WO2020036038A1 - 研磨層用ポリウレタン、研磨層及び研磨パッド - Google Patents
研磨層用ポリウレタン、研磨層及び研磨パッド Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020036038A1 WO2020036038A1 PCT/JP2019/028384 JP2019028384W WO2020036038A1 WO 2020036038 A1 WO2020036038 A1 WO 2020036038A1 JP 2019028384 W JP2019028384 W JP 2019028384W WO 2020036038 A1 WO2020036038 A1 WO 2020036038A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4854—Polyethers containing oxyalkylene groups having four carbon atoms in the alkylene group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
- B24B37/20—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/22—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces characterised by a multi-layered structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
- B24B37/20—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/24—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces characterised by the composition or properties of the pad materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/0895—Manufacture of polymers by continuous processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
- C08G18/667—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6674—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
- C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67005—Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67011—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
- H01L21/67092—Apparatus for mechanical treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyurethane used as a material for a polishing layer of a polishing pad used for polishing a silicon wafer, a semiconductor device, a hard disk, a glass substrate, an optical product, or various metals.
- CMP Chemical mechanical polishing
- a polishing pad used for flattening a material to be polished is also required to have high-precision flattening properties.
- polishing pads are required to have even higher polishing uniformity and flatness than ever before. Therefore, a material for the polishing layer for realizing such a polishing pad is required.
- Thermoplastic polyurethane is known as a material for the polishing layer.
- Thermoplastic polyurethane is produced by reacting a polyurethane raw material containing a polymer diol, an organic diisocyanate, and a chain extender.
- Various such thermoplastic polyurethanes have been conventionally known.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses, as a polyurethane preferably used for a molded product for a polishing layer, having excellent balance between rigidity and toughness (mechanical properties) and excellent workability, a chain extender having an even number of linear carbon atoms and an odd number of a chain extender.
- a thermoplastic polyurethane produced by using a chain extender containing a certain chain extender and a predetermined ratio is disclosed.
- a thermoplastic polyurethane produced using 1,18-octadecanediol which is a chain extender having a linear carbon skeleton having 18 carbon atoms.
- Patent Document 2 discloses, for example, a polishing pad made of a material containing polyurethane and at least one light absorbing compound as a polishing pad used in a system for detecting an end point of polishing.
- the chain extender 1,12-dodecanediol which is a chain extender having a straight-chain carbon skeleton having 12 carbon atoms is exemplified.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a molded article for a polishing layer containing thermoplastic polyurethane for producing a molded article for a polishing layer having both high moldability and high flattenability.
- chain extenders used in the production of thermoplastic polyurethane 1,8-octanediol and 2-methyl-1,8-octanediol containing a straight-chain carbon skeleton having 8 carbon atoms, and a straight-chain carbon having 9 carbon atoms.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a non-porous molded article of a thermoplastic polyurethane used for a polishing layer, in which burrs are hardly generated at corners of concave portions formed on a polished surface even by long-time CMP polishing. I do. And, as a chain extender used for the production of thermoplastic polyurethane, 1,9-nonanediol is disclosed.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a molded article of thermoplastic polyurethane used for a polishing pad that can achieve improvement in flatness and flattening efficiency of a surface to be polished and that is less likely to generate scratches. And, as a chain extender used for the production of thermoplastic polyurethane, 1,9-nonanediol is disclosed.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a thermoplastic polyurethane molded article which is used for manufacturing a metal film polishing pad having a high polishing rate and excellent polishing performance with excellent polishing uniformity. And, as a chain extender used for the production of thermoplastic polyurethane, 1,9-nonanediol is disclosed.
- the surface of the polishing layer is dressed with a dresser such as a diamond dresser.
- a dresser such as a diamond dresser.
- the pad surface roughness after dressing may not be sufficiently large.
- the polishing rate may decrease, or the polishing uniformity may decrease.
- a non-foamed polyurethane molded body having a low surface hardness is used as the polishing layer, such a problem is likely to occur.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a polishing layer excellent in dressability as a polishing layer of a polishing pad.
- thermoplastic polyurethane which is a reaction product of a polyurethane raw material containing a polymer diol, an organic diisocyanate, and a chain extender, wherein the chain extender has a linear carbon skeleton having 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
- a polyurethane for a polishing layer containing 50% by mass or more of a first chain extender is excellent in dressability even when the surface hardness is low.
- the chain extender contained in the polyurethane raw material preferably contains the first chain extender in an amount of 80% by mass or more from the viewpoint of obtaining a polishing layer capable of maintaining a hardness high enough not to cause scratches.
- the chain extender contained in the polyurethane raw material preferably contains only an acyclic compound.
- the urethane groups in the hard segment of the polyurethane are aggregated to show high crystallinity, so that it is difficult to cause a decrease in elastic modulus or a decrease in hardness due to heat generation during water absorption or polishing, and high flatness. And a polishing layer showing polishing stability is easily obtained. As a result, it is preferable in that a polishing layer having both dressing property and high flattening property can be easily obtained.
- Examples of the first chain extender include 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 2-methyl-1,8-octanediol, and 1,10-decanediol. , 1,12-dodecanediol and the like.
- the DSC curve obtained by differential scanning calorimetry preferably has at least one endothermic peak in the range of 100 to 160 ° C.
- the polishing layer is less likely to be softened by heat generated during polishing, it is preferable in that a polishing layer having an excellent balance between dressability and temperature dependency of mechanical properties is obtained.
- the total amount of crystallization enthalpy ( ⁇ H) of the endothermic peak is preferably 10 J / g or more.
- ⁇ H crystallization enthalpy
- the high molecular weight diol has a number average molecular weight of 600 to 1400 and contains 4.0 to 6.0% by mass of nitrogen derived from an organic diisocyanate, so that the polishing layer maintains a high hardness and has excellent polishing uniformity. Is preferred from the viewpoint that is obtained.
