WO2016133170A1 - イオン交換膜 - Google Patents
イオン交換膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016133170A1 WO2016133170A1 PCT/JP2016/054753 JP2016054753W WO2016133170A1 WO 2016133170 A1 WO2016133170 A1 WO 2016133170A1 JP 2016054753 W JP2016054753 W JP 2016054753W WO 2016133170 A1 WO2016133170 A1 WO 2016133170A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- exchange membrane
- ion exchange
- polymer
- polyvinyl alcohol
- Prior art date
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- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 109
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 48
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 73
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 62
- -1 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid Chemical compound 0.000 description 41
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 33
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 27
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 26
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Inorganic materials [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical group CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethyl]-2-[[1-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]diazenyl]-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound OCCNCCNC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(=O)NCCNCCO QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940080818 propionamide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XFOZBWSTIQRFQW-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-dimethyl-prop-2-enylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XFOZBWSTIQRFQW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006295 polythiol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910016467 AlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002978 Vinylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006359 acetalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ketodiacetal Natural products O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical class CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- DHYMGRCNISTYRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-oct-7-enyl ethanethioate Chemical compound CC(=O)SCCCCCCC=C DHYMGRCNISTYRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GRONZTPUWOOUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;methanol;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].OC GRONZTPUWOOUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000000807 solvent casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYTMDOROMQJKMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-acetyloxy-3-ethenoxypropyl) acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC=C OYTMDOROMQJKMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAYAKLSFVAPMEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxydodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC=C LAYAKLSFVAPMEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJJDJWUCRAPCOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxyoctadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC=C QJJDJWUCRAPCOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVGRCEFMXPHEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC=C OVGRCEFMXPHEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJYKOINTTTXNHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(acetylsulfanylmethyl)pent-4-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)SCC(C(O)=O)CC=C YJYKOINTTTXNHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000536 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGYJSURPYAAOMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenoxy-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC=C PGYJSURPYAAOMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(trimethylsilyl)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CCCS(O)(=O)=O TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 C[N+](C)CCCNC(C(*)=C)=O Chemical compound C[N+](C)CCCNC(C(*)=C)=O 0.000 description 1
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N Dialdehyde 11678 Chemical class N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1[C@H](C[C@H](/C(=C/O)C(=O)OC)[C@@H](C=C)C=O)NCC2 ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J39/08—Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
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- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/422—Electrodialysis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/38—Polyalkenylalcohols; Polyalkenylesters; Polyalkenylethers; Polyalkenylaldehydes; Polyalkenylketones; Polyalkenylacetals; Polyalkenylketals
- B01D71/381—Polyvinylalcohol
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/38—Polyalkenylalcohols; Polyalkenylesters; Polyalkenylethers; Polyalkenylaldehydes; Polyalkenylketones; Polyalkenylacetals; Polyalkenylketals
- B01D71/383—Polyvinylacetates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/08—Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/12—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J41/14—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/12—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00
- C08F261/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00 on to polymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08F261/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00 on to polymers of unsaturated alcohols on to polymers of vinyl alcohol
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C08J5/2243—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds obtained by introduction of active groups capable of ion-exchange into compounds of the type C08J5/2231
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/42—Ion-exchange membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/80—Block polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2438/00—Living radical polymerisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ion exchange membrane having practical dimensional stability and electrodialysis performance, and a method for producing the ion exchange membrane.
- Ion exchange membranes are used as ion separation membranes for electrodialysis, diffusion dialysis, etc. for a wide variety of applications, such as seawater concentration, groundwater desalination for drinking water, removal of nitrate nitrogen, food production processes Is used for applications such as salt removal and concentration of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
- the main ion exchange membranes used for these applications are styrene-divinylbenzene-based ion exchange membranes and fluorocarbon-based ion exchange membranes.
- Styrene-divinylbenzene ion exchange membranes are manufactured by introducing anionic groups such as sulfonic acid groups and cationic groups such as quaternary ammonium groups into the styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer by post-modification. It is known to do (Patent Documents 1 and 2). However, since the ion exchange membrane of a styrene-divinylbenzene polymer has poor processability of the polymer, it is necessary to give a form using a support during the polymerization. In addition, since post-denaturation treatment is required, the manufacturing cost increases.
- Fluorocarbon-based ion exchange membranes are known to be produced using a perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid type polymer in which a sulfonic acid group is bonded to a side chain of a perfluoro skeleton (Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 3 Fluorocarbon-based ion exchange membrane has a problem in that it uses a fluorocarbon-based material that is difficult to significantly reduce costs because the polymer manufacturing process is complicated.
- Patent Documents 4 and 5 an ion exchange membrane using a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer having excellent ion exchange ability and selective permeation ability, excellent organic contamination resistance, high processability, and cost reduction has been reported and attracted attention.
- the ion exchange membrane using the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer uses hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol as a base material, it is usually a bifunctional hydroxyl crosslinking agent such as glutaraldehyde or a hydroxyl modification such as formaldehyde. Insolubilization with chemicals is essential. Moreover, even after insolubilization treatment, the water content is high and dimensional stability may be poor, and further improvements are required.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a vinyl alcohol ion exchange membrane having practical dimensional stability and electrodialysis performance.
- the present invention includes the following preferred embodiments.
- [1] The absorbance of the absorption wavelength of 1690 cm -1 in the infrared absorption spectrum of the ion exchange membrane and X, the absorbance of the absorption wavelength of 1720 cm -1 and Y, the region between the absorption wavelength 1690 cm -1 and 1720 cm -1
- the formula (A) An ion exchange membrane that satisfies the relationship indicated by.
- [2] The ion exchange membrane according to [1] above, comprising a polyvinyl alcohol polymer or a composition containing the polymer.
- the polymer is represented by the following general formula (1): [In the formula, 0.5000 ⁇ o 1 / (n 1 + o 1 ) ⁇ 0.9999, and 0.01 ⁇ m 1 / (m 1 + n 1 + o 1 ) ⁇ 0.50.
- M is a structural unit derived from the monomer M ′ having an anionic group or a cationic group.
- the production method according to [6] above which is a block copolymer (BP) represented by [8]
- the polymer is represented by the following general formula (2): [Wherein, 0.5000 ⁇ o 2 / (n 2 + o 2 ) ⁇ 0.9999, 0.001 ⁇ q 2 / (n 2 + o 2 + q 2 ) ⁇ 0.05, 0.01 ⁇ q 2 m 2 / (q 2 m 2 + n 2 + o 2) is ⁇ 0.50.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl group.
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a carboxyl group or a carboxymethyl group.
- L is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain a nitrogen atom and / or an oxygen atom.
- R 1 is a carboxyl group or R 2 is a carboxyl group or a carboxymethyl group, R 1 and R 2 may each form a ring with an adjacent hydroxyl group.
- M is a structural unit derived from the monomer M ′ having an anionic group or a cationic group.
- the ion exchange membrane of the present invention that satisfies the relationship represented by the above formula (A) has practical dimensional stability and electrodialysis performance.
- Ion-exchange membrane of the present invention the absorbance of the absorption wavelength of 1690 cm -1 in the infrared absorption spectrum and X, the absorbance of the absorption wavelength of 1720 cm -1 and Y, between the absorption wavelength 1690 cm -1 and 1720 cm -1
- the integral value (integral value of absorbance) for the region is Z and the thickness of the ion exchange membrane is Tcm
- the value (hereinafter also referred to as “parameter A”) calculated by the above formula ⁇ Z ⁇ (X + Y) ⁇ 30/2 ⁇ / T is 30 or more. Yes, preferably 50 or more. It is preferable that the parameter A is equal to or more than the above lower limit because water resistance and electrodialysis performance are high.
- the upper limit of the parameter A is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1000 or less, preferably 800 or less.
- the parameter A is a parameter corresponding to the area of the projection of the absorption curve between the absorption wavelength of the absorption wavelength and 1720 cm -1 in 1690 cm -1 in the infrared absorption spectrum. Specifically, in the infrared absorption spectrum shown example in Figure 1, the trapezoidal portion contained in the region from the integration value (integral value of the absorbance) Z to the area between the absorption wavelength 1690 cm -1 and 1720 cm -1 The area of the hatched portion after subtracting is equivalent to the parameter A.
- the parameter A is considered to increase as the number of ketone groups increases in the ion exchange membrane. When there are too few ketone groups in the ion exchange membrane, the water resistance of the ion exchange membrane is insufficient, which is not preferable.
- an ion exchange membrane that satisfies the relationship represented by the above formula (A) is preferable. Moreover, when there are too many ketone groups in an ion exchange membrane, the intensity
- the value of the parameter A can be increased by, for example, a method of performing a heat treatment described later, a method of increasing the heat treatment temperature in the heat treatment, a method of extending the heat treatment time in the heat treatment, a method of adjusting pH, and the like. By these methods, the value of the parameter A can be adjusted to the above range.
