WO2016098309A1 - 導電性酸化物焼結体、導電用部材、ガスセンサ、圧電素子、及び、圧電素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
導電性酸化物焼結体、導電用部材、ガスセンサ、圧電素子、及び、圧電素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conductive oxide sintered body, a conductive member using the same, a gas sensor, a piezoelectric element, and a method for manufacturing the piezoelectric element.
- a ceramic product as an electronic component includes a ceramic base and an electrode provided on the base, and the electrode is generally formed of a metal.
- Such products include, for example, multilayer ceramic capacitors having Ni electrodes, Pd electrodes, or Pt electrodes, LTCC parts having Ag electrodes, Cu electrodes, or Ag—Pd electrodes (low temperature co-fired ceramics), Pd electrodes. Piezo actuators, semiconductor packages having W electrodes, Ir electrodes, or spark plugs having Pt electrodes.
- Ni, Cu, and W need to be controlled in the atmosphere when firing together with the ceramic substrate, there is a problem that it is difficult to exhibit the original performance of the ceramic substrate and the manufacturing cost is increased.
- Ag has a low melting point (962 ° C.)
- the material of the ceramic base is limited, and further, the characteristics of the ceramic base may be deteriorated due to firing at a low temperature.
- noble metal materials such as Pd, Ir, and Pt are expensive, it is difficult to apply them to electrodes that require a large area.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a lanthanum cobalt-based oxide having a negative resistance-temperature characteristic in which a resistance value is high at room temperature and the resistance value decreases as the temperature increases as an oxide for an electrode.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a lanthanum cobalt-based oxide that has a high resistance value near room temperature and a large absolute value of the B constant at high temperatures.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a nonmagnetic substrate material for a magnetic head, and a La (Co, Ni) O 3 oxide is cited as a reference example.
- the conductive oxides described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 have high resistivity at room temperature and insufficient conductivity.
- the La (Co, Ni) O 3 oxide described in Patent Document 3 is described as having a crack. If a crack occurs, the electrical resistance increases, so that it is still unsuitable as an electrode material.
- the firing temperature of the conductive oxide can be arbitrarily selected according to the material of the base material and the manufacturing conditions of the ceramic product. Is preferred. More specifically, when the conductive oxide is formed on the fired substrate oxide by secondary firing, it may be desirable to fire at a low temperature of about 1100 ° C. By firing at a low temperature of about 1100 ° C., the reaction between the base oxide and the conductive oxide can be reduced or suppressed, and the original characteristics of the base oxide may be impaired. Can be reduced.
- the conductive oxide when the conductive oxide is formed on the base oxide such as alumina or zirconia by simultaneous firing, firing at 1350 ° C. or higher may be required. In this case, warping and cracking of the ceramic product can be suppressed by matching the firing temperatures of the base oxide and the conductive oxide. Furthermore, if the firing temperature of the conductive oxide is optimized according to the material of the base material, the adhesion between the base material and the conductive oxide can be improved. Considering such points, it is desirable to arbitrarily select the firing temperature of the conductive oxide from a wide temperature range according to the application.
- the conductive oxide material described in Patent Document 4 As an inexpensive electrode material that can be fired in the air atmosphere, the conductive oxide material described in Patent Document 4 is known. However, the conductive oxide material described in Patent Document 4 needs to be fired at a high firing temperature of 1250 ° C. or higher. However, since the piezoelectric material contains an element having a low melting point (alkali metal, Pb, Bi, or the like) as a main component, the electrode material for the piezoelectric element is preferably fired at 1200 ° C. or lower. That is, as an electrode material for a piezoelectric element, a conductive oxide that can be fired at a firing temperature of 1200 ° C. or less in an air atmosphere is desired.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and can be realized as the following modes.
- a conductive oxide sintered body including a crystal phase having a perovskite-type oxide crystal structure represented.
- the a, b, c and d are 0.474 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.512, 0.050 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.350, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.250, 0.050 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.350
- the firing temperature can be selected in the range of about 1100 ° C. to about 1500 ° C. while achieving a room temperature conductivity of 100 S / cm or more.
- the rare earth element RE may be La. According to this configuration, a conductive oxide sintered body having a higher room temperature conductivity can be obtained.
- the firing temperature can be selected in the range of about 1100 ° C. to about 1500 ° C. while achieving room temperature conductivity of 400 S / cm or more. Furthermore, if an optimum firing temperature is selected, room temperature conductivity of 1200 S / cm or more can be achieved.