- the laser transmittance at a laser wavelength of 660 nm of 70% or more is a point that a polishing layer capable of inspecting a polishing end point while polishing a surface to be polished by optical means is obtained. Is preferred.
- a / B ⁇ 100 (A is the storage elastic modulus at 21 ° C. after saturated swelling with 50 ° C. hot water, and B is 21/100 when not saturated and swollen. It is preferable that the retention of the storage elastic modulus at the time of water saturation swelling is 55% or more, which is calculated from the storage elastic modulus at 0 ° C). Such a case is preferable in that a polishing layer whose polishing characteristics hardly change over time can be obtained even when swelled with water during polishing.
- the ratio (E ′ 21 / E ′ 80 ) of the storage elastic modulus E ′ 21 at 21 ° C. and the storage elastic modulus E ′ 80 at 80 ° C. is preferably 10 or less. This is preferable in that a polishing layer showing high polishing uniformity while maintaining hardness can be obtained.
- the JIS-D hardness of the sheet having a thickness of 2 mm is 50 to 70, since a polishing layer having particularly excellent polishing uniformity can be obtained.
- One aspect of the present invention is a polishing layer which is a molded article of any of the above polyurethanes for a polishing layer.
- a polishing layer is preferably used as a polishing layer having excellent dressability.
- the polishing layer is preferably a non-foamed molded body, since high polishing uniformity can be obtained while maintaining higher hardness, and there is no variation due to foam distribution.
- One aspect of the present invention is a polishing pad including the polishing layer.
- a polishing layer of a polishing pad having excellent dressability can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining CMP using the polishing pad of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the surface of the polishing pad after performing an accelerated dress test for 8 hours by CMP-MP-100C using the polishing pad manufactured in Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of the surface of the polishing pad after performing an accelerated dress test for 8 hours by CMP-MP-100C using the polishing pad manufactured in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a SEM photograph of the surface of the polishing pad after an 8-hour accelerated dress test was performed with CMP-MP3-DMB101-100E using the polishing pad manufactured in Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is an SEM photograph of the surface of the polishing pad after performing an accelerated dressing test with CMP-MP3-DMB101-100E for 8 hours using the polishing pad manufactured in Comparative Example 1.
- the polyurethane for a polishing layer of the present embodiment is a thermoplastic polyurethane which is a reaction product of a polyurethane raw material containing a polymer diol, an organic diisocyanate, and a chain extender, wherein the chain extender is a straight chain having 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Polyurethane is produced by polymerizing a polyurethane raw material containing a polymer diol, an organic diisocyanate, and a chain extender containing 50% by mass or more of a first chain extender having a linear carbon skeleton having 7 to 12 carbon atoms. it can.
- the polymerization is a urethanization reaction using a known prepolymer method or one-shot method. Specifically, for example, a method of continuously melt-polymerizing a polyurethane raw material while melt-mixing using a single-screw or multi-screw extruder at a predetermined ratio in the substantially absence of a solvent, or a solution in the presence of a solvent A method of polymerizing is exemplified.
- the chain extender is a low molecular weight compound having two active hydrogen atoms capable of reacting with an isocyanate group and having a number average molecular weight of less than 400, preferably 300, which is conventionally used as a raw material for producing polyurethane. These are the following low molecular compounds.
- the chain extender used for producing the polyurethane of the present embodiment contains 50% by mass or more of the first chain extender having a linear carbon skeleton having 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the carbon number of the linear carbon skeleton of the chain extender means the carbon number of the linear carbon skeleton between two active hydrogen atoms capable of reacting with the isocyanate group.
- the linear carbon skeleton of the first chain extender has 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the first chain extender having a straight-chain carbon skeleton having 7 to 12 carbon atoms reduces the aggregation density between polyurethane molecular chains by appropriately increasing the interval between urethane groups in the hard segment of the polyurethane molecule. As a result, the crystallinity of the polyurethane is reduced, and the wear resistance of the polyurethane is reduced.
- a chain extender having 13 or more carbon atoms in the straight chain carbon skeleton of the chain extender has a low reactivity with an organic diisocyanate, and thus tends to hardly increase the molecular weight of the polyurethane.
- the first chain extender include, for example, a chain extender having 7 carbon atoms having a straight-chain carbon skeleton such as 1,7-heptanediol; 1,8-octanediol and 2-methyl-1,8 A chain extender having 8 carbon atoms in a linear carbon skeleton such as -octanediol; a chain extender having 9 carbon atoms in a linear carbon skeleton such as 1,9-nonanediol; a linear carbon such as 1,10-decanediol A chain extender having 10 carbon atoms in the skeleton; a chain extender having 12 carbon atoms in a linear carbon skeleton such as 1,12-dodecanediol.
- the first chain extender may be a single compound or a combination of two or more compounds. In order not to increase the temperature dependency and to become too soft during polishing to lower the polishing uniformity and the polishing efficiency, it is preferable that substantially only one
- the content of the first chain extender with respect to the whole chain extender is 50% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90 to 100% by mass.
- Polyurethane produced by using a chain extender containing 50% by mass or more of the first chain extender has an agglomeration density between molecular chains due to a moderately long interval between urethane groups in hard segments of polyurethane molecules. It becomes moderately low, and the crystallinity of polyurethane becomes moderately low. Such polyurethanes have a moderately low abrasion resistance.
- the polishing layer using such a polyurethane is easily dressed, and when the surface is dressed, the surface roughness is increased and good slurry holding properties are exhibited. Then, a polishing layer that achieves excellent polishing uniformity and polishing rate can be obtained.
- the content of the first chain extender in the entire chain extender is less than 50% by mass, the interval between urethane groups in the hard segment of the polyurethane molecule is not sufficiently long, and the aggregation density between the molecular chains becomes high.
- a polyurethane having high crystallinity can be obtained.
- Polyurethane with high crystallinity has high abrasion resistance.
