WO2016084321A1 - 研磨層用成形体及び研磨パッド - Google Patents
研磨層用成形体及び研磨パッド Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016084321A1 WO2016084321A1 PCT/JP2015/005640 JP2015005640W WO2016084321A1 WO 2016084321 A1 WO2016084321 A1 WO 2016084321A1 JP 2015005640 W JP2015005640 W JP 2015005640W WO 2016084321 A1 WO2016084321 A1 WO 2016084321A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polishing
- thermoplastic polyurethane
- polishing layer
- chain extender
- diol
- Prior art date
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- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
- B24B37/20—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/24—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces characterised by the composition or properties of the pad materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
- B24B37/20—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/22—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces characterised by a multi-layered structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
- B24B37/20—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/26—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces characterised by the shape of the lapping pad surface, e.g. grooved
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/304—Mechanical treatment, e.g. grinding, polishing, cutting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a molded article for a polishing layer used as a polishing layer of a polishing pad for polishing a semiconductor wafer, a semiconductor device, a silicon wafer, a hard disk, a glass substrate, an optical product, or various metals.
- CMP Chemical mechanical polishing
- a polishing method used for mirror-finishing a semiconductor wafer or planarizing the surface of an insulating film or a conductor film of a semiconductor device.
- CMP is a method in which the surface of a material to be polished such as a wafer is polished with a polishing pad using a polishing slurry containing abrasive grains and a reaction liquid (hereinafter also simply referred to as slurry).
- non-woven polishing pads have been widely used as polishing pads for CMP.
- the nonwoven fabric type polishing pad is a flexible polishing pad including a nonwoven fabric impregnated with polyurethane.
- Non-woven polishing pads have the advantage of good contact with the material to be polished because they are flexible.
- the nonwoven fabric has voids, it has an advantage of good slurry retention.
- the nonwoven fabric type polishing pad is flexible, it has a disadvantage in that the performance of flattening the surface to be polished (referred to as flattening property) is low.
- the nonwoven fabric type polishing pad also has a drawback that it becomes easy to cause scratches on the surface to be polished when the voids of the nonwoven fabric are clogged with abrasive grains or polishing scraps. Furthermore, when abrasive grains or polishing debris penetrates deeply into the voids of the nonwoven fabric, they cannot be removed sufficiently by washing, thereby shortening the service life.
- a polishing pad mainly composed of a polymer foam is also known as a type of polishing pad different from a non-woven fabric type polishing pad.
- a polishing pad mainly composed of a polymer foam has a higher rigidity than a non-woven fabric type polishing pad, and therefore has excellent flatness.
- the polishing pad mainly composed of a polymer foam has a closed cell structure, abrasive grains and polishing debris do not penetrate deeply into the void unlike a nonwoven fabric type polishing pad. For this reason, since the removal of abrasive grains and polishing debris by cleaning is relatively easy, the life is relatively long.
- a polishing pad mainly composed of a polymer foam for example, a polishing comprising a foamed polyurethane molded product obtained by casting and molding a two-component curable polyurethane as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 6 below as a polishing layer. Pads are known.
- a polishing pad provided with a thermoplastic foamed polyurethane molded body as a polishing layer as shown in Patent Document 7 below is also known.
- polishing pads used for planarization of semiconductor devices are required to have higher planarity.
- a polishing pad with high flatness has a high polishing rate at a portion to be polished and a low polishing rate at a portion that should not be polished.
- a polishing pad with high flatness is required to have high hardness.
- a polishing pad provided with a foamed polyurethane molded body as a polishing layer has high flatness because the hardness of the polishing layer is relatively high.
- Patent Documents 8 and 9 listed below disclose a high-hardness polishing pad provided with a non-porous thermoplastic polyurethane molded body as a polishing layer.
- JP 2000-178374 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-248034 JP 2001-89548 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-322878 JP 2002-371154 A International Publication No. 2007/034980 JP 2004-35669 A JP 2014-038916 A JP 2009-101487 A
- a conventional polishing pad comprising a non-porous thermoplastic polyurethane molded article as a polishing layer has been difficult to achieve both high moldability and high flatness.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a molded article for a polishing layer having both high moldability and high flatness.
- One aspect of the present invention is a polymer diol, an organic diisocyanate, a first chain extender containing a diol having 4 or less carbon atoms, a second chain extender containing a diol having 5 or more carbon atoms, And a non-porous polishing layer comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane having a nitrogen content of 6.3 to 7.4% by mass derived from an isocyanate group of an organic diisocyanate. Molded article.
- the thermoplastic polyurethane as described above has high moldability. Further, since the non-porous thermoplastic polyurethane molded body has high hardness, it exhibits high flatness when used as a polishing layer.
- the first chain extender ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2- At least one selected from the group consisting of methyl-1,3-propanediol, and the second chain extender is 1,5-pentanediol, 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol, 3- Methyl 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, cyclohexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,9-nonanediol, 2-methyl-1,8-octanediol, and 1, It is preferable to include at least one selected from the group consisting of 10-decanediol.
- thermoplastic polyurethane has an endothermic peak by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at 185 ° C. or less, and the crystallization enthalpy ( ⁇ H) obtained from the endothermic peak area at the endothermic peak is 2 to 15 J / g. Is preferable from the viewpoint of particularly excellent moldability.
- first chain extender and the second chain extender having a difference in carbon number of 2 or more are included, it is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent moldability.
- the molded article for the polishing layer is preferable because it has a density of 1.0 g / cm 3 or more and a JIS-D hardness of 75 or more from the viewpoint of excellent flatness.
- the molded body for the polishing layer has a surface having a contact angle with water of 75 degrees or less, it is preferable from the viewpoint that scratches hardly occur on the surface to be polished.
- thermoplastic polyurethane has a tensile elastic modulus at 50 ° C. of 250 to 1500 MPa when saturated and swollen with hot water at 50 ° C.
- a polishing layer capable of maintaining a hardness high enough not to generate scratches can be obtained.
- thermoplastic polyurethane has the following formula: A / B ⁇ 100 (A is a storage elastic modulus at 50 ° C. when saturated and swollen with warm water at 50 ° C., B is when not saturated and swollen with warm water at 50 ° C.
- A is a storage elastic modulus at 50 ° C. when saturated and swollen with warm water at 50 ° C.
- B is when not saturated and swollen with warm water at 50 ° C.
- the storage elastic modulus retention ratio at the time of water saturation swelling calculated from the storage elastic modulus at 50 ° C. is 55% or more, it is preferable because the polishing characteristics hardly change over time during polishing.
- the polymer diol contains at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, and polymethyltetramethylene glycol, it is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent hydrophilicity.
- the molded body for the polishing layer includes a polished surface having a concave portion
- the concave portion has a tapered corner portion that widens toward the polished surface, burrs are less likely to occur at the corner portion of the concave portion during polishing. It is preferable from the point.
