WO2016125404A1 - 炭化ケイ素半導体装置の製造方法及び炭化ケイ素半導体装置 - Google Patents
炭化ケイ素半導体装置の製造方法及び炭化ケイ素半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a silicon carbide semiconductor device and a silicon carbide semiconductor device, and more particularly to a method for reducing the number of defects in a silicon carbide epitaxial film formed on a silicon carbide substrate.
- SiC semiconductor devices have been formed on silicon substrates, but silicon materials are approaching the performance limit in terms of physical properties, silicon carbide with high substrate withstand voltage, low power loss, high temperature operation and high frequency operation ( SiC) semiconductor devices are attracting attention.
- a SiC semiconductor device uses a low-resistance SiC substrate as a base, forms a SiC epitaxial film thereon, and implants impurities to form a device structure.
- SiC has many polytypes (crystal polymorphs) such as 2H, 3C, 4H, 6H, and 15R due to the difference in the periodic structure at the time of bonding between Si and C, and mismatch tends to occur during crystal growth. There is a problem. For this reason, when a SiC single crystal is produced, crystals of different polytypes cannot be avoided, and there are many crystal defects such as dislocations due to crystal mismatch.
- a SiC epitaxial film is formed on a SiC substrate, threading screw dislocations or threading edge dislocations on the SiC substrate surface are transferred as they are, or converted into basal plane dislocations or carrot defects, and propagated to the epitaxial film. It may become a defect.
- defects that are not caused by the underlying layer also exist in the SiC epitaxial film.
- the manufactured SiC semiconductor device has a leakage current abnormality and a breakdown voltage failure, so that the product yield decreases.
- Patent Documents 1 to 5 listed below disclose defect reduction methods that are performed on the surface of a SiC substrate before the formation of an epitaxial film.
- Patent Document 6 a SiC epitaxial film is formed on a SiC substrate, heated until the surface roughness Ra of the epitaxial film becomes 1 nm or more, and then planarized until Ra becomes less than 0.5 nm.
- An epitaxial film defect reduction method is disclosed.
- Patent Documents 1 to 5 have a problem that defects in the epitaxial film that are not caused by the underlying layer cannot be removed.
- the method described in Patent Document 6 has a problem that step bunching occurs as a side effect.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a silicon carbide semiconductor device capable of reducing defects in a silicon carbide epitaxial film formed on a silicon carbide substrate, and a silicon carbide semiconductor device obtained thereby.
- a method of manufacturing a silicon carbide semiconductor device of the present invention includes a step (A) of forming an epitaxial film of silicon carbide on a silicon carbide substrate, and chemical mechanical polishing the surface of the epitaxial film, A step (B) of performing a planarization process until an arithmetic average surface roughness Ra becomes 0.3 nm or less, a step (C) of thermally oxidizing the surface of the epitaxial film to form a sacrificial oxide film, and the sacrificial oxide film And a step (E) of cleaning the surface of the epitaxial film from which the sacrificial oxide film has been removed with deionized water.
- defects generated during the growth of the epitaxial film can be removed by chemical mechanical polishing, and further, processing damage caused by chemical mechanical polishing can be removed together with the sacrificial oxide film.
- the silicon carbide substrate used in the step (A) is planarized with an arithmetic average surface roughness Ra of 1 nm or less by chemical mechanical polishing.
- the number of defects in the epitaxial film starting from the crystal defects of the silicon carbide substrate can be reduced.
- the polishing amount of the epitaxial film in the step (B) is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- defects in the epitaxial film particularly pit-like defects that occupy the majority of the defects can be removed.
- the thickness of the sacrificial oxide film in the step (C) is 20 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
- the formation temperature of the sacrificial oxide film in the step (C) is 800 ° C. or higher and 1350 ° C. or lower.
- the thickness of the sacrificial oxide film can be accurately controlled.
- the sacrificial oxide film in the step (D) is removed with an aqueous solution containing hydrofluoric acid.
- the smooth surface roughness before sacrificial oxidation can be maintained.
- the silicon carbide semiconductor device of the present invention is preferably a silicon carbide semiconductor device manufactured by any of the methods described above.
- crystal defects generated during the growth of the epitaxial film can be removed by chemical mechanical polishing, and processing damage due to chemical mechanical polishing can be removed together with the sacrificial oxide film.
- the manufacturing method of the SiC semiconductor device of the present invention is as follows: (A) a step of forming a SiC epitaxial film; (B) a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) step; (C) a sacrificial oxide film forming step; (D) a sacrificial oxide film removal step; (E) the cleaning process, It is comprised from the manufacturing process included in the order described above.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- a chemical mechanical polishing step can be inserted before the step (A) to improve the flatness of the SiC substrate.
