitrogen gas, or helium gas.
- the material supply unit 250 is, for example, a resin or metal hose, and guides the powder flow in which the material is mixed into the carrier gas to the optical processing head. However, when the material is a wire, no carrier gas is required.
- the gas supply device 1008 supplies purge gas to the optical processing head 200 via the gas supply unit 240.
- the purge gas is, for example, nitrogen, argon, or helium. However, the purge gas is not limited to this, and may be another gas as long as it is an inert gas.
- the purge gas supplied to the optical processing head 200 is ejected from the tip of the nozzle 203 along the light beam described above.
- the optical processing apparatus 1000 may include an attitude control mechanism and a position control mechanism for controlling the attitude and position of the optical processing head 200.
- the attitude and position of the optical processing head 200 are determined. Change the machining area on the machining surface.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the processing region on the processing surface may be moved by changing the posture and position of the stage 1005 while fixing the optical processing head 200.
- the modeled object 1010 is created on the stage 1005.
- the emitted light emitted from the optical processing head 200 is collected on the processed surface 260 on the modeled object 1010.
- the processing surface 260 is heated by melting and melted to form a molten pool in part.
- Material is injected from the nozzle 203 into the molten pool on the work surface 260.
- the material then melts into the molten pool. Thereafter, the molten pool is cooled and solidified, so that material is deposited on the processed surface 260 and three-dimensional modeling is realized.
- the purge gas is injected from the nozzle 203 to the processing surface 260. Therefore, the surrounding environment of the molten pool is purged with the purge gas. By selecting an inert gas that does not contain oxygen as the purge gas, oxidation of the processed surface 260 can be prevented.
- the optical processing head 200 is cooled by the refrigerant supplied from the refrigerant supply device 1003 via the refrigerant supply unit 1004, and temperature rise during processing is suppressed.
- the optical processing head 200 is moved along the processing surface 260, so that desired modeling can be performed while depositing materials. That is, overlay welding or three-dimensional modeling can be created by this apparatus.
- a program installed in the computer a medium storing the program, and a WWW (World Wide Web) server that downloads the program are also included in the scope of the present invention.
- a non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the processing steps included in the above-described embodiments is included in the scope of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
光源からの光を集光させることにより形成された光学スポットを加工面上において所定の移動方向に移動させつつ加工する光加工ヘッドであって、
