WO2016063838A1 - 二次電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
二次電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016063838A1 WO2016063838A1 PCT/JP2015/079458 JP2015079458W WO2016063838A1 WO 2016063838 A1 WO2016063838 A1 WO 2016063838A1 JP 2015079458 W JP2015079458 W JP 2015079458W WO 2016063838 A1 WO2016063838 A1 WO 2016063838A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/423—Polyamide resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery provided with a mechanism for cutting off an electrical connection with the outside when an abnormality such as overcharge occurs and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Batteries are said to be canned energy and it is important that they can be handled safely.
- a battery using a protection circuit such as a fuse that can detect battery abnormalities and cut off the electrical connection to the outside of the battery in order to ensure safety in the event of abnormalities such as overcharge or short circuit. Is controlling.
- a mechanism for interrupting electrical connection using an abnormal increase in internal pressure of the battery itself has been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a non-aqueous electrolyte has a redox shuttle agent capable of causing a reversible oxidation-reduction reaction at a higher potential than the positive electrode active material, and a gas when a predetermined battery voltage is exceeded.
- a secondary battery including a gas generating agent that can be generated is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 further describes that a viscosity modifier that can suppress a decrease in the viscosity of the nonaqueous electrolyte accompanying a temperature increase is included.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a separator having a pore size of about 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, such as cellulose, is used to achieve stable charge / discharge characteristics that do not cause a short circuit due to melting or shrinking of the separator due to heat.
- a separator having a pore size of about 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m such as cellulose
- the use of non-woven fabrics is disclosed.
- a low molecular gelling agent is contained in the electrolytic solution to improve the pore size unique to the nonwoven fabric and the unevenness of the pore size distribution.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-218934
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-066469
- an object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery that can achieve electrical connection with the outside with a simpler configuration when an abnormality such as overcharge occurs, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the secondary battery of the present invention includes a battery element including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte solution; An exterior body for sealing the battery element; Have The electrolytic solution contains a gel component and an organic solvent having a boiling point of 125 ° C. or less,
- the separator includes a fiber aggregate or a microporous structure made of one or more resins selected from aramid, polyimide, and polyphenylene sulfide, and has an average pore diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a secondary battery.
- the method for producing the secondary battery of the present invention includes: Preparing an electrolyte solution containing a gelling agent that gives the gel component and an organic solvent having a boiling point of 125 ° C.
- the electrolytic solution contains a gel component and an organic solvent having a boiling point of 125 ° C. or lower
- bubbles are generated in the electrolytic solution. Can block ion conduction between the electrodes.
- the function of the secondary battery can be stopped before the secondary battery reaches thermal runaway.
- the separator since the separator includes a fiber aggregate or a microporous structure made of one or more resins selected from aramid, polyimide, and polyphenylene sulfide, and the average pore diameter is 0.1 ⁇ m or more, the bubbles are voids of the separator. The separator gap is maintained even if it enters the battery and abnormal heat is generated in the secondary battery. As a result, ion conduction can be more effectively blocked.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is typical sectional drawing of the battery element shown in FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view of the secondary battery by one Embodiment of this invention with which the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal were pulled out in the same direction. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the electric vehicle provided with the battery of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the electrical storage equipment provided with the battery of this invention.
- the secondary battery of this embodiment includes a battery element 10, an exterior body that seals the battery element 10, and a positive electrode terminal 31 and a negative electrode terminal 32 that are electrically connected to the battery element 10 and extend to the outside of the exterior body.
- the exterior body is composed of flexible exterior materials 21 and 22, for example, a laminate film, and seals the battery element 10 by thermally welding the outer peripheral portion in a state of surrounding the battery element.
- the battery element 10 includes a positive electrode 11, a negative electrode 12, a separator 13, and an electrolytic solution.
- a plurality of negative electrodes 12 and a plurality of positive electrodes 11 are interposed between the separators 13. It has a configuration in which they are alternately arranged opposite to each other.
- the electrolytic solution is sealed in the exterior body together with the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13.
- the negative electrode 12 has an extension (also referred to as a tab) protruding from the separator 13.
- the extension portion is an end portion of the negative electrode current collector 12a included in the negative electrode 12 that is not covered with the positive electrode active material.
- the extension part of the positive electrode 11 and the extension part of the negative electrode 12 are formed at positions that do not interfere with each other when the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are laminated.
- the extensions of all the negative electrodes 12 are gathered together and connected to the negative terminal 32 by welding.
- the extensions of all the positive electrodes 11 are gathered together and connected to the positive electrode terminal 31 by welding.
- the positive electrode terminal 31 and the negative electrode terminal 32 are drawn out in directions opposite to each other, but the drawing direction of the positive electrode terminal 31 and the negative electrode terminal 32 may be arbitrary.
- the positive electrode terminal 31 and the negative electrode terminal 32 may be drawn from the same side of the battery element 10.
- the positive electrode terminal 31 and the negative electrode terminal 2 are adjacent to each other of the battery element 10.
- Each of the terminals 32 may be pulled out.
- the extension (tab) that is not covered with the active material of the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 is formed at a position corresponding to the position where the positive electrode terminal 31 and the negative electrode terminal 32 are drawn.
- the electrolytic solution contains a gel component and an organic solvent having a boiling point of 125 ° C. or lower (hereinafter also referred to as “low boiling point solvent”).
- the separator is characterized in that it includes a fiber assembly composed of a plurality of fibers made of one or more resins selected from aramid, polyimide, and polyphenylene sulfide, and has an average pore diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- the secondary battery of this embodiment when the secondary battery generates abnormal heat due to some trouble such as overcharge and / or short circuit, bubbles are generated in the electrolyte due to the action of the low boiling point solvent. This bubble blocks ion conduction between the electrodes. Thereby, the function of the secondary battery can be safely stopped before the secondary battery reaches thermal runaway. Since the positive electrode active material normally does not run out of heat at a temperature of 125 ° C. or lower, the kind of the low boiling point solvent and / or the content in the electrolyte is appropriately adjusted so that bubbles are generated at a temperature of 125 ° C. or lower. As a result, thermal runaway can be suppressed more effectively.
- the mechanism by which bubbles are generated in the electrolyte is as follows. Since the electrolytic solution contains a gel component, the electrolytic solution is in a gel form. In this state, when abnormal heat generation occurs in the secondary battery, the low boiling point solvent contained in the electrolytic solution volatilizes. Since the electrolytic solution is in a gel form, the volatilized gas is held in the gel-like electrolytic solution and stays between the electrodes as bubbles. Furthermore, since the average gap diameter of the separator is 0.1 ⁇ m or more, the volatilized gas also enters the gap of the separator. As a result, ion conduction can be efficiently blocked.
