WO2016068071A1 - 二次電池、電動車両、蓄電システム、および製造方法 - Google Patents
二次電池、電動車両、蓄電システム、および製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016068071A1 WO2016068071A1 PCT/JP2015/080092 JP2015080092W WO2016068071A1 WO 2016068071 A1 WO2016068071 A1 WO 2016068071A1 JP 2015080092 W JP2015080092 W JP 2015080092W WO 2016068071 A1 WO2016068071 A1 WO 2016068071A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode tab
- reinforcing member
- secondary battery
- battery
- fusing
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
- H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
- H01M50/557—Plate-shaped terminals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/049—Processes for forming or storing electrodes in the battery container
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
- H01M50/141—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors for protecting against humidity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
- H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
- H01M50/178—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for pouch or flexible bag cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
- H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
- H01M2200/103—Fuse
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
- H01M50/51—Connection only in series
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery or the like, and more particularly to a secondary battery or the like in which the function is made more reliable in a structure in which an electrode tab or the like has a fuse function.
- a film-clad battery is one in which a battery element is housed together with an electrolyte in an exterior body (also referred to as a “film exterior body”) made of such a laminate film. Positive and negative electrode tabs are drawn from the battery element, and each electrode tab is configured to extend to the outside of the film outer package.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a notch portion may be provided in the electrode tab drawn out from the film exterior body so that the notch portion is bent and the notch portion functions as a fuse. ing. This notch of the electrode tab is covered with an insulating resin. Patent Document 1 suggests that a part of the electrode tab functions as a fuse, but does not specifically mention the influence of heat generated in the part when the electrode tab is actually functioned as a fuse. When the battery has such a fuse function, it is necessary to sufficiently examine whether or not the fuse part normally blows and whether or not the heat generated in the part does not adversely affect other parts of the battery. Such a problem is not peculiar to a film-clad battery, and can occur in other types of secondary batteries as well.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a point, and an object thereof is to provide a secondary battery or the like in which the function is made more reliable in a structure in which the electrode tab has a fuse function. .
- a secondary battery is as follows: A battery element in which a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate are laminated; An exterior body that houses the battery element together with an electrolyte solution; A positive electrode tab and a negative electrode tab drawn from the outer package; A secondary battery comprising: further, A fusing part that is formed in a part of the electrode tab and blows preferentially over other parts when a predetermined current flows, A reinforcing member attached to a part of the electrode tab that includes at least the fused part in a state of being separated from the exterior body, A secondary battery comprising:
- the “secondary battery” includes not only those using a film outer package such as a laminate film (film outer battery) but also those using a hard container such as a metal can or a resin case as the outer package.
- Examples of the outer shape of the battery include a flat type (thin type), a square type, a cylindrical type, a coin type, and a button type.
- “Film-clad battery” refers to a battery in which a battery element is accommodated in a film-clad body together with an electrolytic solution, and generally has a flat shape as a whole.
- a battery for an electric vehicle is required to have a large capacity, a low internal resistance, a high heat dissipation, and the like, and a film-covered battery is advantageous in these respects.
- One film-clad battery may be referred to as a “battery cell” or simply a “cell”.
- the “film outer package” means an outer package made of a flexible film and containing a battery element. The film element is hermetically sealed by arranging two films facing each other and welding them together. Alternatively, the battery element may be sealed by folding a single film and welding the opposed surfaces.
- the simple term “exterior body” includes both a non-flexible body (for example, a hard case) and a flexible body such as the film exterior body.
- the “melting part” may be a part where the cross-sectional area is partially small, or it is made of a material having a melting point lower than that of other parts, so that it is preferentially fused over other parts. It may be a part to do.
- the “power supply unit” (assembled battery) can be used for a vehicle, a predetermined system, and the like, and includes a plurality of secondary batteries (cells).
- the plurality of cells may or may not be mounted as a sub-assembly every several cells.
- a “battery pack” in which several cells are accommodated in a predetermined case is manufactured and one or more of them are mounted. It may be a configuration.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a secondary battery or the like in which the function is made more reliable in the structure in which the electrode tab has a fuse function.
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view of a film exterior battery. It is sectional drawing which shows a part of cross section of the battery of FIG. It is a top view which shows typically the structure of the electrode tab of the battery which concerns on one form of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the electrode tab and reinforcement member in one aspect
- FIG. 10A It is a perspective view of an example of a reinforcing member. It is a modification of the reinforcing member of the type of FIG. 5A. It is a figure which shows an example of the fusing part formed in an electrode tab. It is a figure which shows two examples in which a fusing part is formed in the other electroconductive material connected to the electrode tab. It is a schematic diagram of an electrical storage system. It is a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle. It is a figure which shows an example of the battery pack accommodated in the battery part which is an assembled battery. It is a figure which shows each element of the battery pack of FIG. 10A. It is a figure which shows the film-clad battery single-piece
- the film-clad battery 50 is connected to the battery element 20, the film-clad body 10 that houses the battery element 20, and the battery-clad element 20.
- a positive electrode tab 21 and a negative electrode tab 25 (hereinafter also simply referred to as “electrode tabs”).
- the battery element 20 is formed by alternately laminating a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes made of metal foils each coated with an electrode material on both sides of a separator.
- the overall external shape of the battery element 20 is not particularly limited, in this example, it is a flat and substantially rectangular parallelepiped.
- each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode has an extended portion that partially protrudes from a part of the outer periphery.
- the extension part of the positive electrode and the extension part of the negative electrode are alternately arranged so as not to interfere with each other when the positive electrode and the negative electrode are stacked. All the negative electrode extensions are collected together and connected to the negative electrode tab. Similarly, for the positive electrode, all the positive electrode extensions are collected together and connected to the positive electrode tab.
- the connection between the electrode tab and the extension may be made by welding. Note that the portions gathered together in the stacking direction between the extension portions in this way are also called “current collectors” or the like.
- the electrode tabs 21 and 25 connected to the current collector can be adopted as the electrode tabs 21 and 25 connected to the current collector.
- the positive electrode tab 21 is aluminum or an aluminum alloy
- the negative electrode tab 25 is copper or nickel.
- the surface may be nickel-plated.