- another aspect of the present invention is a polishing pad including any of the above-described molded products for a polishing layer as a polishing layer. According to such a polishing pad, polishing excellent in polishing uniformity can be realized.
- a molded article for an abrasive layer that is excellent in moldability and exhibits high flatness when used as an abrasive layer.
- FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph showing an example of burrs generated at the corners of the recesses of the polishing layer.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph showing an example of a groove having a tapered corner portion that spreads toward the polishing surface in the polishing layer of the polishing pad.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view illustrating CMP using the polishing pad of the present embodiment.
- the molded article for polishing layer of this embodiment includes a polymer diol, an organic diisocyanate, a first chain extender containing a diol having 4 or less carbon atoms, and a second chain containing a diol having 5 or more carbon atoms.
- polymer diol examples include polyether diol, polyester diol, and polycarbonate diol.
- polyether diol examples include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, polymethyltetramethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol, and glycerin-based polyalkylene ether glycol. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polyester diol examples include those obtained by directly esterifying or transesterifying an ester-forming derivative such as dicarboxylic acid or its ester or anhydride and a low molecular weight diol.
- dicarboxylic acid examples include, for example, oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, 2-methylsuccinic acid, 2-methyladipic acid, 3- Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as methyl adipic acid, 3-methylpentanedioic acid, 2-methyloctanedioic acid, 3,8-dimethyldecanedioic acid, 3,7-dimethyldecanedioic acid; Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as dimerized aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 14 to 48 carbon atoms (dimer acid) obtained by dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids obtained by fractional distillation and hydrogenated products thereof (hydrogenated dimer acid); 1,4 -Alicyclic dicarboxylic acids such as
- dimer acid and hydrogenated dimer acid examples include trade names “Pripol 1004”, “Plipol 1006”, “Plipol 1009”, and “Plipol 1013” manufactured by Unikema Corporation. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- low molecular diol examples include, for example, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and neopentyl glycol.
- 1,5-pentanediol 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 2-methyl-1,8-octanediol , 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and the like; and cycloaliphatic diols such as cyclohexanedimethanol and cyclohexanediol. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, diols having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, diols having 8 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly diols having 9 carbon atoms are preferable.
- polycarbonate diol examples include those obtained by reacting a carbonate compound and a low molecular diol.
- the carbonate compound examples include dialkyl carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, alkylene carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, diaryl carbonates such as diphenyl carbonate, and the like.
- the low molecular diol examples include the same low molecular diol as described above. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymer diols may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, it is particularly preferable that at least one selected from polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, polymethyltetramethylene glycol or derivatives thereof is excellent in hydrophilicity.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer diol is not particularly limited, but is preferably 600 to 1400, more preferably 600 to 1200, and particularly preferably 600 to 1000.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer diol is too low, the hardness and the tensile elastic modulus are lowered, and the flatness of the polishing layer tends to be lowered.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer diol is too high, it becomes easy to obtain a thermoplastic polyurethane molded article having low resilience and high toughness.
- a polishing layer using a thermoplastic polyurethane molded body with low resilience and high toughness tends to cause burrs at the corners (ends and shoulders) of the recesses during polishing when the recesses are formed on the surface. is there.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer diol is a value calculated based on the hydroxyl value measured according to JIS K 1557.
- organic diisocyanate examples include ethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4- or 2,4,4'-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, isopropylidenebis.
- the monomer used for polymerization of the thermoplastic polyurethane contains a first chain extender that is a diol having 4 or less carbon atoms and a second chain extender that is a diol having 5 or more carbon atoms. .
- a first chain extender that is a diol having 4 or less carbon atoms
- a second chain extender that is a diol having 5 or more carbon atoms.
- the first chain extender that is a diol having 4 or less carbon atoms
- a diol having 2 carbon atoms such as ethylene glycol
- a diol having 3 carbon atoms such as 1,3-propanediol
- examples include butanediol such as butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, and 1,4-butanediol, and diols having 4 carbon atoms such as 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol.
- Examples of the second chain extender that is a diol having 5 or more carbon atoms include diols having 5 carbon atoms such as 1,5-pentanediol and 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol; 6-carbon diols such as methyl 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and cyclohexanediol; 8-carbon diols such as 1,8-octanediol and cyclohexanedimethanol; 1,9-nonanediol, Examples include diols having 9 carbon atoms such as 2-methyl-1,8-octanediol; diols having 10 carbon atoms such as 1,10-decanediol.
- the content ratio of the first chain extender which is a diol having 4 or less carbon atoms and the second chain extender which is a diol having 5 or more carbon atoms is not particularly limited, and is adjusted according to the balance between moldability and hardness. Is done. Preferably, for example, 0.09 to 0.67 mol, more preferably 0.25 to 0.54 mol of the second chain extender is added to 1 mol of the first chain extender.
- the ratio of the second chain extender is too low, the effect of improving the moldability of the thermoplastic polyurethane tends to be insufficient.
- the ratio of the second chain extender is too high, the hardness of the thermoplastic polyurethane tends to decrease.
- first chain extender which is a diol having 4 or less carbon atoms
- second chain extender which is a diol having 5 or more carbon atoms
- first chain extender which is a diol having 4 or less carbon atoms
- second chain extender which is a diol having 5 or more carbon atoms
- first chain extender which is a diol having 4 or less carbon atoms
- second chain extender which is a diol having 5 or more carbon atoms
- the first chain extender and the second chain extender are conventionally used for the polymerization of the thermoplastic polyurethane.
- a low molecular compound having two or more active hydrogen atoms capable of reacting with the isocyanate group in the molecule may be further used in combination.
- the blending ratio of each component of the polymer diol, the chain extender, and the organic diisocyanate used for the polymerization of the thermoplastic polyurethane is appropriately selected in consideration of physical properties such as intended wear resistance.
- the isocyanate group contained in the organic diisocyanate is 0.95 to 1.3 mole, more preferably 0.96 to 1 with respect to 1 mole of active hydrogen atoms contained in the polymer diol and the chain extender.
- a ratio of .10 mol, particularly 0.97 to 1.05 mol, is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, productivity of thermoplastic polyurethane and storage stability.
- thermoplastic polyurethane molded product When the ratio of the isocyanate group is too low, the mechanical strength and wear resistance of the thermoplastic polyurethane molded product tend to decrease. Moreover, when the ratio of an isocyanate group is too high, there exists a tendency for productivity and storage stability of thermoplastic polyurethane to fall.
- the thermoplastic polyurethane includes a high molecular diol, an organic diisocyanate, a first chain extender containing a diol having 4 or less carbon atoms, and a second chain extender containing a diol having 5 or more carbon atoms. It is obtained by polymerizing the monomer by a urethanization reaction using a known prepolymer method or one-shot method. Preferably, a continuous melt polymerization method is used in which a monomer is melt-mixed in the absence of a solvent in a single-screw or multi-screw extruder.
