WO2016021447A1 - 糖化酵素組成物、糖化反応液及び糖の製造方法 - Google Patents
糖化酵素組成物、糖化反応液及び糖の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016021447A1 WO2016021447A1 PCT/JP2015/071416 JP2015071416W WO2016021447A1 WO 2016021447 A1 WO2016021447 A1 WO 2016021447A1 JP 2015071416 W JP2015071416 W JP 2015071416W WO 2016021447 A1 WO2016021447 A1 WO 2016021447A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2405—Glucanases
- C12N9/2434—Glucanases acting on beta-1,4-glucosidic bonds
- C12N9/2437—Cellulases (3.2.1.4; 3.2.1.74; 3.2.1.91; 3.2.1.150)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/02—Monosaccharides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/14—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase (EC 3.2.x), e.g. by alpha-amylase, e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
- C12Y302/01—Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12Y302/01004—Cellulase (3.2.1.4), i.e. endo-1,4-beta-glucanase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C13—SUGAR INDUSTRY
- C13K—SACCHARIDES OBTAINED FROM NATURAL SOURCES OR BY HYDROLYSIS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING DISACCHARIDES, OLIGOSACCHARIDES OR POLYSACCHARIDES
- C13K1/00—Glucose; Glucose-containing syrups
- C13K1/02—Glucose; Glucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/0007—Recovery of by-products, i.e. compounds other than those necessary for pulping, for multiple uses or not otherwise provided for
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
- D21C5/005—Treatment of cellulose-containing material with microorganisms or enzymes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a saccharifying enzyme composition, a saccharification reaction solution, and a method for producing sugar.
- Such a method includes a hydrothermal treatment step of treating raw materials with pressurized hot water, a mechanical pulverization treatment step of mechanically pulverizing the hydrothermal treatment product, and a saccharification treatment step of saccharifying the mechanically pulverized product with an enzyme. Including.
- a method has a problem that the reaction rate when saccharifying with an enzyme is slow, and the concentration of the resulting saccharified solution is not sufficient.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a saccharification enzyme composition, a saccharification reaction solution, and a method for producing a saccharide that improve the speed of the saccharification reaction by an enzyme in a simple process.
- a first aspect of the present invention that achieves the above object is a saccharification reaction solution for saccharifying at least one of cellulose and hemicellulose, comprising at least one of cellulose and hemicellulose, a saccharifying enzyme, and colloidal silica in a dispersed state.
- the saccharification reaction solution is characterized in that the ratio of saccharification enzyme not immobilized on colloidal silica to the total saccharification enzyme is 25% or more and 100% or less.
- the average primary particle diameter of the colloidal silica is 1 nm or more and 400 nm or less, and the particle diameter measured by a dynamic light scattering method is 5 nm or more and less than 500 nm.
- the concentration of the saccharifying enzyme is preferably 0.005% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less.
- the concentration of the colloidal silica is preferably 0.005% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less.
- the mass ratio of the saccharifying enzyme and the colloidal silica is 0.002 or more and 300 or less.
- the pH is preferably 3 or more and 11 or less.
- the saccharifying enzyme preferably contains at least one of those derived from the genus Aspergillus and those derived from the genus Trichoderma.
- the second aspect of the present invention is a saccharification composition that saccharifies at least one of cellulose and hemicellulose, and is measured by a saccharification enzyme and an average primary particle diameter of 1 nm or more and 400 nm or less and by a dynamic light scattering method. It contains colloidal silica having a particle size of 5 nm or more and less than 500 nm in a dispersed state, and the ratio of saccharifying enzyme not immobilized on colloidal silica to total saccharifying enzyme is 25% or more and 100% or less.
- a saccharifying enzyme composition contains colloidal silica having a particle size of 5 nm or more and less than 500 nm in a dispersed state, and the ratio of saccharifying enzyme not immobilized on colloidal silica to total saccharifying enzyme is 25% or more and 100% or less.
- the third aspect of the present invention lies in a method for producing sugar, characterized in that sugar is produced using the saccharification reaction solution.
- reaction temperature of the saccharification reaction is preferably 5 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower.
- immobilized by colloidal silica with respect to all the saccharification enzymes in a saccharification composition is shown.
- the pH dependence of the saccharification rate 14 days after the enzymatic reaction of the saccharification reaction solution is shown.
- immobilized on colloidal silica with respect to the total saccharification enzyme in the saccharification composition 7 days after the enzyme reaction of a saccharification reaction liquid is shown.
- the silica concentration dependence of the saccharification rate 14 days after the enzymatic reaction of the saccharification reaction solution is shown.