- the ion exchange membrane of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the relationship represented by the above formula (A), but is preferably an ion exchange membrane containing a polymer having an ionic group.
- the ionic group is an anionic group or a cationic group.
- the ion exchange membrane can be used as a cation exchange membrane.
- the ion exchange membrane contains a polymer having a cationic group
- the ion exchange membrane can be used as an anion exchange membrane.
- the amount of the ionic group is preferably 1 to 50, with the total of the structural units of all the polymers contained in the ion exchange membrane being 100 mol%.
- the mol% more preferably 3 to 30 mol%, still more preferably 5 to 25 mol%.
- the amount of the ionic group is not more than the above upper limit because swelling of the ion exchange membrane is easily suppressed. It is preferable that the amount of the ionic group is equal to or more than the above lower limit because ion exchange performance is easily improved by increasing ion conductivity.
- anionic group examples include a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a boronic acid group, and a sulfonylimide group. Although it does not specifically limit as a cation of a counter, Monovalent cations, such as an alkali metal ion, H ⁇ +> , quaternary ammonium ion, are preferable.
- cationic groups include amino groups such as unsubstituted amino groups, N-alkylamino groups, and N-dialkylamino groups, nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as pyridyl groups and imidazolyl groups, N-trialkylammonium groups, N And quaternary ammonium groups such as -alkylpyridinium group, N-alkylimidazolium group, thiouronium group, and isothiouronium group.
- the anion of the quaternary ammonium group counter is not particularly limited, but a halogenated anion of a Group 5B element such as PF 6 ⁇ , SbF 6 ⁇ , AsF 6 ⁇ , a halogenated anion of a Group 3B element such as BF 4 ⁇ , I - (I 3 -), Br -, Cl - and a halogen anion, ClO 4 - halogen anion such as, AlCl 4 -, FeCl 4 - , SnCl 5 - represented by - metal halide anions such as, NO 3 Nitrate anion, p-toluenesulfonate anion, naphthalenesulfonate anion, organic sulfonate anions such as CH 3 SO 3 ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 — , carboxylate anions such as CF 3 COO ⁇ , C 6 H 5 COO ⁇ , OH - 1 monovalent
- the ion exchange membrane of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an ion exchange membrane satisfying the relationship represented by the above formula (A), but is preferably an ion containing a polyvinyl alcohol polymer, for example, a polymer having a polyvinyl alcohol unit. It is an exchange membrane.
- the amount of the polyvinyl alcohol unit is 100 mol% of the total of the constituent units of all the polymers contained in the ion exchange membrane. Is preferably 1 to 90 mol%, more preferably 5 to 80 mol%, and still more preferably 10 to 60 mol%. It is preferable for the amount of the polyvinyl alcohol unit to be not more than the above upper limit because the swelling of the ion exchange membrane is easily suppressed. It is preferable that the amount of the polyvinyl alcohol unit is equal to or more than the above lower limit because ion exchange performance is easily improved by increasing ion conductivity.
- the polymer having a polyvinyl alcohol unit may be a polymer different from the polymer having the ionic group, or may be the same polymer as the polymer having the ionic group.
- the polymer having a polyvinyl alcohol unit and the polymer having an ionic group are the same polymer
- the ion exchange membrane of the present invention includes a polymer having an ionic group and a polyvinyl alcohol unit. Represents that.
- polyvinyl alcohol units examples include polyvinyl alcohol units derived from polyvinyl alcohol homopolymers and polyvinyl alcohol copolymers.
- the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer is preferably a block copolymer or a graft copolymer.
- the ion exchange membrane of the present invention may contain one type of polymer or a combination of two or more types of polymers.
- the ion exchange membrane of the present invention includes a polymer having an ionic group and a polymer having a polyvinyl alcohol unit, or a polymer having an ionic group and a polyvinyl alcohol unit.
- Crosslinks may be introduced into the polymer contained in the ion exchange membrane.
- the ion exchange membrane of the present invention may be used in a form provided with a reinforcing material.
- the reinforcing material include a continuous support made of a porous film, a mesh, or a nonwoven fabric.
- the nonwoven fabric may be a wet nonwoven fabric of polyvinyl alcohol-based short fibers.
- the ion exchange membrane of the present invention can be produced, for example, by heat-treating a polyvinyl alcohol polymer P (hereinafter also simply referred to as polymer P) or a composition containing the polymer.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing an ion exchange membrane comprising heat-treating a composition comprising a polymer P having a polyvinyl alcohol unit.
- polyvinyl alcohol polymer P or a composition containing the polymer examples include a polymer composition containing a polymer P1 having a polyvinyl alcohol unit and a polymer P2 having an ionic group, a polyvinyl alcohol unit and an ionic group. And polymer P3 having, and compositions containing these.
- polymer P1 which has a polyvinyl alcohol unit used in order to manufacture the ion exchange membrane of this invention a polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer is mentioned, for example.
- the polymer P1 having a polyvinyl alcohol unit is preferably the following general formula (P1): [Wherein, 0.5000 ⁇ o 0 / (n 0 + o 0 ) ⁇ 0.9999. ] The polymer shown by these is mentioned.
- Examples of the polymer P2 having an ionic group used for producing the ion exchange membrane of the present invention include a monomer composed of an anionic group or a cationic group and at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer. These homopolymers are mentioned.
- the polymer P2 having an ionic group is preferably the following general formula (P2): [M is a structural unit derived from the monomer M ′ having an anionic group or a cationic group. ] The polymer shown by these is mentioned.
- Examples of the polymer P3 having a polyvinyl alcohol unit and an ionic group used for producing the ion exchange membrane of the present invention include a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer.
- Examples of the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer include a block copolymer and a graft copolymer.
- the polymer P3 having a polyvinyl alcohol unit and an ionic group is preferably represented by the following general formula (1): [In the formula, 0.5000 ⁇ o 1 / (n 1 + o 1 ) ⁇ 0.9999, and 0.01 ⁇ m 1 / (m 1 + n 1 + o 1 ) ⁇ 0.50.
- M is a structural unit derived from the monomer M ′ having an anionic group or a cationic group.
- a block copolymer (BP) represented by the following general formula (2): [Wherein, 0.5000 ⁇ o 2 / (n 2 + o 2 ) ⁇ 0.9999, 0.001 ⁇ q 2 / (n 2 + o 2 + q 2 ) ⁇ 0.05, 0.01 ⁇ q 2 m 2 / (q 2 m 2 + n 2 + o 2) is ⁇ 0.50.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl group.
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a carboxyl group or a carboxymethyl group.
- L is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain a nitrogen atom and / or an oxygen atom.
- R 1 is a carboxyl group or R 2 is a carboxyl group or a carboxymethyl group
- R 1 and R 2 each form a ring (cyclic structure) with an adjacent hydroxyl group (ie, a hydroxyl group contained in an adjacent structural unit). You may do it.
- M is a structural unit derived from the monomer M ′ having an anionic group or a cationic group. ]
- the graft copolymer (GP) shown by these is mentioned.
- o 0 / (n 0 + o 0 ) represents a ratio of vinyl alcohol units contained in the polymer P1 having polyvinyl alcohol units.
- the lower limit of o 0 / (n 0 + o 0 ) is preferably 0.5000 or more, more preferably 0.7000 or more, and further preferably 0.8000 or more.
- the upper limit of o 0 / (n 0 + o 0 ) is preferably 0.9999 or less, more preferably 0.999 or less, and further preferably 0.995 or less. From the viewpoint of ease of production, o 0 / (n 0 + o 0 ) is preferably within the above range.
- M in the general formula (P2) is a structural unit derived from a monomer having an anionic group or a cationic group (hereinafter also referred to as “monomer M ′”).
- Examples of the monomer M ′ include a monomer composed of at least one anionic group or cationic group and at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- Examples of the anionic group and the cationic group in the monomer M ′ include the anionic group and the cationic group described above for the copolymer.
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the monomer M ′ include ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene, propylene, n-butene and isobutylene; styrenes such as styrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene; acrylic acid and methyl acrylate Acrylic acid or esters thereof such as ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, i-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, i-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate; methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, Methacrylic acid or esters thereof such as ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, i-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, i-butyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate; acrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N
- Examples of the monomer M composed of an anionic group and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer include compounds represented by the following general formulas (3) to (9).
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal atom.
- R 3 has the same meaning as described above, and R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Examples of the monomer M composed of a cationic group and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer include compounds represented by the following general formulas (10) to (19).