- the nitrogen content ratio derived from organic diisocyanate in the thermoplastic polyurethane is 6.3 to 7.4% by mass, 6.5 to 7.3% by mass, and further 6.7 to 7.3% by mass. Is preferred.
- the nitrogen content ratio derived from the isocyanate group of the organic diisocyanate is increased, so that a thermoplastic polyurethane having high hardness can be obtained.
- the nitrogen content derived from the organic diisocyanate is less than 6.3% by mass, the hardness of the thermoplastic polyurethane is lowered, and the flatness and polishing efficiency of the resulting polishing layer are lowered.
- the thermoplastic polyurethane preferably has an endothermic peak temperature obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of 185 ° C. or lower, more preferably 180 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of excellent moldability.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- the crystallization enthalpy ( ⁇ H) obtained from the endothermic peak area at the endothermic peak is preferably 2 to 15 J / g, more preferably 5 to 11 J / g from the viewpoint of particularly excellent moldability.
- thermoplastic polyurethane preferably has a contact angle with water of 75 degrees or less, more preferably 70 degrees or less, particularly 65 degrees or less.
- a polishing layer that tends to generate scratches on the surface to be polished tends to be obtained.
- the hardness of the thermoplastic polyurethane is preferably 75 or more, more preferably 80 or more in terms of JIS-D hardness.
- JIS-D hardness is too low, there is a tendency to obtain a polishing layer with low local flatness due to high followability to the surface to be polished.
- the density of the thermoplastic polyurethane molded product is preferably 1.0 g / cm 3 or more, more preferably 1.1 g / cm 3 or more, and particularly preferably 1.2 g / cm 3 or more.
- the density of the thermoplastic polyurethane molded product is too low, a polishing layer with low local planarization tends to be obtained.
- the thermoplastic polyurethane preferably has a tensile elastic modulus at 50 ° C. of 250 to 1500 MPa, further 400 to 1300 MPa, particularly 600 to 1000 MPa after saturated swelling with water at 50 ° C.
- a tensile elastic modulus at 50 ° C. after saturation swelling with water at 50 ° C. is too low, the polishing layer becomes soft during polishing, and the flatness and polishing efficiency tend to decrease.
- the tensile elastic modulus at 50 ° C. after saturation swelling with water at 50 ° C. is too high, there is a tendency that scratches are easily generated on the surface to be polished.
- the thermoplastic polyurethane has the formula (1): A / B ⁇ 100 (A is the storage elastic modulus at 50 ° C. when saturated and swollen with hot water at 50 ° C., B is the storage elastic modulus at 50 ° C. when not saturated and swollen with hot water at 50 ° C.) (1) It is preferable that the retention rate at the time of water saturation swelling of the storage elastic modulus calculated by is 55% or more, more preferably 60% or more, and particularly preferably 75% or more. If the retention rate of the storage modulus during water saturation swelling is too low, the characteristics of the polishing layer change significantly due to moisture. For example, the polishing rate when the polishing pad is left wet for several hours to several days after polishing is completed. Tends to decrease.
- the storage elastic modulus at 50 ° C. when not saturated and swelled was adjusted for the condition by leaving the test piece for 3 days under conditions of 23 ° C. and 65% RH without saturation swelling with hot water at 50 ° C. It is the storage elastic modulus at 50 ° C. measured immediately after.
- the storage elastic modulus at 50 ° C. when not saturated and swollen is preferably 600 to 1900 MPa, more preferably 800 to 1700 MPa. When the storage elastic modulus at 50 ° C. is too low, the polishing uniformity tends to decrease, and when it is too high, the scratch tends to increase.
- the thermoplastic polyurethane molded product of this embodiment is a non-porous (non-foamed) molded product.
- a non-porous thermoplastic polyurethane molded product exhibits high flatness when used as a polishing layer because of its high hardness.
- Such a non-porous thermoplastic polyurethane molded article may be manufactured as a sheet by extruding or injection-molding thermoplastic polyurethane containing no component such as a foaming agent using a T-die. preferable.
- a sheet obtained by extrusion molding using a T-die is preferable because a sheet having a uniform thickness can be obtained.
- the thickness of the molded product for the polishing layer is not particularly limited, and is appropriately adjusted according to the layer configuration and use of the polishing pad. Specifically, it is preferably 1.5 to 3.0 mm, more preferably 1.7 to 2.8 mm, and particularly preferably 2.0 to 2.5 mm.
- the polishing pad of the present embodiment is a single-layer type polishing pad using a polishing layer molded body arranged in a predetermined shape as it is, a cushion layer is further laminated on the polishing layer made of the polishing layer molding.
- a multilayer polishing pad may be used.
- the cushion layer is preferably a layer having a hardness lower than that of the polishing layer.
- the hardness of the cushion layer is lower than the hardness of the polishing layer, the hard polishing layer can easily follow the local unevenness of the surface to be polished. Since the cushion layer follows, it is possible to realize polishing with a good balance between global flatness and local flatness.
- the material used for the cushion layer include a composite in which a known nonwoven fabric is impregnated with polyurethane; rubber such as natural rubber, nitrile rubber, polybutadiene rubber, and silicone rubber; polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer, polyamide-based thermoplastic elastomer And thermoplastic elastomers such as fluorine-based thermoplastic elastomers; foamed plastics; polyurethane and the like.
- polyurethane having a foamed structure is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of appropriate flexibility.
- the thickness of the cushion layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.3 to 1.2 mm, and more preferably about 0.5 to 1.0 mm.
- the cushion layer is too thin, the follow-up effect on the warpage and waviness of the entire workpiece is reduced, and the global flatness of the polishing pad tends to be reduced.
- the cushion layer is too thick, the entire polishing pad tends to be soft and stable polishing becomes difficult.
- concave portions such as grooves and holes are formed, for example, concentrically.
- Such a concave portion is useful for discharging polishing debris that causes scratches and preventing wafer breakage due to adsorption of the polishing pad.
- the method for forming the recess on the polished surface is not particularly limited.
- the surface of the molded body for the polishing layer is cut so as to form a predetermined recess pattern, or a recess is formed by transfer with a mold during injection molding, or stamped with a heated mold. And the like, and the like.
- the distance between the grooves is preferably 2.0 to 50 mm, more preferably 5.5 to 30 mm, and particularly preferably 6.0 to 15 mm.
- the groove width is preferably about 0.1 to 3.0 mm, more preferably about 0.4 to 2.0 mm.
- the depth of the groove is preferably about 0.2 to 1.8 mm, more preferably about 0.4 to 1.5 mm.