- the dependence of the saccharification rate 14 days after the enzymatic reaction of the saccharification reaction solution in the range of saccharification enzyme / colloidal silica ratio of 0.1 to 300 is shown. It shows the dependence of the saccharification rate 14 days after the enzyme reaction of the saccharification reaction solution in the range of saccharification enzyme / colloidal silica ratio of 0.003 to 0.1.
- the average primary particle diameter dependence of the saccharification rate 14 days after the enzyme reaction of a saccharification reaction liquid is shown.
- At least one of cellulose and hemicellulose is used as a raw material.
- Such cellulose or hemicellulose is contained, for example, in cellulosic biomass such as agricultural, forestry and fishery resources such as broad-leaved trees and conifers, or waste of the agricultural, forestry and fishery resources. More specifically, bagasse, rice straw, corn stover, oil palm empty fruit bunch, wood fiber, wood chip, veneer waste, wood flour, pulp, waste paper, cotton, sea squirt, acetic acid bacteria and the like can be mentioned. These raw materials are not particularly limited as long as they are derived from cellulosic biomass, and one kind may be used alone or two or more kinds may be mixed and used.
- eucalyptus wood flour broadleaf tree
- cedar wood flour coniferous tree
- bagasse rice straw
- corn stover oil palm empty fruit bunch
- cellulose or hemicellulose contained in cotton are preferable.
- the reason is not clear, but it is easy to defibrate and sugar can be obtained in a relatively high yield.
- cellulose refers to a polymer in which glucose is polymerized by ⁇ -1,4 glucoside bonds.
- Hemicellulose is a polymer in which glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose and the like are polymerized by a glucoside bond, and refers to a water-insoluble polysaccharide other than cellulose.
- cellulose may contain cellooligosaccharide and cellobiose which are partially decomposed products thereof, and may be crystalline or non-crystalline. Further, it may be a carboxymethylated, aldehyded or esterified derivative. As described above, cellulose or hemicellulose is not particularly limited as long as it is derived from biomass, and may be derived from plants, fungi, or bacteria.
- Such cellulase means an enzyme that decomposes cellulose or hemicellulose into a sugar such as glucose.
- the microorganism that produces such a saccharifying enzyme is not particularly limited. ), Irpex, Phanerochaete, Penicillium, Schizophyllum, Sporotrichum, Trametoris, Trametes, Trametes In addition to these, Clostridium spp., Pseudomonas spp. as), Cellulomonas, Ruminococcus, Bacillus, and others, Sulfolobus, Streptomyces, and Thermoactinomyces Actinomycetes such as (Thermoactinomyces) bacteria, Thermomonospora bacteria and the like. These enzymes may be artificially modified. Moreover, these enzymes may be used individually by 1 type, or may mix and use 2 or more types.
- those derived from the genus Aspergillus and those derived from the genus Trichoderma are particularly preferable. This is because it is highly active against crystalline cellulose.
- the cellulase may be a series of enzymes. Examples of such enzymes include endoglucanase (EC 3.2.74), cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91), ⁇ -glucosidase (EC 23.2.4.1, EC 3.2). 1.21) Can be mentioned. It is preferable to use a mixture of cellulases derived from different microorganisms. In this case, saccharification of cellulose or hemicellulose can be further promoted by their synergistic effect.
- the cellulases described above are generally those having optimum enzyme activity in the range of pH 3 to 6, but are called alkaline cellulases having optimum enzyme activity in the range of pH 6-10. May be.
- many of the cellulases described above have optimum enzyme activity in the reaction temperature range of 25 ° C. or more and 50 ° C. or less, but the heat resistance having optimum enzyme activity in the range of 70 ° C. or more and 100 ° C. or less. What is called sex cellulase may be used.
- colloidal silica has an average primary particle diameter of 1 nm or more and 400 nm or less, preferably 5 nm or more and 350 nm or less, and is used by being dispersed in a saccharification reaction solution.
- BET method nitrogen adsorption method
- Colloidal silica can be displayed as a particle size measured by a dynamic light scattering method as a particle size in a dispersed liquid.
- the particle diameter measured by the dynamic light scattering method is 5 nm or more and less than 500 nm, preferably 10 nm or more and 450 nm or less.
- Silica is not porous but solid silica.
- Colloidal silica is used as a dispersion liquid dispersed in a dispersion medium such as water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, or ethylene glycol.
- the dispersion liquid is called a colloidal liquid or a sol.
- a dispersion medium may be selected as long as the activity of the enzyme is not inhibited, but water and ethanol are preferable.
- silica powder called precipitated silica is a porous powder having an average primary particle size of 400 nm or less and a measured particle size of 500 nm or more by a dynamic light scattering method. It does not show properties and does not have high dispersibility like the colloidal silica of the present invention.