- a volatile electrolyte solution component causes high volatility.
- the insulation between the electrodes can be maintained until the low electrolyte component is discharged from between the electrodes. If no short circuit occurs in the secondary battery, the electrolyte does not burn and the secondary battery is in a safe state.
- a separator a negative electrode, a positive electrode, an electrolytic solution, and an outer package, which are main components of the secondary battery, will be described by taking a lithium ion secondary battery as an example.
- the separator in the present embodiment preferably has a temperature for heat melting or pyrolysis of 180 ° C. or higher, and an average pore diameter of the separator of 0.1 ⁇ m or higher.
- the material having a melting point or decomposition temperature of 180 ° C. or higher include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), aramid, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and the like as polymer materials.
- PET is preferable because it can be obtained at low cost.
- aramid, polyimide, and PPS are particularly preferable because they have a heat resistance of 300 ° C. or higher and have almost no heat shrinkage, so that a more stable battery can be suitably obtained.
- any structure can be adopted as long as the separator can be configured with a void giving high air permeability, such as a fiber aggregate such as a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric, and a microporous membrane.
- a separator made of woven fabric or non-woven fabric has a particularly high average void diameter and is preferable.
- Specific examples include fiber aggregates such as aramid fibers and polyimide fibers.
- the aramid polymer constituting the aramid fiber is a polymer in which two aromatic groups of one kind or two or more kinds are directly linked by an aramid bond.
- the aromatic group may be one in which two aromatic rings are bonded with an oxygen, sulfur or alkylene group.
- these divalent aromatic groups may include a lower alkyl group such as a methyl group or an ethyl group, a halogen group such as a methoxy group, or a chloro group.
- the aramid bond is not limited and may be either a para type or a meta type.
- Examples of the aramid fiber that can be preferably used in the present invention include polymetaphenylene isophthalamide fiber, polyparaphenylene terephthalamide fiber, and copolyparaphenylene 3,4'-oxydiphenylene terephthalamide fiber.
- the separator preferably has a certain thickness or more, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 15 ⁇ m, in order to satisfactorily hold bubbles generated in the electrolyte solution between the electrodes. That's it.
- the separator is preferably thin, for example, 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less.
- the average void diameter of the separator is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the average porosity is 0.1 ⁇ m or more, bubbles generated in the electrolytic solution between the electrodes can be favorably retained in the separator.
- the average gap diameter is preferably as small as 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 8 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the separator preferably has a maximum pore size of 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the void diameter of the separator can be determined by the bubble point method and the mean flow method described in STM-F-316. Further, the average void diameter can be obtained by measuring the void diameter at any five locations of the separator, and taking the average value of the measured values.
- the negative electrode has a negative electrode current collector formed of a metal foil and a negative electrode active material coated on both surfaces or one surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material is bound so as to cover the negative electrode current collector with a negative electrode binder.
- the negative electrode current collector is formed to have an extension connected to the negative electrode terminal, and the negative electrode active material is not applied to the extension.
- the negative electrode active material in the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
- a carbon material that can occlude and release lithium ions a metal that can be alloyed with lithium, a metal oxide that can occlude and release lithium ions, and the like. Is mentioned.
- Examples of the carbon material include carbon, amorphous carbon, diamond-like carbon, carbon nanotube, or a composite thereof.
- carbon with high crystallinity has high electrical conductivity, and is excellent in adhesiveness and voltage flatness with a negative electrode current collector made of a metal such as copper.
- amorphous carbon having low crystallinity has a relatively small volume expansion, it has a high effect of relaxing the volume expansion of the entire negative electrode, and deterioration due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects hardly occurs.
- a negative electrode containing a metal or metal oxide is preferable in that it can improve the energy density and increase the capacity per unit weight or unit volume of the battery.
- the metal examples include Al, Si, Pb, Sn, In, Bi, Ag, Ba, Ca, Hg, Pd, Pt, Te, Zn, La, and alloys of two or more thereof. Moreover, you may use these metals or alloys in mixture of 2 or more types. These metals or alloys may contain one or more non-metallic elements.
- the metal oxide examples include silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, lithium oxide, and composites thereof.
- tin oxide or silicon oxide is included as a negative electrode active material, and it is more preferable that silicon oxide is included. This is because silicon oxide is relatively stable and hardly causes a reaction with other compounds.
- one or more elements selected from nitrogen, boron and sulfur may be added to the metal oxide, for example, 0.1 to 5% by mass.
- the electrical conductivity of a metal oxide can be improved.
- the electrical conductivity can be similarly improved by coating a metal or metal oxide with a conductive material such as carbon by a method such as vapor deposition.
- the negative electrode active material can be used by mixing a plurality of materials without using a single material.
- the same kind of materials such as graphite and amorphous carbon may be mixed, or different kinds of materials such as graphite and silicon may be mixed.
- the binder for the negative electrode is not particularly limited.
- polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer Rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyacrylic acid, or the like can be used.
- the amount of the binder for the negative electrode used is 0.5 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material from the viewpoints of “sufficient binding force” and “high energy” which are in a trade-off relationship. Is preferred.
- the negative electrode current collector aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, chromium, copper, silver, and alloys thereof are preferable in view of electrochemical stability.
- the shape include foil, flat plate, and mesh.
- a conductive auxiliary material may be added to the coating layer containing the negative electrode active material for the purpose of reducing impedance.
- the conductive auxiliary material include flaky carbonaceous fine particles such as graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, and vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF (registered trademark) manufactured by Showa Denko).
- the positive electrode has a positive electrode current collector formed of a metal foil and a positive electrode active material coated on both surfaces or one surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material is bound so as to cover the positive electrode current collector with a positive electrode binder.
- the positive electrode current collector is formed to have an extension connected to the positive electrode terminal, and the positive electrode active material is not applied to the extension.
- the positive electrode active material in the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium, and can be selected from several viewpoints. From the viewpoint of increasing the energy density, it is preferable to include a high-capacity compound.
- the high-capacity compound include nickel-lithium oxide (LiNiO 2 ) or lithium-nickel composite oxide obtained by substituting a part of nickel in nickel-lithium oxide with another metal element.
- the layered structure represented by the following formula (A) Lithium nickel composite oxide is preferred.
- the Ni content is high, that is, in the formula (A), x is preferably less than 0.5, and more preferably 0.4 or less.
- x is preferably less than 0.5, and more preferably 0.4 or less.
- LiNi 0.8 Co 0.05 Mn 0.15 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2, LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Al can be preferably used 0.1 O 2 or the like.