- the cross-sectional shape of the groove for example, a shape such as a rectangle, a trapezoid, a triangle, a semicircle, or the like is appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the material to be polished or the conditioner When a concave portion is formed on the polishing surface of the molded article for the polishing layer, the material to be polished or the conditioner repeatedly contacts the corner portion (shoulder portion, end portion) of the concave portion for a long time, and as shown in FIG. Burrs may occur. Such burrs gradually close the recesses and gradually reduce the amount of slurry supplied. As a result, the polishing rate and polishing uniformity are gradually reduced.
- Such a tapered corner is a surface inclined with respect to the direction perpendicular to the polishing surface.
- CMP using a polishing pad including the molded article for polishing layer of this embodiment as a polishing layer
- a CMP apparatus 20 including a circular rotary platen 11, a slurry supply nozzle 12, a carrier 13, and a pad conditioner 14 as shown in FIG. 3 is used.
- a polishing pad 10 is attached to the surface of the rotating surface plate 11 with a double-sided tape or the like.
- the carrier 13 supports the material 15 to be polished.
- the rotating surface plate 11 is rotated in a direction indicated by an arrow by a motor (not shown). Further, the carrier 13 is rotated in a direction indicated by an arrow by a motor (not shown) within the surface of the rotating surface plate 11.
- the pad conditioner 14 is also rotated in the direction of the arrow, for example, by a motor (not shown) within the surface of the rotating surface plate 11.
- the rotating pad conditioner 14 is pressed against the polishing surface of the polishing layer of the polishing pad 10 that is fixed and rotated on the rotating surface plate 11 while flowing distilled water to condition the polishing surface.
- the pad conditioner for example, a conditioner in which diamond particles are fixed to the carrier surface by nickel electrodeposition or the like is used. In this way, the polishing surface is adjusted to a surface roughness suitable for polishing the surface to be polished.
- the polishing slurry 16 is supplied from the slurry supply nozzle 12 to the surface of the rotating polishing pad 10.
- the polishing slurry 16 includes, for example, a liquid medium such as water or oil; an abrasive such as silica, alumina, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, or silicon carbide; a base, an acid, a surfactant, an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, a chelating agent, or the like. contains. Moreover, when performing CMP, you may supply lubricating oil, a coolant, etc. with polishing slurry as needed. Then, the material 15 to be polished that is fixed to the carrier 13 and rotates is pressed against the polishing surface of the polishing pad 10 that is uniformly wetted with the polishing slurry 16. Then, the polishing process is continued until a predetermined flatness is obtained. The quality of the finished product is affected by adjusting the pressing force applied during polishing and the speed of relative movement between the rotating surface plate 11 and the carrier 13.
- an abrasive such as silica, alumina, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, or
- Polishing conditions are not particularly limited, but in order to perform efficient polishing, the rotation speed of each of the surface plate and the substrate is preferably a low rotation of 300 rpm or less.
- the pressure applied to the substrate is preferably 150 kPa or less in order to suppress the generation of scratches.
- the supply amount of the polishing slurry is preferably such that the entire polishing surface is always wetted with the polishing slurry.
- the CMP of the present embodiment is preferably used for polishing in manufacturing processes of various semiconductor devices and MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems).
- the material to be polished include, for example, a semiconductor wafer such as a silicon wafer, silicon oxide, and silicon oxyfluoride; an inorganic material such as a silicon oxide film, a glass film, and a silicon nitride film formed on a wiring board having a predetermined wiring.
- Insulating film Film mainly containing polysilicon, aluminum, copper, titanium, titanium nitride, tungsten, tantalum, tantalum nitride, etc .;
- Optical glass such as photomask, lens, prism;
- Inorganic conductive film such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO)
- ITO Inorganic conductive film
- Optical single circuits made of glass and crystalline materials, optical switching elements, optical waveguides, end faces of optical fibers, scintillators, etc .
- solid laser single crystals sapphire substrates for blue laser LEDs; silicon carbide, phosphide Semiconductor single crystals such as gallium and gallium arsenide; Glass substrates for magnetic disks; De like; methacrylic resins and synthetic resins such as polycarbonate resin.
- PTMG850 Polytetramethylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of 850, 1,4-butanediol (BD) which is a chain extender having 4 carbon atoms, and 3-methyl 1,5-pentanediol which is a chain extender having 6 carbon atoms (MPD) and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)
- thermoplastic polyurethane A was evaluated by the following evaluation methods.
- thermoplastic polyurethane ⁇ Measurement of nitrogen content ratio derived from isocyanate group of organic diisocyanate>
- the total nitrogen content in the thermoplastic polyurethane was calculated by the elemental analysis method under the following conditions.
- -Equipment Fully automatic elemental analyzer 2400 series II type (autosampler standard equipment) C, H, N, S / O analyzer manufactured by PerkinElmer, Inc.-Electric furnace temperature: 975 ° C -Sample amount: 2mg -Auxiliary agent: None-Sample container: Tin foil (with auxiliary effect) Standard material for preparing calibration curve: sulfanilamide
- the nitrogen atom derived from the isocyanate group of the organic diisocyanate in the thermoplastic polyurethane A and the nitrogen atom derived from the chain extender were detected by NMR measurement under the following conditions, respectively.
- ⁇ Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement> The crystallization enthalpy ( ⁇ H) was determined from the endothermic peak temperature (° C.) of the thermoplastic polyurethane A and the endothermic peak area at the endothermic peak using a differential scanning calorimeter (“DSC30” manufactured by Mettler). The measurement conditions were about 10 mg of sample and a temperature increase rate of 10 ° C./min in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- Thermoplastic polyurethane A was sandwiched between two metal plates and subjected to hot press molding with a hot press molding machine (desktop test press manufactured by Shinto Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- a hot press molding machine desktop test press manufactured by Shinto Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- pressing was performed at a predetermined pressing pressure for 1 minute.
- two metal plates interposing thermoplastic polyurethane A were taken out from the hot press molding machine and cooled to obtain a press-formed sheet having a thickness of 300 ⁇ m.
- the obtained press-molded sheet was dried in a vacuum dryer at 60 ° C. for 16 hours.
- the contact angle with the water of a press-molded sheet was measured using DropMaster500 by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.
- ⁇ hardness> A press-formed sheet having a thickness of 2 mm was prepared, and the hardness (JIS-D hardness) was measured according to JIS K 7311.
- ⁇ Tension modulus at 50 ° C when saturated and swollen with water at 50 ° C> A press-molded sheet having a thickness of 300 ⁇ m was prepared. Then, a No. 2 type test piece (JISK7113) was punched out from a 300 ⁇ m thick press-molded sheet. And the No. 2 type test piece was saturated and swollen with water by immersing it in 50 degreeC warm water for 48 hours. And after wiping off the water
- the storage elastic modulus (A) was calculated
- the storage elastic modulus of the test piece saturated and swollen with warm water is (A)
- the storage elastic modulus of the test piece not saturated and swollen with warm water is (B)
- the maintenance modulus of the storage elastic modulus at the time of water swelling is The following formula (1): A / B ⁇ 100 (A is the storage elastic modulus at 50 ° C. of the test piece saturated and swollen with hot water at 50 ° C.