- separators webs and sheets made of organic materials, for example, woven fabrics such as cellulose, non-woven fabrics, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyimides, porous polymer membranes such as porous polyvinylidene fluoride membranes, or ion conductive polymers An electrolyte membrane or the like can be used. These can be used alone or in combination.
- the separator which consists of inorganic materials, such as a ceramic and glass, can also be used as a separator.
- a nonwoven fabric separator made of ceramic short fibers such as alumina, alumina-silica, potassium titanate, or a base material made of woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, paper or porous film, a heat-resistant nitrogen-containing aromatic polymer, and
- a separator comprising a layer containing ceramic powder, or a heat resistant layer is provided on a part of the surface, and this heat resistant layer is a porous thin film layer containing ceramic powder, a porous thin film layer of a heat resistant resin, or Porous thin film layer separator made of a composite of ceramic powder and heat-resistant resin, or porous made by binding secondary particles formed by sintering or dissolving and recrystallizing a part of primary particles of a ceramic material by a binder
- the negative electrode has a negative electrode current collector formed of a metal foil, and a negative electrode active material coated on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material is bound so as to cover the negative electrode current collector with a negative electrode binder.
- the negative electrode current collector is formed to have an extension connected to the negative electrode terminal, and the negative electrode active material is not applied to the extension.
- the negative electrode active material in the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
- a carbon material that can occlude and release lithium ions a metal that can be alloyed with lithium, a metal oxide that can occlude and release lithium ions, and the like. Is mentioned.
- Examples of the carbon material include carbon, amorphous carbon, diamond-like carbon, carbon nanotube, or a composite thereof.
- carbon with high crystallinity has high electrical conductivity, and is excellent in adhesiveness and voltage flatness with a negative electrode current collector made of a metal such as copper.
- amorphous carbon having low crystallinity has a relatively small volume expansion, it has a high effect of relaxing the volume expansion of the entire negative electrode, and deterioration due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects hardly occurs.
- a negative electrode containing a metal or metal oxide is preferable in that it can improve the energy density and increase the capacity per unit weight or unit volume of the battery.
- the metal examples include Al, Si, Pb, Sn, In, Bi, Ag, Ba, Ca, Hg, Pd, Pt, Te, Zn, La, and alloys of two or more thereof. Moreover, you may use these metals or alloys in mixture of 2 or more types. These metals or alloys may contain one or more non-metallic elements.
- the metal oxide examples include silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, lithium oxide, and composites thereof.
- tin oxide or silicon oxide is included as a negative electrode active material, and it is more preferable that silicon oxide is included. This is because silicon oxide is relatively stable and hardly causes a reaction with other compounds.
- one or more elements selected from nitrogen, boron and sulfur may be added to the metal oxide, for example, 0.1 to 5% by mass.
- the electrical conductivity of a metal oxide can be improved.
- the electrical conductivity can be similarly improved by coating a metal or metal oxide with a conductive material such as carbon by a method such as vapor deposition.
- the negative electrode active material can be used by mixing a plurality of materials without using a single material.
- the same kind of materials such as graphite and amorphous carbon may be mixed, or different kinds of materials such as graphite and silicon may be mixed.
- the binder for the negative electrode is not particularly limited.
- polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer Rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyacrylic acid, or the like can be used.
- the amount of the binder for the negative electrode used is 0.5 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material from the viewpoints of “sufficient binding force” and “high energy” which are in a trade-off relationship. Is preferred.
- the negative electrode current collector aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, chromium, copper, silver, and alloys thereof are preferable in view of electrochemical stability.
- the shape include foil, flat plate, and mesh.
- a conductive auxiliary material may be added to the coating layer containing the negative electrode active material for the purpose of reducing impedance.
- the conductive auxiliary material include scaly, rod-like, and fibrous carbonaceous fine particles, such as graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, and vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF (registered trademark) manufactured by Showa Denko).
- the positive electrode has a positive electrode current collector formed of a metal foil, and a positive electrode active material coated on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material is bound so as to cover the positive electrode current collector with a positive electrode binder.
- the positive electrode current collector is formed to have an extension connected to the positive electrode terminal, and the positive electrode active material is not applied to the extension.
- the positive electrode active material in the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium, and can be selected from several viewpoints. From the viewpoint of increasing the energy density, it is preferable to include a high-capacity compound.
- the high-capacity compound include nickel-lithium oxide (LiNiO 2 ) or lithium-nickel composite oxide obtained by substituting a part of nickel in nickel-lithium oxide with another metal element.
- the layered structure represented by the following formula (A) Lithium nickel composite oxide is preferred.
- the Ni content is high, that is, in the formula (A), x is preferably less than 0.5, and more preferably 0.4 or less.
- LiNi 0.8 Co 0.05 Mn 0.15 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2, LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Al can be preferably used 0.1 O 2 or the like.
- the Ni content does not exceed 0.5, that is, in the formula (A), x is 0.5 or more. It is also preferred that the number of specific transition metals does not exceed half.
- LiNi 0.4 Co 0.3 Mn 0.3 O 2 (abbreviated as NCM433), LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 (abbreviated as NCM523), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.3 Mn 0.2 O 2 (abbreviated as NCM532), etc. (however, the content of each transition metal in these compounds varies by about 10%) Can also be included).
- two or more compounds represented by the formula (A) may be used as a mixture.
- NCM532 or NCM523 and NCM433 range from 9: 1 to 1: 9 (typically 2 It is also preferable to use a mixture in 1).
- a material having a high Ni content (x is 0.4 or less) and a material having a Ni content not exceeding 0.5 (x is 0.5 or more, for example, NCM433) are mixed. As a result, a battery having a high capacity and high thermal stability can be formed.
- the positive electrode active material for example, LiMnO 2 , Li x Mn 2 O 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), Li 2 MnO 3 , Li x Mn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) Lithium manganate having a layered structure or spinel structure such as LiCoO 2 or a part of these transition metals replaced with another metal; Li in these lithium transition metal oxides more than the stoichiometric composition And those having an olivine structure such as LiFePO 4 .
- any of the positive electrode active materials described above can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- radical materials or the like can be used as the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode binder the same as the negative electrode binder can be used.