- the polishing layer using such a polyurethane is hard to be dressed, and when the surface is dressed, the surface roughness becomes small and the fuzz on the surface also becomes small, and shows low slurry retention.
- chain extender other than the first chain extender that can be used in combination with the first chain extender include carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton such as 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol.
- a compound having 3 carbon atoms such as 1,4-butanediol and cyclohexanediol; a compound having 5 carbon atoms such as 1,5-pentanediol and 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol;
- Compounds; compounds having 6 carbon atoms in the carbon skeleton such as 1,6-hexanediol and cyclohexanedimethanol
- compounds having 16 carbon atoms in the carbon skeleton such as 1,16-hexadecanediol
- carbon skeletons such as 1,18-octadecanediol
- a compound having 18 carbon atoms These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the average carbon number of the straight chain carbon skeleton of the chain extender is preferably 7 to 12, more preferably 8 to 10. Is preferred.
- the average carbon number of the linear carbon skeleton can be calculated from the sum of the products obtained by multiplying the carbon number of the linear carbon skeleton of each chain extender by the molar fraction in the total chain extender.
- the chain extender contained in the polyurethane raw material preferably contains only a non-cyclic compound having no ring structure.
- the urethane group in the hard segment of the polyurethane molecule is preferably aggregated, so that a polyurethane having appropriate crystallinity is easily obtained.
- the polishing layer using such a polyurethane hardly causes a decrease in elastic modulus or hardness due to heat generation during water absorption or polishing, and exhibits high flatness and polishing stability. As a result, it is preferable because a polishing layer having both excellent dressing property, high flattening property and polishing stability can be easily obtained.
- polymer diols such as polyether diol, polyester diol, and polycarbonate diol having a number average molecular weight of 400 or more, which have been conventionally used as a polyurethane raw material, are used without any particular limitation.
- polyether diol examples include, for example, poly (ethylene glycol), poly (propylene glycol), poly (tetramethylene glycol), poly (methyltetramethylene glycol), poly (oxypropylene glycol), glycerin-based polyalkylene ether Glycol and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polyester diol examples include, for example, a polyester diol obtained by directly esterifying or transesterifying a dicarboxylic acid or an ester-forming derivative thereof such as an ester or an anhydride with a low-molecular diol. .
- dicarboxylic acids include, for example, oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, 2-methylsuccinic acid, 2-methyladipic acid, 3 Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as 3-methyladipic acid, 3-methylpentanedioic acid, 2-methyloctanedioic acid, 3,8-dimethyldecandioic acid, and 3,7-dimethyldecandioic acid; triglycerides Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as dimerized aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 14 to 48 carbon atoms (dimer acid) and hydrogenated products thereof (hydrogenated dimer acid); Alicyclic dicarboxylic acids such as 4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid; aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as
- the low molecular weight diol include, for example, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl Glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 2-methyl-1,8-octane Aliphatic diols such as diol, 1,9-nonanediol and 1,10-decanediol; and alicyclic diols such as cyclohexanedimethanol and cyclohexanediol. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, diols having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, more
- polycarbonate diol examples include, for example, those obtained by reacting a low molecular weight diol with a carbonate compound.
- Low molecular diols include the low molecular diols described above.
- the carbonate compound include dialkyl carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, alkylene carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, and diaryl carbonates such as diphenyl carbonate.
- the polymer diol may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, it is particularly preferable to include at least one selected from poly (ethylene glycol), poly (propylene glycol), poly (tetramethylene glycol), and derivatives thereof, from the viewpoint of excellent hydrophilicity.
- the number average molecular weight of the high molecular weight diol is preferably from 600 to 1,400, more preferably from 800 to 1200, particularly preferably from 800 to 1,000. If the number average molecular weight of the high molecular weight diol is too low, the hardness and tensile modulus of the obtained polyurethane tend to decrease, and the polishing uniformity of the polishing layer tends to decrease. On the other hand, when the number average molecular weight of the high molecular diol is too high, the polishing layer has high hardness and high elasticity, and scratches tend to occur easily.
- the number average molecular weight of the high molecular weight diol is a number average molecular weight calculated based on a hydroxyl value measured according to JIS K1557.
- organic diisocyanate used for the production of polyurethane organic diisocyanate conventionally used as a raw material for polyurethane is used without any particular limitation. Specific examples thereof include ethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, and isophorone.
- Diisocyanate isopropylidene bis (4-cyclohexyl isocyanate), cyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, methylcyclohexane diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, 2,6-diisocyanatomethyl caproate, bis (2-isocyanatoethyl ) Fumarate, bis (2-isocyanatoethyl) carbonate, 2-isocyanatoethyl-2,6-diisocyanatohexanoe Aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates such as g, cyclohexylene diisocyanate, methylcyclohexylene diisocyanate, bis (2-isocyanatoethyl) -4-cyclohexene; 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphen
- the mixing ratio of each component of the polymer diol, the chain extender, and the organic diisocyanate in the polyurethane raw material used for the production of the polyurethane is appropriately selected in consideration of the desired mechanical properties, abrasion resistance and the like.
- the mixing ratio of the organic diisocyanate to the polymer diol and the chain extender is 0.95 to 1.3 mol of the isocyanate group contained in the organic diisocyanate per 1 mol of active hydrogen atoms contained in the polymer diol and the chain extender. Further, the ratio of 0.96 to 1.10 mol, particularly 0.97 to 1.05 mol, is required to be sufficient for the mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, productivity of thermoplastic polyurethane and storage stability of polyurethane. It is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent balance.
- the content ratio of nitrogen derived from the organic diisocyanate of the polyurethane is 4.0 to 6.0% by mass, further 4.3 to 5.8% by mass, particularly 4.5 to 5.5% by mass. It is preferable that it is a compounding ratio. In this case, the interval between the urethane groups in the hard segments of the polyurethane molecules becomes an appropriate length, the aggregation density of the polyurethane molecules is appropriate, and a polyurethane having an appropriate crystallinity can be obtained. And it is preferable from the point that the polishing layer excellent in dressability is obtained. When the content ratio of nitrogen derived from the organic diisocyanate is too low, the temperature dependency of the hardness tends to increase, and the polishing uniformity tends to decrease.