- X ⁇ represents a halogenated anion of a group 5B element such as PF 6 ⁇ , SbF 6 ⁇ , AsF 6 ⁇ , a halogenated anion of a group 3B element such as BF 4 ⁇ , I ⁇ (I 3 ⁇ ), Halogen anions such as Br ⁇ and Cl ⁇ , halogen acid anions such as ClO 4 ⁇ , metal halide anions such as AlCl 4 ⁇ , FeCl 4 ⁇ and SnCl 5 ⁇ , nitrate anions represented by NO 3 ⁇ , p-toluenesulfone Acid anions, naphthalene sulfonate anions, organic sulfonate anions such as CH 3 SO 3 ⁇ and CF 3 SO 3 — , carboxylic acid anions such as CF 3 COO ⁇ and C 6 H 5 COO ⁇ , and monovalent OH ⁇ An anion, and R 4
- R 4 has the same meaning as described above and may be the same as or different from each other. ]
- o 1 / (n 1 + o 1 ) represents a ratio of vinyl alcohol units to the total of vinyl alcohol units and vinyl acetate units.
- the lower limit of o 1 / (n 1 + o 1 ) is preferably 0.5000 or more, more preferably 0.7000 or more, and further preferably 0.8000 or more.
- the upper limit of o 1 / (n 1 + o 1 ) is preferably 0.9999 or less, more preferably 0.999 or less, and further preferably 0.995 or less. It is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of production that o 1 / (n 1 + o 1 ) is within the above range.
- m 1 / (m 1 + n 1 + o 1 ) represents a ratio of polymer components having an anionic group or a cationic group in the copolymer.
- the lower limit of m 1 / (m 1 + n 1 + o 1 ) is preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.03 or more, and further preferably 0.05 or more.
- the upper limit of m 1 / (m 1 + n 1 + o 1 ) is preferably 0.50 or less, more preferably 0.30 or less, and even more preferably 0.25 or less.
- M in the general formula (1) has the same meaning as M described for the general formula (P2).
- o 2 / (n 2 + o 2 ) represents a ratio of vinyl alcohol units contained in the vinyl alcohol polymer component in the copolymer.
- the lower limit of o 2 / (n 2 + o 2 ) is preferably 0.5000 or more, more preferably 0.7000 or more, and further preferably 0.8000 or more.
- the upper limit of o 2 / (n 2 + o 2 ) is preferably 0.9999 or less, more preferably 0.999 or less, and even more preferably 0.995 or less. From the viewpoint of ease of production, o 2 / (n 2 + o 2 ) is preferably within the above range.
- q 2 / (n 2 + o 2 + q 2 ) represents a mole fraction of branching units contained in the graft copolymer (GP).
- the lower limit of q 2 / (n 2 + o 2 + q 2 ) is preferably 0.001 or more, more preferably 0.002 or more, and further preferably 0.003 or more.
- the upper limit of q 2 / (n 2 + o 2 + q 2 ) is preferably 0.05 or less, more preferably 0.02 or less, and still more preferably 0.01 or less. It is preferable that q 2 / (n 2 + o 2 + q 2 ) is within the above range from the viewpoint of easy control of the copolymerization reaction.
- q 2 m 2 / in the general formula (2) (q 2 m 2 + n 2 + o 2) is contained in the polymer component having a vinyl alcohol polymer component and an anionic group or cationic group in the copolymer
- the ratio of the polymer component having an anionic group or a cationic group is shown.
- the lower limit of q 2 m 2 / (q 2 m 2 + n 2 + o 2 ) is preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.03 or more, and further preferably 0.05 or more.
- the upper limit of q 2 m 2 / (q 2 m 2 + n 2 + o 2 ) is preferably 0.50 or less, more preferably 0.30 or less, and even more preferably 0.25 or less.
- M in the general formula (2) has the same meaning as M described for the general formula (P2).
- L in the general formula (2) is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain a nitrogen atom and / or an oxygen atom.
- the number of nitrogen atoms and / or oxygen atoms contained in L is not particularly limited.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms at the site branched from the main chain of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group (a chain in which atoms are continuous between a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom) is 1 to 5.
- L contains a nitrogen atom and / or an oxygen atom
- examples of the case where L contains a nitrogen atom and / or an oxygen atom include, for example, a carbonyl bond in which the aliphatic hydrocarbon group has a nitrogen atom and / or an oxygen atom inserted into the aliphatic hydrocarbon group ( -CO-), ether bond (-O-), amino bond [-NR- (R is a hydrogen atom or a group containing carbon bonded to N)], amide bond (-CONH-), etc.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may contain a nitrogen atom and / or an oxygen atom as a carboxyl group (—COOH), a hydroxyl group (—OH), or the like that replaces the aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- L is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having a total carbon number of 1 to 20, which may have a carboxyl group, and has a total carbon number of Is more preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 15 and optionally having a carboxyl group, and having a total carbon number of 2 to 10 and optionally having a carboxyl group. More preferably, it is a chain or branched alkylene group.
- R 1 in the general formula (2) is a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl group
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a carboxyl group, or a carboxymethyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected.
- each repeating unit is represented, and independently of each other, it may be preferably 1 to 10000, more preferably 5 to 9000, and still more preferably 10 to 8000.
- the general formulas (P1), (P2), (1) and (2) do not mean that the repeating units in parentheses are arranged as shown, but simply each repeating unit is present. Represents that.
- the repeating units are usually arranged randomly at each other, but the same repeating units may be arranged continuously.
- the composition containing the polymer P1 having a polyvinyl alcohol unit and the polymer P2 having an ionic group that can be used for producing the ion exchange membrane of the present invention is, for example, anionic polymerization using a polymerizable monomer, It can be produced by performing radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, coordination polymerization and the like. Moreover, when a polymer is a copolymer, it can manufacture by performing a copolymerization using another polymerizable monomer with a polymerizable monomer.
- the polymer P3 having a polyvinyl alcohol unit and an ionic group that can be used to produce the ion exchange membrane of the present invention is, for example, (Ia) A method of producing a vinyl alcohol polymer and then binding an ionic group to the vinyl alcohol polymer, or (Ib) a vinyl alcohol polymer and at least one monomer having an ionic group It can manufacture by the method of polymerizing.
- one or more hydroxyl group modifiers for example, butyraldehyde sulfonic acid or its alkali metal salt, benzaldehyde sulfonic acid or its alkali metal salt, cationic ammonium aldehyde, etc.
- hydroxyl group modifiers for example, butyraldehyde sulfonic acid or its alkali metal salt, benzaldehyde sulfonic acid or its alkali metal salt, cationic ammonium aldehyde, etc.
- Is preferably reacted to introduce an ionic group into the vinyl alcohol polymer to produce a copolymer from the viewpoint of industrial ease.
- the method of (Ib) it is possible to produce a copolymer by radical polymerization of at least one monomer containing an ionic group in the presence of a vinyl alcohol polymer containing a mercapto group. It is preferable because of its ease. Since the type and amount of each component can be easily controlled, the method
- a block copolymer (BP) is described in, for example, Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 using a terminal mercapto group-containing vinyl alcohol polymer and a monomer (M) having an ionic group. Can be produced by the polymerization method.
- the content rate of the vinyl alcohol unit in the above-mentioned terminal mercapto group-containing vinyl alcohol polymer is not particularly limited, but 100 mol of all the structural units in the polymer. % Is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 70 mol% or more, and still more preferably 80 mol% or more.
- the upper limit of the content of the vinyl alcohol unit is preferably 99.99 mol% or less, more preferably 99.9 mol% or less, and even more preferably 99 mol%, based on 100 mol% of all structural units in the polymer. .5 mol% or less.
- the viscosity average degree of polymerization of the above-mentioned terminal mercapto group-containing vinyl alcohol polymer measured according to JIS K6726 is not particularly limited, and is preferably 100 to 5,000, more preferably 200 to 4,000. .
- the viscosity average degree of polymerization is preferably at least the above lower limit from the viewpoint of the mechanical strength of the derived copolymer. It is preferable that the viscosity average degree of polymerization is not more than the above upper limit because a vinyl alcohol polymer is easily produced industrially.
- the graft copolymer (GP) is Formula (20): [Wherein, R 1 , R 2 and L are as defined above. ] A general formula (21) composed of a structural unit represented by [Wherein, n 4 , o 4 , q, L, R 1 and R 2 are as defined above. ] Produced by the polymerization method described in, for example, Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 using a side chain mercapto group-containing vinyl alcohol polymer represented by the formula (I) and a monomer (M) having an ionic group. can do.
- the structural unit represented by the general formula (20) can be derived from an unsaturated monomer that can be converted into the structural unit, and preferably the general formula (22): [Wherein, R 1a and R 1b are a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl group, provided that at least one of R 1a and R 1b is a hydrogen atom, and R 3 is a methyl group or a specific carbon contained in L A cyclic structure is formed by covalent bonding with an atom, and R 2 and L are as defined above. ] It can derive from the thioester type monomer which has an unsaturated double bond shown by these.