前記光源からの光を集光させて、前記移動方向に伸長した形状の前記光学スポットを生成する第1光学素子を備え、
前記光学スポットの一部を加工領域とし、
前記加工領域の移動方向前方および/または後方をプレヒート領域および/またはポストヒート領域として、その領域における加工前および/または加工後の加工対象物を加熱することを特徴とする。
上記光加工ヘッドと、光源と、光源から射出された光を前記光加工ヘッドに伝送する光伝送部と、を備えたことを特徴とする。
光源からの光を集光させて形成された光学スポットを加工面上において移動させつつ加工する光加工ヘッドの制御方法であって、
前記光加工ヘッドは、前記光源からの光を集光させて、一方向に伸長した形状の前記光学スポットを生成する光学素子を備え、
前記光学スポットの一部を加工領域とし、前記加工領域の移動方向前方および/または後方をプレヒート領域および/またはポストヒート領域として、その領域の加工前および/または加工後の加工対象物を加熱するため、前記光学スポットの移動方向に応じて、前記光学素子を回動させる回動ステップを含むことを特徴とする。
光源からの光を集光させることにより形成された光学スポットを加工面上において移動させつつ加工する光加工ヘッドの制御プログラムであって、
前記光加工ヘッドは、前記光源からの光を集光させて、一方向に伸長した形状の前記光学スポットを生成する光学素子を備え、
前記光学スポットの一部を加工領域とし、前記加工領域の移動方向前方または後方をプレヒート領域またはポストヒート領域として加工前または加工後の加工対象物を加熱するため、前記光学スポットの移動方向に応じて、前記光学素子を回動させる回動ステップをコンピュータに実行させることを特徴とする。
本発明の第1実施形態としての光加工ヘッド(Optical Processing Head)について、図1を用いて説明する。この光加工ヘッドは、光源からの光を集光させることにより形成された光学スポットを加工面上において、加工面と光加工ヘッドを相対的に所定の移動方向に移動させつつ加工する光加工ヘッド100であり、光学素子(Optical Element)101を含む。
[第2実施形態]
本発明の第2実施形態としての光加工ヘッド200について、図2を用いて説明する。図2は、光加工ヘッド200の内部構成を示すための図であり、図2に示すとおり、光加工ヘッド200は、集光光学系装置201と観察装置202とノズル203とを含む。
光源からの光205は、光加工ヘッド201内に設けられたレンズ206によって平行光210に変換される。ただし、レンズに限らず、平行光210に変換する光学素子ならば何でもよい。例えば、放物線ミラーなどでもよい。光加工ヘッド200は、平行光210を集光させて、移動方向220に伸長した形状の光学スポット230を生成する光学素子の一例としてシリンドリカルレンズ211を備えている。レンズは、他の種類の光学素子に比べてロスが小さく、エネルギー効率がよい。また、レンズの両面に反射防止膜を塗布することにより、光の反射ロスを数%以下に低減でき、さらにエネルギー効率を向上させることもできる。さらに、レンズは吸収ロスが少ないので昇温しにくく、昇温による熱レンズ効果(熱によるレンズの屈折率変化、レンズ形状の変化)および光加工ヘッド200全体の劣化を防ぐことができる。このように、光学素子211に平行光210が入射されることにより、集光性能を高めることができ、高精細な加工が可能となる。エタンデュの理論により、集光スポットの集光方向の幅をAとし、平行光210の光軸からの僅かな傾き(つまり平行からのずれ)をδとすると、
となる。つまり、δが小さいほどAも細くなる。これより、光学素子211に入射される光線が平行光であればあるほど、集光性能が高まるという効果がある。
次に本発明の第3実施形態に係る光加工ヘッド500について、図5および図6を用いて説明する。図5は、本実施形態に係る光加工ヘッド500の内部構成を説明するための透過斜視図である図6は、本実施形態に係るシリンドリカルレンズユニット600の構成とその作用を説明するための拡大斜視図である。本実施形態に係る光加工ヘッド500は、上記第2実施形態と比べると、シリンドリカルレンズ511よりも光源側に配置され、シリンドリカルレンズ511に入射する平行光210を透過させる透明板505と、平行光210を屈折させるため、平行光210と透明板505とのなす角度を変化させる不図示の傾斜部とを有する点で異なる。その他の構成および動作は、第2実施形態と同様であるため、同じ構成および動作については同じ符号を付してその詳しい説明を省略する。
次に本発明の第4実施形態に係る光加工ヘッドについて、図7および図8を用いて説明する。図7は、本実施形態に係るシリンドリカルレンズユニット700の構成とその作用を説明するための拡大斜視図である。図8は、シリンドリカルレンズユニット700の動作を説明するための模式図である。本実施形態に係る光加工ヘッドは、上記第2実施形態と比べると、シリンドリカルレンズ711よりも光源側に、シリンドリカルレンズ711に入射する平行光210を透過させる透明板705を有する点で異なる。さらに、本実施形態では、平行光210を屈折させるため、平行光210と透明板705とのなす角度を変化させる不図示の傾斜部も有している。その他の構成および動作は、第2実施形態と同様であるため、同じ構成および動作については同じ符号を付してその詳しい説明を省略する。
次に本発明の第5実施形態に係る光加工ヘッドについて、図9Aおよび図9Bを用いて説明する。図9Aは、本実施形態に係る光加工ヘッド900の構成を説明するための透過斜視図である。図9Bは、シリンドリカルレンズユニットの交換を実現する構成を説明するための上面図である。
本発明の第6実施形態としての光加工装置(Optical Machining apparatus)1000について、図10を用いて説明する。光加工装置1000は、上述の実施形態で説明した光加工ヘッド100、200、500、900のいずれかを含み、集光した光が生み出す熱で材料を溶融することにより三次元的な造形物(あるいは肉盛溶接)を生成する装置である。ここでは一例として、光加工ヘッド200を備えた光加工装置1000について説明する。
光加工装置1000は、光加工ヘッド200以外に光源1001、光伝送部215、冷媒供給装置1003、冷媒供給部1004、ステージ1005、材料収容装置1006、材料供給部250、ガス供給装置1008、およびガス供給部240を備えている。
次に、光加工装置1000の動作について説明する。造形物1010は、ステージ1005の上で作成される。光加工ヘッド200から射出される射出光は、造形物1010上の加工面260において集光される。加工面260は、集光によって昇温され、溶融され、一部に溶融プールを形成する。