- colloidal silica As a method for producing colloidal silica, there are a water glass method using water glass as a raw material, an alkoxide method using metal alkoxide as a raw material, and a vapor phase method using a silicon chloride compound as a raw material. Although colloidal silica obtained by any manufacturing method may be used, the water glass method is preferable.
- the saccharification reaction solution of the present invention is obtained by dispersing saccharification enzyme and colloidal silica using at least one of cellulose and hemicellulose as a raw material, and saccharification enzyme not immobilized on colloidal silica with respect to total saccharification enzyme.
- the ratio is 25% or more and 100% or less. More preferably, the ratio of the saccharifying enzyme not immobilized on colloidal silica to the total saccharifying enzyme is 50% or more and 100% or less. If the ratio of the saccharifying enzyme not immobilized on colloidal silica to the total saccharifying enzyme is lower than 25%, the reaction efficiency deteriorates, which is not preferable.
- the concentration of the saccharifying enzyme is 0.005% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less, preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less. If the saccharifying enzyme concentration is lower than 0.005% by mass, the reaction efficiency decreases, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it exceeds 3.0% by mass, the saccharifying enzyme is not only difficult to dissolve in the solution, but also economically unsuitable. is there.
- the concentration of colloidal silica is 0.005 mass% or more and 40 mass% or less, preferably 0.01 mass% or more and 10 mass% or less.
- concentration of colloidal silica is lower than 0.005% by mass, the reaction efficiency is lowered, which is not preferable.
- concentration is higher than 40% by mass, not only the dispersibility is deteriorated but also economically unsuitable.
- the mass ratio of saccharifying enzyme to the colloidal silica is 0.002 or more and 300 or less, preferably 0.1 or more and 10 or less. When the mass ratio of both is out of this range, the improvement in reaction efficiency is not significant.
- the pH of the saccharification reaction solution is 3 or more and 11 or less, preferably 3 or more and 9 or less, more preferably 4 or more and 7 or less.
- the pH is lower than 3, colloidal silica is aggregated to lower the reaction efficiency of the saccharifying enzyme.
- the pH is higher than 11, the colloidal silica is easily dissolved, which is not preferable.
- pH adjusters for saccharification reaction solutions mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, carboxylic acids such as acetic acid and oxalic acid, hydroxy acids such as citric acid, tartaric acid and malic acid, hydroxide salts such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, Ammonia, urea, etc. are mentioned. If it is a range which does not inhibit the effect of this invention, there will be no restriction
- the reaction temperature is preferably 5 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, preferably 20 ° C. or higher and 55 ° C. or lower. If the reaction temperature is lower than 5 ° C., the efficiency of the saccharification reaction is remarkably lowered, and if it is higher than 100 ° C., the saccharifying enzyme may be deactivated, which is not preferable.
- the raw material for saccharification reaction may be obtained by chemically destroying the structure of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose by physical pulverization with a cutter mill or the like, and acid or alkali treatment.
- colloidal silica When preparing the saccharification reaction solution, colloidal silica may be added to the reaction solution in which the saccharifying enzyme is dispersed, or saccharification enzyme may be added to the reaction solution in which the colloidal silica is dispersed. If it is a range which does not inhibit the effect of this invention, other additives, such as a pH adjuster, can be added in arbitrary orders.
- a saccharification reaction it is also possible to separate saccharification enzymes, colloidal silica, and sugars such as glucose using a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane or ultrafiltration (UF) membrane having an appropriate fractional molecular weight.
- RO reverse osmosis
- UF ultrafiltration
- the molecular weight cut off is 1,000 or more and 100,000 or less. If the molecular weight cut-off is smaller than this range, saccharides can be separated but easily clogged, and the membrane permeation rate is remarkably reduced. If the molecular weight is larger than this range, saccharification enzymes and colloidal silica may flow out with the sugar. Is not preferable.
- the average primary particle diameter of colloidal silica and the particle diameter measured by the dynamic light scattering method were measured using the following measuring devices, respectively.
- Nitrogen adsorption method measurement device Measurement of average primary particle size: Monosorb MS-16 (manufactured by Cantachrome Instruments Japan GK)
- Dynamic light scattering particle size measuring device Zetasizer Nano S (Malvern Instruments)
- Examples 1 to 7 and the saccharifying enzyme composition of Comparative Example 1 First, a cellulase aqueous solution was prepared as a saccharifying enzyme aqueous solution by the following procedure. As cellulase, cellulase derived from the genus Aspergillus niger (manufactured by MP biomedicals) having optimal enzyme activity in the range of pH 3 to 6 was used.