- the polyurethane obtained in this manner has a DSC curve measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) of 100 to 160 ° C., more preferably 110 to 150 ° C., especially 120 to 160 ° C., and at least one, preferably 2 to 100 ° C. It is preferable to have three endothermic peaks from the viewpoint that a polishing layer having an excellent balance between dressability and temperature dependence of mechanical properties can be obtained. In particular, it preferably has at least two endothermic peaks in the range of 100 to 160 ° C. In such a case, since the polishing layer is less likely to be softened by heat generated during polishing, a ratio (E ′ 21 / E ′) of the storage elastic modulus E ′ 21 at 21 ° C. and the storage elastic modulus E ′ 80 at 80 ° C. described later. 80 ) tends to be 10 or less.
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- the total amount of crystallization enthalpy ( ⁇ H) determined from the endothermic peak area is preferably 10 J / g or more. Having such an endothermic peak exhibiting appropriate crystallinity at a relatively low temperature side is particularly preferable because it can achieve both appropriate temperature dependency during polishing and excellent dressability.
- the upper limit of the total amount of crystallization enthalpy ( ⁇ H) is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 35 J / g from the viewpoint of achieving both appropriate temperature dependency and excellent dressability.
- the lowest endothermic peak exists at 100 to 160 ° C., and the total amount of crystallization enthalpy ( ⁇ H) determined from the endothermic peak area is 10 J / g or more. Preferably, there is. If the endothermic peak on the lowest temperature side of the polyurethane is present at a temperature that is too low, the mechanical properties of the polishing layer tend to change easily during polishing due to the large temperature dependence of the mechanical properties. . Further, when the endothermic peak on the low temperature side by DSC exists at an excessively high temperature, the hardness and wear resistance are increased even at a high temperature, and the dressing property may be insufficient.
- the polyurethane thus obtained preferably has a laser transmittance of 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, especially 90% or more, for a laser wavelength of 660 nm in a sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm.
- the laser transmittance with respect to the laser wavelength of 660 nm is the laser wavelength (660 nm), the laser output (310 ⁇ W), the distance (100 mm) between the detection head and the output head, and the sample position (the midpoint between the detection head and the output head). This is the value measured under the conditions.
- the soft segment and the hard segment of the polyurethane are liable to phase-separate, so that a thermoplastic polyurethane having a low rebound resilience tends to be formed, and the polishing uniformity is reduced. If the laser transmittance is too low, it tends to be difficult to inspect the workpiece and detect the polishing end point.
- the polyurethane obtained as described above has the following formula (1) in a sheet having a thickness of 0.3 mm.
- a / B ⁇ 100 (1) (A is the storage modulus at 21 ° C. after saturated swelling with warm water at 50 ° C., and B is the storage modulus at 21 ° C. without swelling with water) It is preferable that the retention of the storage elastic modulus at the time of water saturation swelling is 55% or more, more preferably 60% or more, and particularly preferably 75% or more. If the retention of the storage elastic modulus at the time of water saturation swelling is too low, the polishing layer absorbs water during polishing, so that the mechanical properties are likely to change, and after polishing is completed, the polishing layer is kept wet for several hours to several days. When the pad is left for a while, the polishing rate tends to decrease easily.
- a ratio of 80 'the storage modulus E at 21 and 80 ° C.' storage modulus E at 21 ° C. (E '21 / E' 80 ) is 10 or less, since the temperature dependence of the polishing layer is hardly changed by the temperature change during polishing because the temperature dependency is small, and a polishing layer excellent in polishing uniformity is easily obtained.
- This case is preferable because a polishing layer that is particularly excellent in the balance between the dressability and the temperature dependence of the mechanical characteristics can be easily obtained.
- the polyurethane thus obtained should have a JIS-D hardness of 50 to 70, and more preferably 50 to 65 in a sheet having a thickness of 2 mm, so that the polishing layer has an appropriate hardness. There is a tendency that the followability to the polished surface becomes appropriate, the local flatness is hardly reduced, and scratches are hardly generated.
- the polyurethane of the present embodiment has thermoplasticity.
- the thermoplasticity means a characteristic that can be molded by a molding method that includes a step of heating and melting such as extrusion molding, injection molding, calendar molding, and 3D printer molding.
- the molded article for a polishing layer is obtained by molding polyurethane by the various molding methods described above.
- it is preferable to employ extrusion molding using a T-die because it is excellent in productivity and a sheet-like molded body having a uniform thickness can be easily obtained.
- the thickness of the polishing layer is not particularly limited, and is appropriately adjusted according to the layer configuration and use of the polishing pad. Specifically, for example, the thickness of the polishing layer is preferably 0.8 to 3.0 mm, more preferably 1.0 to 2.5 mm, and particularly preferably 1.2 to 2.0 mm.
- the polishing layer is a non-foamed molded body, since the polishing characteristics are not easily changed and stable polishing can be realized.
- the polishing structure such as flattenability and flattening efficiency tends to fluctuate due to the variation in the foamed structure.
- the polishing pad of the present embodiment includes a polishing layer obtained by cutting out a piece such as a circle from a sheet-like molded body.
- the polishing pad may be a single-layer polishing pad composed of a polishing layer and an adhesive on the back surface, or a multi-layer polishing pad in which a cushion layer is laminated on the polishing layer.
- the cushion layer used in the multilayer polishing pad is preferably a layer having a hardness lower than the hardness of the polishing layer.
- the hard polishing layer follows local irregularities on the surface to be polished, and the cushion layer responds to warpage and undulation of the entire substrate to be polished. Since the following is followed, polishing excellent in balance between global flatness and local flatness can be performed.