- the Ni content does not exceed 0.5, that is, in the formula (A), x is 0.5 or more. It is also preferred that the number of specific transition metals does not exceed half.
- LiNi 0.4 Co 0.3 Mn 0.3 O 2 (abbreviated as NCM433), LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 (abbreviated as NCM523), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.3 Mn 0.2 O 2 (abbreviated as NCM532), etc. (however, the content of each transition metal in these compounds varies by about 10%) Can also be included).
- two or more compounds represented by the formula (A) may be used as a mixture.
- NCM532 or NCM523 and NCM433 range from 9: 1 to 1: 9 (typically 2 It is also preferable to use a mixture in 1).
- a material having a high Ni content (x is 0.4 or less) and a material having a Ni content not exceeding 0.5 (x is 0.5 or more, for example, NCM433) are mixed. As a result, a battery having a high capacity and high thermal stability can be formed.
- the positive electrode active material for example, LiMnO 2 , Li x Mn 2 O 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), Li 2 MnO 3 , Li x Mn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) Lithium manganate having a layered structure or spinel structure such as LiCoO 2 or a part of these transition metals replaced with another metal; Li in these lithium transition metal oxides more than the stoichiometric composition And those having an olivine structure such as LiFePO 4 .
- any of the positive electrode active materials described above can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- radical materials or the like can be used as the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode binder the same as the negative electrode binder can be used.
- the amount of the positive electrode binder to be used is preferably 2 to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material from the viewpoints of “sufficient binding force” and “high energy” which are in a trade-off relationship. .
- the positive electrode current collector for example, aluminum, nickel, silver, or an alloy thereof can be used.
- the shape of the positive electrode current collector include a foil, a flat plate, and a mesh.
- an aluminum foil can be suitably used.
- a conductive auxiliary material may be added to the positive electrode active material coating layer for the purpose of reducing impedance.
- the conductive auxiliary material include carbonaceous fine particles such as graphite, carbon black, and acetylene black.
- electrolytic solution used in the present embodiment a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a lithium salt (supporting salt) and a nonaqueous solvent that dissolves the supporting salt can be used.
- electrolyte solution contains a gel component and electrolyte solution is gelatinized by this gel component, and is made into the gel form.
- the gel component is given by crosslinking of the gelling agent added to the electrolytic solution, and thus it can be said that the electrolytic solution contains a crosslinked product of the gelling agent.
- the crosslinked body of a gelling agent is synonymous with a gel component.
- the supporting salts include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) Lithium salts that can be used for ordinary lithium ion batteries such as 2 can be used.
- the supporting salt can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an aprotic organic solvent such as carbonate ester (chain or cyclic carbonate), carboxylic acid ester (chain or cyclic carboxylic acid ester), and phosphate ester can be used.
- carbonate solvents examples include cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), and vinylene carbonate (VC); dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethyl methyl carbonate. (EMC), chain carbonates such as dipropyl carbonate (DPC); and propylene carbonate derivatives.
- PC propylene carbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- BC butylene carbonate
- VVC vinylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DPC dipropyl carbonate
- propylene carbonate derivatives examples include cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), and vinylene carbonate (VC); dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethyl methyl carbonate
- carboxylic acid ester solvent examples include aliphatic carboxylic acid esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate, and ethyl propionate; and lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- phosphate ester examples include trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tripropyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, and the like.
- solvents that can be contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte include, for example, ethylene sulfite (ES), propane sultone (PS), butane sultone (BS), dioxathilane-2,2-dioxide (DD), and sulfolene.
- ES ethylene sulfite
- PS propane sultone
- BS butane sultone
- DD dioxathilane-2,2-dioxide
- sulfolene sulfolene
- the nonaqueous solvent includes an organic solvent (low boiling point solvent) having a boiling point of 125 ° C. or lower.
- the content of the low boiling point solvent in the electrolytic solution is preferably 0.1% by weight or more.
- a low boiling-point solvent 1 or more types chosen from a carbonate, ether, an ester compound, and a phosphate ester compound can be included, for example.
- gas can be generated.
- examples thereof include dimethyl carbonate (boiling point: 90 ° C.), methyl ethyl carbonate (boiling point: 107 ° C.) and the like.
- the gas forming the insulating layer is preferably a nonflammable or flame retardant gas, a gas containing fluorine or phosphorus atoms is preferable.
- fluorinated carbonates such as methyl 2,2,2 trifluoroethyl carbonate (boiling point: 74 ° C.), fluorinated esters such as 2 fluoroethyl acetate (boiling point: 79 ° C.), tetrafluoroethyl tetrafluoropropyl ether ( Boiling point: 92 ° C.), fluorinated ethers such as decafluoropropyl ether (boiling point: 106 ° C.), and phosphoric esters.
- fluorinated carbonates such as methyl 2,2,2 trifluoroethyl carbonate (boiling point: 74 ° C.)
- fluorinated esters such as 2 fluoroethyl acetate (boiling point: 79 ° C.), tetrafluoroethyl tetrafluoropropyl ether ( Boiling point: 92 ° C
- the gelling agent that gives the gel component to the electrolytic solution for example, acrylic resin, fluoroethylene resin, or the like can be used alone or in combination.
- the gelling agent preferably contains an acrylic resin ester having a crosslinkable functional group.
- the amount of gelling agent added to the electrolytic solution is preferably 0.5% by weight or more.
- the gelling agent include monomers, oligomers, and copolymerized oligomers having two or more thermally polymerizable groups per molecule.
- monomers such as urethane acrylate and urethane methacrylate, copolymer oligomers thereof, copolymer oligomers with acrylonitrile, and the like can be given.
- a polymer that can be dissolved in a plasticizer such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene oxide, or polyacrylonitrile to be gelled can also be used.
- the gelling agent is not limited to the monomer, oligomer or polymer, and any gelling agent can be used as long as it can be gelled. Further, the gelation is not limited to one type of monomer, oligomer or polymer, and two to several types of gel components can be mixed and used as necessary. Furthermore, benzoins and peroxides can be used as thermal polymerization initiators as required. However, it is not limited to these.
- the gelling agent can include a methacrylic acid ester polymer represented by the following general formula (1).
- a methacrylic acid ester polymer represented by the following general formula (1).
- n satisfies 1800 ⁇ n ⁇ 3000
- m satisfies 350 ⁇ m ⁇ 600.
- the methacrylic acid ester polymer represented by the general formula (1) is obtained by radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and (3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methyl methacrylate.