- the amount of the positive electrode binder to be used is preferably 2 to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material from the viewpoints of “sufficient binding force” and “high energy” which are in a trade-off relationship. .
- the positive electrode current collector the same as the negative electrode current collector can be used.
- a conductive auxiliary material may be added to the positive electrode active material coating layer for the purpose of reducing impedance.
- the conductive auxiliary material include carbonaceous fine particles such as graphite, carbon black, and acetylene black.
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a lithium salt (supporting salt) and a nonaqueous solvent that dissolves the supporting salt can be used.
- an aprotic organic solvent such as carbonate ester (chain or cyclic carbonate), carboxylic acid ester (chain or cyclic carboxylic acid ester), and phosphate ester can be used.
- carbonate solvents examples include cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), and vinylene carbonate (VC); dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethyl methyl carbonate. (EMC), chain carbonates such as dipropyl carbonate (DPC); and propylene carbonate derivatives.
- PC propylene carbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- BC butylene carbonate
- VVC vinylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DPC dipropyl carbonate
- propylene carbonate derivatives examples include cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), and vinylene carbonate (VC); dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethyl methyl carbonate
- carboxylic acid ester solvent examples include aliphatic carboxylic acid esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate, and ethyl propionate; and lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- phosphate ester examples include trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tripropyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, and the like.
- solvents that can be contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte include, for example, ethylene sulfite (ES), propane sultone (PS), butane sultone (BS), dioxathilane-2,2-dioxide (DD), and sulfolene.
- ES ethylene sulfite
- PS propane sultone
- BS butane sultone
- DD dioxathilane-2,2-dioxide
- sulfolene sulfolene
- LiPF 6 LiAsF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiN ( CF 3 SO 2) 2 normal lithium salt which can be used in lithium ion batteries or the like can be used.
- the supporting salt can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Non-aqueous solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the exterior body can be appropriately selected as long as it is stable to the electrolytic solution and has a sufficient water vapor barrier property.
- the exterior body may be comprised with a single member and may be comprised combining several members.
- the film outer package 10 may be composed of a first film 11 and a second film 12 disposed so as to face the first film 11.
- the outline shape of the film outer package 10 is not particularly limited, but may be a quadrangle, which is a rectangle in this example.
- Both the films 11 and 12 are heat-welded to each other around the battery element 20 and joined. Thereby, the peripheral part of the film exterior body 10 becomes the heat welding part 15.
- a positive electrode tab 21 and a negative electrode tab 25 are drawn from one side of the short side of the heat-welded portion 15.
- the tab may be pulled out from one side of the long side.
- the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 25 may be pulled out from different sides. As this example, a configuration in which the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 25 are drawn in opposite directions from the opposite sides can be given.
- Electrode tab 25 is basically described as “electrode tab 25”.
- the fusing part 25 b is a part formed with a smaller cross-sectional area than other parts of the electrode tab 25. Due to the small cross-sectional area, the current density of the part is locally increased, heat is generated in this part, and when the temperature exceeds the melting point of the material, it melts and blows.
- the specific shape of the fusing part 25b may be any.
- the slit 25a extending in the width direction of the electrode tab 25
- the remaining part of the electrode tab 25 is formed as a fusing part 25b.
- Such a fusing part 25b is advantageous in that it is easy to produce.
- the slit 25a is a long and narrow rectangle in this example, but as another aspect, the corner (the lower corner in the figure) on the slit tip side may be rounded. As a result, the stress concentration in the vicinity of the melted portion 25b is relaxed, and even when a force is applied to the electrode tab 25 for some reason, breakage or the like hardly occurs.
- the slit may have a wedge shape.
- the wedge-shaped tip may be a sharp corner or may have a rounded shape.
- only one slit is formed in the tab in FIG. 3, two slits (each extending from the end of the tab toward the center side) may be formed, and a portion remaining between the slits may be used as a fusing part. . It should be noted that further examples of the melted part and the slit will be described later with reference to another drawing.
- a reinforcing member 31 is provided in a portion of the electrode tab 25 including at least the fusing part 25b.
- the reinforcing member 31 is attached to the electrode tab 25 and serves to reinforce the mechanical strength of the tab.
- the fusing part 25b is a part having a smaller cross-sectional area than other parts of the electrode tab 25, and is easily broken or damaged when a force is applied to the tab for some reason.
- the reinforcing member 31 is provided as in the present embodiment, the electrode tab 25 is reinforced, and breakage and damage are prevented.
- the reinforcing member 31 is drawn abstractly, but more specifically, the configuration as shown in FIG. 4A may be used.
- the reinforcing member 33 is disposed on one surface of the electrode tab 25.
- the reinforcing member 33 is a plate-like member as an example.
- the reinforcing member 33 does not necessarily need to be a flat plate-like member, and may be, for example, a curved plate-like member or an uneven shape. However, a flat plate-shaped member is advantageous in that it is easy to manufacture and the manufacturing cost is low.
- the outline shape of the reinforcing member 33 is not limited, but may be a rectangle.
- the main surface of the reinforcing member 33 and the main surface of the electrode tab 25 may be in contact with each other, or may be configured to be close but not in contact. Another member may be interposed between the reinforcing member 35 and the electrode tab 25.
- the reinforcing member 33 is disposed so as to cover the notch 25a of the electrode tab 25 as shown in FIGS. 4A (a) and (b).
- a plurality of locking pieces 25e are formed on both sides of the electrode tab 25 in the width direction (vertical direction in the figure), and each locking piece 25e extends outward in the width direction of the tab. More specifically, a total of four locking pieces 25e are formed. As shown in FIG. 4A (b), the locking piece 25e is bent and locked to the peripheral edge of the reinforcing member 33, whereby the reinforcing member 33 is fixed.
- the reinforcing member 33 reinforces the electrode tab 25, it is preferable that the reinforcing member 33 has relatively high rigidity.
- a metal material, a resin material, a ceramic material, or a composite material thereof can be basically used. Those in which a film such as painting or plating is formed on these materials are also preferable.
- a material having high insulation, heat insulation, and heat resistance as the material of the reinforcing member.
- electrical insulation for example, those having a volume resistivity of 1 ⁇ 10 1 ( ⁇ ⁇ m) or more can be used.