- the surface of the SiC substrate can be cleaned by inserting a reactive plasma irradiation step before the step (A).
- scrub cleaning can be inserted after the step (B) to remove the abrasive adhered to the surface of the SiC epitaxial film.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the above process flow.
- SiC epitaxial film 2 is formed on SiC substrate 1, and in step (B), SiC epitaxial film 2 is chemically mechanically polished.
- step (C) sacrificial oxide film 3 is formed, and in step (D) The sacrificial oxide film 3 is removed in step (E) and washed with deionized water (DIW) in step (E).
- DIW deionized water
- the defect 4 generated in the step (A) is removed by the chemical mechanical polishing in the step (B).
- SiC substrate used for this invention is not specifically limited, For example, what sliced the bulk crystal obtained by the sublimation method or the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method can be used.
- the polytype of the SiC single crystal is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 4H—SiC, 6H—SiC, and 3C—SiC.
- 4H—SiC having high withstand voltage and high carrier mobility is preferably used. It is done.
- the main surface of the substrate on which the epitaxial growth is performed is not particularly limited. For example, in the case of a 4H—SiC substrate, a (0001) Si surface, a (0001) C surface, and the like can be given.
- the substrate is preferably an off substrate having an off angle of 1 to 12 ° with respect to the [0001] direction, and is inclined at an off angle of 4 ° or 8 °.
- a cut substrate is more preferable.
- the surface of the SiC substrate is preferably flattened so that the arithmetic average surface roughness Ra is 1 nm or less.
- the surface of the SiC substrate can be subjected to chemical mechanical polishing before the SiC epitaxial film is formed. According to such an aspect, the number of defects that propagate from the SiC substrate surface to the SiC epitaxial film can be reduced.
- SiC epitaxial film formation process The method for forming the SiC epitaxial film on the SiC substrate is not particularly limited, and can be formed by, for example, the low pressure CVD method or the atmospheric pressure CVD method.
- examples of the Si supply source include monosilane and dichlorosilane
- examples of the C supply source include propane and methane.
- nitrogen, ammonia, etc. can be added as n-type dopant gas
- trimethylaluminum can be added as p-type dopant gas.
- hydrogen, argon or the like can be used as a carrier gas.
- the CVD temperature is preferably 1400 ° C. or higher and 1800 ° C. or lower, more preferably 1500 ° C. or higher and 1750 ° C. or lower. If it is lower than 1500 ° C., the growth rate is slow, and if it is higher than 1750 ° C., surface defects are generated, which is not preferable.
- the CVD pressure is preferably 0 Pa or more and 20 Pa or less, and more preferably 1 Pa or more and 15 Pa or less.
- the CVD apparatus for forming the SiC epitaxial film is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of having a hot wall formed of graphite in a water-cooled double cylindrical tube and heating with an induction coil.
- the surface of the SiC substrate may be gas-etched as a pretreatment.
- the surface defect can be reduced by bringing hydrogen chloride gas into contact with a SiC substrate heated to 1000 ° C. or more to etch the SiC surface.
- the chemical epitaxial polishing can be performed so that the arithmetic average surface roughness Ra of the SiC epitaxial film is 0.3 nm or less. If the Ra of the SiC epitaxial film is larger than 0.3 nm, the gate oxide film formed on the SiC epitaxial film becomes a film with many pinholes and interface states, which is not preferable because reliability and device performance are deteriorated.
- the polishing amount of the SiC epitaxial film is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the method of chemically mechanically polishing the surface of the SiC epitaxial film is not particularly limited.
- a chemical mechanical polishing method using a fixed abrasive a chemical mechanical polishing method using a soft polishing pad and an abrasive solution, or a fixed abrasive is used.
- a chemical mechanical polishing method using a soft polishing pad and an abrasive solution may be used after polishing.
- Commercially available polishing pads and polishing agent solutions can be used.
- the surface of the SiC epitaxial film in order to remove the processing damage of the SiC epitaxial film introduced by chemical mechanical polishing, the surface of the SiC epitaxial film can be thermally oxidized to form a sacrificial oxide film having a thickness of 20 nm to 100 nm.
- the processing damage means fine scratches, crystal lattice disturbance, and foreign matter fixing caused by rubbing the surface of the SiC epitaxial film against abrasive grains or a polishing pad.
- the sacrificial oxide film grows, it is absorbed into the sacrificial oxide film and disappears, or decomposes and sublimates, so that an SiC epitaxial film with good crystallinity can be left under the sacrificial oxide film.