- N representing the number of methyl methacrylate units satisfies 1800 ⁇ n ⁇ 3000
- m representing the number of (3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methyl methacrylate units satisfies 350 ⁇ m ⁇ 600.
- the methacrylic acid ester polymer represented by the general formula (1) may be a block copolymer or a random copolymer.
- N and m represent average values and may not be integers.
- a crosslinked product obtained by crosslinking the methacrylic acid ester polymer represented by the general formula (1) is an oxetanyl group possessed by the methacrylic acid ester polymer represented by the general formula (1).
- the cationic polymerization initiator generally known polymerization initiators can be used.
- the use of a small amount of an acidic substance obtained by hydrolyzing the lithium salt and the anion component of the lithium salt contained in the electrolytic solution is useful for the battery.
- the characteristic to give is small and preferable.
- the content of the lithium salt in the electrolytic solution is the same as the preferred concentration of the supporting salt in the electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution containing a gel component includes, for example, a step of dissolving a supporting salt in an aprotic solvent, a step of mixing a methacrylate polymer represented by the general formula (1) as a gelling agent in the aprotic solvent, and And a method having a step of cross-linking the methacrylic acid ester polymer represented by the general formula (1).
- the ratio of the gel component in the electrolytic solution is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and still more preferably 3% by mass or less.
- the electrolytic solution can contain silica particles.
- the silica particles preferably have a particle size of 0.01 ⁇ m or more, and the content in the electrolytic solution is preferably 0.1% by weight or more.
- Silica particles are physically mixed with the above gelling agent.
- the average particle size of the silica particles is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less for improving dispersibility in the electrolytic solution and good dispersion in the gaps of the separator. It is. If the average particle diameter of silica is 10 ⁇ m or less, it can be easily introduced into the battery while being uniformly dispersed in the electrolytic solution. Moreover, the dispersibility of the silica with respect to electrolyte solution can further be improved by chemically bonding with the surface hydroxyl group of silica and the functional group of the polymer. Such uniformly dispersed silica can improve the insulation of the electrolytic solution.
- the non-aqueous solvent component of the electrolyte solution volatilizes due to abnormal heat generation of the battery, and even if the thermal decomposition temperature of the gel component agent is reached, the electrolyte solution residue having silica and silica as the core remains between the electrodes. The insulation between them can be maintained.
- a chemical bond or hydrogen bond exists between the electrolyte and silica, so-called inorganic-organic hybrid polymer is formed, so that the heat resistance of the polymer itself is improved and the insulation state between the electrodes is maintained at a high temperature. be able to.
- the chemical bond between silica and polymer can be formed by a hydroxyl group on the silica surface and, for example, a carboxyl group, an epoxy group, or an oxetane group of the polymer.
- the electrolytic solution contains a gel component and a volatile component, and bubbles are generated between the electrodes when the battery is abnormally heated, and the generated bubbles can be stably held.
- the electrolytic solution further contains silica particles, bubbles can be more stably held between the electrodes, and the effect of blocking ionic conduction can be improved.
- the silica particles are not only chemically bonded to the gel component in the electrolyte solution but also hydrogen bonded, the heat resistance of the gel component is improved, so that the generated bubbles are also in a state of bubbles even in a high temperature environment. It can be held well.
- the content of silica particles in the electrolytic solution is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 10% by mass of the electrolytic solution.
- the content of silica particles in the electrolytic solution is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and further preferably 3% by mass or less.
- the content of silica particles in the electrolytic solution is preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and further preferably 0.5% by mass. That's it.
- silica not only silica, but an inorganic material having a melting point of 300 ° C. or higher, high insulation, and a hydroxyl group on the surface can be used in the same manner as silica.
- examples of this type of inorganic material include alumina, mica, mica, montmorillonite, zeolite, and clay mineral.
- the exterior body can be appropriately selected as long as it is stable to the electrolytic solution and has a sufficient water vapor barrier property.
- the exterior body may be comprised with a single member and may be comprised combining several members.
- a safety valve can be added to the exterior body so that it can be opened when an abnormality occurs to discharge the internal electrolyte to the outside of the secondary battery.
- a safety valve By providing a safety valve on the exterior body, bubbles are generated between the electrodes due to abnormal heat generation of the secondary battery, and the electrolyte solution removed from between the electrodes by the generated bubbles is discharged to the outside of the secondary battery through the safety valve along with the volatile components. Discharged.
- a known safety valve used as a safety valve of this type of secondary battery for example, an arbitrary safety valve such as a pressure detection type or a temperature detection type can be used.
- the pressure detection type is a mechanism typified by a burst valve, and is not particularly limited as long as the pressure detection type operates by an internal pressure increased by volatilization of the electrolyte.
- the temperature detection type is typified by a mechanism in which an internal volatile component is released to the outside of the battery by melting the laminate sheath or its joint sealing portion by heat, but is not limited thereto.
- the battery element of the present invention is not limited to the battery element of the above lithium ion secondary battery, and the present invention can be applied to any battery. However, since the problem of heat dissipation often becomes a problem in a battery with an increased capacity, the present invention is preferably applied to a battery with an increased capacity, particularly a lithium ion secondary battery.
- One embodiment of the method for producing a battery of the present invention includes a step of preparing an electrolytic solution containing a gelling agent and an organic solvent having a boiling point of 125 ° C. or less, A step of preparing a separator 13 including a fiber aggregate or a microporous structure made of one or more resins selected from aramid, polyimide, and polyphenylene sulfide, and having an average pore diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more; Preparing a positive electrode 11 and a negative electrode 12, Placing the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 facing each other with the separator 13 interposed therebetween; Enclosing the separator 13, the positive electrode 11, and the negative electrode 12 that are disposed opposite to each other together with the electrolytic solution in the exterior body; And gelling the gelling agent.
- the step of gelling the gelling agent can be performed after the step of enclosing the separator 13, the positive electrode 11, and the negative electrode 13 together with the electrolyte in the outer package.
- the step of gelling the gelling agent includes the step of gelling the electrolyte solution by crosslinking of the acrylic acid resin ester by heating. Can be included.
- Example 1 (Positive electrode) A layered lithium nickel composite oxide (LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 ), a carbon conductive agent, and polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder in a weight ratio of 92: 4: 4, N-methyl- A slurry was prepared by dispersing in 2-pyrrolidone (NMP), applied to a current collector foil made of aluminum, and dried to form a positive electrode active material layer. Similarly, after forming an active material layer on the back surface of the current collector foil made of aluminum, it was rolled to obtain a positive electrode plate.