- the present invention can be realized in various forms.
- a conductive oxide sintered body various electrodes using the same, electric wiring, a conductive member, a gas sensor (specifically, oxygen Sensor, NOx sensor, etc.), thermoelectric material, heater material, piezoelectric element, temperature detecting element, manufacturing method thereof, and the like.
- the above-described conductive oxide sintered body can be fired at a firing temperature of 1200 ° C. or lower in an air atmosphere and can be used as an electrode material suitable for a piezoelectric element.
- the flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of the electroconductive oxide sintered compact in one Embodiment Explanatory drawing which shows an example of a gas sensor.
- the flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of a gas sensor. The figure which shows the composition and characteristic of a some sample.
- the flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of a piezoelectric element. The figure which shows the experimental result regarding the sample of a piezoelectric element.
- a conductive oxide sintered body is an oxide sintered body including a crystal phase having a perovskite oxide crystal structure that satisfies the following composition formula. is there.
- RE a Co b Cu c Ni d O x ...
- RE represents a rare earth element
- a + b + c + d 1 and 1.25 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.75.
- the coefficients a, b, c, and d satisfy the following relationship. 0.474 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.512 (2a) 0.050 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.350 (2b) 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.250 (2c) 0.050 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.350 (2d)
- the rare earth element RE may include one or more of various rare earth elements such as La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, and Sm, and may include one or more of La, Pr, and Nd. preferable.
- the absolute value of the B constant becomes smaller.
- the firing temperature can be selected in the range of about 1100 ° C. to about 1500 ° C. while achieving the room temperature conductivity of 100 S / cm or more.
- room temperature conductivity means conductivity at 25 ° C.
- coefficient b of Co (cobalt) is less than 0.050 or exceeds 0.350, room temperature conductivity of 100 S / cm or more may not be obtained, or the sinterability may be poor.
- the coefficient c of Cu (copper) is 0 or 0.250 or more
- the adhesion to the ceramic substrate is inferior, or the room temperature conductivity of 100 S / cm or more cannot be obtained, or In some cases, the sinterability is poor.
- the coefficient d of Ni (nickel) is less than 0.050 or exceeds 0.350, room temperature conductivity of 100 S / cm or more may not be obtained, or the sinterability may be poor.
- the coefficients a, b, c, and d more preferably satisfy the following relationship. 0.487 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.506 (3a) 0.050 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.250 (3b) 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.250 (3c) 0.200 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.275 (3d) If the coefficients a, b, c, d satisfy these relationships, the firing temperature can be selected in the range of about 1100 ° C. to about 1500 ° C. while achieving room temperature conductivity of 400 S / cm or more. Furthermore, if an optimum firing temperature is selected, room temperature conductivity of 1200 S / cm or more can be achieved.
- the conductive oxide sintered body according to the embodiment of the present invention only needs to contain the perovskite phase having the above composition, and may contain other oxides.
- a peak of an oxide of RE ⁇ MO 3 (where M is Co, Cu, or Ni) is detected by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement of a conductive oxide sintered body
- XRD powder X-ray diffraction
- the conductive oxide sintered body contains a perovskite phase.
- the conductive oxide sintered body preferably contains 50% by mass or more of the perovskite phase having the above composition.
- the conductive oxide sintered body is allowed to contain a trace amount of an alkaline earth metal element within a range that does not affect the conductivity, but is substantially free of an alkaline earth metal element.
- the oxide sintered compact suitable as an electroconductive material used in a high temperature environment is obtained.
- substantially free of alkaline earth metal element means that the alkaline earth metal element cannot be detected or identified even by fluorescent X-ray analysis (XRF).
- the oxide sintered body according to the embodiment of the present invention is used as, for example, a metal substitute for various electrodes, electrical wiring, conductive members, gas sensors, thermoelectric materials, heater materials, and temperature detection elements.
- the conductive member can be realized as having a conductive layer formed of a conductive oxide sintered body on the surface of a ceramic substrate.
- a gas sensor is realizable as what is provided with the electrode formed with the electroconductive oxide sintered compact.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a conductive oxide sintered body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Step T110 after the raw material powder of the conductive oxide sintered body is weighed, the raw material powder mixture is adjusted by wet mixing and drying. For example, REOH 3 or RE 2 O 3 , Co 3 O 4 , CuO, and NiO can be used as the raw material powder.
- step T120 the raw material powder mixture is calcined at 700 to 1200 ° C. for 1 to 5 hours in the air atmosphere to prepare a calcined powder.