- the thioester monomer having an unsaturated double bond represented by the general formula (22) can be produced according to a known method.
- Preferred specific examples of the thioester monomer having an unsaturated double bond represented by the general formula (22) include, for example, thioacetic acid S- (3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl) ester, thioacetic acid S-17-octadecene-1-yl ester, thioacetic acid S-15-hexadecene-1-yl ester, thioacetic acid S-14-pentadecene-1-yl ester, thioacetic acid S-13-tetradecene-1-yl ester, Thioacetic acid S-12-tridecen-1-yl ester, thioacetic acid S-11-dodecen-1-yl ester, thioacetic acid S-10-undecen-1-yl ester, thioacetic acid S-9-decene-1-yl Ester, thioacetic acid S-8-nonen-1-yl ester, thioacetic acid S-7
- thioacetic acid S-7-octen-1-yl ester chemical formulas (a-6), (a-7), (a-9) from the viewpoints of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis , (A-10), (a-11), (a-12), (a-14), (a-15), (a-16), (a-17), (a-19), ( a-20), (a-21), (a-22), (a-24), (a-25), (a-26), (a-27), (a-29), (a- 30) is preferred.
- the content of the structural unit represented by the general formula (20) in the side-chain mercapto group-containing vinyl alcohol polymer represented by the general formula (21) is not particularly limited, but the total structural unit in the polymer is 100 mol%. Is preferably 0.1 to 5 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 2 mol%, and still more preferably 0.3 to 1 mol%.
- the side chain mercapto group-containing vinyl alcohol polymer represented by the general formula (21) can have one or more structural units represented by the formula (20). When it has 2 or more types of the said structural unit, it is preferable that the sum total of the content rate of these 2 or more types of structural units exists in the said range.
- the content of the vinyl alcohol unit in the side chain mercapto group-containing vinyl alcohol polymer represented by the general formula (21) is not particularly limited.
- the total constituent unit in the content is 100 mol%, preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 70 mol% or more, and further preferably 80 mol% or more.
- the upper limit of the content of the vinyl alcohol unit is preferably 99.99 mol% or less, more preferably 99.9 mol% or less, and even more preferably 99 mol%, based on 100 mol% of all structural units in the polymer. .5 mol% or less.
- the vinyl alcohol unit in the side chain mercapto group-containing vinyl alcohol polymer represented by the general formula (21) can be derived from the vinyl ester unit by hydrolysis, alcoholysis or the like. Although it does not specifically limit as vinyl ester of the vinyl ester unit converted into a vinyl alcohol unit, Vinyl acetate is preferable from an industrial viewpoint.
- the side chain mercapto group-containing vinyl alcohol polymer represented by the general formula (21) is a structural unit other than the structural unit represented by the formula (20), the vinyl alcohol unit and the vinyl ester unit as long as the effect of the present invention is obtained. Can further be included.
- the structural unit includes, for example, an unsaturated monomer that can be copolymerized with a vinyl ester and can be converted into a structural unit represented by the formula (20), and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer that can be copolymerized with a vinyl ester. It is a derived structural unit.
- the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is synonymous with the ethylenically unsaturated monomer described for the monomer M '.
- the arrangement order of the structural unit represented by the formula (20), the vinyl alcohol unit, and other arbitrary structural units in the side chain mercapto group-containing vinyl alcohol polymer represented by the general formula (21) is not particularly limited. , Block, alternating, etc.
- the viscosity average polymerization degree measured in accordance with JIS K6726 of the side chain mercapto group-containing vinyl alcohol polymer represented by the general formula (21) is not particularly limited, and is preferably 100 to 5,000, more preferably. 200 to 4,000.
- the viscosity average degree of polymerization is preferably at least the above lower limit from the viewpoint of the mechanical strength of the derived copolymer. It is preferable that the viscosity average degree of polymerization is not more than the above upper limit because a vinyl alcohol polymer is easily produced industrially.
- the method for producing the side chain mercapto group-containing vinyl alcohol polymer represented by the general formula (21) is not particularly limited as long as the target side chain mercapto group-containing vinyl alcohol polymer can be produced.
- a production method includes copolymerization of a vinyl ester and an unsaturated monomer that can be copolymerized with the vinyl ester and can be converted into a structural unit represented by the general formula (20).
- a conversion step of converting the structural unit into the structural unit represented by the general formula (20) is not particularly limited as long as the target side chain mercapto group-containing vinyl alcohol polymer can be produced.
- such a production method includes copolymerization of a vinyl ester and an unsaturated monomer that can be copolymerized with the vinyl ester and
- thioester monomer (22) a thioester monomer having an unsaturated double bond represented by the general formula (22) (hereinafter referred to as “thioester monomer (22)”).
- the ester bond of the vinyl ester unit of the copolymer and the thioester bond of the structural unit derived from the thioester monomer (22) are hydrolyzed or alcoholically decomposed to give a vinyl alcohol unit and a general formula (20), respectively.
- the method of converting to the structural unit shown is simple and preferably used.
- the copolymerization of the vinyl ester and the thioester monomer (22) employs a known method and conditions for homopolymerizing the vinyl ester. Can be done. At the time of copolymerization, a monomer copolymerizable with the vinyl ester and thioester monomer (22) may be further copolymerized.
- the copolymerizable monomer is the same as the ethylenically unsaturated monomer described for the monomer M ′.
- the ester bond of the vinyl ester unit of the obtained copolymer and the thioester bond of the structural unit derived from the thioester monomer (22) can be hydrolyzed or alcoholically decomposed under substantially the same conditions. Therefore, hydrolysis or alcoholysis of the ester bond of the vinyl ester unit and the thioester bond of the structural unit derived from the thioester monomer (22) of the obtained copolymer is used to saponify the vinyl ester homopolymer.
- the known methods and conditions can be employed.
- a desired form can be imparted to the composition containing the polymer P having a polyvinyl alcohol unit obtained in this manner, and a film-like molded product can be produced.
- a copolymerization form at the time of producing a film-shaped molded object, It is preferable to produce a film-shaped molded object using the solution containing the polymer P from a workability viewpoint.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, and water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, methyl ethyl Examples thereof include polar solvents such as sulfoxide and diethyl sulfoxide, or mixed solvents thereof. From the viewpoint of the solubility of the polymer P, it is preferable to use water as a solvent.
- the concentration of the solution is not particularly limited, but the amount of the polymer P with respect to 100 parts by mass of the solvent is preferably 0.1 to 50 parts by mass, and more preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass.
- additives may be added as necessary, and the order of addition can also be arbitrarily selected.
- the additive can be appropriately selected from known additives, for example, metal fine particles, inorganic fine particles, inorganic salts, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, deterioration inhibitors, dispersants, surfactants, Examples thereof include polymerization inhibitors, thickeners, conductive assistants, surface modifiers, antiseptics, antifungal agents, antibacterial agents, antifoaming agents, and plasticizers. These 1 type may be used independently and may use 2 or more types together.
- polyvinyl alcohol may be appropriately added to the composition containing the polymer P for the purpose of improving the strength of the molded product.
- the viscosity average polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is not particularly limited, and is preferably 500 to 8,000, more preferably 1,000 to 7,000 as measured according to JIS K6726.
- the pH of the composition containing the polymer P is preferably less than 3.0 and more preferably less than 2.0 from the viewpoint of easily enhancing the effect of the subsequent heat treatment.
- the method for adjusting the pH of the composition containing the polymer P is not particularly limited.
- the pH is adjusted with acidic compounds such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, ammonium chloride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, sodium acetate, and the like.
- the basic compound may be added to the intermediate solution to adjust, or may be adjusted using an ion exchange resin such as anion exchange resin or cation exchange resin, or adjusted by electrodialysis. Also good.
- a method for producing a film-like molded product by imparting a desired shape to the polymer P is not particularly limited, but for example, the composition containing the polymer P is heated to plasticize the polymer and mold the polymer. Molding into a film by melt-molding methods (for example, extrusion molding, injection molding, inflation molding, press molding, blow molding) or by removing the solvent by drying after casting the solution into a film Examples include a solvent casting method. By these molding methods, a film-shaped molded article having a desired thickness such as a film or a sheet can be obtained.
- thermoplastic resin In the case of using the melt molding method, an arbitrary thermoplastic resin may be added to the composition containing the polymer P as necessary, and the order of addition may be arbitrarily selected.
- the thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, and a general thermoplastic resin can be used.