- heat insulation for example, those having a thermal conductivity of 8 W ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ⁇ K ⁇ 1 or less can be used.
- heat resistance the temperature at which the material is deformed or altered, such as the melting point (softening point) and the thermal decomposition temperature, is 150 ° C. or higher (polyolefin such as PP, phenol resin, etc.), preferably 200 ° C.
- silicon resin cellulose, etc.
- those having a temperature of 250 ° C. or higher epoxy resin, fluorine resin, or the like
- 300 ° C. or higher polyimide class, inorganic materials such as glass
- the reinforcing member 33 When the reinforcing member 33 is made of, for example, a conductive material, a current flows through this member, so that the fusing part 25b does not serve as a fuse part. Therefore, the reinforcing member 33 itself may be a conductive material, but in that case, the reinforcing member 33 needs to be electrically insulated from the electrode tab 25.
- an insulating material having heat resistance may be used.
- ceramic may be used, and alumina, glass, aluminum nitride (AlN), zirconia, silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), or the like can be used.
- AlN aluminum nitride
- Si 3 N 4 silicon nitride
- it is also preferably a flame retardant resin, and a polyimide resin, an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, or the like can be used.
- a resin it is preferable that the resin is provided with flame retardance to such an extent that the resin does not melt even when the fusing part 25b is melted.
- the reinforcing member 33 is basically preferably a material having low thermal conductivity (heat insulating material). Thereby, the heat from the fusing part 25b does not escape to the outside, and fusing of this part occurs efficiently.
- a material having a relatively high thermal conductivity may be used as described below.
- the reinforcing member 33 is in contact with one surface of the electrode tab 25 (although it is not essential), the reinforcing member 33 can also function as a heat dissipation member of the electrode tab 25. Therefore, in order to ensure heat dissipation from the electrode tab 25, the reinforcing member 33 may be made of a material having a relatively high thermal conductivity. In this case, for example, a metal member may be subjected to ceramic coating, alumite treatment (anodizing treatment), heat resistant resin coating, or the like.
- the fusing part 25b 'and the reinforcing member 33 are not in contact with each other, in other words, a space is provided between the fusing part 25b' and the reinforcing member 33. It is good also as a structure.
- the fusing part 25b ′ of the electrode tab 25 is partially curved (see FIG. 4B (b)) and does not contact at the fusing part 25b ′, but on both sides, the electrode tab 25 and the reinforcing member 33 Are in contact with each other.
- the reinforcing member 33 is used as a heat radiating member and the heat of the fusing part 25b 'is not radiated through the reinforcing member 33, the function as the fusing part can be maintained well.
- the material of the reinforcing member 33 has been described above by taking the reinforcing member 33 as an example. However, these descriptions are not limited to the reinforcing member 33 in FIG. 4A, and other members that are described in FIG. Those skilled in the art will understand that the reinforcing members are also common.
- a material having such properties is not used between the tab and the reinforcing member, instead of using a member having high insulation, heat insulating and / or heat resistance as the reinforcing member.
- the connection between the tab and the reinforcing member may be performed by interposing.
- each recess 33a is formed at a position corresponding to each locking piece 25e, and is wider than the locking piece 25e.
- the fusing part 25b is a part that is melted at a high temperature, the fusing part 25b and the film outer casing are prevented so that the heat does not propagate through the electrode tab 25 and melt a part of the film outer casing 10. It is preferable that a predetermined distance or more is ensured between the distances 10 and 10 (more specifically, a distance La from the end of the heat-welded portion 15 between the films, see FIG. 3A).
- the distance La is preferably 5 mm or greater and 30 mm or less, and more preferably 10 mm or greater and 20 mm or less. If the distance La is too short, the influence of heat generation will reach the heat-welded portion of the film, and if it is too long, the battery size may be increased.
- the “predetermined distance” is, for example, a distance set so that the temperature of the electrode tab 25 in the heat welded portion 15 does not exceed the melting point of the material of the welded portion of the film outer package 10 when the melted portion 25b is melted. It is preferable that
- the electrode tab can be used even when an unexpected force is applied to the electrode tab 25. 25 (especially fusing part 25b) is prevented from being broken or damaged. Moreover, according to the configuration of the present embodiment in which a member (heat insulating material) is disposed in the vicinity of the fusing portion 25b, the fusing of the fusing portion 25b is efficiently performed as compared with a configuration without such a member. Can be done.
- the reinforcing member 33 may be fixed to the electrode tab 25 by a fixture 61 as shown in FIG. 4D.
- a fixture 61 As the fixture 61, a screw (bolt), a rivet, a clip, an eyelet, a fastener (fixing means), or the like can be used.
- the fixture 61 may be insulative. Moreover, it is also preferable that it is heat resistance and / or heat insulation. It is also possible to comprise the same material as the reinforcing member.
- through holes 25h and 35h are formed in the electrode tab 25 and the reinforcing member 33, bolts are inserted therein, and fixation is performed with nuts.
- the portions to be fixed by the fixing tool 61 are on both sides of the slit 25a of the electrode tab 25.
- two through holes 33h and 25h are formed on each of the right and left sides of the slit 25a. However, only one or three or more holes may be formed.
- the electrode tab 25 is sandwiched between the reinforcing member 33 and another reinforcing member (not shown) disposed on the other surface side with the electrode tab 25 interposed therebetween. May be.
- the first reinforcing member 33 and the second reinforcing member (not shown) are reinforced with the electrode tab interposed therebetween.
- any of the reinforcing members may be in close contact with the electrode tab 25, and a predetermined gap (e.g., between two reinforcing members by interposing a spacer (not shown) or the like, for example. (A dimension larger than the thickness of the electrode tab) may be formed.
- reinforcing member for example, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, a hollow member surrounding the electrode tab 25 may be used.
- the reinforcing member 35 is, for example, a flat hollow member having a rectangular cross section, and the electrode tab 25 is inserted into the internal space 35a.
- the fixation between the reinforcing member 35 and the electrode tab 25 may be performed using a fixture 61 such as a screw as shown in FIG. 4D.
- a fixture 61 such as a screw as shown in FIG. 4D.
- a through hole 35 h for passing a screw or the like is formed in the reinforcing member 35.