- Step T130 an appropriate amount of an organic binder is added to the calcined powder, and this is put into a resin pot together with a dispersion solvent (for example, ethanol), and wet-mixed and pulverized using zirconia cobblestone to obtain a slurry.
- a dispersion solvent for example, ethanol
- the obtained slurry is dried at 80 ° C. for about 2 hours, and further granulated through a 250 ⁇ m mesh sieve to obtain a granulated powder.
- step T140 the obtained granulated powder is formed by a press.
- step T150 conductive oxide sintering is obtained by firing at a firing temperature (1000 to 1550 ° C., preferably about 1100 to 1500 ° C.) higher than the calcination temperature in step T120 in the air atmosphere for 1 to 5 hours. . After firing, the plane of the conductive oxide sintered body may be polished as necessary.
- a firing temperature 1000 to 1550 ° C., preferably about 1100 to 1500 ° C.
- FIG. 2 (A) is a front view showing an example of a gas sensor using a conductive oxide sintered body as another embodiment
- FIG. 2 (B) is a sectional view thereof.
- the gas sensor 100 includes a base material 110 made of a cylindrical ceramic (specifically, zirconia doped with yttria as a stabilizer), a noble metal external electrode 120 formed on the outer surface of the base material 110, This is an oxygen sensor having an air reference electrode 130 formed on the inner surface of the substrate 110.
- the air reference electrode (reference electrode) 130 is a conductor layer formed of a conductive oxide sintered body. In this example, the air reference electrode 130 is formed over substantially the entire inner surface of the substrate 110.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing the gas sensor 100.
- the material of the base material 110 for example, yttria-stabilized zirconia powder
- the external electrode 120 is formed on the surface of the raw processed body by printing or dipping using Pt or Au paste.
- firing is performed at a firing temperature of 1250 to 1600 ° C. to obtain a yttria-stabilized zirconia sintered body.
- step T240 the calcined powder prepared in accordance with steps T110 and T120 in FIG.
- step T250 after drying, an oxygen sensor is obtained by firing at 1100 ° C., for example.
- the various manufacturing conditions in the manufacturing method of FIG.1 and FIG.3 mentioned above are examples, and can be suitably changed according to the use etc. of a product.
- FIG. 4 shows the composition and characteristics of a plurality of samples as examples and comparative examples.
- samples S01 to S19 are examples
- samples S31 to S37 are comparative examples.
- the oxide sintered body of each sample was prepared according to the manufacturing method described in FIG. 1 and finally subjected to planar polishing to obtain a 3.0 mm ⁇ 3.0 mm ⁇ 15 mm rectangular parallelepiped sample.
- Step T110 the raw materials were weighed and mixed according to the composition shown in FIG.
- the rare earth element RE was La in the samples S01 to S16, S19, and S31 to S37, Pr in the sample S17, and Nd in the sample S18.
- FIG. 4 shows representative firing temperatures for each sample.
- This firing temperature is a firing temperature when the water absorption rate (described later) is 0.10 wt% or less and the highest room temperature conductivity is obtained.
- the highest room temperature conductivity was obtained when baked at a temperature of 1100 to 1450 ° C.
- Sample S37 was not sufficiently sintered.
- FIG. 4 shows the evaluation results of four items of room temperature conductivity, specific gravity, sinterability, and peel strength for each sample.
- Room temperature conductivity, sinterability, and peel strength were measured or evaluated as follows.
- ⁇ When the water absorption exceeds 0.10 wt% ⁇ : When the water absorption is 0.05 wt% or more and 0.10 wt% or less ⁇ : When the water absorption is less than 0.05 wt%
- the evaluation result of the water absorption is , ⁇ , or ⁇ shows good sinterability such that the oxide sintered body has a dense structure, and there is no practical problem in using the sintered body as a conductor.
- ⁇ Adhesion test> The adhesion test between the conductive oxide sintered body and the substrate was performed as follows. First, a sintered YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia) substrate processed into a flat plate shape was prepared. Moreover, the calcined powder of the oxide of each composition shown in FIG. 4 is dissolved in a solvent such as ethanol to form a slurry, and the slurry is applied to a YSZ substrate, dried, and then fired at 1100 ° C. A sample for adhesion test was prepared. For the adhesion test sample, the peel strength at the interface between the conductive oxide sintered body and the YSZ substrate was measured using a surface interface cutting analysis (SAICAS) method.