- a film-shaped molded product may be laminated on a polymer film such as a polyethylene terephthalate film, nylon film, or polypropylene, on a metal foil such as a copper foil or an aluminum foil, or on an inorganic substrate such as a glass substrate or a silicon substrate.
- the film-shaped molded body may have a multilayer structure.
- the membrane-like molded product may be composited with a porous material such as a porous film, mesh, nonwoven fabric, porous ceramics and zeolite, or molding of a three-dimensionally processed polymer, metal, ceramics, glass, etc. It may be formed on the surface of the body.
- the film thickness of the ion exchange membrane of the present invention is preferably about 30 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 40 to 500 ⁇ m, from the viewpoints of performance required for an electrolyte membrane for electrodialysis, mechanical strength, handling properties, and the like.
- the thickness is preferably 50 to 300 ⁇ m. It is preferable from a viewpoint of the mechanical strength of the film
- the film thickness is preferably not more than the above upper limit from the viewpoint of reducing the membrane resistance and enhancing the ion exchange property.
- the film thickness can be measured with a micrometer.
- the film-like molded body is reinforced by adding a reinforcing material made of an inorganic material, an organic material, or an organic-inorganic hybrid material to the composition containing the polymer P.
- the reinforcing material may be a fibrous material, a particulate material, or a flaky material.
- a continuous support such as a porous film, a mesh, and a nonwoven fabric may be used.
- a fibrous material or the above-mentioned continuous support as a reinforcing material because the mechanical strength and dimensional stability of the finally obtained ion exchange membrane are easily improved.
- stacked the layer which does not reinforce and the layer which carried out the said reinforcement layer in the multilayer form by arbitrary methods is also preferable.
- the reinforcing material may be added to the composition containing the polymer P, mixed and used, or the reinforcing material is impregnated with the composition containing the polymer P.
- the reinforcing material and the film-shaped formed body after film formation may be laminated.
- the reinforcing material is preferably a continuous support made of a porous film, a mesh, or a nonwoven fabric, more preferably a nonwoven fabric, from the viewpoint of strength and processability.
- the nonwoven fabric is preferably a wet nonwoven fabric formed from short fibers (fiber length: 1 to 30 mm).
- the polymer that forms the nonwoven fabric (or the constituent polymer of the main fiber) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyester (PET, PTT, etc.), polyvinyl alcohol, and the like, and polyvinyl alcohol is particularly preferable.
- a particularly preferable nonwoven fabric sheet includes a wet nonwoven fabric mainly composed of polyvinyl alcohol short fibers.
- the wet non-woven fabric is made by dispersing the main fibers and a small amount of binder fibers for bonding between the main fibers in water and making the slurry uniform with gentle stirring.
- a sheet can be formed and manufactured using an apparatus for papermaking having at least one of wires such as a formula.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based main fiber preferably does not dissolve in water at 90 ° C. or less and has a saponification degree of 99.9 mol% or more.
- the polyvinyl alcohol main fiber in which the acetalization process is performed is also preferable.
- the degree of acetalization is preferably 15 to 40 mol%, more preferably 25 to 35 mol%.
- the degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol constituting the polyvinyl alcohol-based main fiber is preferably 1000 to 2500.
- a known method can be adopted as a method for producing the polyvinyl alcohol-based main fiber, and any one of a wet spinning method, a dry wet spinning method, and a dry spinning method may be adopted. Since the polyvinyl alcohol-based main fiber used in this embodiment is used as a wet nonwoven fabric, its fineness is preferably 0.3 to 10 dtex, more preferably 0.5 to 5 dtex.
- the inorganic material used as the reinforcing material is not particularly limited as long as it has a reinforcing effect.
- the organic material used as the reinforcing material is not particularly limited as long as it has a reinforcing effect.
- polyvinyl alcohol polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene ether, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyether ether sulfone, polyether ketone, polyether ether ketone , Polythioether sulfone, polythioether ether sulfone, polythioether ketone, polythioether ether ketone, polybenzimidazole, polybenzoxazole, polyoxadiazole, polybenzoxazinone, polyxylylene, polyphenylene, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyacene, polycyanogen , Polynaphthyridine, polyphenylene sulfide sulfone, polyphenylene sulfone, polyimide, poly Etherimide, polyesterimide, polyamideimide, polyamide, aromatic polyamide, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene resin, polysty
- An organic-inorganic hybrid material can also be used as a reinforcing material, and examples thereof include organosilicon polymer compounds having a silsesquioxane structure or a siloxane structure such as POSS (Polyhederal Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes) or silicone rubber.
- organosilicon polymer compounds having a silsesquioxane structure or a siloxane structure such as POSS (Polyhederal Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes) or silicone rubber.
- An ion exchange membrane satisfying the relationship represented by the above formula (A) can be obtained by heat-treating the composition containing the polymer P obtained as described above.
- the heat treatment method may be appropriately selected depending on the type and form of the film-shaped molded body, and generally known methods can be used.
- the heat treatment can be performed using, for example, a hot air dryer, a hot press, a hot plate, an infrared heater, a roller heater, or the like.
- a planar heating means is preferable, and a hot press, a hot plate, an infrared heater, a roller heater, and the like are more preferable.
- the conditions for the heat treatment are not particularly limited, and are preferably 100 to 250 ° C., more preferably 140 to 200 ° C., preferably 5 seconds in the air, in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, or under reduced pressure.
- the heat treatment may be performed for a heating time of ⁇ 4 hours, more preferably 1 minute to 2 hours.
- the heat treatment may be performed in a plurality of times.
- the ion exchange membrane of the present invention may be subjected to a crosslinking treatment as necessary. It is preferable to introduce a cross-linking bond by performing a cross-linking treatment because the electrodialysis performance is easily further improved and the mechanical strength of the ion exchange membrane is easily increased.
- the method for the crosslinking treatment is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of bonding the molecular chains of the polymer by chemical bonding. Usually, a method of immersing an ion exchange membrane in a solution containing a crosslinking agent is used. Examples of the crosslinking agent include formaldehyde or dialdehyde compounds such as glyoxal and glutaraldehyde.
- a method for performing the crosslinking treatment a method in which the above-mentioned crosslinking agent is mixed in advance with the composition containing the polymer P before the heat treatment to produce a film-shaped molded body, and then a heat treatment is performed, and obtained after the heat treatment is performed.
- a method of performing a crosslinking treatment by immersing the ion exchange membrane in a solution in which a dialdehyde compound is dissolved in water, alcohol or a mixed solvent thereof under acidic conditions. In consideration of process passability, it is preferable to perform the crosslinking treatment by the latter method.
- a solution having a volume concentration of the crosslinking treatment agent with respect to the solution of 0.001 to 10% by volume is usually used.
- Membrane resistance of the ion exchange membrane of the present invention is preferably 10 .OMEGA.cm 2 or less, and more preferably 5Omucm 2 or less.
- Membrane resistance of the ion exchange membrane may be any 0Omucm 2 or more, usually at least about 0.1? Cm 2.
- the dynamic transport number of the ion exchange membrane is such that the ion exchange membrane is sandwiched in a two-chamber cell having a platinum black electrode plate shown in FIG. 2, and 0.5 mol / L-NaCl solution is filled on both sides of the ion exchange membrane. Went.
- t d + dynamic transport number
- F Faraday constant
- the membrane resistance was determined by sandwiching an ion exchange membrane in a two-chamber cell having a platinum black electrode plate shown in FIG. 3, filling a 0.5 mol / L-NaCl solution on both sides of the membrane, and an AC bridge (frequency 1000 cycles / second). Then, the resistance between the electrodes at 25 ° C. was measured, and the resistance was calculated from the difference between the resistance between the electrodes and the resistance between the electrodes when no ion exchange membrane was installed. The membrane used for the above measurement was previously equilibrated in a 0.5 mol / L-NaCl solution.
- Synthesis Example 2 Synthesis of thioester monomer-modified polyvinyl acetate (preceding stage of synthesis of side chain mercapto group-containing polyvinyl alcohol) In a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, an argon inlet, a comonomer addition port and a polymerization initiator addition port, 450 parts by mass of vinyl acetate, and the thioester monomer represented by the above chemical formula (a-11) as a comonomer 0.64 parts by mass and 330 parts by mass of methanol were charged, and the system was purged with argon for 30 minutes while carrying out argon bubbling.
- a methanol solution (concentration of 4% by mass) of the thioester monomer (a-11) was prepared as a comonomer sequential addition solution (hereinafter referred to as a delay solution), and argon was bubbled for 30 minutes.
- the temperature of the reactor was increased, and when the internal temperature reached 60 ° C., 0.1 part by mass of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile was added to initiate polymerization. While the polymerization reaction was in progress, the prepared delay solution was dropped into the system so that the monomer composition (molar ratio of vinyl acetate and thioester monomer (a-11)) in the polymerization solution became constant. . After polymerization at 60 ° C.