- B is the storage elastic modulus at 50 ° C. of the test piece not saturated and swollen with hot water at 50 ° C.) (1) Calculated by
- a single-screw extruder (screw diameter: 90 mm) equipped with a T-die equipped with a filter equipped with a pressure gauge was prepared. Then, the thermoplastic polyurethane A pellets are supplied to a single screw extruder, discharged from a T-die, and passed through a pair of rolls with a gap interval of 1.8 mm adjusted to 60 to 80 ° C. A non-porous thermoplastic polyurethane sheet having a thickness of 2 mm was obtained. The conditions of the single-screw extruder were set to a charging cylinder temperature of 215 to 240 ° C. and a die temperature of 230 to 240 ° C. And the moldability at this time was evaluated by the following method.
- thermoplastic polyurethane sheet was ground to obtain a molded article for a polishing layer having a thickness of 1.2 mm.
- grooves having a width of 1 mm and a depth of 1.0 mm were concentrically formed at intervals of 7.5 mm on the main surface serving as the polishing surface of the molded article for polishing layer having a thickness of 1.2 mm.
- a corner portion having a tapered shape in which one side extending toward the polishing surface is cut into a regular triangle of 0.6 mm is formed at the corner portions on both sides of the concentrically formed groove. did.
- the molded article for polishing layer was cut into a circle having a diameter of 38 cm.
- the cushion layer was bonded together by the double-sided adhesive sheet on the back surface, and the multilayer type polishing pad was created.
- the cushion layer “Polon H48” manufactured by Inoac Corporation, which is a foamed polyurethane sheet having a thickness of 0.8 mm, a JIS-C hardness of 65, and a porosity of 48 volume%, was used. And the polishing characteristic of the obtained multilayer type polishing pad was evaluated by the following method.
- the multi-layer type polishing pad is fixed to a rotating surface plate of a CMP polishing apparatus (PP0-60S manufactured by Nomura Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), and a diamond dresser is used.
- the polished surface was ground under conditions.
- As the diamond dresser MEC100-L manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials Corporation was used.
- an 8-inch silicon wafer having an oxide film surface was polished while dripping the slurry onto the polishing surface of the multilayer polishing pad.
- the polishing conditions were a platen rotation speed of 50 rotations / minute, a head rotation speed of 49 rotations / minute, a polishing pressure of 45 kPa, and a polishing time of 100 seconds.
- As the slurry Cabot polishing slurry SS25 diluted twice with distilled water was used. The slurry was fed at a rate of 120 mL / min. Then, the polishing rate (a) at this time was measured.
- the multilayer polishing pad was left in a wet state for 24 hours.
- the polishing rate (b) of the multilayer polishing pad left in a wet state for 24 hours was also measured under the same conditions. Then, as an index of the change with time of the polishing rate, the retention rate ((b) / (a) of the polishing rate (b) of the multilayer polishing pad after wetting relative to the polishing rate (a) of the multilayer polishing pad before wetting ) ⁇ 100 (%)).
- the multi-layer type polishing pad was mounted on an electric wheel polishing machine (RK-3D type) manufactured by Nidec Sympo Corporation. Then, the polishing surface of the polishing pad was ground with a diamond dresser for 8 hours under the conditions of a dresser rotation speed of 61 rpm, a polishing pad rotation speed of 60 rpm, and a dresser load of 2.75 psi while flowing slurry at a rate of 150 mL / min.
- a diamond dresser diamond dresser (diamond particle count # 100) manufactured by Allied Material Co., Ltd. was used. The polished surface after grinding was visually observed, and when no burrs were generated, it was judged as good, and when burrs were generated, it was judged as no.
- PTMG850 polyethylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of 600 (PEG600), BD, MPD, and MDI
- PTMG850: PEG600: BD: MPD: MDI 11.4: 7.6: 14.7: 6.4: 59.9
- a monomer mixed at a ratio of (mass ratio) was prepared.
- a polymer was obtained by continuously supplying a monomer to a twin screw extruder with a metering pump and performing continuous melt polymerization while kneading.
- the molten polymer strand continuously discharged from the twin-screw extruder was continuously extruded into water and then chopped with a pelletizer to obtain thermoplastic polyurethane B pellets.
- thermoplastic polyurethane B was used instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- thermoplastic polyurethane C was used instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- thermoplastic polyurethane D was used instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- PTMG850, BD, 1,6-hexanediol (HD), which is a chain extender having 6 carbon atoms, and MDI, PTMG850: BD: HD: MDI 19.0: 14.7: 6.4: 59.9 Monomers mixed at a ratio of (mass ratio) were prepared. And a polymer was obtained by continuously supplying a monomer to a twin screw extruder with a metering pump and performing continuous melt polymerization while kneading. The molten polymer strand continuously discharged from the twin-screw extruder was continuously extruded into water, and then chopped by a pelletizer to obtain thermoplastic polyurethane E pellets.
- HD 1,6-hexanediol
- thermoplastic polyurethane E was used instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- PTMG850, BD, 1,8-octanediol (OD), which is a chain extender having 8 carbon atoms, and MDI, PTMG850: BD: OD: MDI 17.3: 14.8: 8.0: 59.9
- Monomers mixed at a ratio of (mass ratio) were prepared.
- a polymer was obtained by continuously supplying a monomer to a twin screw extruder with a metering pump and performing continuous melt polymerization while kneading.
- the molten polymer strand continuously discharged from the twin-screw extruder was continuously extruded into water and then chopped with a pelletizer to obtain thermoplastic polyurethane F pellets.
- thermoplastic polyurethane F was used instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A.
- Table 1 The results are shown in Table 1.
- CHDM cyclohexanedimethanol
- MDI 14.4: 14.8: 7.9: 59.9 (mass ratio)
- thermoplastic polyurethane G was used instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- PPG950 number average molecular weight of 950
- BD MPD
- MDI 18.7: 14.8: 16.5: 59.9 (mass ratio).
- thermoplastic polyurethane H was used instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- thermoplastic polyurethane I was used instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A.
- Table 1 The results are shown in Table 1.
- thermoplastic polyurethane J was used instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A.
- Table 1 The results are shown in Table 1.
- thermoplastic polyurethane K was used instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A.
- Comparative Example 3 no tapered shape was formed at the corners on both sides of the concentrically formed groove. The results are shown in Table 1.
- thermoplastic polyurethane L was used instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- thermoplastic polyurethane M was used instead of the thermoplastic polyurethane A
- the nitrogen content, differential scanning calorific value, contact angle with water, 50 when saturated and swollen with water at 50 ° C. were used in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the tensile elastic modulus at 0 ° C. and the storage elastic modulus retention rate during water saturation swelling were evaluated.