- the reinforcing member 35 may be configured as a single component, or may be configured by combining a plurality of components. For example, it may be composed of two parts, a part on the upper surface side and a part on the lower surface side. As the material of the reinforcing member 35 and / or the components constituting it, the same materials as those described for the reinforcing member 33 can be used.
- 5A and 5B are for fixing the reinforcing member 35 and the electrode tab using a fixture 61 such as a screw.
- a fixture 61 such as a screw.
- FIG. 25e may be fixed to a part of the reinforcing member 35 to be fixed.
- the slit 25a extending from the side edge of the electrode tab 25 is formed to provide the fusing part 25b.
- FIG. It is good also as a structure which the part which acted as the fusing part 25b.
- two or more fusing parts 25b may be formed by a combination of the opening 25a 'and the slit 25a (see FIG. 4A).
- the fusing part 25b is formed in the electrode tab 25 itself.
- the fusing part 75b is formed in another conductive material 75 connected to the electrode tab 25. Also good.
- the technical matter demonstrated above is applicable as it is, and the overlapping description is abbreviate
- a part of the electrode tab 25 is sealed inside the film outer package 10, and there is a restriction related to the material.
- a more suitable material can be selected for the fuse function.
- a material of the conductive material 75 for example, a material for a fuse may be used. Specifically, Al, Ag, Sn, Pb, Bi, Sb, In, Cd, Zn, an alloy thereof, or the like can be used.
- a conductive material 75 made of a different material is connected to the electrode tab 25, and a fusing part 75b is formed in a part of the conductive material 75 by forming a slit 75a as an example. Yes.
- a reinforcing member (not shown) is attached to a region including the fusing part 75b, and thereby the conductive material 75 is mechanically reinforced.
- all four through holes 75h are formed in the conductive material 75.
- a part of the through holes may be formed in the electrode tab 25. Good.
- the electrode tab 25 is divided into two parts at the base end side and the tip end side, and two narrow fuse members 76-1, 76-2 are connected between them.
- two narrow fuse members 76-1, 76-2 are connected between them.
- resistance welding, ultrasonic welding, laser welding, caulking, adhesion with a conductive adhesive, or the like can be employed.
- fuse members 76-1 and 76-2 are used, but only one of them may be used.
- the through hole for connecting the reinforcing member may be formed in both the conductive member and the electrode tab (refer to reference numeral 76h in the drawing).
- a fixture for example, a screw or eyelet
- a conductive member can be used as a fixture for example, a screw or eyelet.
- a battery manufacturing method includes the following steps: a step of preparing a battery element; a step of enclosing the battery element together with an electrolyte in an exterior body; and a part of an electrode tab A step of forming a fusing part that preferentially blows over other parts when a predetermined current flows; and a reinforcing member in a state of being separated from the exterior body in a portion including at least the fusing part of the electrode tab Step to install.
- a slit may be formed in the electrode tab by press working or the like.
- the slit may be formed at the same time in the step of cutting or punching the electrode tab from the base material, for example.
- the step of providing the reinforcing member may be performed after the electrode tab 25 is sandwiched between the heat welded portions 15 of the film outer package 10 or may be performed at other timing.
- the reinforcing member 33 is attached to the electrode tab 25 in advance to perform sub-assembly, and then a part of the sub-assembled electrode dub 25 is heat-welded by sandwiching the heat-welded portion 15 of the film outer package 10. Also good.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a power storage system using a secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the power storage system 1 is not limited in size, but includes a power supply unit 1A having at least one secondary battery (for example, a film-clad battery 50) and control for monitoring / controlling charging / discharging thereof. And a device 1B.
- a power storage system 1 may be, for example, a backup power source, and may be various types such as for large facilities, offices, and homes.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle using a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the electric vehicle 2 includes a power supply unit 2A having at least one secondary battery (for example, a film-clad battery 50), and a control device (not shown) that performs monitoring / control of charging / discharging thereof.
- a power supply unit 2A having at least one secondary battery (for example, a film-clad battery 50)
- a control device not shown
- the secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention can be used in, for example, all industrial fields that require a power source.
- it can be used as a power source for mobile devices such as mobile phones and laptop computers; it can be used as a power source for electric vehicles such as electric cars, hybrid cars, electric bikes, and electric assist bicycles; transport for transportation such as trains, satellites, and submarines
- electric vehicles such as electric cars, hybrid cars, electric bikes, and electric assist bicycles
- transport for transportation such as trains, satellites, and submarines
- It can be used as a power source for mediums; it can be used as a power storage system for storing electric power.
- the battery unit may be an assembled battery as described below.
- the power supply unit 1 ⁇ / b> A will be described, but it is needless to say that the power supply unit is not limited to the power storage system but may be a vehicle-mounted power supply unit.
- FIGS. 10A to 10D A first embodiment is shown in FIGS. 10A to 10D.
- the power supply unit 1A includes a plurality of battery packs 301.
- a plurality of battery packs 301 are connected in series, whereby the power supply unit 1A is configured to output predetermined power.
- one battery pack 301 includes a plurality of film-clad batteries 50 and a casing 310 that accommodates them.
- the housing 310 is not limited, but for example, a resin or metal hard case can be used.
- the film-clad battery 50 is assembled in a stacked state by stacking a plurality in the thickness direction.
- the drawing-out directions of the electrode tabs 21 and 25 of all the film-clad batteries 50 are the same direction.
- openings 21h and 25h are formed in part of the electrode tabs 21 and 25, respectively.
- terminal members 311 and 315 for taking out electric power are passed through the openings 21h and 25h.
- the terminal member 311 is a conductive material, and includes, as an example, an electrical connection portion 311b that is a portion that passes through the opening 21h, and a terminal portion 311a that is formed at the end thereof.
- the terminal member 315 has an electrical connection portion 315b and a terminal portion 315a.
- the electrical connection portions 311b and 315b may be formed in a rod shape as a whole and may have a screw portion formed on the outer periphery.
- the openings 21h and 25h of the electrode tabs 21 and 25 of each battery are arranged in a line in the stacking direction, and there are rod-shaped electrical connection portions. 311b and 315b are respectively passed. Accordingly, the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 25 are electrically connected to each other.