- SAICAS surface interface cutting analysis
- DN-100S type SAICAS manufactured by Daipura Wintes Co., Ltd. was used.
- the peel strength test was performed at a shear angle of 45 °, a pressing load of 0.5 N, a balance load of 0.5 N, and cutting was performed in a constant speed mode (vertical speed 0.4 ⁇ m / sec, horizontal speed 8 ⁇ m / sec). The horizontal and vertical forces were recorded.
- the peel strength P was calculated from the obtained horizontal force FH and blade width w using the following formula (5).
- P [kN / m] FH [kN] / w [m] (5)
- the peel strength was evaluated according to the following criteria. ⁇ : When P is less than 0.1 kN / m ⁇ : When P is 0.1 kN / m or more and less than 1.0 kN / m ⁇ : When P is 1.0 kN / m or more
- the three samples S03, S17, and S18 have the same coefficients a, b, c, and d, but are different from each other in that the rare earth elements RE are La, Pr, and Nd, respectively.
- the sample S03 in which the rare earth element RE is La is preferable in terms of higher room temperature conductivity than the samples S17 and S18 in which the rare earth element RE is Pr and Nd, respectively.
- the absolute value of the B constant it is preferable to use La as the rare earth element RE because it tends to be smaller than the case of using other rare earth elements.
- the samples S01 to S19 of the example all satisfy the composition given by the above formulas (1), (3a) to (3d).
- These samples S01 to S08, S15 are preferable in that a room temperature conductivity of 1200 S / cm or more can be achieved if an optimum firing temperature is selected.
- the specific gravity shown in FIG. 4 is a value obtained at a typical sintering temperature, and is listed as an index indicating the denseness of the sintered body.
- the higher specific gravity is better, but it is preferably 5.0 g / cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- FIG. 5 shows the B constant of several representative samples.
- the B constant was measured as follows. ⁇ Measurement method of B constant> From the conductivity at 25 ° C. and 900 ° C. measured by the method described in the above ⁇ Measurement of conductivity>, the B constant (K) was calculated according to the following formula (6).
- the absolute value of the B constant is 220 or less and is sufficiently small, and a sufficiently high conductivity can be obtained even if the temperature changes.
- illustration of other samples of the examples is omitted, it was confirmed that the same tendency was shown. That is, the samples S01 to S19 of the example have a B constant suitable for use as a conductor layer.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in specific gravity and room temperature conductivity depending on the firing temperature for a representative sample.
- FIG. 6 shows changes in specific gravity and room temperature conductivity when the firing temperature is changed for samples S02 to S07, S31, and S32 in which the Ni coefficient d is a constant value of 0.25.
- the samples S02 to S07 of the example a high room temperature conductivity of 400 S / cm or more can be obtained even when the firing temperature is changed in the range of 1050 ° C. to 1550 ° C.
- the sample S32 of the comparative example is not preferable as compared with the sample of the example in that the room temperature conductivity when sintered at the firing temperature of 1100 ° C. is as low as about 10 S / cm.
- the sample S31 of the comparative example has a sufficiently high room temperature conductivity at a firing temperature in the range of 1350 to 1550 ° C., but has a low peel strength (right end column in FIG. 4). Further, in the sample S31, when the firing temperature is 1300 ° C. or lower, the sinterability tends to decrease and the specific gravity tends to decrease rapidly.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing changes in specific gravity and room temperature conductivity depending on the firing temperature for other representative samples.
- FIG. 7 shows changes in specific gravity and room temperature conductivity when the firing temperature is changed for samples S08 to S11, S31, and S33 having a constant Co coefficient b of 0.25.
- the sample S08 to S11 of the example even when the firing temperature is changed in the range of 1050 ° C. to 1550 ° C., high room temperature conductivity exceeding 100 S / cm can be obtained.
- the sample S33 of the comparative example is not preferable as compared with the sample of the example in that the room temperature conductivity when sintered at a firing temperature of 1100 ° C. is a considerably low value of less than 100 S / cm.
- the firing temperature can be selected in the range of about 1100 ° C. to about 1500 ° C., while achieving the room temperature conductivity. Furthermore, depending on the composition, the firing temperature can be selected in the range of 1050 ° C to 1550 ° C. Further, when the coefficients a, b, c, d satisfy the above relationships (3a) to (3d) (samples S01 to S08, S12, S13, S15 in FIG.
- the room temperature conductivity of 400 S / cm or more is obtained.