- Synthesis Example 3 Synthesis of Side Chain Mercapto Group-Containing Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA-2) Methanol was added to a methanol solution of polyvinyl acetate into which the thioester monomer (a-11) obtained in Synthesis Example 2 was introduced.
- Sodium hydroxide methanol solution (concentration 12.8%) was added, and saponification was performed at 40 ° C. (polyvinyl acetate concentration in which thioester monomer (a-11) of saponification solution was introduced, thioester concentration)
- the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to vinyl acetate units in the polyvinyl acetate in which the monomer (a-11) was introduced was 0.040).
- a gelled product was formed about 8 minutes after the addition of the sodium hydroxide methanol solution. This was pulverized by a pulverizer and further allowed to stand at 40 ° C. for 52 minutes to allow saponification to proceed. Methyl acetate was added thereto to neutralize the remaining alkali, and then thoroughly washed with methanol and dried in a vacuum dryer at 40 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain a side chain mercapto group-containing PVA (PVA-2). .
- chemical shift values obtained by 1 H-NMR measurement are shown below.
- Formula (I) determined by 1 H-NMR measurement The content of the structural unit represented by (modified amount) was 1.0 mol%. Moreover, the viscosity average degree of polymerization measured according to JIS K6726 was 1000, and the degree of saponification was 97.9 mol%.
- Synthesis Example 4 Aqueous solution P-1 (Aqueous solution of block copolymer PVA-b-PSS) In a 300 mL four-necked separable flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirring blade, 136 g of water, 25.0 g of PVA-1 as a polyvinyl alcohol having a mercapto group at the end and sodium parastyrenesulfonate (purity 90%: Tosoh Corporation) 14.0 g of Organic Chemical Co., Ltd.) was charged and heated to 90 ° C. with stirring to dissolve nitrogen while bubbling.
- PVA-1 Aqueous solution of block copolymer PVA-b-PSS
- Synthesis Example 5 Aqueous solution P-2 (Aqueous solution of block copolymer PVA-b-PSS) In a 300 mL four-necked separable flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirring blade, 144 g of water and 25.0 g of PVA-1 as polyvinyl alcohol having a mercapto group at the end and sodium parastyrenesulfonate (purity 90%: Tosoh Corporation) (Organic Chemical Co., Ltd.) was charged with 17.2 g, heated to 90 ° C. with stirring, and dissolved while bubbling nitrogen.
- PVA-1 polyvinyl alcohol having a mercapto group at the end
- sodium parastyrenesulfonate purity 90%: Tosoh Corporation
- Synthesis Example 6 Aqueous solution P-3 (aqueous solution of graft copolymer PVA-g-PSS) In a 300 mL four-necked separable flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirring blade, 136 g of water, 25.0 g of PVA-2 as a polyvinyl alcohol having a mercapto group in the side chain, and sodium parastyrenesulfonate (purity 90%: 14.0 g of Tosoh Organic Chemical Co., Ltd.) was charged and heated to 90 ° C. with stirring to dissolve nitrogen while bubbling.
- PVA-2 aqueous solution of graft copolymer PVA-g-PSS
- Synthesis Example 7 Aqueous solution P-4 (Aqueous solution of blend of PVA and PSS) In a 300 mL four-necked separable flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirring blade, 136 g of water, 25.0 g of polyvinyl alcohol (“PVA-117” manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) and sodium parastyrenesulfonate (purity 90%: 14.0 g of Tosoh Organic Chemical Co., Ltd.) was charged and heated to 90 ° C. with stirring to dissolve nitrogen while bubbling.
- PVA-117 polyvinyl alcohol
- sodium parastyrenesulfonate purity 90%: 14.0 g of Tosoh Organic Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Synthesis Example 8 Aqueous solution P-5 (Aqueous solution of block copolymer PVA-b-AMPS) In a 500 mL four-necked separable flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirring blade, 136 g of water, 25.0 g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-1) containing a terminal mercapto group and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) ) was charged to 90 ° C. with stirring and dissolved while bubbling nitrogen.
- PVA-1 polyvinyl alcohol
- AMPS 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
- Example 1 After adding 3.61 g of 47% sulfuric acid to 100 g of the aqueous solution P-1 obtained in Synthesis Example 4, it was applied on a PET film with a gap of 850 ⁇ m using an applicator bar.
- a vinylon nonwoven fabric BNF No. 2 (made by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) was bonded and dried at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes using a hot air dryer. Thereafter, the PET film was peeled off, and heat treatment was performed at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes with a high-temperature heat treatment machine to obtain an ion exchange membrane Q-1.
- Example 2 An ion exchange membrane Q-2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of sulfuric acid added was changed to 2.59 g.
- Example 3 An ion exchange membrane Q-3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of sulfuric acid added was changed to 1.57 g.
- Example 4 An ion exchange membrane Q-4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of sulfuric acid to be added was changed to 1.02 g.
- Example 5 An ion exchange membrane Q-5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the heat treatment condition in the high temperature heat treatment machine was changed to 130 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Example 6 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the aqueous solution P-2 obtained in Synthesis Example 5 was used instead of the aqueous solution P-1, and the amount of sulfuric acid to be added was changed to 1.57 g. Got.
- Example 7 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the aqueous solution P-3 obtained in Synthesis Example 6 was used in place of the aqueous solution P-1, and the amount of sulfuric acid added was changed to 1.57 g. Got.
- Example 8 An ion exchange membrane Q-8 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the aqueous solution P-4 obtained in Synthesis Example 7 was used instead of the aqueous solution P-1.
- Example 9 An ion exchange membrane Q-9 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the aqueous solution P-5 obtained in Synthesis Example 8 was used instead of the aqueous solution P-1, and sulfuric acid was not added.
- Example 10 An ion exchange membrane Q-10 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the aqueous solution P-6 obtained in Synthesis Example 9 was used instead of the aqueous solution P-1.
- Example 11 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the aqueous solution P-6 obtained in Synthesis Example 9 was used in place of the aqueous solution P-1, and the amount of sulfuric acid to be added was changed to 2.59 g. Got.
- Example 12 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the aqueous solution P-6 obtained in Synthesis Example 9 was used instead of the aqueous solution P-1, and the amount of sulfuric acid added was changed to 1.57 g. Got.
- Example 13 An ion exchange membrane Q-13 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the aqueous solution P-6 obtained in Synthesis Example 9 was used in place of the aqueous solution P-1, and the amount of sulfuric acid added was changed to 1.02 g. Got.
- Comparative Example 1 An ion exchange membrane Q-14 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the heat treatment conditions in the high-temperature heat treatment machine were changed to 110 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Comparative Example 2 An ion exchange membrane Q-15 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no sulfuric acid was added and no heat treatment was performed in a high-temperature heat treatment machine.
- Comparative Example 3 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the aqueous solution P-6 obtained in Synthesis Example 9 was used in place of the aqueous solution P-1, no sulfuric acid was added, and no heat treatment was performed using a high-temperature heat treatment machine. Exchange membrane Q-16 was obtained.
- Table 1 shows that an ion exchange membrane having a parameter A in the range of 30 or higher has high water resistance, low membrane resistance, and high dynamic transport number, so that the performance as an ion exchange membrane is also high (Examples). 1-13).
- the ion exchange membrane of Comparative Example 1 in which the parameter A is not in the range of 30 or more has a low membrane resistance, but does not have a sufficient dynamic transport number, and does not have sufficient performance as an ion exchange membrane.