以上、実施形態を参照して本願発明を説明したが、本願発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではない。本願発明の構成や詳細には、本願発明の範疇で当業者が理解し得る様々な変更をすることができる。また、それぞれの実施形態に含まれる別々の特徴を如何様に組み合わせたシステムまたは装置も、本発明の範疇に含まれる。さらに、本発明は、実施形態の機能を実現する制御プログラムが、システムあるいは装置に直接あるいは遠隔から供給される場合にも適用可能である。したがって、本発明の機能をコンピュータで実現するために、コンピュータにインストールされるプログラム、あるいはそのプログラムを格納した媒体、そのプログラムをダウンロードさせるWWW(World Wide Web)サーバも、本発明の範疇に含まれる。特に、少なくとも、上述した実施形態に含まれる処理ステップをコンピュータに実行させるプログラムを格納した非一時的コンピュータ可読媒体(non-transitory computer readable medium)は本発明の範疇に含まれる。
Claims (10)
- 光源からの光を集光させることにより形成された光学スポットを加工面上において所定の移動方向に移動させつつ加工する光加工ヘッドであって、
前記光源からの光を集光させて、前記移動方向に伸長した形状の前記光学スポットを生成する第1光学素子を備え、
前記光学スポットの一部を加工領域とし、
前記加工領域の移動方向前方および/または後方をプレヒート領域および/またはポストヒート領域として、その領域における加工前および/または加工後の加工対象物を加熱することを特徴とする光加工ヘッド。 - 前記光学スポットは、前記移動方向に長軸を有する楕円形状であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光加工ヘッド
- 前記第1光学素子は、シリンドリカルレンズまたはトーリックレンズであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の光加工ヘッド。
- 前記移動方向の変化に追従して前記光学スポットの形状を変化させるため、前記光源からの光の光軸と直角をなす平面内で前記第1光学素子を回動させる回動手段を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の光加工ヘッド。
- 前記第1光学素子よりも前記光源側に配置され、前記第1光学素子に入射する前記光源からの光を透過させる透明板と、
前記光源からの光を屈折させるため、前記光源からの光と前記透明板とのなす角度を変化させる傾斜手段と、
をさらに備えた請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の光加工ヘッド。 - 前記傾斜手段による前記透明板の角度変化に応じて、前記第1光学素子を、前記移動方向に直交する方向にスライドさせるスライド手段をさらに備えた請求項5に記載の光加工ヘッド。
- 前記第1光学素子を透過した光をさらに集光させる第2光学素子を備えた請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の光加工ヘッド。
- 請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の光加工ヘッドと、
光源と、
前記光源から射出された光を前記光加工ヘッドに伝送する光伝送部と、
を備えた光加工装置。 - 光源からの光を集光させて形成された光学スポットを加工面上において移動させつつ加工する光加工ヘッドの制御方法であって、
前記光加工ヘッドは、前記光源からの光を集光させて、一方向に伸長した形状の前記光学スポットを生成する光学素子を備え、
前記光学スポットの一部を加工領域とし、前記加工領域の移動方向前方および/または後方をプレヒート領域および/またはポストヒート領域として、その領域の加工前および/または加工後の加工対象物を加熱するため、前記光学スポットの移動方向に応じて、前記光学素子を回動させる回動ステップを含むことを特徴とする光加工ヘッドの制御方法。 - 光源からの光を集光させることにより形成された光学スポットを加工面上において移動させつつ加工する光加工ヘッドの制御プログラムであって、
前記光加工ヘッドは、前記光源からの光を集光させて、一方向に伸長した形状の前記光学スポットを生成する光学素子を備え、
前記光学スポットの一部を加工領域とし、前記加工領域の移動方向前方または後方をプレヒート領域またはポストヒート領域として加工前または加工後の加工対象物を加熱するため、前記光学スポットの移動方向に応じて、前記光学素子を回動させる回動ステップをコンピュータに実行させることを特徴とする光加工ヘッドの制御プログラム。
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JP2021004395A (ja) * | 2019-06-26 | 2021-01-14 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 積層造形装置 |
DE102022107324A1 (de) | 2022-03-29 | 2023-10-05 | Precitec Gmbh & Co. Kg | Auslenkvorrichtung für einen Laserbearbeitungskopf und Laserbearbeitungskopf mit derselben |
DE102022107324B4 (de) | 2022-03-29 | 2024-03-28 | Precitec Gmbh & Co. Kg | Laserbearbeitungskopf mit Auslenkvorrichtungen |
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EP3088165A1 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
US20160368097A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
JP6134861B2 (ja) | 2017-05-24 |
US10369661B2 (en) | 2019-08-06 |
EP3088165A4 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
EP3088165B1 (en) | 2019-08-28 |
JPWO2016135906A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
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