- the firing temperature can be selected in the range of about 1100 ° C. to about 1500 ° C. while achieving the rate. Furthermore, if an optimum firing temperature is selected, room temperature conductivity of 1200 S / cm or more can be achieved.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a piezoelectric element as another embodiment of the present invention.
- the piezoelectric element 200 has a configuration in which electrodes 301 and 302 are attached to the upper and lower surfaces of a disk-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 300.
- the electrodes 301 and 302 are formed by the conductive oxide sintered body described above.
- piezoelectric elements of various shapes and configurations other than this can be formed.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing the piezoelectric element 200.
- Step T310 the piezoelectric material powder is pressed to produce a green body (unsintered compact) having the shape (disk shape) of the piezoelectric ceramic 300 shown in FIG.
- the piezoelectric material for example, a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5823014 (JP5823014B) owned by the applicant of the present application can be used, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. .
- a preferable form of this lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition includes at least a main phase (first crystal phase) made of niobium / alkali tantalate perovskite oxide having piezoelectric characteristics, and a subphase (first phase) which is a crystal phase other than the main phase.
- first crystal phase made of niobium / alkali tantalate perovskite oxide having piezoelectric characteristics
- subphase (first phase) which is a crystal phase other than the main phase.
- a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition that may contain two crystal phases and the like.
- the piezoelectric ceramic 300 may be formed using other piezoelectric materials (for example, leaded piezoelectric material).
- the perovskite oxide forming the main phase of the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition those represented by the following composition formula are preferable.
- the element C is one or more of Ca (calcium), Sr (strontium), Ba (barium), and Rb (rubidium)
- the element D is Nb (niobium), Ta (tantalum), Ti (titanium), Zr (zirconium).
- a typical composition of the main phase is as follows. (K a Na b Li c Ca d1 Ba d2) e (Nb f1 Ti f2 Zr f3) O h ... (8)
- the subphase of the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition may include one or more metal oxides selected from the following (a) to (e).
- (b) M-Ti-O-based spinel compound (element M is a monovalent to pentavalent metal)
- C) A 2 B 6 O 13- based compound (element A is a monovalent metal, element B is a divalent to hexavalent metal)
- D) A 3 B 5 O 15 compound (element A is a 1 to 2 valent metal, element B is a 2 to 5 valent metal)
- (E) A-Ti-BO compound (element A is an alkali
- step T320 of FIG. 9 firing is performed at a firing temperature of over 1000 ° C. and below 1200 ° C. (preferably about 1150 ° C.) in an air atmosphere to obtain a piezoelectric ceramic sintered body.
- step 330 both surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic sintered body are polished and processed into a predetermined shape (for example, ⁇ 16 mm ⁇ thickness 1 mm).
- step T340 the calcined powder prepared in accordance with steps T110 and T120 in FIG. 1 is dissolved in a solvent such as terpineol or butyl carbitol together with a binder such as ethyl cellulose to produce a conductive oxide paste, Apply to both sides of the knot.
- Step T350 after drying, the piezoelectric element 200 (FIG. 8) is obtained by firing in an air atmosphere at a firing temperature lower than that in Step T320 (for example, 1000 ° C. or more and less than 1200 ° C., preferably about 1100 ° C.). Get. Further, in step 360, the piezoelectric element 200 is completed by performing a polarization process at, for example, 4 kV / mm, 10 min, 40 ° C.
- the various manufacturing conditions in the manufacturing method of FIG. 9 mentioned above are examples, and can be suitably changed according to the use etc. of a product.
- the piezoelectric ceramic 300 and the electrodes 301 and 302 may be fired simultaneously in a single firing process.
- the second firing step T350 for firing the conductive oxide electrodes 301 and 302 is performed. .
- firing is performed at a firing temperature lower than that in the first firing step T320. If the piezoelectric ceramic 300 and the conductive oxide electrodes 301 and 302 are simultaneously fired in one firing process, the composition of the piezoelectric ceramic 300 and the electrodes 301 and 302 changes due to diffusion of elements during firing. There is a possibility. In order to prevent a change in composition due to firing, it may be necessary to provide a diffusion prevention layer between the green compact of the piezoelectric ceramic and the conductive oxide paste for the electrode.
- the second firing step T350 for firing the electrode at a lower firing temperature is performed after the first firing step T320 for firing the piezoelectric ceramic, such a diffusion prevention layer. It is possible to obtain the piezoelectric element 200 having a desired composition without providing the.
- the preferable firing temperature of the conductive oxide for electrodes is desirably 1200 ° C. or lower.