- NMP 2-pyrrolidone
- Natural graphite, sodium carboxymethyl methylcellulose as a thickener, and styrene butadiene rubber as a binder are mixed in an aqueous solution at a weight ratio of 98: 1: 1 to prepare a slurry, which is applied to a copper current collector foil. And dried to form a negative electrode active material layer. Similarly, after forming an active material layer on the back surface of the current collector foil made of copper, a negative electrode plate was obtained by rolling.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- the boiling point of EC is 238 ° C.
- the boiling point of DEC is 127 ° C.
- the boiling point of EMC is 108 ° C.
- As a gelling agent 1% by mass of a methacrylic acid ester polymer represented by the general formula (1) was added. LiPF 6 was dissolved as a supporting salt to a concentration of 1M. At this stage, the electrolytic solution is not gelled and is liquid.
- the positive electrode plate was cut to 90 mm ⁇ 100 mm as a dimension excluding the current extraction part, and the negative electrode plate was cut to 94 mm ⁇ 104 mm as a dimension excluding the current extraction part, and laminated via a separator.
- the capacity of the battery was 10 Ah.
- the electrode laminate in which the electrode and the separator were laminated was connected to the electrode tab and housed in an exterior body made of a laminate film of an aluminum film and a resin film.
- the electrode laminate was accommodated in the outer package by thermally fusing the laminate film on the outer periphery of the electrode laminate.
- the laminate film was heat-sealed over the entire circumference of the electrode laminate, leaving a portion that became an opening for injecting the electrolyte.
- the location which narrowed the sealing width to 2 mm was provided in the other side of the electrode tab, and this was made into the gas discharge
- an electrolytic solution was injected through the opening into the exterior body in which the electrode laminate was housed. After injecting the electrolytic solution, the outer package was sealed under a reduced pressure atmosphere. Thereafter, the exterior body was heated in a thermostat at 50 ° C. for 8 hours to gel the electrolyte, and a battery was produced.
- the ultrasonic transmittance was measured.
- the measurement of ultrasonic transmission was performed as follows using an airborne ultrasonic system (NAUT: Japan Probe). First, the battery was placed horizontally between the transmission probe and the reception probe, and the ultrasonic wave transmittance distribution of the battery was scanned. In the part where bubbles exist in the battery, the transmission intensity is extremely lowered because the ultrasonic waves are reflected and scattered.
- the projected area was measured assuming that the part where the ultrasonic wave did not pass was a part where bubbles were present, and the ratio of the projected area of the part where bubbles were present to the projected area of the battery was used as an index indicating the impregnation property of the electrolyte. It can be said that the smaller the ratio, the higher the impregnation property.
- the overcharge test was conducted at 10A.
- the battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. at a battery voltage of about 5.5 V, and then the voltage suddenly increased to 12 V or higher, but there was no battery rupture or smoke generation.
- Example 2 A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.05% by mass of silica was added to the electrolytic solution. The overcharge test was conducted at 10A. The battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. at a battery voltage of about 5.0 V, and then the voltage suddenly increased to 12 V or more, but there was no battery rupture or smoke generation.
- Example 3 A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that porous (wet microporous) aramid was used as the separator.
- the average pore diameter of the aramid used was 0.1 ⁇ m
- the thermal decomposition temperature exceeded 400 ° C. or more as in Example 1, and the shrinkage ratio of the separator at 200 ° C. was less than 0.2%.
- the overcharge test was conducted at 10A.
- the battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. at a battery voltage of about 5.5 V, and then the voltage suddenly increased to 12 V or higher, but there was no battery rupture or smoke generation.
- Example 4 A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that 0.05% by mass of silica was added to the electrolytic solution. The overcharge test was conducted at 10A. The battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. at a battery voltage of about 5.0 V, and then the voltage suddenly increased to 12 V or more, but there was no battery rupture or smoke generation.
- Example 5 A battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that porous (wet microporous) polyimide was used as the separator.
- the average pore diameter of the porous polyimide used was 0.3 ⁇ m, the thermal decomposition temperature exceeded 500 ° C. or more, and the shrinkage ratio of the separator at 200 ° C. was less than 0.2%.
- the overcharge test was conducted at 10A. The battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. at a battery voltage of about 5.5 V, and then the voltage suddenly increased to 12 V or higher, but the battery did not rupture or smoke.
- Example 6 A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that 0.05% by mass of silica was added to the electrolytic solution. The overcharge test was conducted at 10A. The battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. at a battery voltage of about 5.0 V, and then the voltage suddenly increased to 12 V or higher, but the battery did not rupture or smoke.
- Example 7 A battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that porous (wet microporous) polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) was used as the separator.
- PPS porous polyphenylene sulfide
- the average pore diameter of the PPS used was 0.5 ⁇ m, the melting point exceeded 280 ° C. or more, and the shrinkage ratio of the separator at 200 ° C. was less than 3%.
- the overcharge test was conducted at 10A. The battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. at a battery voltage of about 5.5 V, and then the voltage suddenly increased to 12 V or higher, but the battery did not rupture or smoke.
- Example 8 A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 7 except that 0.05% by mass of silica was added to the electrolytic solution. The overcharge test was conducted at 10A. The battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. at a battery voltage of about 5.0 V, and then the voltage suddenly increased to 12 V or higher, but the battery did not rupture or smoke.
- Example 9 A battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the positive electrode active material was a layered lithium nickel composite oxide (LiNi 0.80 Mn 0.15 Co 0.05 O 2 : NMC). The overcharge test was conducted at 10A. The battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. at a battery voltage of about 5.6 V, and then the voltage suddenly increased to 12 V or higher, but the battery did not rupture or smoked.
- the positive electrode active material was a layered lithium nickel composite oxide (LiNi 0.80 Mn 0.15 Co 0.05 O 2 : NMC).
- the overcharge test was conducted at 10A.
- the battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. at a battery voltage of about 5.6 V, and then the voltage suddenly increased to 12 V or higher, but the battery did not rupture or smoked.
- Example 10 A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that 0.05% by mass of silica was added to the electrolytic solution. The overcharge test was conducted at 10A. The battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. at a battery voltage of about 5.1 V, and then the voltage suddenly increased to 12 V or more, but there was no battery rupture or smoke generation.
- Example 11 A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the gelling agent added to the electrolytic solution was 0.5% by mass. The overcharge test was conducted at 10A. The battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. at a battery voltage of about 5.6 V, and then the voltage suddenly increased to 12 V or higher, but the battery did not rupture or smoked.