- the material used as the cushion layer include a composite obtained by impregnating a non-woven fabric with polyurethane; rubber such as natural rubber, nitrile rubber, polybutadiene rubber, and silicone rubber; polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer, polyamide-based thermoplastic elastomer, and fluorine Thermoplastic elastomers such as a thermoplastic elastomer; foamed plastic; and polyurethane.
- polyurethane having a foamed structure is particularly preferable because a preferable flexibility for the cushion layer is easily obtained.
- the thickness of the cushion layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, about 0.3 to 1.2 mm, and more preferably about 0.5 to 1.0 mm. If the cushion layer is too thin, the effect of following the warp or undulation of the entire substrate to be polished is reduced, and global flatness tends to be reduced. On the other hand, if the cushion layer is too thick, the polishing pad as a whole tends to be soft, making stable polishing difficult.
- concave portions such as grooves and holes are formed on the polishing surface of the polishing layer in a predetermined concentric pattern by grinding or laser processing.
- a concave portion serves to uniformly and sufficiently supply the slurry to the polishing surface, discharge the polishing debris causing scratches, and prevent wafer damage due to adsorption of the polishing layer.
- the pitch between the grooves is about 1.0 to 50 mm, more preferably about 1.5 to 30 mm, particularly about 2.0 to 15 mm, and especially about 6.0 to 15 mm. Is preferred.
- the width of the groove is preferably 0.1 to 3.0 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 2.0 mm, and particularly preferably about 0.4 to 2.0 mm.
- the depth of the groove is preferably about 0.2 to 1.8 mm, more preferably about 0.4 to 1.5 mm.
- a shape such as a rectangle, a trapezoid, a triangle, and a semicircle is appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the method for forming the concave portion in the polishing layer is not particularly limited. Specifically, for example, the surface of the polishing layer is cut so as to form a pattern of a predetermined concave portion, a concave portion is formed by transferring with a mold at the time of injection molding, or a heated mold is used. Examples include a method of forming by stamping and the like.
- a CMP apparatus 20 including a circular rotating platen 11, a slurry supply nozzle 12, a carrier 13, and a pad dresser 14 as viewed from above as shown in FIG. 1 is used.
- the polishing pad 10 provided with the above-mentioned polishing layer is attached to the surface of the rotating platen 11 with a double-sided tape or the like.
- the carrier 13 supports the workpiece 15.
- the rotating platen 11 is rotated by a motor (not shown) in a direction indicated by an arrow.
- the carrier 13 is rotated in the plane of the rotating platen 11 by, for example, a motor (not shown) in a direction indicated by an arrow.
- the pad dresser 14 is also rotated in the plane of the rotary platen 11 by a motor (not shown), for example, in a direction indicated by an arrow.
- polishing surface of the polishing pad 10 which is fixed to the rotating surface plate 11 and rotates, for example, a pad dresser 14 for CMP in which diamond particles are fixed to the carrier surface by nickel electrodeposition or the like is pressed. Then, the polishing surface of the polishing pad 10 is dressed. The dressing adjusts the polished surface to a surface roughness suitable for polishing the surface to be polished.
- a pad dresser is generally a diamond dresser in which diamonds of the same size and size are fixed to a base metal with a metal material by an electrodeposition method or a brazing method.
- Diamonds include irregular types such as CMP-MP-100C using very sharp diamonds, and blocky types such as CMP-MP3-DMB101-100E using obtuse diamonds compared to the irregular types. is there.
- the polishing layer using the polyurethane of the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
- the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the pad surface that has been subjected to a dressing process using a pad dresser is 1.8 ⁇ m or more and the maximum height (Rz).
- the slurry 16 is supplied from the slurry supply nozzle 12 to the polishing surface of the rotating polishing pad 10. Further, when performing the CMP, if necessary, a lubricating oil, a cooling agent and the like may be used together with the slurry.
- the slurry is, for example, a liquid medium such as water or oil; abrasive grains such as silica, alumina, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, and silicon carbide; an oxidizing agent such as a base, an acid, a surfactant, and a hydrogen peroxide solution; A slurry used for CMP containing a reducing agent, a chelating agent and the like is preferably used.
- the polishing conditions are not particularly limited, but in order to perform the polishing efficiently, the rotation speed of each of the rotating platen and the carrier is preferably low rotation of 300 rpm or less. It is preferable to set the pressure to 150 kPa or less so as not to prevent the occurrence.
- the slurry be continuously supplied to the polishing surface by a pump or the like. Although the supply amount of the slurry is not particularly limited, it is preferable to supply the slurry so that the polishing surface is always covered with the slurry.
- polishing target material after polishing is thoroughly washed with running water
- the CMP of this embodiment is preferably used for polishing in a manufacturing process of various semiconductor devices, MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems), and the like.
- the polishing target include an insulating film such as an oxide film formed on a semiconductor substrate, a wiring metal film such as copper, aluminum, and tungsten; a barrier metal film such as tantalum, titanium, tantalum nitride, and titanium nitride; In particular, it is preferably used for polishing an insulating film such as an oxide film. It is also possible to polish a metal film on which a pattern such as a wiring pattern or a dummy pattern is formed.
- thermoplastic polyurethane A the endothermic peak temperature (° C.) of the thermoplastic polyurethane A and the crystallization enthalpy ( ⁇ H) (J / g) are determined from the endothermic peak.
- ⁇ H crystallization enthalpy
- thermoplastic polyurethane sheet A 500 ⁇ m-thick press-formed sheet was produced. Then, the press-formed sheet was cut into a predetermined size, and the light transmittance at a wavelength of 660 nm was measured under the following conditions.
- ⁇ Spectral transmittance measurement device "U-4000Spectrometer” manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.
- the dynamic viscoelastic modulus of the test piece at 21 ° C. was measured at a frequency of 11 Hz.