- thermoplastic polyurethane sheet M was sandwiched between two metal plates, and a hot press molded sheet was obtained by hot press molding. And a gas melt sheet containing 1.6% by weight (saturated amount) of carbon dioxide by putting the hot press molded sheet in a pressure-resistant container and dissolving carbon dioxide for 5 hours under the conditions of a temperature of 110 ° C. and a pressure of 7 MPa. Got. And after cooling to room temperature, the pressure was made into a normal pressure and the gas melt
- the polishing pads obtained in Examples 1 to 8 provided with a molded body of thermoplastic polyurethane polymerized using a chain extender containing a diol having 4 or less carbon atoms and a diol having 5 or more carbon atoms as a polishing layer are used for wafer polishing.
- the polishing non-uniformity at the time was excellent, the change in the polishing rate with time was small, and the moldability was also excellent.
- the polishing pads obtained in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 provided with a molded article of a thermoplastic polyurethane obtained by polymerizing only BD having only 4 carbon atoms as a chain extender as a polishing layer have high hardness.
- Comparative Example 3 which is a molded body of a thermoplastic polyurethane polymerized by using only BD having 4 carbon atoms alone as a chain extender, the nitrogen content ratio derived from the isocyanate group of the organic diisocyanate is less than 6.3.
- the obtained polishing pad had low polishing uniformity due to low hardness, a large change in polishing rate with time, and inferior moldability.
- the polishing pad obtained in Comparative Example 4 provided with a molded body of thermoplastic polyurethane polymerized using only MPD having 5 carbon atoms alone as a chain extender was excellent in moldability, Since the hardness was low, the polishing uniformity was low, the change in polishing rate with time was large, and the moldability was also poor. Further, the polishing pad obtained in Comparative Example 5 having a porous thermoplastic polyurethane foam as a polishing layer had low polishing uniformity because of its low hardness.
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Abstract
Description
(Aは50℃の温水で飽和膨潤させたときの50℃における貯蔵弾性率、Bは50℃の温水で飽和膨潤させていないときの50℃における貯蔵弾性率)・・・(1)
により算出される、貯蔵弾性率の水飽和膨潤時保持率が55%以上、さらには60%以上、とくには75%以上であることが好ましい。貯蔵弾性率の水飽和膨潤時保持率が低すぎる場合には、水分による研磨層の特性変化が大きく、例えば研磨終了後、数時間~数日間、湿潤状態で研磨パッドを放置した場合に研磨速度が低下しやすくなる傾向がある。
数平均分子量850のポリテトラメチレングリコール(PTMG850)、炭素数4の鎖伸長剤である1,4-ブタンジオール(BD)、炭素数6の鎖伸長剤である3-メチル1,5-ペンタンジオール(MPD)、及び4,4'-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)をPTMG850:BD:MPD:MDI=19.0:14.7:6.4:59.9(質量比)の割合で混合した単量体を準備した。そして、定量ポンプで単量体を二軸押出機に連続的に供給して混練しながら連続溶融重合することにより重合体を得た。二軸押出機から連続的に吐出される溶融状態の重合体のストランドを水中に連続的に押出した後、ペレタイザーで細断することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンAのペレットを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAを以下のような評価方法により評価した。
はじめに、熱可塑性ポリウレタン中の全窒素含有量を元素分析法により下記の条件で算出した。
・装置 :パーキンエルマー社製 全自動元素分析装置2400シリーズII型(オートサンプラー標準装備)C・H・N・S/O分析装置
・電気炉温度:975℃
・試料量 :2mg
・助燃剤 :なし
・試料容器:錫箔(助燃効果あり、1枚使用)
・検量線作成用標準物質:スルファニルアミド
次に、熱可塑性ポリウレタンA中の有機ジイソシアネートのイソシアネート基に由来に窒素原子及び鎖伸長剤に由来する窒素原子をそれぞれ下記の条件でNMRの測定により検出した。
・装置 :日本電子製核磁気共鳴装置 Lambda500
・測定条件:共鳴周波数;1H 500MHz /プローブ;TH5FG2
・溶媒 :DMSO-d6 濃度;5wt%/vol
・測定温度:80℃
・積算回数:64s
そして、元素分析法及びNMRの結果から、有機ジイソシアネートのイソシアネート基に由来する窒素含有割合を算出した。
示差走査熱量計(メトラー社製「DSC30」)を用い、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの吸熱ピーク温度(℃)及びその吸熱ピークにおける吸熱ピーク面積から結晶化エンタルピー(ΔH)を求めた。なお測定条件は、サンプル約10mg、窒素ガス雰囲気下、10℃/分の昇温速度で行った。
熱可塑性ポリウレタンAを2枚の金属板の間に挟み、熱プレス成形機((株)神藤工業所製の卓上用テストプレス)で熱プレス成形した。熱プレス成形は、加熱温度230℃で2分間予熱した後、所定のプレス圧で1分間プレスした。そして、熱プレス成形機から熱可塑性ポリウレタンAを介在させた2枚の金属板を取り出し、冷却することにより、厚さ300μmのプレス成形シートを得た。そして、得られたプレス成形シートを減圧乾燥機内で60℃×16時間乾燥した。そして、プレス成形シートの水との接触角を協和界面科学(株)製のDropMaster500を用いて測定した。
厚さ2mmのプレス成形シートを作成し、JIS K 7112に準拠して、密度を測定した。
厚さ2mmのプレス成形シートを作成し、JIS K 7311に準拠して、硬度(JIS-D硬度)を測定した。
厚さ300μmのプレス成形シートを作成した。そして、厚さ300μmのプレス成形シートから2号型試験片(JISK7113)を打ち抜いた。そして、2号型試験片を50℃の温水に48時間浸漬することにより水で飽和膨潤させた。そして、温水から取り出した2号型試験片の表面の水分を拭き取った後、雰囲気温度50℃において2分間静置した。そして、引張試験機(インストロン社製3367)にチャック間距離40mmで2号型試験片を装着し、雰囲気温度50℃で2分間静置した後、引張速度500mm/分、N=6本の条件で引張弾性率を測定した。