- silica concentration 40% by mass is treated with strong acidic hydrogen cation exchange resin Amberlite (registered trademark) IR-120B (manufactured by Organo) to remove alkali metal ions, and acidic silica sol (pH 2.1, silica concentration) 40 g) 200 g was obtained.
- acidic silica sol pH 2.1, silica concentration 40 g
- 15 g of the obtained acidic silica sol 4.0 g of the above-mentioned cellulase aqueous solution was added with stirring.
- acetic acid equivalent to 1M sodium acetate (hereinafter referred to as Na acetate), acetate-Na acetate buffer ( 1.0 g of pH 3.5-5.0), 0.5 M equivalent of NaOH and HC1, was added to obtain a saccharifying enzyme composition having a silica concentration of 30 mass% and a cellulase concentration of 3 mass%.
- the particle diameter measured by the dynamic light scattering method was confirmed for the obtained saccharifying enzyme composition, it was 55 nm, and the particle diameter in the colloidal silica dispersion was not changed.
- the ratio of the saccharifying enzyme not immobilized on colloidal silica to the total saccharifying enzyme is determined by the Bradford method (CBB method). ) And quantitatively calculated.
- the mixture was allowed to stand for 30 minutes, and the absorbance at a wavelength of 595 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer UV-3150 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- a sample with a known saccharifying enzyme concentration was prepared, and the absorbance was measured in the same manner to prepare a calibration curve.
- the saccharifying enzyme concentration of the supernatant was calculated from the obtained calibration curve.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the ratio of the saccharifying enzyme not immobilized on colloidal silica to the total saccharifying enzymes of the saccharifying enzyme compositions of Examples 1 to 8 and pH. It can be seen that the ratio of the saccharifying enzyme not immobilized on the colloidal silica to the total saccharifying enzyme depends on the pH of the saccharifying enzyme composition.
- saccharifying enzyme composition of Comparative Examples 2 to 10 A saccharifying enzyme composition containing no colloidal silica was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 8, except that the concentration of saccharifying enzyme was adjusted with deionized water instead of adding colloidal silica.
- the saccharifying enzyme composition is shown in Table 1.
- saccharification reaction solutions of Examples 1 to 8 2.5% by mass of microcrystalline cellulose powder was added to the saccharifying enzyme compositions of Examples 1 to 8, and dispersed to obtain a saccharification reaction solution.
- each saccharifying enzyme composition was added and 0.25 g (corresponding to 25 mg / mL) of microcrystalline cellulose powder (MP biomedicals) was added while stirring with a 10 mm stirrer at 4 mm ⁇ , and then sealed. .
- Table 2 shows the results of measuring the saccharification rate as follows at the reaction temperature, 3 days, and 14 days after the enzymatic reaction of the saccharification reaction solution.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the saccharification rate 14 days after the enzymatic reaction of the saccharification reaction solutions of Examples 1 to 8 and pH.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the saccharification rate and pH after 14 days of the enzymatic reaction of the saccharification reaction solutions of Comparative Examples 1 to 8. 1 and 2, in each pH region, the proportion of saccharifying enzyme in which colloidal silica is blended and not immobilized on colloidal silica is 42% or more and 100% compared to saccharifying enzyme alone. It can be seen that the following saccharification reaction liquid has a higher saccharification rate.
- a 0.5 mL sample of the saccharification reaction solution was collected on a 2 mL microchip and heated at 110 ° C. for 30 minutes to deactivate the enzyme.
- the sample was transferred to a 50 mL centrifuge tube, and was subjected to high-speed cooling centrifuge SRX-201 (manufactured by Tommy Seiko Co., Ltd.) at 25,000 G for 30 minutes at 4 ° C. Centrifuged. The supernatant was collected immediately after centrifugation.
- F-kit glucose manufactured by JK International
- Absorbance at a wavelength of 340 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer UV-3150 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- F-kit solution I 1.0 mL of F-kit solution I was added to a disposable cell having a cell length of 10 mm, and then 0.1 mL of the above supernatant and 1.9 mL of deionized water were added and sealed. Next, the mixed solution was mixed uniformly by repeating upside down. Thereafter, the mixture was allowed to stand for 3 minutes, and the absorbance of the generated supernatant portion at a wavelength of 340 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer to obtain E 1 . Next, 0.02 mL of F-kit solution II was added and mixed upside down repeatedly. Then settled for 15 minutes, the absorbance at a wavelength 340nm of the generated supernatant portion was measured using a spectrophotometer, and the E 2. As the absorbance of the blank, a value measured using deionized water instead of the supernatant was used.
- the concentration of D-glucose was determined from the following formula.