- the storage elastic modulus after saturated swelling with water is denoted by A
- the storage elastic modulus without saturated swelling with water is denoted by B
- ⁇ hardness> A press-formed sheet having a thickness of 2 mm was prepared, and the hardness (JIS-D hardness) was measured in accordance with JIS K 7311.
- ⁇ Dress test> A press-formed sheet having a thickness of 2.0 mm was prepared, and a test piece of 20 mm x 50 mm was cut out from the press-formed sheet. A groove having a width of 1.0 mm and a depth of 1.0 mm was formed in the obtained test piece. Then, a hole having the same shape as the outer shape of the test piece was opened in the polishing layer, and the test piece was fitted into the hole to obtain a polishing pad. The polishing pad was attached to a CMP apparatus (6EG nHance manufactured by Strasbough).
- FIG. 2 shows an SEM photograph of the surface of the polishing pad after performing a dress test by CMP-MP-100C using the polishing pad manufactured in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 shows an SEM photograph of the surface of the polishing pad after a dress test was performed with CMP-MP3-DMB101-100E using the polishing pad manufactured in Example 1.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- the obtained prepolymer was kneaded with a small kneader at 240 ° C. and a screw rotation speed of 100 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a thermoplastic polyurethane C.
- the obtained prepolymer was kneaded with a small kneader at 240 ° C. and a screw rotation speed of 100 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a thermoplastic polyurethane D.
- thermoplastic polyurethane D instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A. Table 1 shows the results.
- the obtained prepolymer was kneaded in a small kneader at 240 ° C. and a screw rotation speed of 100 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a thermoplastic polyurethane E.
- thermoplastic polyurethane E was evaluated similarly to Example 1 except having used thermoplastic polyurethane E instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A. Table 1 shows the results.
- the mixture was mixed at a ratio of 0.0: 48.6 (mass ratio) to prepare a prepolymer.
- the obtained prepolymer was kneaded with a small kneader at 240 ° C. and a screw rotation speed of 100 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a thermoplastic polyurethane F.
- thermoplastic polyurethane F instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A. Table 1 shows the results.
- a polymer was prepared. The obtained prepolymer was kneaded in a small kneader at 240 ° C. and a screw rotation speed of 100 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a thermoplastic polyurethane G. And it evaluated similarly to Example 1 except having used thermoplastic polyurethane G instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A. Table 1 shows the results.
- the obtained prepolymer was kneaded in a small kneader at 240 ° C. and a screw rotation speed of 100 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a thermoplastic polyurethane J.
- thermoplastic polyurethane J instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A. Table 1 shows the results.
- the obtained prepolymer was kneaded with a small kneader at 240 ° C. and a screw rotation speed of 100 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a thermoplastic polyurethane K.
- thermoplastic polyurethane K instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A.
- Table 2 shows the results.
- FIG. 3 shows an SEM photograph of the surface of the polishing pad after performing a dress test by CMP-MP-100C using the polishing pad manufactured in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 5 shows an SEM photograph of the surface of the polishing pad after a dress test was performed with CMP-MP3-DMB101-100E using the polishing pad manufactured in Comparative Example 1.
- the obtained prepolymer was kneaded with a small kneader at 240 ° C. and a screw rotation speed of 100 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a thermoplastic polyurethane M.
- thermoplastic polyurethane M 33.0: 18.4: 48.6 (mass ratio)
- a polymer was prepared.
- the obtained prepolymer was kneaded with a small kneader at 240 ° C. and a screw rotation speed of 100 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a thermoplastic polyurethane O.
- thermoplastic polyurethane O was evaluated similarly to Example 1 except having used thermoplastic polyurethane O instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A. Table 2 shows the results.
- a polymer was prepared.
- the obtained prepolymer was kneaded in a small kneader at 240 ° C. and a screw rotation speed of 100 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a thermoplastic polyurethane H.
- evaluation was made in the same manner as in Example 1 except that thermoplastic polyurethane H was used instead of thermoplastic polyurethane A. Table 2 shows the results.
- thermoplastic polyurethane according to the present invention which is a reaction product of a polyurethane raw material containing a polymer diol, an organic diisocyanate, and a chain extender, wherein the chain extender has a straight chain carbon skeleton having 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the polishing pads obtained in Examples 1 to 10 provided with a molded article of polyurethane containing at least 50% by mass of the chain extender as a polishing layer have a longer spacing between urethane groups in the hard segments, and thus have a lower molecular weight between the molecular chains.
- the polishing pad obtained in (1) exhibited high abrasion resistance and reduced dressability due to an increase in the aggregation density between molecular chains and crystallinity due to the short spacing of urethane groups in the hard segments.
- the polishing pad obtained in Comparative Example 4 provided with a polishing layer made of thermoplastic polyurethane using a chain extender having 6 carbon atoms as a cyclic compound was amorphous and had a high surface hardness.