厚さ300μmのプレス成形シートを作成した。そして、プレス成形シートから5.0×30(mm)の試験片を切り出し、23℃、65%RHの条件下で3日間放置して状態調整をした。そして、試験片を動的粘弾性測定装置(DVEレオスペクトラー(株)レオロジー製)を用いて、50℃における動的粘弾性率を周波数11Hzで測定することにより、貯蔵弾性率(B)を求めた。
一方、同様に作成した試験片を50℃の温水に48時間浸漬することにより水で飽和膨潤させた。そして、温水から取り出した試験片の表面の水分を拭き取った後、50℃における動的粘弾性率を周波数11Hzで測定することにより、貯蔵弾性率(A)を求めた。
そして、温水で飽和膨潤させた試験片の貯蔵弾性率を(A)、温水で飽和膨潤させていない試験片の貯蔵弾性率を(B)として、水膨潤時の貯蔵弾性率の維持率を、下記式(1):A/B×100
(Aは50℃の温水で飽和膨潤させた試験片の50℃における貯蔵弾性率、Bは50℃の温水で飽和膨潤させていない試験片の50℃における貯蔵弾性率)・・・(1)
により算出した。
圧力ゲージを取り付けたフィルターを備えたT-ダイを設置した単軸押出成形機(スクリュー径90mm)を準備した。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAのペレットを単軸押出成形機に供給してT-ダイから吐出させ、60~80℃に調温されたギャップ間隔1.8mmの一対のロールに通過させることにより、厚さ2mmの非多孔性の熱可塑性ポリウレタンシートを得た。単軸押出成形機の条件は、仕込みシリンダー温度215~240℃、ダイス温度230~240℃、に設定した。そして、このときの成形性を以下の方法により評価した。
A:成形時に未溶融物が全く見られず、圧力ゲージも上昇しなかった。
B:成形時に未溶融物が見られたが、圧力ゲージは上昇しなかった。
C:成形時に未溶融が見られ、圧力ゲージは上昇した。
複層型研磨パッドをCMP研磨装置((株)野村製作所社製PP0-60S)の回転定盤に固定し、ダイヤモンドドレッサーを用いて圧力0.18MPa,ドレッサー回転数110回転/分,30分間の条件で研磨面を研削した。なお、ダイヤモンドドレッサーは、三菱マテリアル(株)製のMEC100-Lを用いた。
シリコンウェハの研磨前後のそれぞれの膜厚をウェハ面内の49点で測定した。そして、各点における研磨前後の膜厚の差から研磨速度を求めた。そして、49点の研磨速度の平均値を研磨速度(R)とした。また、49点の研磨速度の標準偏差(σ)を求め、研磨の不均一性を「不均一性(%)=(σ/R)×100」から求めた。不均一性の値が小さいほど、研磨均一性に優れていることを示す。
複層型研磨パッドを日本電産シンポ(株)製の電動ろくろ研磨機(RK-3D形)に装着した。そして、研磨パッドの研磨面を、150mL/分の速度でスラリーを流しながら、ダイヤモンドドレッサーでドレッサー回転数61rpm、研磨パッド回転数60rpm、ドレッサー荷重2.75psiの条件で8時間研削した。ダイヤモンドドレッサーは、(株)アライドマテリアル製のダイヤモンドドレッサー(ダイヤモンド粒子番手#100)を用いた。研削後の研磨面を目視で観察し、バリが全く発生しなかった場合には良、バリが発生した場合には否と判定した。
PTMG850、数平均分子量600のポリエチレングリコール(PEG600)、BD、MPD及びMDIを、PTMG850:PEG600:BD:MPD:MDI=11.4:7.6:14.7:6.4:59.9(質量比)の割合で混合した単量体を準備した。そして、定量ポンプで単量体を二軸押出機に連続的に供給して混練しながら連続溶融重合することにより重合体を得た。二軸押出機から連続的に吐出される溶融状態の重合体のストランドを水中に連続的に押出した後、ペレタイザーで細断することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンBのペレットを得た。
PTMG850、BD、MPD及びMDIを、PTMG850:BD:MPD:MDI=10.2:15.7:8.8:65.3(質量比)の割合で混合した単量体を準備した。そして、定量ポンプで単量体を二軸押出機に連続的に供給して混練しながら連続溶融重合することにより重合体を得た。二軸押出機から連続的に吐出される溶融状態の重合体のストランドを水中に連続的に押出した後、ペレタイザーで細断することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンCのペレットを得た。
PEG600、BD、MPD、及びMDIを、PEG600:BD:MPD:MDI=10.9:15.3:8.6:65.2(質量比)の割合で混合した単量体を準備した。そして、定量ポンプで単量体を二軸押出機に連続的に供給して混練しながら連続溶融重合することにより重合体を得た。二軸押出機から連続的に吐出される溶融状態の重合体のストランドを水中に連続的に押出した後、ペレタイザーで細断することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンDのペレットを得た。
PTMG850、BD、炭素数6の鎖伸長剤である1,6-ヘキサンジオール(HD)、及びMDIを、PTMG850:BD:HD:MDI=19.0:14.7:6.4:59.9(質量比)の割合で混合した単量体を準備した。そして、定量ポンプで単量体を二軸押出機に連続的に供給して混練しながら連続溶融重合することにより重合体を得た。二軸押出機から連続的に吐出される溶融状態の重合体のストランドを水中に連続的に押出した後、ペレタイザーで細断することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンEのペレットを得た。
PTMG850、BD、炭素数8の鎖伸長剤である1,8-オクタンジオール(OD)、及びMDIを、PTMG850:BD:OD:MDI=17.3:14.8:8.0:59.9(質量比)の割合で混合した単量体を準備した。そして、定量ポンプで単量体を二軸押出機に連続的に供給して混練しながら連続溶融重合することにより重合体を得た。二軸押出機から連続的に吐出される溶融状態の重合体のストランドを水中に連続的に押出した後、ペレタイザーで細断することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンFのペレットを得た。
PTMG850、BD、炭素数8の鎖伸長剤であるシクロヘキサンジメタノール(CHDM)、及びMDIを、PTMG850:BD:CHDM:MDI=14.4:14.8:7.9:59.9(質量比)の割合で混合した単量体を準備した。そして、定量ポンプで単量体を二軸押出機に連続的に供給して混練しながら連続溶融重合することにより重合体を得た。二軸押出機から連続的に吐出される溶融状態の重合体のストランドを水中に連続的に押出した後、ペレタイザーで細断することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンGのペレットを得た。
数平均分子量950のポリプロピレングリコール(PPG950)、BD、MPD及びMDIを、PPG950:BD:MPD:MDI=18.7:14.8:6.5:59.9(質量比)の割合で混合し、定量ポンプにより同軸で回転する2軸押出機に連続的に供給して、連続溶融重合を行い、溶融物をストランド状に水中に連続的に押出した後、ペレタイザーで細断することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンHのペレットを得た。
数平均分子量650のポリテトラメチレングリコール(PTMG650)、BD、及びMDIを、PTMG650:BD:MDI=18.7:19.6:61.7(質量比)の割合で混合した単量体を準備した。そして、定量ポンプで単量体を二軸押出機に連続的に供給して混練しながら連続溶融重合することにより重合体を得た。二軸押出機から連続的に吐出される溶融状態の重合体のストランドを水中に連続的に押出した後、ペレタイザーで細断することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンIのペレットを得た。
数平均分子量500のポリ3-メチルペンタンジオールアジペート(PMPA500)、BD、及びMDIを、PMPA500:BD:MDI=25.6:16.3:58.1(質量比)の割合で混合した単量体を準備した。そして、定量ポンプで単量体を二軸押出機に連続的に供給して混練しながら連続溶融重合することにより重合体を得た。二軸押出機から連続的に吐出される溶融状態の重合体のストランドを水中に連続的に押出した後、ペレタイザーで細断することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンJのペレットを得た。