- the electrode tab and the terminal member are firmly brought into contact with each other by using another fixing tool (not shown) so that the electrode tab and the terminal member are in contact with each other more reliably (thus, more reliable electrical connection is achieved). It is also preferable to do so.
- the terminal members 311 and 315 are electrically connected to the electrode tabs and function as terminals for extracting power, but at the same time, the electrode tabs may be physically held and fixed. .
- the electrode tabs are electrically connected by passing through the terminal members 311 and 315, and in the case of a structure that is physically fixed, there is no need to separately provide members that play respective roles. There are advantages such as simplification and reduction of the number of parts.
- the terminal portions 311a and 315b of the terminal members 311 and 315 are positioned on the outer surface of the housing 310 in the assembled state.
- the terminal portion 311a is a positive electrode terminal
- the terminal portion 315a is a negative electrode terminal.
- the battery packs 301 adjacent to each other are sequentially electrically connected by connecting the wiring to the terminal portions 311a and 315a.
- stacked film-clad batteries 50 may be provided.
- a plurality of the battery packs 301 produced in this way are assembled to form an assembled battery, which is used as the power supply unit 1A.
- the arrangement of the battery pack 301 is one-stage flat in FIG. 10D, but may be configured to be stacked in two or more stages.
- the film-covered battery according to the embodiment of the present invention described above is used. Therefore, even when some force is applied, the battery tab is highly reliable, in which the electrode tab is hardly damaged or damaged.
- the drawing directions of all the film-clad battery 50 electrode tabs 21 and 25 are the same direction.
- the drawing direction of some film-clad battery 50 electrode tabs 21 and 25 and other A part of the film-clad battery 50 may have a different drawing direction from the electrode tabs 21 and 25 (in the opposite direction).
- FIGS. 11A to 11C A second mode is shown in FIGS. 11A to 11C.
- the power supply unit 1B includes a plurality of battery packs 302.
- the power supply unit of this aspect and the power supply part of the above aspect are different in (i) the arrangement position of the terminal part for electrical connection and the connection configuration of the terminal member and the electrode tab, and (ii) the battery pack.
- the configuration of the power supply unit is the same as that of the power supply unit of the above aspect except that the orientation of the arrangement is different. A duplicate description of common parts is omitted.
- the terminal portions 311a and 315a for electrical connection are located on the upper surface (maximum area surface) of the housing 310 as shown in FIG. 10B. It may be located on the side surface (which may be either the long side surface or the short side surface) (see FIGS. 11A and 11B).
- the terminal member 320 has a terminal part 320a for electrical connection and a plurality of electrical connection parts 320b extending therefrom.
- the terminal portion 320a is positioned on the side surface of the housing 310 with the terminal member 320 attached.
- the electrical connection portion 320b extends into the housing, and a part of the tip side is electrically connected to the electrode tabs 21 and 25 of the film-clad battery 50.
- the negative electrode tab 21 will be described as an example. As shown in FIG. 11B, the tip side of each electrode tab 21 of the stacked film-clad battery 50 is bent, and an opening 21h is formed in the bent portion. .
- the bent portion may be substantially parallel to the surface of the housing 310 to which the terminal member 320 is attached. With such a configuration, the opening portions 21h of the electrode tabs 21 are opened toward the terminal member 320 side in a lined state.
- the terminal member 320 has the number of connection portions 320 b corresponding to the number of electrode tabs 21.
- the electrical connection portion 320b may be, for example, a screw made of a conductive material, and the tip side thereof is fixed through the opening portion 21h of the electrode tab 21, so that the electrode tab 21 and the connection portion 320b are fixed. Electrical connection is made.
- other members may be used in combination to connect the two members.
- the connecting portion 320b is configured to play both roles of electrical connection and physical fixation. In this case, there is no need to separately provide members that play these roles, and there are advantages such as a simplified configuration and a reduced number of parts.
- the electrode tab 21 and the like have been described above as an example, but the configuration on the other electrode tab 25 side can be similarly configured.
- the battery packs 302 produced in this way are arranged so that the terminal members 320 are positioned on the upper side to form an assembled battery, and a power supply unit 1A (FIG. 11C) is obtained.
- the arrangement and arrangement of the battery packs 302 are not limited in any way, but in this example, a plurality of battery packs 302 arranged in two rows. Of course, it may be one row or three or more rows.
- a plurality of battery packs 302 are sequentially electrically connected by connecting the positive terminal portions 320a and the negative terminal portions 320a of adjacent battery packs using wiring.
- the reinforcing member (31) is a member (33) disposed on one surface of the electrode tab.
- the reinforcing member (31) is a hollow member (35) through which the electrode tab is passed.
- the mechanical connection is performed by locking a part of the electrode tab and a part of the reinforcing member.
- the mechanical connection is performed on both sides of the fusing part (25b).
- the reinforcing member is a heat insulating material.
- the reinforcing member is ceramic or flame retardant resin.
- the said exterior body is a film exterior body.
- the fusing part (25b) is separated from the welding part of the film outer package that sandwiches the electrode tab by a predetermined distance.
- An electric vehicle comprising a power supply unit (1A, 2A) having a plurality of the secondary batteries described above.
- An electrical storage system provided with the power supply part (1A, 2A) which has multiple said secondary batteries.
- a secondary battery (50) comprising: further, A fusing part (75b) which is formed in another conductive material (75) connected to the electrode tab and blows preferentially over other parts when a predetermined current flows; Reinforcing member (33) attached to the electrode tab and / or the other conductive member at a portion including at least the fusing portion, in a state of being separated from the exterior body,
- a secondary battery comprising: The “melting portion” may be provided on a member other than the tab as described above.