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Abstract
Description
A/B×100・・・(1)
(Aは50℃の温水で飽和膨潤させた後の21℃における貯蔵弾性率、Bは水で膨潤させていない21℃における貯蔵弾性率)
から算出される、貯蔵弾性率の水飽和膨潤時保持率が55%以上、さらには60%以上、とくには75%以上であることが好ましい。貯蔵弾性率の水飽和膨潤時保持率が低すぎる場合には、研磨中に研磨層が吸水することにより機械的特性が変化しやすくなり、また、研磨終了後、数時間~数日間、湿潤状態でパッドを放置した場合に研磨速度が低下しやすくなる傾向がある。
数平均分子量850のポリテトラメチレングリコール(PTMG850)、1,9-ノナンジオール(1,9ND)、及び4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)を、PTMG850:1,9ND:MDI=32.9:22.4:44.7(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンAを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAを以下のような評価方法により評価した。
示差走査熱量計(ティー・エイ・インスツルメント社製「Q2000」)を用い、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの吸熱ピーク温度(℃)及びその吸熱ピークから結晶化エンタルピー(ΔH)(J/g)を求めた。なお測定は、サンプル約2mgをアルミパンで密閉し、窒素ガス雰囲気下で-30℃から250℃まで10℃/分で昇温した。
はじめに、元素分析法により下記の条件で全窒素含有量を算出した。
・装置 :パーキンエルマー社製 全自動元素分析装置2400シリーズII型(オートサンプラー標準装備)C・H・N・S/O分析装置
・電気炉温度:975℃
・試料量 :2mg
・助燃剤 :なし
・試料容器:錫箔(助燃効果あり、1枚使用)
・検量線作成用標準物質:スルファニルアミド
次に、下記の条件でNMRの測定により有機ジイソシアネートに由来する窒素原子及び鎖伸長剤に由来する窒素原子を検出した。
・装置 :日本電子製核磁気共鳴装置 Lambda500
・測定条件:共鳴周波数;1H 500MHz /プローブ;TH5FG2
・溶媒 :DMSO-d6 濃度;5wt%/vol
・測定温度:80℃
・積算回数:64s
そして、元素分析法及びNMRの結果から、有機ジイソシアネートに由来する窒素含有量を算出した。
厚さ500μmのプレス成形シートを作製した。そして、プレス成形シートを所定の大きさに切り出し、波長660nmの光透過率を下記の条件で測定した。
・分光透過率測定装置 :(株)日立製作所製の「U-4000Spectrometer」
・レーザー波長 :660nm
・レーザー出力 :310μW
・検出ヘッド出力ヘッド間距離:10cm
・試験片の測定位置 :検出ヘッドと出力ヘッドとの中間位置
厚さ300μmのプレス成形シートを作製した。そして、プレス成形シートから5.0×30(mm)の試験片を切り出し、23℃、65%RHの条件下に3日間放置して状態調整をした。そして、試験片を動的粘弾性測定装置(DVEレオスペクトラー(株)レオロジー製)を用いて、21℃における動的粘弾性率を周波数11Hzで測定することにより、貯蔵弾性率を求めた。
一方、同様の試験片を50℃の温水に48時間浸漬することにより水で飽和膨潤させた。そして、温水から取り出した試験片の表面の水分を拭き取った後、試験片の21℃における動的粘弾性率を周波数11Hzで測定することにより、50℃の温水で飽和膨潤させた後の21℃における動的粘弾性率を周波数11Hzで測定することにより、貯蔵弾性率を求めた。
そして、水で飽和膨潤させた後の貯蔵弾性率をA、水で飽和膨潤させていない貯蔵弾性率をBとして、水膨潤時の貯蔵弾性率の保持率を、下記式(1):
A/B×100・・・(1)
(Aは50℃の温水で飽和膨潤させた後の21℃における貯蔵弾性率、Bは飽和膨潤させていない21℃における貯蔵弾性率)
により算出した。
厚さ300μmのプレス成形シートを作製した。そして、プレス成形シートから5.0×30(mm)の試験片を切り出し、23℃、65%RHの条件下に3日間放置して状態調整をした。そして、試験片を動的粘弾性測定装置(DVEレオスペクトラー(株)レオロジー製)を用いて、21℃、80℃における動的粘弾性率を周波数11Hzで測定することにより、貯蔵弾性率を求めた。
厚さ2mmのプレス成形シートを作製し、JIS K 7311に準拠して、硬度(JIS-D硬度)を測定した。
厚さ2.0mmのプレス成形シートを作製して、プレス成形シートから20mm×50mmの試験片を切り出した。得られた試験片に幅1.0mm、深さ1.0mmの溝を形成した。そして、試験片外形と同じ形状の穴を研磨層に開け、穴に試験片をはめ込み、研磨パッドを得た。研磨パッドをCMP装置(Strasbaugh社製 6EG nHance)に装着した。そして、ダイヤモンドドレッサ2種類(旭ダイヤモンド工業(株)製 CMP-MP-100C、CMP-MP3-DMB101-100E)を用い、スラリーを150mL/分の速度で流しながらドレッサ回転数101rpm、研磨パッド回転数100rpm、ドレッサ荷重4lbfの条件で研磨パッド表面を8時間研削した。
そして、表面粗さ計((株)ミツトヨ製 SJ-400)を用いて研削後の研磨層表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)、最大高さ(Rz)を測定した。一例として、図2に、実施例1で製造した研磨パッドを用いてCMP-MP-100Cでドレス試験を行った後の研磨パッドの表面のSEM写真を示す。また、図4に、実施例1で製造した研磨パッドを用いてCMP-MP3-DMB101-100Eでドレス試験を行った後の研磨パッドの表面のSEM写真を示す。
PTMG850、1,7-へプタンジオール(1,7HD)、MDIを、PTMG850:1,7HD:MDI=33.0:19.8:47.2(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンBを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの代わりに熱可塑性ポリウレタンBを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表1に示す。
PTMG850、1,8-オクタンジオール(1,8OD)、MDIを、PTMG850:1,8OD:MDI=33.0:21.1:45.9(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンCを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの代わりに熱可塑性ポリウレタンCを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表1に示す。
PTMG850、1,10-デカンジオール(1,10DD)、MDIを、PTMG850:1,10DD:MDI=33.1:23.5:43.4(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンDを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの代わりに熱可塑性ポリウレタンDを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表1に示す。
PTMG850、1,12-ドデカンジオール(1,12DD)、MDIを、PTMG850:1,12DD:MDI=33.0:25.6:41.4(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンEを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの代わりに熱可塑性ポリウレタンEを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表1に示す。
PTMG850、1,4-ブタンジオール(1,4BD)、1,10-デカンジオール(1,10DD)、MDIを、PTMG850:1,4BD:1,10DD:MDI=33.1:9.3:9.0:48.6(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンFを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの代わりに熱可塑性ポリウレタンFを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表1に示す。
PTMG850、1,4BD、1,10DD、MDIを、PTMG850:1,4BD:1,10DD:MDI=33.1:4.3:16.8:45.8(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンGを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの代わりに熱可塑性ポリウレタンGを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表1に示す。