- the firing temperature of each sample described in FIG. 4 described above is a typical firing temperature when the water absorption is 0.10 wt% or less and the highest room temperature conductivity is obtained as described above.
- Examples of the conductive oxide having a typical firing temperature of 1200 ° C. or lower are samples S03 to S07. Considering these points, it is preferable that the conductive oxides for the electrodes of the piezoelectric element 200 satisfy the following relationships in the coefficients a, b, c, d in the above equation (1). 0.494 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.506 (9a) 0.050 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.250 (9b) 0.100 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.200 (9c) 0.200 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.270 (9d)
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing experimental results regarding samples S38 to S40 of the piezoelectric element 200.
- the piezoelectric ceramic 300 includes a first crystal phase (main phase) composed of an alkali perovskite oxide niobate having the composition of the above formula (8), and a metal oxide (Co 3 O 4 , ZnO, Fe 2 O 3 ).
- a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition having a sub-phase content of 5% by volume or less.
- the electrodes 301 and 302 were formed of the conductive oxide of the sample S05 in FIG.
- the right end of FIG. 10 shows the result of evaluating the piezoelectric constant d 33 and the relative dielectric constant ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 for each sample.
- Piezoelectric properties d 33 is measured by a d 33 meter (IAAS Co. ZJ-4B), the relative dielectric constant ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 was measured by 1kHz by an impedance analyzer (HP4194A manufactured by Hewlett Packard).
- the piezoelectric constant d 33 is 300 pC / N or more, and the relative dielectric constant ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 is 2300 or more, so that sufficiently good piezoelectric characteristics can be obtained. It was. Therefore, it was confirmed that the conductive oxide having the composition of the above formula (1) can be used as an oxide electrode material for a piezoelectric element that can be fired at low cost in the atmosphere.
Abstract
Description
0.474≦a≦0.512、
0.050≦b≦0.350、
0<c<0.250、
0.050≦d≦0.350
を満たすことを特徴とする導電性酸化物焼結体。
この導電性酸化物焼結体によれば、100S/cm以上の室温導電率を達成しつつ、焼成温度を約1100℃から約1500℃の範囲で選択可能となる。
この構成によれば、室温導電率がより高い導電性酸化物焼結体を得ることができる。
0.487≦a≦0.506、
0.050≦b≦0.250、
0<c<0.250、
0.200≦d≦0.275