- the method for forming the sacrificial oxide film is not particularly limited.
- the oxidizing gas may be mixed with a gas containing a halogen element (for example, hydrogen chloride).
- the SiC epitaxial film Prior to thermal oxidation, the SiC epitaxial film may be washed with an aqueous solution in which ammonia water and hydrogen peroxide water are mixed, an aqueous solution in which hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide water are mixed, or an aqueous solution containing hydrofluoric acid. . In this way, the SiC epitaxial film can be oxidized with less organic matter and metal contamination.
- the sacrificial oxide film is a film with many pinholes and trap levels grown while absorbing defects in the SiC epitaxial film, it is not preferable to use it as a gate insulating film or an isolation film. Therefore, in the present invention, the sacrificial oxide film formed by thermally oxidizing the SiC epitaxial film can be selectively removed by immersing it in an aqueous solution containing, for example, hydrofluoric acid. Since SiC does not dissolve in hydrofluoric acid, a smooth surface roughness before sacrificial oxidation is maintained, and a high-quality gate insulating film can be formed thereon.
- the sacrificial oxide film can be removed, washed with running deionized water (DIW), and then dried to obtain a clean surface.
- DIW running deionized water
- the drying method is not particularly limited, and for example, spin drying, isopropyl alcohol vapor drying, or the like can be used.
- a SiC semiconductor device can be manufactured by using a SiC substrate having a SiC epitaxial film with a small number of defects obtained by the above process.
- the SiC semiconductor device manufactured in this way has a gate insulating film with no pinholes and few interface states, high withstand voltage, low leakage current, high saturation current, and excellent reliability and performance. ing.
- Example 10 The surface of the SiC substrate (polytype 4H, 4 ° off substrate) was subjected to chemical mechanical polishing, and the arithmetic average surface roughness Ra was measured by an atomic force microscope. Next, after forming an SiC epitaxial film having a film thickness of 10 ⁇ m by low pressure CVD, the SiC epitaxial film was polished and removed from the surface to a depth of 50 nm by chemical mechanical polishing. Thereafter, a defect map was obtained by a surface defect inspection apparatus using a confocal microscope, and the arithmetic average surface roughness Ra of the SiC epitaxial film was measured by an atomic force microscope.
- the surface of the SiC substrate (polytype 4H, 4 ° off substrate) was subjected to chemical mechanical polishing, and the arithmetic average surface roughness Ra was measured by an atomic force microscope.
- a defect map is obtained by a surface defect inspection apparatus using a confocal microscope, and an arithmetic average surface of the SiC epitaxial film is further obtained by an atomic force microscope. The roughness Ra was measured.
- Figures 2 and 3 show the acquired defect maps.
- the defects of the SiC epitaxial film are indicated by black dots.
- the number of defects was dramatically reduced in the chemical mechanical polishing example (FIG. 2).