- Example 12 A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the gelling agent added to the electrolytic solution was 3.0% by mass. The overcharge test was conducted at 10A. The battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. at a battery voltage of about 5.3 V, and then the voltage suddenly increased to 12 V or more, but the battery did not rupture or smoked.
- Example 13 A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the gelling agent added to the electrolytic solution was 5.0% by mass. The overcharge test was conducted at 10A. The battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. at a battery voltage of about 5.1 V, and then the voltage suddenly increased to 12 V or more, but there was no battery rupture or smoke generation.
- Example 1 A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gelling agent was not added to the electrolytic solution.
- the battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. when the battery voltage was about 6 V, and the gas release mechanism was opened.
- the voltage of the battery continued to rise, rising to over 12V.
- the battery surface temperature started to decrease after reaching about 140 ° C., and there was no battery rupture or smoke generation.
- ⁇ Comparative example 2> A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the gelling agent was not added to the electrolytic solution. In the overcharge test, the battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. when the battery voltage was about 6 V, and the gas release mechanism was opened. As charging continued, the voltage of the battery continued to rise, rising to over 12V. The battery surface temperature started to decrease after reaching about 140 ° C., and there was no battery rupture or smoke generation.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 3> A battery was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that a polypropylene nonwoven fabric was used as the separator. The average porosity of this polypropylene was 1 ⁇ m.
- the battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. when the battery voltage was about 6 V, and the gas release mechanism was opened. As charging continued, the voltage of the battery continued to rise, rising to over 12V. The battery surface temperature started to decrease after reaching about 130 ° C., and the battery smoked.
- Example 4 A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that microporous polypropylene was used as the separator. The average porosity of this polypropylene was 0.01 ⁇ m.
- the voltage and surface temperature of the battery continued to rise from 6.5 V, and when the battery surface temperature reached about 120 ° C., the film outer body ruptured with sound and liquid splashes were generated. Scattered.
- the film outer package was broken at a place where the sealing part was not related to the gas release valve mechanism.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 5> A battery was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that microporous polypropylene was used as the separator. In the overcharge test, the voltage and surface temperature of the battery continued to rise from 6.5 V, and when the battery surface temperature reached about 120 ° C., the film outer body ruptured with sound and liquid splashes were generated. Scattered. In the battery after the test, the film outer package was broken at a location where the sealing portion was not related to the gas release valve mechanism.
- Example 6 A battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a nonaqueous solvent in which EC and DEC were mixed at a volume ratio of 30:70 was used as the nonaqueous solvent for the electrolytic solution.
- the overcharge test was conducted at 10A. The battery surface temperature reached 95 ° C. when the battery voltage was about 6.0 V. When charging was continued, the battery voltage continued to rise, and after rising to 12 V or higher, smoke was emitted.
- Example 7 A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the gelling agent was not added to the electrolytic solution.
- the overcharge test was conducted at 10A. When the battery voltage was about 6.1 V, the surface temperature of the battery reached 95 ° C., and the gas release mechanism was opened. As charging continued, the voltage of the battery continued to rise, rising to over 12V. The battery surface temperature reached about 140 ° C., and thereafter began to decrease, and there was no battery rupture or smoke generation.
- Table 1 shows the results of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the impregnation property of the electrolytic solution is evaluated by the ratio of bubbles in the projected area of the electrode, 1% or less is “ ⁇ ” (good), 1% to less than 5% is “ ⁇ ” (slightly good), 5% or more. “X” (not good).
- the battery according to the present invention can be used in, for example, all industrial fields that require a power source and industrial fields related to transportation, storage, and supply of electrical energy.
- power supplies for mobile devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers
- power supplies for transportation and transportation media such as trains, satellites, and submarines, including electric vehicles such as electric cars, hybrid cars, electric bikes, and electric assist bicycles
- a backup power source such as a UPS