数平均分子量1000のポリ3-メチルペンタンジオールアジペート(PMPA1000)、BD、及びMDIを、PMPA1000:BD:MDI=29.7:16.6:53.7(質量比)の割合で混合した単量体を準備した。そして、定量ポンプで単量体を二軸押出機に連続的に供給して混練しながら連続溶融重合することにより重合体を得た。二軸押出機から連続的に吐出される溶融状態の重合体のストランドを水中に連続的に押出した後、ペレタイザーで細断することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンKのペレットを得た。
PTMG850、MPD、及びMDIを、PTMG850:MPD:MDI=13.7:26.4:59.9(質量比)の割合で混合した単量体を準備した。そして、定量ポンプで単量体を二軸押出機に連続的に供給して混練しながら連続溶融重合することにより重合体を得た。二軸押出機から連続的に吐出される溶融状態の重合体のストランドを水中に連続的に押出した後、ペレタイザーで細断することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンLのペレットを得た。
PMPA500、CHDM、及びMDIを、PMPA500:CHDM:MDI=11.8:30.1:58.1(質量比)の割合で混合し、定量ポンプにより同軸で回転する2軸押出機に連続的に供給して、連続溶融重合を行い、溶融物をストランド状に水中に連続的に押出した後、ペレタイザーで細断することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンMのペレットを得た。
11 回転定盤
12 スラリー供給ノズル
13 キャリア
14 パッドコンディショナー
15 被研磨材
16 研磨スラリー
20 CMP装置
Claims (12)
- 高分子ジオールと、有機ジイソシアネートと、炭素数4以下であるジオールを含む第1の鎖伸長剤と、炭素数5以上であるジオールを含む第2の鎖伸長剤と、を含む単量体の重合体であり、且つ、前記有機ジイソシアネートのイソシアネート基に由来する窒素含有割合が6.3~7.4質量%である熱可塑性ポリウレタンを含み、
非多孔性である、研磨層用成形体。 - 前記第1の鎖伸長剤が、エチレングリコール,1,3-プロパンジオール,1,2-ブタンジオール,1,3-ブタンジオール,2,3-ブタンジオール,1,4-ブタンジオール,2-メチル-1,3-プロパンジオールからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含み、
前記第2の鎖伸長剤が、1,5-ペンタンジオール,2,2-ジメチルプロパン-1,3-ジオール,3-メチル1,5-ペンタンジオール,1,6-ヘキサンジオール,シクロヘキサンジオール,1,8-オクタンジオール,シクロヘキサンジメタノール,1,9-ノナンジオール,2-メチル-1,8-オクタンジオール,及び1,10-デカンジオールからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む請求項1に記載の研磨層用成形体。 - 前記熱可塑性ポリウレタンは、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)による吸熱ピークを185℃以下に有し、前記吸熱ピークにおける吸熱ピーク面積から求めた結晶化エンタルピー(ΔH)が2~15J/gである請求項1または2に記載の研磨層用成形体。
- 互いの炭素数の差が2以上である前記第1の鎖伸長剤と前記第2の鎖伸長剤とを含む、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用成形体。
- 密度1.0g/cm3以上、JIS-D硬度75以上である請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用成形体。
- 水との接触角が75度以下である表面を有する請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用成形体。
- 前記熱可塑性ポリウレタンは、50℃の温水で飽和膨潤させたときの50℃における引張弾性率が250~1500MPaである請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用成形体。
- 前記熱可塑性ポリウレタンは、下記式:
A/B×100
(Aは50℃の温水で飽和膨潤させたときの50℃における貯蔵弾性率、Bは50℃の温水で飽和膨潤させていないときの50℃における貯蔵弾性率)
から算出される、貯蔵弾性率の水飽和膨潤時保持率が55%以上である請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用成形体。 - 前記高分子ジオールが、ポリエチレングリコール,ポリプロピレングリコール,ポリテトラメチレングリコール,及びポリメチルテトラメチレングリコールからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する請求項1~8の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用成形体。
- 前記研磨層用成形体は凹部を有する研磨面を含み、
前記凹部は、研磨面に向かって広がる、テーパー形状のコーナー部を有する請求項1~9の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用成形体。 - 請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用成形体を研磨層として含む研磨パッド。
- 前記研磨層の硬度よりも低い硬度を有するクッション層が積層された請求項11に記載の研磨パッド。
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JP2018176365A (ja) * | 2017-04-14 | 2018-11-15 | 株式会社クラレ | 研磨パッド用研磨層の製造方法、研磨パッド用研磨層及び研磨パッド |
JP7014526B2 (ja) | 2017-04-14 | 2022-02-01 | 株式会社クラレ | 研磨パッド用研磨層の製造方法 |
WO2019188577A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-03 | 富士紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 研磨パッド及びその製造方法 |
JP2019177430A (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-17 | 富士紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 研磨パッド及びその製造方法 |
CN111936268A (zh) * | 2018-03-30 | 2020-11-13 | 富士纺控股株式会社 | 研磨垫及其制造方法 |
JP7141230B2 (ja) | 2018-03-30 | 2022-09-22 | 富士紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 研磨パッド及びその製造方法 |
WO2020036038A1 (ja) | 2018-08-11 | 2020-02-20 | 株式会社クラレ | 研磨層用ポリウレタン、研磨層及び研磨パッド |
KR20210021056A (ko) | 2018-08-11 | 2021-02-24 | 주식회사 쿠라레 | 연마층용 폴리우레탄, 연마층 및 연마 패드 |
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JP6993513B2 (ja) | 2018-08-11 | 2022-01-13 | 株式会社クラレ | 研磨層用ポリウレタン、研磨層及び研磨パッド |
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EP3225357A4 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
US10328548B2 (en) | 2019-06-25 |
JPWO2016084321A1 (ja) | 2017-09-07 |
CN107000157B (zh) | 2019-12-13 |
CN107000157A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
KR102398128B1 (ko) | 2022-05-13 |
EP3225357B1 (en) | 2019-10-30 |
KR20170089845A (ko) | 2017-08-04 |
US20170334034A1 (en) | 2017-11-23 |
EP3225357A1 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
JP6541683B2 (ja) | 2019-07-10 |
TWI554363B (zh) | 2016-10-21 |
TW201632305A (zh) | 2016-09-16 |
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