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show surface unevenness images of the SiC epitaxial film measured by an atomic force microscope.
- Ra was 1.0 nm, but in the chemical mechanical polishing example (FIG. 4), Ra was reduced to 0.254 nm. The target value of 0.3 nm or less is achieved.
- SiC substrate 2 SiC epitaxial film 3: Sacrificial oxide film 4: Defect
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Abstract
Description
(A)SiCエピタキシャル膜の形成工程と、
(B)化学機械研磨(CMP)工程と、
(C)犠牲酸化膜の形成工程と、
(D)犠牲酸化膜の除去工程と、
(E)洗浄工程とを、
上記に記載された順に含む製造工程から構成されていることを特徴とする。
本発明に用いられるSiC基板は、特に限定されず、例えば昇華法あるいは化学気相成長(CVD)法によって得られたバルク結晶をスライスしたものを用いることができる。
SiC基板上にSiCエピタキシャル膜を形成する方法は、特に限定されず、例えば、減圧CVD法、あるいは常圧CVD法によっても形成できる。
本発明においては、化学機械研磨によって、SiCエピタキシャル膜の算術平均表面粗さRaが0.3nm以下となるように平坦化することができる。SiCエピタキシャル膜のRaが0.3nmよりも大きいと、SiCエピタキシャル膜上に形成されるゲート酸化膜はピンホールや界面準位の多い膜となり、信頼性やデバイス性能が低下するので好ましくない。
本発明においては、化学機械研磨によって導入されたSiCエピタキシャル膜の加工ダメージを除去するために、SiCエピタキシャル膜の表面を熱酸化して厚さ20nm以上100nm以下の犠牲酸化膜を形成することができる。ここで、加工ダメージとは、SiCエピタキシャル膜の表面が砥粒や研磨パッドに擦られることによって生じる、微細な傷や、結晶格子の乱れ、及び異物固着のことを意味し、これらの加工ダメージは、犠牲酸化膜の成長に伴ない、犠牲酸化膜中に吸収されて消失するか、分解されて昇華するため、犠牲酸化膜の下には結晶性のよいSiCエピタキシャル膜を残こすことができる。
犠牲酸化膜は、SiCエピタキシャル膜の欠陥を吸収しながら成長した、ピンホールやトラップ準位の多い膜であるため、ゲート絶縁膜やアイソレーション膜として使用することは好ましくない。そこで、本発明においては、SiCエピタキシャル膜を熱酸化して形成した犠牲酸化膜を、例えばフッ化水素酸を含む水溶液に浸漬して選択的に除去することができる。SiCはフッ化水素酸には溶解しないため、犠牲酸化前の滑らかな表面粗さが維持され、この上に高品質のゲート絶縁膜を形成することができる。
本発明においては、犠牲酸化膜を除去した後に脱イオン水(DIW)で流水洗浄し、その後乾燥して、清浄表面を得ることができる。乾燥方法は、特に限定されず、例えばスピン乾燥、イソプロピルアルコール蒸気乾燥などを用いることができる。
上記工程によって得られた、欠陥数が少ないSiCエピタキシャル膜を有するSiC基板を用いて、SiC半導体装置を製造することができる。
SiC基板(ポリタイプ4H、4°オフ基板)の表面を化学機械研磨し、原子間力顕微鏡によって算術平均表面粗さRaを測定した。次に、減圧CVD法によって膜厚10μmのSiCエピタキシャル膜を形成した後、化学機械研磨によりSiCエピタキシャル膜を表面から50nmの深さまで研磨除去した。この後、コンフォーカル顕微鏡を用いた表面欠陥検査装置によって欠陥マップを取得し、さらに原子間力顕微鏡によって、SiCエピタキシャル膜の算術平均表面粗さRaを測定した。
SiC基板(ポリタイプ4H、4°オフ基板)の表面を化学機械研磨し、原子間力顕微鏡によって算術平均表面粗さRaを測定した。次に、減圧CVD法によって膜厚10μmのSiCエピタキシャル膜を形成した後、コンフォーカル顕微鏡を用いた表面欠陥検査装置によって欠陥マップを取得し、さらに原子間力顕微鏡によって、SiCエピタキシャル膜の算術平均表面粗さRaを測定した。
2:SiCエピタキシャル膜
3:犠牲酸化膜
4:欠陥
Claims (7)
- 炭化ケイ素基板上に炭化ケイ素のエピタキシャル膜を形成する工程(A)と、
該エピタキシャル膜の表面を化学機械研磨して、算術平均表面粗さRaが0.3nm以下となるまで平坦化処理する工程(B)と、
前記エピタキシャル膜の表面を熱酸化して犠牲酸化膜を形成する工程(C)と、
該犠牲酸化膜を除去する工程(D)と、
前記犠牲酸化膜を除去したエピタキシャル膜の表面を脱イオン水で洗浄する工程(E)と、
を含む、炭化ケイ素半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記工程(A)に用いられる炭化ケイ素基板は、化学機械研磨によって、算術平均表面粗さRaが1nm以下に平坦化されている請求項1に記載の炭化ケイ素半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記工程(B)において、
前記エピタキシャル膜の研磨量が0.3μm以上1μm以下である請求項1記載の炭化ケイ素半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記工程(C)において、
前記犠牲酸化膜の厚さが20nm以上100nm以下である請求項1記載の炭化ケイ素半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記工程(C)において、
前記犠牲酸化膜の形成温度が800℃以上1350℃以下である請求項1記載の炭化ケイ素半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記工程(D)において、
前記犠牲酸化膜をフッ化水素酸を含む水溶液で除去する請求項1記載の炭化ケイ素半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載された方法によって製造された炭化ケイ素半導体装置。
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| US11189518B2 (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-11-30 | Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc. | Method of processing a semiconductor wafer |
| CN111403273B (zh) * | 2020-03-12 | 2022-06-14 | 上海华力集成电路制造有限公司 | 晶圆减薄工艺方法 |
| TWI716304B (zh) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-01-11 | 環球晶圓股份有限公司 | 碳化矽晶片的表面加工方法 |
| CN112259451B (zh) * | 2020-09-22 | 2022-11-29 | 山东天岳先进科技股份有限公司 | 一种碳化硅晶片的位错识别方法及碳化硅晶片与应用 |
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