- a power storage facility for storing power generated by solar power generation, wind power generation, etc .
- power storage facility for storing power generated by solar power generation, wind power generation, etc .
- FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show an electric vehicle 200 and a power storage facility 300, respectively, as examples of the various devices and power storage facilities described above.
- Electric vehicle 200 and power storage facility 300 have assembled batteries 210 and 310, respectively.
- the assembled batteries 210 and 310 are configured such that a plurality of the above-described batteries 1 are connected in series and in parallel to satisfy required capacity and voltage.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献2:特開2012-064569号公報
前記電池要素を封止する外装体と、
を有し、
前記電解液は、ゲル成分および沸点が125℃以下の有機溶媒を含有し、
前記セパレータは、アラミド、ポリイミドおよびポリフェニレンスルフィドから選ばれる1種以上の樹脂からなる繊維集合体もしくは微多孔構造を含み、かつ、平均空隙径が0.1μm以上である。
前記ゲル成分を与えるゲル化剤および沸点が125℃以下の有機溶媒を含有する電解液を用意する工程と、
アラミド、ポリイミドおよびポリフェニレンスルフィドから選ばれる1種以上の樹脂からなる繊維集合体もしくは微多孔構造を含み、かつ、平均空隙径が0.1μm以上であるセパレータを用意する工程と、
正極および負極を用意する工程と、
前記セパレータを間に挟んで前記正極と前記負極とを対向配置する工程と、
対向配置された前記セパレータ、前記正極および前記負極を、前記電解液とともに前記外装体に封入する工程と、
前記ゲル化剤をゲル化する工程と、を含む。
本実施形態におけるセパレータは、熱溶融あるいは熱分解する温度が180℃以上で、セパレータの平均空隙径は0.1μm以上であることが好ましい。融点または分解温度が180℃以上の材料としては、高分子材料では、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、アラミド、ポリイミド、ポリフェニレンサルファイド(PPS)などがある。PETは、安価に入手することが出来るため好ましい。これらの中でも、アラミド、ポリイミドやPPSは、耐熱性が300℃以上あり、熱収縮もほとんどないため、より安定な電池を好適に得ることができるため特に好ましい。
負極は、金属箔で形成される負極集電体と、負極集電体の両面または片面に塗工された負極活物質とを有する。負極活物質は負極用結着材によって負極集電体を覆うように結着される。負極集電体は、負極端子と接続する延長部を有して形成され、この延長部には負極活物質は塗工されない。
正極は、金属箔で形成される正極集電体と、正極集電体の両面または片面に塗工された正極活物質とを有する。正極活物質は正極用結着剤によって正極集電体を覆うように結着される。正極集電体は、正極端子と接続する延長部を有して形成され、この延長部には正極活物質は塗工されない。
(但し、0≦x<1、0<y≦1.2、MはCo、Al、Mn、Fe、Ti及びBからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素である。)
本実施形態で用いる電解液は、リチウム塩(支持塩)と、この支持塩を溶解する非水溶媒とを含む非水電解液を用いることができる。さらに本発明においては、電解液はゲル成分を含有し、このゲル成分によって電解液がゲル化されてゲル状とされている。ゲル成分は、電解液に添加されたゲル化剤が架橋することによって与えられ、よって、電解液は、ゲル化剤の架橋体を含有しているということができる。ゲル化剤の架橋体は、ゲル成分と同義である。ゲル化された電解液の組成を分析することにより、電解液に添加されたゲル化剤を特定することができる。また、電解液中のゲル成分の含有量は、添加したゲル化剤の量に実質的に等しいと考えてよい。電解液に含まれるゲル成分およびその含有量は、電池が充放電を経た後でも実質的に変化しない。
外装体としては、電解液に安定で、かつ十分な水蒸気バリア性を持つものであれば、適宜選択することができる。例えば、積層ラミネート型の二次電池の場合、外装体としては、アルミニウムと樹脂のラミネートフィルムを用いることが好ましい。外装体は、単一の部材で構成してもよいし、複数の部材を組み合わせて構成してもよい。
アラミド、ポリイミドおよびポリフェニレンスルフィドから選ばれる1種以上の樹脂からなる繊維集合体もしくは微多孔構造を含み、かつ、平均空隙径が0.1μm以上であるセパレータ13を用意する工程と、
正極11および負極12を用意する工程と、
前記セパレータ13を間に挟んで前記正極11と前記負極12とを対向配置する工程と、
対向配置された前記セパレータ13、前記正極11および前記負極12を、前記電解液とともに前記外装体に封入する工程と、
前記ゲル化剤をゲル化する工程と、を含む。
(正極)
層状リチウムニッケル複合酸化物(LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2)と、炭素導電剤と、結着材としてポリフッ化ビニリデンとを重量比92:4:4でN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)に分散させてスラリーを作製し、アルミニウムによる集電箔に塗布、乾燥して正極活物質層を形成した。同様にしてアルミニウムによる集電箔の裏面にも活物質層を形成したあと、圧延して正極電極板を得た。
天然黒鉛と、増粘剤のカルボキシメチルメチルセルロースナトリウムと、結着材のスチレンブタジエンゴムとを、重量比98:1:1で水溶液中に混合してスラリーを作製し、銅による集電箔に塗布、乾燥して負極活物質層を形成した。同様にして、銅による集電箔の裏面にも活物質層を形成したあと、圧延して負極電極板を得た。
厚さ20μmのアラミド不織布をセパレータとして用いた。このアラミド不織布の平均空隙径は、1μmである。用いたアラミドの熱分解温度は400℃以上を超え、セパレータの200℃での収縮率は1%未満であった。
電解液の非水溶媒には、EC(エチレンカーボネート)、DEC(ジエチルカーボネート)、EMC(エチルメチルカーボネート)を、体積比30:50:20で混合した非水溶媒を用いた。ECの沸点は238℃、DECの沸点は、127℃、EMCの沸点は、108℃である。ゲル化剤として、一般式(1)で示されるメタクリル酸エステル重合物を1質量%加えた。支持塩として、1Mの濃度になるようにLiPF6を溶解した。この段階では、電解液はゲル化されておらず液状である。
正極電極板を、電流取り出し部を除いた寸法として90mm×100mmに切断し、負極電極板を、電流取り出し部を除いた寸法として94mm×104mmに切断して、セパレータを介して積層した。電池の容量は10Ahとした。
作製した電池の電解液含浸性を評価する目的で、超音波透過度を測定した。超音波透過度の測定は、空中超音波システム(NAUT:ジャパンプローブ社)を用い、次のようにして行った。まず、電池を送信プローブと受信プローブの間に水平に静置し、電池の超音波の透過度分布を走査した。電池内の気泡が存在する部分は、超音波が反射や散乱を起こすため透過強度が極端に低下する。次いで、超音波が透過しない部分を気泡の存在する部分としてその投影面積を計測し、電池の投影面積における気泡の存在する部分の投影面積の割合を電解液の含浸性を示す指標とした。この割合が小さいほど、含浸性が高いということができる。
電池の積層体部分を平板な押さえ板で、電池の厚みに合わせて定寸で固定した。試験前には、押さえ板による積層体に対する圧力は加わっていない。
電解液にシリカを0.05質量%加えた以外は、実施例1と同様に電池を作製した。過充電試験は、10Aで行った。電池の電圧約5.0Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、その後急激に電圧が12V以上にまで上昇したが、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。
セパレータとして多孔質(湿式微多孔)アラミドを用いたこと以外実施例1と同様に電池を作製した。用いたアラミドの平均空隙径は0.1μmで、熱分解温度は実施例1と同様に400℃以上を超え、セパレータの200℃での収縮率は0.2%未満であった。過充電試験は、10Aで行った。電池の電圧約5.5Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、その後急激に電圧が12V以上にまで上昇したが、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。
電解液にシリカを0.05質量%加えた以外は、実施例3と同様に電池を作製した。過充電試験は、10Aで行った。電池の電圧約5.0Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、その後急激に電圧が12V以上にまで上昇したが、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。
セパレータとして多孔質(湿式微多孔)ポリイミドを用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様に電池を作製した。用いた多孔質ポリイミドの平均空隙径は0.3μm、熱分解温度は500℃以上を超え、また、セパレータの200℃での収縮率は0.2%未満であった。過充電試験は10Aで行った。電池の電圧約5.5Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、その後急激に電圧が12V以上にまで上昇したが、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。
電解液にシリカを0.05質量%加えた以外は、実施例5と同様に電池を作製した。過充電試験は、10Aで行った。電池の電圧約5.0Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、その後急激に電圧が12V以上にまで上昇したが、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。
セパレータとして多孔質(湿式微多孔)ポリフェニレンスルフィド(PPS)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様に電池を作製した。用いたPPSの平均空隙径は0.5μm、融点は280℃以上を超え、また、セパレータの200℃での収縮率は3%未満であった。過充電試験は10Aで行った。電池の電圧約5.5Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、その後急激に電圧が12V以上にまで上昇したが、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。
電解液にシリカを0.05質量%加えた以外は、実施例7と同様に電池を作製した。過充電試験は、10Aで行った。電池の電圧約5.0Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、その後急激に電圧が12V以上にまで上昇したが、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。