- the ion exchange membranes of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 whose parameter A is not in the range of 30 or more have low water resistance, and are eluted when measuring membrane resistance or dynamic transport number, and these can be measured. There wasn't.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕イオン交換膜の赤外吸収スペクトルにおける1690cm-1の吸収波長の吸光度をXとし、1720cm-1の吸収波長の吸光度をYとし、吸収波長1690cm-1と1720cm-1との間の領域に対する積分値をZとし、イオン交換膜の厚みをTcmとしたとき、式(A):
〔2〕ポリビニルアルコール系重合体又は該重合体を含む組成物を含む、前記〔1〕に記載のイオン交換膜。
〔3〕ポリビニルアルコール系重合体又は該重合体を含む組成物はイオン性基を含む、前記〔2〕に記載のイオン交換膜。
〔4〕イオン性基はアニオン性基である、前記〔3〕に記載のイオン交換膜。
〔5〕イオン性基はカチオン性基である、前記〔3〕に記載のイオン交換膜。
〔6〕ポリビニルアルコール系重合体又は該重合体を含む組成物を熱処理することを含む、前記〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれかに記載のイオン交換膜の製造方法。
〔7〕前記重合体が、下記一般式(1):
で示されるブロック共重合体(BP)である、前記〔6〕に記載の製造方法。
〔8〕前記重合体が、下記一般式(2):
で示されるグラフト共重合体(GP)である、前記〔6〕に記載の製造方法。
パラメータAの値は、例えば後述する熱処理を行う方法、熱処理における加熱処理温度を高める方法、熱処理における加熱処理時間を長くする方法、pHを調節する方法などにより高くすることができる。これらの方法により、パラメータAの値を上記範囲に調整することができる。
本発明のイオン交換膜は、例えばポリビニルアルコール系重合体P(以下、単に重合体Pと称することもある)又は該重合体を含む組成物を熱処理することにより製造することができる。本発明は、ポリビニルアルコール単位を有する重合体Pを含む組成物を熱処理することを含むイオン交換膜の製造方法にも関する。
ポリビニルアルコール単位を有する重合体P1としては、好ましくは、下記一般式(P1):
で示される重合体が挙げられる。
イオン性基を有する重合体P2としては、好ましくは、下記一般式(P2):
で示される重合体が挙げられる。
ポリビニルアルコール単位及びイオン性基を有する重合体P3としては、好ましくは、下記一般式(1):
で示されるブロック共重合体(BP)、又は、下記一般式(2):
で示されるグラフト共重合体(GP)が挙げられる。
(Ia)ビニルアルコール系重合体を製造した後、該ビニルアルコール系重合体にイオン性基を結合させる方法、又は
(Ib)ビニルアルコール系重合体と、イオン性基を有する少なくとも1つの単量体とを重合させる方法
により製造することができる。
一般式(20):
で示される構成単位及びビニルアルコール系構成単位から構成される、一般式(21):
で示される側鎖メルカプト基含有ビニルアルコール系重合体と、イオン性基を有する単量体(M)とを用いて、例えば前記特許文献3や前記特許文献4等に記載された重合方法で製造することができる。
で示される不飽和二重結合を有するチオエステル系単量体から誘導することができる。
得られた共重合体のビニルエステル単位のエステル結合、及び、チオエステル系単量体(22)由来の構成単位のチオエステル結合は、ほぼ同じ条件で加水分解又は加アルコール分解することができる。したがって、得られた共重合体のビニルエステル単位のエステル結合及びチオエステル系単量体(22)由来の構成単位のチオエステル結合の加水分解又は加アルコール分解を、ビニルエステルの単独重合体をけん化する際の公知の方法及び条件を採用して行うことができる。
重合体Pを含む組成物中に、前記重合体P及び溶媒の他に、成形物の強度向上を目的として、適宜ポリビニルアルコールを添加してもよい。該ポリビニルアルコールの粘度平均重合度は特に限定されず、JIS K6726に準拠して測定して、好ましくは500~8,000であり、より好ましくは1,000~7,000である。
補強材料を膜状成形体に加工する際に、補強材料を重合体Pを含む組成物に添加、混合して使用してもよいし、補強材料に重合体Pを含む組成物を含浸させてもよいし、補強材料と製膜後の膜状成形体とを積層させてもよい。
イオン交換膜の赤外吸収スペクトルは、フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック株式会社製「Nicolet iS10」)を用いて、透過法にて測定した。
得られたスペクトルから、1690cm-1の吸収波長の吸光度(X)、1720cm-1の吸収波長の吸光度(Y)、及び、吸収波長1690cm-1と1720cm-1との間の領域に対する積分値(Z)を求め、次の式に代入することでパラメータAを算出した。なお、Tはイオン交換膜の厚み(cm)であり、マイクロメーターにより測定することができる。
イオン交換膜の動的輸率は、図2に示される白金黒電極板を有する2室セル中にイオン交換膜を挟み、イオン交換膜の両側に0.5mol/L-NaCl溶液を満たし電気透析を行った。イオンクロマトグラフィーを用いて、透析前後のイオン量の変化を計算し、次の式に代入することで動的輸率td +を算出した。
Ea:理論当量=I・t/F
Δm:移動当量
F:Faraday定数
膜抵抗は、図3に示される白金黒電極板を有する2室セル中にイオン交換膜を挟み、膜の両側に0.5mol/L-NaCl溶液を満たし、交流ブリッジ(周波数1000サイクル/秒)により25℃における電極間の抵抗を測定し、該電極間抵抗とイオン交換膜を設置しない場合の電極間抵抗との差により求めた。上記測定に使用する膜は、あらかじめ0.5mol/L-NaCl溶液中で平衡にしたものを用いた。
特開昭59-187003号公報に記載された方法(末端にメルカプト基を有するポリビニルアルコール系重合体及びその方法)によって、末端にメルカプト基を有するポリビニルアルコール(PVA-1)を合成した。得られたPVA-1のJIS K6726に準拠して測定した粘度平均重合度は1500、けん化度は99.9モル%であった。
攪拌機、還流冷却管、アルゴン導入管、コモノマー添加口及び重合開始剤の添加口を備えた反応器に、酢酸ビニル450質量部、コモノマーとして前記化学式(a-11)で示されるチオエステル系単量体、0.64質量部、及びメタノール330質量部を仕込み、アルゴンバブリングをしながら30分間系内をアルゴン置換した。これとは別に、コモノマーの逐次添加溶液(以降ディレー溶液と表記する)としてチオエステル系単量体(a-11)のメタノール溶液(濃度4質量%)を調製し、30分間アルゴンをバブリングした。反応器の昇温を開始し、内温が60℃となったところで、2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.1質量部を添加し重合を開始した。重合反応の進行中は、調製したディレー溶液を系内に滴下することで、重合溶液におけるモノマー組成(酢酸ビニルとチオエステル系単量体(a-11)のモル比率)が一定となるようにした。60℃で210分間重合した後、冷却して重合を停止した。重合停止時の重合率は40%であった。次に、30℃の減圧下でメタノールを追加しながら未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーを留去し、チオエステル系単量体(a-11)が導入された変性ポリビニルアセテートのメタノール溶液を得た。
合成例2で得たチオエステル系単量体(a-11)が導入されたポリ酢酸ビニルのメタノール溶液にメタノールを加え、さらに水酸化ナトリウムメタノール溶液(濃度12.8%)を添加して、40℃でけん化を行った(けん化溶液のチオエステル系単量体(a-11)が導入されたポリ酢酸ビニル濃度30%、チオエステル系単量体(a-11)が導入されたポリ酢酸ビニル中の酢酸ビニルユニットに対する水酸化ナトリウムのモル比0.040)。水酸化ナトリウムメタノール溶液を添加後約8分でゲル化物が生成したので、これを粉砕機にて粉砕し、さらに40℃で52分間放置してけん化を進行させた。これに酢酸メチルを加えて残存するアルカリを中和した後、メタノールでよく洗浄し、真空乾燥機中40℃で12時間乾燥することにより、側鎖メルカプト基含有PVA(PVA-2)を得た。また、1H-NMR測定により得られた化学シフト値を以下に示す。1H-NMR測定により求めた式(I):
δ(ppm):1.3-1.9(-CH2CH(OH)-)、2.0-2.2(-CH2CH(OCOCH3)-)、2.5-2.6(CONHCH2CH2SH)、3.5-4.2(-CH2CH(OH)-,-CH(COOH)CH-,CONHCH2CH2SH)
還流冷却管、攪拌翼を備え付けた300mLの四つ口セパラブルフラスコに、水136g、末端にメルカプト基を有するポリビニルアルコールとしてPVA-1を25.0gとパラスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム(純度90%:東ソー有機化学株式会社製)を14.0g仕込み、攪拌下90℃まで加熱して窒素をバブリングしつつ溶解した。窒素置換後、上記水溶液に2,2'-アゾビス[2-メチル-N-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-2-プロピオンアミド]の2.0%水溶液11.8mLを1.5時間かけて逐次的に添加して重合を開始させ、進行させた。次いで、系内温度を90℃に4時間維持して重合をさらに進行させた後、冷却し、ポリビニルアルコールとパラスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウムのブロック共重合体PVA-b-PSSの水溶液P-1を作製した。該水溶液のpHは7.0であった。水溶液P-1の一部を乾燥した後、重水に溶解し、500MHzでの1H-NMR測定に付した結果、PSS単位の変性量は10モル%であった。
還流冷却管、攪拌翼を備え付けた300mLの四つ口セパラブルフラスコに、水144g、末端にメルカプト基を有するポリビニルアルコールとしてPVA-1を25.0gとパラスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム(純度90%:東ソー有機化学株式会社製)を17.2g仕込み、攪拌下90℃まで加熱して窒素をバブリングしつつ溶解した。窒素置換後、上記水溶液に2,2'-アゾビス[2-メチル-N-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-2-プロピオンアミド]の2.0%水溶液14.5mLを1.5時間かけて逐次的に添加して重合を開始させ、進行させた。次いで、系内温度を90℃に4時間維持して重合をさらに進行させた後、冷却し、ポリビニルアルコールとパラスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウムのブロック共重合体PVA-b-PSSの水溶液P-2を作製した。該水溶液のpHは7.0であった。水溶液P-10の一部を乾燥した後、重水に溶解し、500MHzでの1H-NMR測定に付した結果、PSS単位の変性量は12モル%であった。
還流冷却管、攪拌翼を備え付けた300mLの四つ口セパラブルフラスコに、水136g、側鎖にメルカプト基を有するポリビニルアルコールとしてPVA-2を25.0gとパラスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム(純度90%:東ソー有機化学株式会社製)を14.0g仕込み、攪拌下90℃まで加熱して窒素をバブリングしつつ溶解した。窒素置換後、上記水溶液に2,2'-アゾビス[2-メチル-N-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-2-プロピオンアミド]の2.0%水溶液11.8mLを1.5時間かけて逐次的に添加して重合を開始させ、進行させた。次いで、系内温度を90℃に4時間維持して重合をさらに進行させた後、冷却し、ポリビニルアルコールとパラスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウムのグラフト共重合体PVA-g-PSSの水溶液P-3を作製した。該水溶液のpHは7.0であった。水溶液P-3の一部を乾燥した後、重水に溶解し、500MHzでの1H-NMR測定に付した結果、PSS単位の変性量は10モル%であった。