- Power storage system (power storage equipment) 1A, 1B Power supply unit 1B Control device 2 Electric vehicle 2A Power supply unit 10 Film exterior body 11, 12 Film 15 Thermal welded part 20 Battery element 21, 25 Electrode tab 25a Slit 25a 'Opening part 25b Fusing part 25e Locking piece 25h Through hole 31, 33, 35 Reinforcing member 33h Through hole 33a Recess 35a Internal space 35h Through hole 50 Film exterior battery 61 Fixture 75, 76-1, 76-2 Conductive member 75h, 76h Through hole 301, 302 Battery pack 310 Case 311 and 315 Terminal members 311a, 315a and 320a Terminal portions 311b, 311b and 320b Electrical connection portions
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
正極板および負極板が積層された電池要素と、
前記電池要素を電解液とともに収容する外装体と、
前記外装体から引き出された正極および負極の電極タブと、
を備える二次電池であって、
さらに、
前記電極タブの一部に形成され所定の電流が流れた場合に他の部位に優先して溶断する溶断部と、
前記電極タブのうち少なくとも前記溶断部を含む部分に、前記外装体から離れた状態で取り付けられた補強部材と、
を備える、二次電池。
「二次電池」には、ラミネートフィルムなどのフィルム外装体を用いるもの(フィルム外装電池)に加え、金属缶や樹脂ケースのような硬質の容器を外装体として用いるものも含まれる。電池の外形形状としては、扁平型(薄型)、角型、円筒型、コイン型、ボタン型等が挙げられる。
「フィルム外装電池」とは、電池要素を電解液とともにフィルム外装体に収容した電池のことをいい、一般的には、全体として偏平な形状をしている。例えば電動車両用の電池では、容量が大きいこと、内部抵抗が低いこと、放熱性が高いこと等が要求されるところ、フィルム外装電池はこれらの点で有利である。1つのフィルム外装電池を「電池セル」または単に「セル」を称することもある。
「フィルム外装体」とは、可撓性を有するフィルムで構成され電池要素を収容する外装体のことをいい、2枚のフィルムを対向配置して互いに溶着することにより電池要素を密閉するものであってもよいし、1枚のフィルムを折り返して対向した面どうしを溶着することにより電池要素を密閉するものであってもよい。
「外装体」に関し、単に外装体と言った場合には、可撓性を有しないもの(例えばハードケース)と、上記フィルム外装体のように可撓性を有するものとの両方を含む。
「溶断部」は、断面積が部分的に小さく形成された部位であってもよいし、または、他の部分よりも融点の低い材質で構成されることで他の部位よりも優先的に溶断する部位であってもよい。
フィルム外装電池の基本的な構成について、図1、図2を参照して説明する。なお、後述するように本実施形態においては電極タブに溶断部(ヒューズ部)が形成されるとともに補強部材が設けられているが、説明の都合上、図1、図2ではそれらの図示は省略している。
<セパレータ>
セパレータとしては、有機材料からなるウェブおよびシート、例えば、セルロースなどの織布、不織布、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン系、ポリイミド、多孔性ポリフッ化ビニリデン膜等の多孔性ポリマー膜、またはイオン伝導性ポリマー電解質膜等を用いることができる。これらは単独または組み合わせで使用することができる。
負極は、金属箔で形成される負極集電体と、負極集電体の両面に塗工された負極活物質とを有する。負極活物質は負極用結着材によって負極集電体を覆うように結着される。負極集電体は、負極端子と接続する延長部を有して形成され、この延長部には負極活物質は塗工されない。
正極は、金属箔で形成される正極集電体と、正極集電体の両面に塗工された正極活物質とを有する。正極活物質は正極用結着剤によって正極集電体を覆うように結着される。正極集電体は、正極端子と接続する延長部を有して形成され、この延長部には正極活物質は塗工されない。
(但し、0≦x<1、0<y≦1.2、MはCo、Al、Mn、Fe、Ti及びBからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素である。)
本実施形態で用いる電解液は、リチウム塩(支持塩)と、この支持塩を溶解する非水溶媒を含む非水電解液を用いることができる。
外装体としては、電解液に安定で、かつ十分な水蒸気バリア性を持つものであれば、適宜選択することができる。例えば、積層ラミネート型の二次電池の場合、外装体としては、アルミニウムと樹脂のラミネートフィルムを用いることが好ましい。外装体は、単一の部材で構成してもよいし、複数の部材を組み合わせて構成してもよい。
<溶断部>
本発明の一形態においては、図3に模式的に示すように、負極タブ25の一部に、所定の電流が流れた場合に高温となって他の部位に優先して破断する溶断部(ヒューズ部)25bが形成されている。なお、以下の説明では、溶断部25bが負極タブ25に形成された例について説明するが、正極タブ21に溶断部を設けてもよい。また、以下の説明では、基本的に、「負極タブ25」を「電極タブ25」を記載して説明する。
電極タブ25のうち少なくとも上記溶断部25bを含む部分には、補強部材31が設けられている。補強部材31は、電極タブ25に取り付けられてそのタブの機械的強度を補強する役割を果たす。溶断部25bは上記の通り電極タブ25の他の部位よりも断面積が小さく形成された部分であり、何らかの原因でタブに力が加わった際に破断または損傷しやすい。しかしながら、本実施形態のように補強部材31が設けられていることで電極タブ25が補強され、破断や損傷が防止される。図3では補強部材31を抽象的に描いているが、より具体的には、図4Aのような構成としてもよい。
図4Dに示すような固定具61により補強部材33が電極タブ25に固定されてもよい。固定具61としては、ネジ(ボルト)、リベット、クリップ、ハトメ、ファスナー(固定手段)等を利用することができる。固定具61は絶縁性のものであってもよい。また、耐熱性および/または断熱性のものであることも好ましい。補強部材と同様の材質で構成することも可能である。
補強部材としては、例えば図5A、図5Bに示すように、電極タブ25を取り囲むような中空の部材であってもよい。この補強部材35は、一例で、矩形断面の平たい中空部材であり、その内部空間35aに電極タブ25が挿通される。
上記実施形態では、電極タブ25の側縁部から延びるスリット25aを形成して溶断部25bを設けることを説明したが、図6に示すように、電極タブ25に開口部25a′を設け、残った部分が溶断部25bとして機能する構成としてもよい。この例では、2つの開口部25a′を形成しているが、1つの細長い開口部を形成するようにしてもよい。この構成によれば、電極タブの一部のみを残して溶断部とする場合と比較して、複数の溶断部となるので、不測の力が加わった場合でも、より破断や破損が生じにくい。