正極活物質を層状リチウムニッケル複合酸化物(LiNi0.80Mn0.15Co0.05O2:NMC)としたこと以外は実施例3と同様に電池を作製した。過充電試験は、10Aで行った。電池の電圧約5.6Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、その後急激に電圧が12V以上にまで上昇したが、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。
電解液にシリカを0.05質量%加えた以外は、実施例9と同様に電池を作製した。過充電試験は、10Aで行った。電池の電圧約5.1Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、その後急激に電圧が12V以上にまで上昇したが、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。
電解液へのゲル化剤の添加量を0.5質量%としたこと以外は実施例1と同様に電池を作製した。過充電試験は、10Aで行った。電池の電圧約5.6Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、その後急激に電圧が12V以上にまで上昇したが、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。
電解液へのゲル化剤の添加量を3.0質量%としたこと以外は実施例1と同様に電池を作製した。過充電試験は、10Aで行った。電池の電圧約5.3Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、その後急激に電圧が12V以上にまで上昇したが、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。
電解液へのゲル化剤の添加量を5.0質量%としたこと以外は実施例1と同様に電池を作製した。過充電試験は、10Aで行った。電池の電圧約5.1Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、その後急激に電圧が12V以上にまで上昇したが、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。
電解液に、ゲル化剤を添加しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様に電池を作製した。過充電試験では、電池の電圧約6Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、ガス放出機構が開口した。充電を続けると電池の電圧は上昇を続け、12V以上にまで上昇した。電池表面温度は約140℃に到達したあと低下を始め、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。
電解液に、ゲル化剤を添加しなかった以外は、実施例2と同様に電池を作製した。過充電試験では、電池の電圧約6Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、ガス放出機構が開口した。充電を続けると電池の電圧は上昇を続け、12V以上にまで上昇した。電池表面温度は約140℃に到達したあと低下を始め、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。
セパレータとしてポリプロピレンの不織布を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に電池を作製した。このポリプロピレンの平均空隙率は1μmであった。過充電試験では、電池の電圧約6Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、ガス放出機構が開口した。充電を続けると電池の電圧は上昇を続け、12V以上にまで上昇した。電池表面温度は約130℃に到達したあと低下を始め、電池が発煙した。
セパレータとして微多孔ポリプロピレンを用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に電池を作製した。このポリプロピレンの平均空隙率は0.01μmであった。過充電試験では、電池の電圧6.5Vから電圧および表面温度は上昇を続け、電池表面温度が約120℃に達したときに、フィルム外装体が音をたてて破裂して液体の飛沫が飛散した。試験後の電池は、フィルム外装体が封止部がガス放出弁機構とは関係ない個所で破壊されていた
セパレータとして微多孔ポリプロピレンを用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に電池を作製した。過充電試験では、電池の電圧6.5Vから電圧および表面温度は上昇を続け、電池表面温度が約120℃に達したときに、フィルム外装体が音をたてて破裂して液体の飛沫が飛散した。試験後の電池は、フィルム外装体が封止部がガス放出弁機構とは関係ない個所で破壊されていた。
電解液の非水溶媒として、EC、DECを、体積比で30:70で混合した非水溶媒を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に電池を作製した。過充電試験は、10Aで行った。電池の電圧約6.0Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、充電を続けると電池の電圧は上昇を続け、12V以上にまで上昇したのち、発煙した。
電解液に、ゲル化剤を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例9と同様に電池を作製した。過充電試験は、10Aで行った。電池の電圧約6.1Vで電池の表面温度が95℃に到達し、ガス放出機構が開口した。充電を続けると電池の電圧は上昇を続け、12V以上にまで上昇した。電池表面温度は約140℃に到達し、その後、低下を始め、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。
10 電池要素
11 正極
11a 正極集電体
12 負極
12a 負極集電体
13 セパレータ
21、22 外装材
31 正極端子
32 負極端子
200 電気自動車
210、310 組電池
300 蓄電設備
Claims (11)
- 正極、負極、セパレータおよび電解液を含む電池要素と、
前記電池要素を封止する外装体と、
を有し、
前記電解液は、ゲル成分および沸点が125℃以下の有機溶媒を含有し、
前記セパレータは、アラミド、ポリイミドおよびポリフェニレンスルフィドから選ばれる1種以上の樹脂からなる繊維集合体もしくは微多孔構造を含み、かつ、平均空隙径が0.1μm以上である二次電池。 - 前記電解液中の前記有機溶媒の含有量は0.1重量%以上含まれる請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- 前記有機溶媒は、カーボネート、エーテル、エステル化合物およびリン酸エステル化合物から選ばれる1種以上を含む請求項2に記載の二次電池。
- 前記ゲル成分を与えるゲル化剤は、アクリル樹脂および/またはフッ素エチレン樹脂である請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記ゲル成分を与えるゲル化剤は、架橋可能な官能基を有するアクリル樹脂エステルを含む請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記セパレータは不織布である請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記電解液は、シリカ粒子をさらに含有する請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の電池を有する電動車両。
- 請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の電池を有する蓄電設備。
- ゲル化剤および沸点が125℃以下の有機溶媒を含有する電解液を用意する工程と、
アラミド、ポリイミドおよびポリフェニレンスルフィドから選ばれる1種以上の樹脂からなる繊維集合体もしくは微多孔構造を含み、かつ、平均空隙径が0.1μm以上であるセパレータを用意する工程と、
正極および負極を用意する工程と、
前記セパレータを間に挟んで前記正極と前記負極とを対向配置する工程と、
対向配置された前記セパレータ、前記正極および前記負極を、前記電解液とともに前記外装体に封入する工程と、
前記ゲル化剤をゲル化する工程と、を含む二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記ゲル化剤は、架橋可能な官能基を有するアクリル樹脂エステルを含み、
前記セパレータ、前記正極および前記負極を、前記電解液とともに前記外装体に封入する工程の後に、前記ゲル化剤をゲル化する工程を行い、前記ゲル化剤をゲル化する工程は、加熱による前記アクリル酸樹脂エステルを架橋によって前記電解液をゲル化する工程を含む、請求項10に記載の二次電池の製造方法。
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- 2015-10-19 US US15/521,242 patent/US20170358829A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-10-19 EP EP15853549.2A patent/EP3211707B1/en active Active
- 2015-10-19 CN CN201580057541.0A patent/CN107078339B/zh active Active
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7047181B1 (ja) | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-04 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 非水電解液およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
WO2023112787A1 (ja) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-06-22 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 非水電解液およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2023088767A (ja) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-06-27 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 非水電解液およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3211707B1 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
JPWO2016063838A1 (ja) | 2017-08-03 |
CN107078339B (zh) | 2019-12-17 |
JP6597630B2 (ja) | 2019-10-30 |
EP3211707A4 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
US20170358829A1 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
EP3211707A1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
CN107078339A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
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