を満たすものとしても良い。
この構成によれば、400S/cm以上の室温導電率を達成しつつ、焼成温度を約1100℃から約1500℃の範囲で選択可能となる。更に、最適な焼成温度を選択すれば、1200S/cm以上の室温導電率を達成可能である。
本発明の一実施形態としての導電性酸化物焼結体は、以下の組成式を満たすペロブスカイト型酸化物結晶構造を有する結晶相を含む酸化物焼結体である。
REaCobCucNidOx …(1)
ここで、REは希土類元素を表し、a+b+c+d=1、1.25≦x≦1.75である。また、係数a,b,c,dは以下の関係を満たす。
0.474≦a≦0.512 …(2a)
0.050≦b≦0.350 …(2b)
0<c<0.250 …(2c)
0.050≦d≦0.350 …(2d)
0.487≦a≦0.506 …(3a)
0.050≦b≦0.250 …(3b)
0<c<0.250 …(3c)
0.200≦d≦0.275 …(3d)
係数a,b,c,dがこれらの関係を満足すれば、400S/cm以上の室温導電率を達成しつつ、焼成温度を約1100℃から約1500℃の範囲で選択可能となる。更に、最適な焼成温度を選択すれば、1200S/cm以上の室温導電率を達成可能である。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態における導電性酸化物焼結体の製造方法を示すフローチャートである。工程T110では、導電性酸化物焼結体の原料粉末を秤量した後、湿式混合して乾燥することにより、原料粉末混合物を調整する。原料粉末としては、例えば、REOH3又はRE2O3、Co3O4、CuO及びNiOを用いることができる。工程T120では、この原料粉末混合物を大気雰囲気下、700~1200℃で1~5時間仮焼して仮焼粉末を作成する。工程T130では、この仮焼粉末に適量の有機バインダを加え、これを分散溶媒(例えばエタノール)と共に樹脂ポットに投入し、ジルコニア玉石を用いて湿式混合粉砕してスラリーを得る。工程T130では、得られたスラリーを80℃で2時間ほど乾燥し、さらに、250μmメッシュの篩を通して造粒し、造粒粉末を得る。工程T140では、得られた造粒粉末をプレス機によって成形する。工程T150では、大気雰囲気下、工程T120における仮焼温度よりも高い焼成温度(1000~1550℃、好ましくは約1100~1500℃)で1~5時間焼成することによって導電性酸化物焼結を得る。焼成の後には、必要に応じて導電性酸化物焼結体の平面を研磨してもよい。
図4は、実施例及び比較例としての複数のサンプルの組成及び特性を示している。ここでは、サンプルS01~S19は実施例であり、サンプルS31~S37は比較例である。各サンプルの酸化物焼結体は、図1で説明した製造方法に従ってそれぞれ作成し、最後に平面研磨を行って、3.0mm×3.0mm×15mmの直方体状のサンプルを得た。なお、工程T110では、図4に示す組成に従って原料を秤量・混合した。希土類元素REは、サンプルS01~S16,S19,S31~S37ではLaとし、サンプルS17ではPr、サンプルS18ではNdとした。
各サンプルについて、直流4端子法により導電率を測定した。測定に用いる電極及び電極線にはPtを用いた。また導電率測定は、電圧・電流発生器(エーディーシー社製のモニタ6242型)を用いた。
各サンプルに対し、JIS-R-1634に基づき焼結性を評価した。具体的には、まずサンプルの乾燥重量W1と飽水重量W3を測定し、以下の式(4)を用いて吸水率を算出した。
吸水率(%)=(W3-W1)/W1×100 …(4)
そして、以下の基準で焼結性を評価した。
×:吸水率が0.10wt%を超えた場合
△:吸水率が0.05wt%以上0.10wt%以下の場合
○:吸水率が0.05wt%未満の場合
なお、吸水率の評価結果が、△又は○であれば、酸化物焼結体が緻密な組織を有するような良好な焼結性を示し、当該焼結体を導電体として用いることに実用上問題はない。
導電性酸化物焼結体と基材との密着試験は以下のように行った。まず、平板状に加工した焼結済みのYSZ(イットリア安定化ジルコニア)基材を準備した。また、図4に示す各組成の酸化物の仮焼粉末を、エタノール等の溶媒に溶解してスラリーとし、そのスラリーを、YSZ基材に塗布し、乾燥した後、1100℃で焼成することにより、密着試験用サンプルを作製した。この密着試験用サンプルに対し、表面界面切削分析(SAICAS)法を用いて、導電性酸化物焼結体とYSZ基材の界面の剥離強度を測定した。剥離強度の測定装置は、ダイプラ・ウィンテス社製DN-100S型SAICASを用いた。切削刃には刃幅:w=2.0mm、すくい角20°、逃げ角10°の焼結BN(ボラゾン)製切削刃を用いた。剥離強度試験の条件は、剪断角度は45°、押圧荷重を0.5N、バランス加重0.5Nとし、定速度モード(垂直速度0.4μm/sec、水平速度8μm/sec)にて切削を行い、水平、垂直力を記録した。得られた水平力FHと刃幅wから以下の式(5)を用いて、剥離強度Pを算出した。
P[kN/m]=FH[kN]/w[m] …(5)
そして、以下の基準で剥離強度を評価した。
×:Pが0.1kN/m未満の場合
△:Pが0.1kN/m以上 1.0kN/m未満の場合
○:Pが1.0kN/m以上の場合
<B定数の測定方法>
上記<導電率の測定>で説明した方法で測定した25℃と900℃の導電率から、下記(6)式に従ってB定数(K)を算出した。
B定数=ln(ρ1/ρ2)/(1/T1-1/T2) …(6)
ρ1=1/σ1
ρ2=1/σ2
ρ1:絶対温度T1(K)における抵抗率(Ωcm)
ρ2:絶対温度T2(K)における抵抗率(Ωcm)
σ1:絶対温度T1(K)における導電率(S/cm)
σ2:絶対温度T2(K)における導電率(S/cm)
T1=298.15(K)
T2=1143.15(K)