以上、フィルム外装電池を対象として本発明の幾つかの形態を説明したが、本発明は電池の製造方法として捉えることもできる。すなわち、本発明の一形態に係る電池の製造方法は次のステップを有する:電池要素を用意するステップと;電池要素を電解液とともに外装体の内部に封入するステップと;電極タブの一部に、所定の電流が流れた場合に他の部位に優先して溶断する溶断部を形成するステップと;電極タブのうち少なくとも前記溶断部を含む部分に、前記外装体から離れた状態で、補強部材取り付けるステップ。
図8は、本発明の一形態に係る二次電池を利用した蓄電システムの模式図である。蓄電システム1は、その規模の大小は何ら限定されるものではないが、少なくとも1つの二次電池(例えばフィルム外装電池50)を有する電源部1Aと、その充放電の監視・制御などを行う制御装置1Bとを備えている。このような蓄電システム1としては、例えばバックアップ電源であってもよく、大型施設用、事業所用、家庭用など種々のものとすることができる。
電源部としては、具体的には次に説明するような組電池であってもよい。なお、以下では「電源部1A」として説明するが、蓄電システム用に限らず車載用の電源部であってもよいことは言うまでもない。
図10A~図10Dに第1の態様を示す。図10Dに示すように、この電源部1Aは、複数の電池パック301を有している。この例では、複数の電池パック301が直列的に接続されることで、電源部1Aとして所定の電力を出力するように構成されている。
図11A~図11Cに第2の態様を示す。図11Cに示すように、この電源部1Bは、複数の電池パック302を有している。この態様の電源部と上記態様の電源部とでは、(i)電気的接続のための端子部の配置位置や、端子部材と電極タブとの接続構成が異なる点、および、(ii)電池パックの配置の向きが異なる点以外は、上記態様の電源部と共通の構成を有する。共通部分についての重複する説明は省略する。
本明細書は以下の発明を開示する:
1.電池要素(20)と、
上記電池要素(20)を電解液とともに収容する外装体(10)と、
上記外装体(10)から引き出された正極および負極の電極タブ(21、25)と、
を備える二次電池(50)であって、
さらに、
上記電極タブの一部に形成され所定の電流が流れた場合に他の部位に優先して溶断する溶断部(25b)と、
上記電極タブのうち少なくとも上記溶断部(25b)を含む部分に、上記外装体から離れた状態で、取り付けられた補強部材(31、33、35)と、
を備える、二次電池。
上記電池要素を電解液とともに外装体の内部に封入するステップと、
電極タブの一部に、所定の電流が流れた場合に他の部位に優先して溶断する溶断部を形成するステップと、
上記電極タブのうち少なくとも上記溶断部を含む部分に、上記外装体から離れた状態で補強部材を取り付けるステップと、
を備える、二次電池の製造方法。
上記電池要素(20)を電解液とともに収容する外装体(10)と、
上記外装体(10)から引き出された正極および負極の電極タブ(21、25)と、
を備える二次電池(50)であって、
さらに、
上記電極タブに接続された他の導電材(75)に形成され所定の電流が流れた場合に他の部位に優先して溶断する溶断部(75b)と、
上記電極タブおよび/または上記他の導電性部材のうち少なくとも上記溶断部を含む部分に、上記外装体から離れた状態で、取り付けられた補強部材(33)と、
を備える、二次電池。「溶断部」はこのようにタブ以外の部材に設けてもよい。
1A、1B 電源部
1B 制御装置
2 電動車両
2A 電源部
10 フィルム外装体
11、12 フィルム
15 熱溶着部
20 電池要素
21、25 電極タブ
25a スリット
25a′ 開口部
25b 溶断部
25e 係止片
25h 通し孔
31、33、35 補強部材
33h 通し孔
33a 凹部
35a 内部空間
35h 通し孔
50 フィルム外装電池
61 固定具
75、76-1、76-2 導電性部材
75h、76h 通し孔
301、302 電池パック
310 筐体
311、315 端子部材
311a、315a、320a 端子部
311b、311b、320b 電気的接続部
Claims (15)
- 電池要素と、
前記電池要素を電解液とともに収容する外装体と、
前記外装体から引き出された正極および負極の電極タブと、
を備える二次電池であって、
さらに、
前記電極タブの一部に形成され所定の電流が流れた場合に他の部位に優先して溶断する溶断部と、
前記電極タブのうち少なくとも前記溶断部を含む部分に、前記外装体から離れた状態で、取り付けられた補強部材と、
を備える、二次電池。 - 前記補強部材が、前記電極タブの一方の面に配置された部材である、請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- 前記補強部材が、前記電極タブが内部に通される中空部材である、請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- 前記補強部材と前記電極タブとが、機械的に連結されている、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記機械的な連結は、前記電極タブの一部と前記補強部材の一部とを係止させることによって行なわれる、請求項4に記載の二次電池。
- 前記機械的な連結が、固定具によって行なわれる、請求項4に記載の二次電池。
- 前記機械的な連結が、前記溶断部の両側で行なわれている、請求項4~6のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記補強部材が断熱材である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記補強部材が、セラミックまたは難燃樹脂である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記外装体がフィルム外装体である、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記溶断部が、前記電極タブを挟み込むフィルム外装体の溶着部から、所定の距離だけ離れている、請求項10に記載の二次電池。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池を複数有する電源部を備える、電動車両。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池を複数有する電源部を備える、蓄電システム。
- 電池要素を用意するステップと、
前記電池要素を電解液とともに外装体の内部に封入するステップと、
電極タブの一部に、所定の電流が流れた場合に他の部位に優先して溶断する溶断部を形成するステップと、
前記電極タブのうち少なくとも前記溶断部を含む部分に、前記外装体から離れた状態で補強部材を取り付けるステップと、
を備える、二次電池の製造方法。 - 電池要素と、
前記電池要素を電解液とともに収容する外装体と、
前記外装体から引き出された正極および負極の電極タブと、
を備える二次電池であって、
さらに、
前記電極タブに接続された他の導電材に形成され所定の電流が流れた場合に他の部位に優先して溶断する溶断部と、
前記電極タブおよび/または前記他の導電性部材のうち少なくとも前記溶断部を含む部分に、前記外装体から離れた状態で、取り付けられた補強部材と、
を備える、二次電池。
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JP6724785B2 (ja) | 2020-07-15 |
US20170317377A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
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