還流冷却管、攪拌翼を備え付けた300mLの四つ口セパラブルフラスコに、水136g、ポリビニルアルコール(株式会社クラレ製「PVA-117」)を25.0gとパラスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム(純度90%:東ソー有機化学株式会社製)を14.0g仕込み、攪拌下90℃まで加熱して窒素をバブリングしつつ溶解した。窒素置換後、上記水溶液に2,2'-アゾビス[2-メチル-N-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-2-プロピオンアミド]の2.0%水溶液11.8mLを1.5時間かけて逐次的に添加して重合を開始させ、進行させた。次いで、系内温度を90℃に4時間維持して重合をさらに進行させた後、冷却し、ポリビニルアルコールとポリスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウムの混合水溶液P-4を作製した。該水溶液のpHは7.0であった。
還流冷却管、攪拌翼を備え付けた500mLの四つ口セパラブルフラスコに、水136g、末端メルカプト基含有ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-1)を25.0gと2-アクリルアミド-2-メチルプロパンスルホン酸(AMPS)を13.1g仕込み、攪拌下90℃まで加熱して窒素をバブリングしつつ溶解した。窒素置換後、上記水溶液に2,2'-アゾビス[2-メチル-N-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-2-プロピオンアミド]の2.0%水溶液11.9mLを1.5時間かけて逐次的に添加して重合を開始させ、進行させた。次いで、系内温度を90℃に4時間維持して重合をさらに進行させた後、冷却し、ポリビニルアルコールと2-アクリルアミド-2-メチルプロパンスルホン酸のブロック共重合体PVA-b-AMPSの水溶液P-5を作製した。該水溶液のpHは0.9であった。水溶液P-5の一部を乾燥した後、重水に溶解し、500MHzでの1H-NMR測定に付した結果、AMPS単位の変性量は10モル%であった。
還流冷却管、攪拌翼を備え付けた500mLの四つ口セパラブルフラスコに、水137g、末端メルカプト基含有ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-1)を25.0gとビニルベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド(VBTAC)を13.4g仕込み、攪拌下90℃まで加熱して窒素をバブリングしつつ溶解した。窒素置換後、上記水溶液に2,2'-アゾビス[2-メチル-N-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-2-プロピオンアミド]の2.0%水溶液12.2mLを1.5時間かけて逐次的に添加して重合を開始させ、進行させた。次いで、系内温度を90℃に24時間維持して重合をさらに進行させた後、冷却し、ポリビニルアルコールとビニルベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライドのブロック共重合体PVA-b-VBTACの水溶液P-6を作製した。該水溶液のpHは8.0であった。水溶液P-6の一部を乾燥した後、重水に溶解し、500MHzでの1H-NMR測定に付した結果、VBTAC単位の変性量は10モル%であった。
合成例4で得た水溶液P-1 100gに対して、47%硫酸を3.61g添加した後、PETフィルム上にアプリケーターバーを用いてギャップ850μmにて塗布した。その上に、ビニロン不織布BNF No.2(株式会社クラレ製)を貼合し、熱風乾燥機を用いて80℃で30分乾燥させた。その後、PETフィルムを剥離して、高温熱処理機にて150℃30分間の条件で熱処理を行い、イオン交換膜Q-1を得た。
添加する硫酸量を2.59gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、イオン交換膜Q-2を得た。
添加する硫酸量を1.57gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、イオン交換膜Q-3を得た。
添加する硫酸量を1.02gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、イオン交換膜Q-4を得た。
高温熱処理機での熱処理条件を130℃30分間に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、イオン交換膜Q-5を得た。
水溶液P-1に代えて合成例5で得た水溶液P-2を用い、添加する硫酸量を1.57gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、イオン交換膜Q-6を得た。
水溶液P-1に代えて合成例6で得た水溶液P-3を用い、添加する硫酸量を1.57gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、イオン交換膜Q-7を得た。
水溶液P-1に代えて合成例7で得た水溶液P-4を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、イオン交換膜Q-8を得た。
水溶液P-1に代えて合成例8で得た水溶液P-5を用い、硫酸の添加を行わないこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、イオン交換膜Q-9を得た。
水溶液P-1に代えて合成例9で得た水溶液P-6を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、イオン交換膜Q-10を得た。
水溶液P-1に代えて合成例9で得た水溶液P-6を用い、添加する硫酸量を2.59gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、イオン交換膜Q-11を得た。
水溶液P-1に代えて合成例9で得た水溶液P-6を用い、添加する硫酸量を1.57gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、イオン交換膜Q-12を得た。
水溶液P-1に代えて合成例9で得た水溶液P-6を用い、添加する硫酸量を1.02gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、イオン交換膜Q-13を得た。
高温熱処理機での熱処理条件を110℃30分間に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、イオン交換膜Q-14を得た。
硫酸の添加を行わず、高温熱処理機での熱処理を行わないこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、イオン交換膜Q-15を得た。
水溶液P-1に代えて合成例9で得た水溶液P-6を用い、硫酸の添加を行わず、高温熱処理機での熱処理を行わないこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、イオン交換膜Q-16を得た。
B:アンペアメーター
C:クーロンメーター
D:ボルトメーター
E:モーター
F:スターラー
G:カソード電極
H:アノード電極
I:0.5M NaCl水溶液
J:イオン交換膜(有効膜面積8.0cm2)
K:イオン交換膜(有効膜面積1.0cm2)
L:白金電極
M:NaCl水溶液
N:水浴
O:LCRメーター
Claims (8)
- ポリビニルアルコール系重合体又は該重合体を含む組成物を含む、請求項1に記載のイオン交換膜。
- ポリビニルアルコール系重合体又は該重合体を含む組成物はイオン性基を含む、請求項2に記載のイオン交換膜。
- イオン性基はアニオン性基である、請求項3に記載のイオン交換膜。
- イオン性基はカチオン性基である、請求項3に記載のイオン交換膜。
- ポリビニルアルコール系重合体又は該重合体を含む組成物を熱処理することを含む、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のイオン交換膜の製造方法。
- 前記重合体が、下記一般式(2):
で示されるグラフト共重合体(GP)である、請求項6に記載の製造方法。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2017500737A JPWO2016133170A1 (ja) | 2015-02-20 | 2016-02-18 | イオン交換膜 |
CN201680011037.1A CN107428969A (zh) | 2015-02-20 | 2016-02-18 | 离子交换膜 |
US15/552,172 US20180044491A1 (en) | 2015-02-20 | 2016-02-18 | Ion-exchange membrane |
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CN115315299A (zh) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-11-08 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 精制方法 |
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JP5531267B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-13 | 2014-06-25 | 国立大学法人山口大学 | イオン交換膜およびその製造方法 |
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- 2016-02-18 JP JP2017500737A patent/JPWO2016133170A1/ja active Pending
- 2016-02-18 WO PCT/JP2016/054753 patent/WO2016133170A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-02-18 CN CN201680011037.1A patent/CN107428969A/zh active Pending
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CN115315299A (zh) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-11-08 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 精制方法 |
CN115315299B (zh) * | 2020-07-13 | 2024-06-04 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 精制方法 |
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CN107428969A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
JPWO2016133170A1 (ja) | 2017-12-07 |
US20180044491A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
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