PTMG850、1,6-ヘキサンジオール(1,6HD)、1,10DD、MDIを、PTMG850:1,6HD:1,10DD:MDI=33.0:8.5:12.6:45.9(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンHを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの代わりに熱可塑性ポリウレタンHを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表1に示す。
PTMG650、1,9ND、MDIを、PTMG650:1,9ND:MDI=32.9:21.3:45.8(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンIを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの代わりに熱可塑性ポリウレタンIを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表1に示す。
PTMG1400、1,9ND、MDIを、PTMG1400:1,9ND:MDI=33.1:23.8:43.1(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンJを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの代わりに熱可塑性ポリウレタンJを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表1に示す。
PTMG850、1,4BD、MDIを、PTMG850:1,4BD:MDI=33.0:15.2:51.8(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンKを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの代わりに熱可塑性ポリウレタンKを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表2に示す。また、図3に、比較例1で製造した研磨パッドを用いてCMP-MP-100Cでドレス試験を行った後の研磨パッドの表面のSEM写真を示す。さらに、図5に比較例1で製造した研磨パッドを用いてCMP-MP3-DMB101-100Eでドレス試験を行った後の研磨パッドの表面のSEM写真を示す。
PTMG850、1,5-ペンタンジオール(1,5PD)、MDIを、PTMG850:1,5PD:MDI=33.0:16.8:50.1(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンLを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの代わりに熱可塑性ポリウレタンLを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表2に示す。
PTMG850、1,6HD、MDIを、PTMG850:1,6HD:MDI=33.0:18.4:48.6(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンMを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの代わりに熱可塑性ポリウレタンMを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表2に示す。
PTMG850、シクロヘキサンジメタノール(CHDM)、MDIを、PTMG850:CHDM:MDI=33.2:20.8:45.9(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンNを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの代わりに熱可塑性ポリウレタンNを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表2に示す。
PTMG850、1,4BD、1,10DD、MDIを、PTMG850:1,4BD:1,10DD:MDI=33.0:10.5:7.2:49.3(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンOを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの代わりに熱可塑性ポリウレタンOを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表2に示す。
PTMG850、1,6HD、1,8OD、MDIを、PTMG850:1,6HD:1,10DD:MDI=33.1:11.6:7.7:45.9(質量比)の割合で混合しプレポリマーを調製した。そして、得られたプレポリマーを小型ニーダーで、240℃、スクリュー回転数100rpmの条件で5分間混練することにより熱可塑性ポリウレタンHを得た。そして、熱可塑性ポリウレタンAの代わりに熱可塑性ポリウレタンHを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表2に示す。
また、環状化合物である炭素数6の鎖伸長剤を用いた熱可塑性ポリウレタンを研磨層として備える比較例4で得られた研磨パッドは非晶性であり、表面硬度が高かった。
Claims (15)
- 高分子ジオールと有機ジイソシアネートと鎖伸長剤とを含むポリウレタン原料の反応物である熱可塑性ポリウレタンであって、
前記鎖伸長剤は、炭素数7~12の直鎖炭素骨格を含む第1の鎖伸長剤を50質量%以上含有する研磨層用ポリウレタン。 - 前記鎖伸長剤は、前記第1の鎖伸長剤を80質量%以上含有する請求項1に記載の研磨層用ポリウレタン。
- 前記鎖伸長剤は、非環状化合物のみを含む請求項1または2に記載の研磨層用ポリウレタン。
- 前記第1の鎖伸長剤が、1,7-へプタンジオール,1,8-オクタンジオール,1,9-ノナンジオール,2-メチル-1,8-オクタンジオール,1,10-デカンジオール,及び1,12-ドデカンジオールからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物である請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用ポリウレタン。
- 示差走査熱量測定によるDSC曲線において、100~160℃の範囲に少なくとも1つの吸熱ピークを有する請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用ポリウレタン。
- 示差走査熱量測定によるDSC曲線において、100~160℃の範囲に少なくとも2つの吸熱ピークを有する請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用ポリウレタン。
- 前記吸熱ピークは、結晶化エンタルピー(ΔH)の総量が10J/g以上である請求項5または6に記載の研磨層用ポリウレタン。
- 前記高分子ジオールは数平均分子量600~1400であり、前記有機ジイソシアネートに由来する4.0~6.0質量%の窒素を含有する請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用ポリウレタン。
- 厚さ0.5mmのシートにおいて、660nmのレーザー波長に対するレーザー透過率が70%以上である請求項1~8の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用ポリウレタン。
- 厚さ0.3mmのシートにおいて、下記式:(1)
A/B×100・・・(1)
(Aは50℃の温水で飽和膨潤させた後の21℃における貯蔵弾性率、Bは水で膨潤させていないときの21℃における貯蔵弾性率)
から算出される、貯蔵弾性率の水飽和膨潤時保持率が55%以上である請求項1~9の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用ポリウレタン。 - 厚さ0.3mmのシートにおいて、21℃における貯蔵弾性率E'21と80℃における貯蔵弾性率E'80の比率(E'21/E'80)が、10以下である請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用ポリウレタン。
- 厚さ2mmのシートにおいて、JIS-D硬度が50~70である請求項1~11の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用ポリウレタン。
- 請求項1~12の何れか1項に記載の研磨層用ポリウレタンの成形体である研磨層。
- 非発泡成形体である請求項13に記載の研磨層。
- 請求項13または14に記載の研磨層を備える研磨パッド。
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EP3834987A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 |
TW202014446A (zh) | 2020-04-16 |
KR20210021056A (ko) | 2021-02-24 |
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