図8は、本発明の他の実施形態としての圧電素子を示す斜視図である。この圧電素子200は、円板状の圧電磁器300の上面と下面に電極301,302が取り付けられた構成を有している。電極301,302は、上述した導電性酸化物焼結体によって形成される。なお、圧電素子としては、これ以外の種々の形状や構成の圧電素子を形成可能である。
(KaNabLicCd)e(DfEg)Oh …(7)
ここで、元素CはCa(カルシウム),Sr(ストロンチウム),Ba(バリウム),Rb(ルビジウム)の一種以上、元素DはNb(ニオブ),Ta(タンタル),Ti(チタン),Zr(ジルコニウム)のうちの少なくともNb又はTaを含む一種以上、元素EはMg(マグネシウム),Al(アルミニウム),Sc(スカンジウム),Mn(マンガン),Fe(鉄),Co(コバルト),Ni(ニッケル),Zn(亜鉛),Ga(ガリウム),Y(イットリウム)の一種以上であり、a+b+c+d=1、eは任意、f+g=1、hはペロブスカイトを構成する任意の値であり、典型的には2.9≦h≦3.1である。
(KaNabLicCad1Bad2)e(Nbf1Tif2Zrf3)Oh …(8)
ここで、a+b+c+d1+d2=1、eは任意、f1+f2+f3=1、hはペロブスカイトを構成する任意の値である。
(a)Mg(マグネシウム),Ni(ニッケル),Co(コバルト),Fe(鉄),Mn(マンガン),Cr(クロム),Zr(ジルコニウム),Ti(チタン),Ag(銀),Zn(亜鉛),Sc(スカンジウム),Bi(ビスマス)から選ばれた金属元素からなる単一金属酸化物
(b)M-Ti-O系スピネル化合物(元素Mは1~5価の金属)
(c)A2B6O13系化合物(元素Aは1価の金属、元素Bは2~6価の金属)
(d)A3B5O15系化合物(元素Aは1~2価の金属、元素Bは2~5価の金属)
(e)A-Ti-B-O系化合物(元素Aはアルカリ金属、元素BはNbとTaのうちの少なくとも1種)
なお、副相は存在しなくても良いが、副相が存在する場合には、副相の含有割合の合計値は、無鉛圧電磁器組成物の全体に対して5体積%以下とすることが好ましい。
0.494≦a≦0.506 …(9a)
0.050≦b≦0.250 …(9b)
0.100≦c≦0.200 …(9c)
0.200≦d≦0.270 …(9d)
なお、この発明は上記の実施例や実施形態に限られるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の態様において実施することが可能である。
110…基材
120…外部電極
130…空気参照電極(導電体層)
200…圧電素子
300…圧電磁器
301,302…電極
Claims (7)
- 組成式:REaCobCucNidOx(但し、REは希土類元素を表し、a+b+c+d=1、1.25≦x≦1.75)で表されるペロブスカイト型酸化物結晶構造を有する結晶相を含み、前記a,b,c,dが、
0.474≦a≦0.512、
0.050≦b≦0.350、
0<c<0.250、
0.050≦d≦0.350
を満たすことを特徴とする導電性酸化物焼結体。 - 請求項1に記載の導電性酸化物焼結体であって、
前記希土類元素REは、Laであることを特徴とする導電性酸化物焼結体。 - 請求項2に記載の導電性酸化物焼結体であって、
前記a,b,c,dが、
0.487≦a≦0.506、
0.050≦b≦0.250、
0<c<0.250、
0.200≦d≦0.275
を満たすことを特徴とする導電性酸化物焼結体。 - 導電用部材であって、
セラミックス製の基材と、
前記基材の表面に、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の導電性酸化物焼結体で形成された導電体層と、
を備えることを特徴とする導電用部材。 - 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の導電性酸化物焼結体で形成された電極を備えることを特徴とするガスセンサ。
- 圧電磁器組成物で形成された圧電磁器と、
前記圧電磁器の表面に、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の導電性酸化物焼結体で形成された電極と、
を備えることを特徴とする圧電素子。 - 請求項6記載の圧電素子を製造する製造方法であって、
前記圧電磁器組成物で形成された未焼結成形体を作製する工程と、
前記未焼結成形体を第1の焼成温度で焼成することによって前記圧電磁器を得る第1焼成工程と、
前記圧電磁器の表面に、前記導電性酸化物焼結体を形成するための導電性酸化物ペーストを塗布する工程と、
前記導電性酸化物ペーストが塗布された前記圧電磁器を、前記第1の焼成温度よりも低い第2の焼成温度で焼成する第2焼成工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする圧電素子の製造方法。
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CN107001145A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
JP6152481B2 (ja) | 2017-06-21 |
US10629322B2 (en) | 2020-04-21 |
DE112015005617T5 (de) | 2017-09-14 |
DE112015005617B4 (de) | 2019-07-11 |
CN107001145B (zh) | 2020-05-19 |
JPWO2016098309A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
US20180330843A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
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