- the value obtained by dividing the glucose production concentration of the saccharification reaction solution measured by the above method by the microcrystalline cellulose powder concentration (corresponding to 25 mg / mL) added to the saccharification reaction solution and multiplying by 100 was defined as the saccharification rate.
- pH adjuster A acetic acid
- F Sodium acetate G: NaOH H: HCl
- a cellulase aqueous solution was prepared as a saccharifying enzyme aqueous solution by the following procedure.
- As cellulase cellulase derived from the genus Aspergillus niger (manufactured by MP biomedicals) having optimal enzyme activity in the range of pH 3 to 6 was used.
- an alkaline silica sol pH 9.0, in which solid and spherical colloidal silica (average primary particle size: 35 nm, measured particle size by dynamic light scattering method: 55 nm) produced by the water glass method is dispersed in water.
- silica concentration 40% by mass 200 g was treated with strong acidic hydrogen cation exchange resin Amberlite (registered trademark) IR-120B (manufactured by Organo) to remove alkali metal ions and acidic silica sol (pH 2.1, silica concentration 40). 200% by mass) was obtained.
- strong acidic hydrogen cation exchange resin Amberlite (registered trademark) IR-120B manufactured by Organo
- IR-120B manufactured by Organo
- the saccharifying enzyme composition having a silica concentration of 0.01 to 38% by mass and a cellulase concentration of 0.1 to 3% by mass was obtained.
- the particle diameter measured by the dynamic light scattering method was confirmed for the obtained saccharifying enzyme composition, it was 55 nm, and the particle diameter in the colloidal silica dispersion was not changed.
- Table 3 shows the saccharifying enzyme compositions of Examples 9 to 26.
- saccharification enzyme composition of Comparative Examples 12 to 14 The same procedure as in Examples 9 to 26 was performed except that the concentration of saccharifying enzyme was adjusted with deionized water instead of adding colloidal silica.
- the saccharifying enzyme composition is shown in Table 3.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the saccharification rate 14 days after the enzymatic reaction of the saccharification reaction solutions of Examples 3, 9 to 13, and Comparative Example 4 and the silica concentration.
- a high saccharification rate is exhibited in a saccharification reaction solution in which the ratio of saccharification enzyme not immobilized on colloidal silica is 25% or more and 100% or less with respect to the total saccharification enzyme in the range of silica concentration of 0.01 to 30% by mass. It can be seen that the saccharification rate is higher than when no colloidal silica is contained.
- Example 22 even if the silica concentration is 38% by mass, a high saccharification rate is exhibited, and it can be seen that the saccharification rate is higher than that when no colloidal silica is contained.
- the saccharification enzyme concentration is in the range of 0.1 to 3.0% by mass. It shows a high saccharification rate and a higher saccharification rate than when no colloidal silica is contained.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the saccharification rate 14 days after the enzymatic reaction of the saccharification reaction solutions of Examples 3, 9 to 13 and Comparative Example 4 and the mass ratio of saccharifying enzyme to colloidal silica (saccharifying enzyme / colloidal silica). Show.
- FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the saccharification rate 14 days after the enzymatic reaction of the saccharification reaction solutions of Examples 22 to 26 and Comparative Example 14 and the mass ratio of saccharifying enzyme to colloidal silica (saccharifying enzyme / colloidal silica).
- the mass ratio of saccharification enzyme to colloidal silica shows a high saccharification rate in the range of 0.003 to 300, and it can be seen that the saccharification rate is higher than that when no colloidal silica is contained.
- a cellulase aqueous solution was prepared as a saccharifying enzyme aqueous solution by the following procedure.
- As cellulase cellulase derived from the genus Aspergillus niger (manufactured by MP biomedicals) having optimal enzyme activity in the range of pH 3 to 6 was used.
- an acidic silica sol (pH 2.8, in which solid and spherical colloidal silica (average primary particle size: 5 nm, measured particle size by dynamic light scattering method: 15 nm) produced by the water glass method is dispersed in water.
- silica concentration (10% by mass) 8.0 g of deionized water and 1.0 g of the 10% by mass cellulase aqueous solution described above were added with stirring.
- 1M equivalent acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer ( 1.0 g of pH 4.0) was added to obtain a saccharifying enzyme composition having a silica concentration of 5% by mass and a cellulase concentration of 0.5% by mass.
- the particle diameter measured by the dynamic light scattering method was confirmed for the obtained saccharifying enzyme composition, it was 15 nm, and the particle diameter in the colloidal silica dispersion was not changed.
- acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer (pH 4) 0.0) 1.0 g was added to obtain a saccharifying enzyme composition having a silica concentration of 5 mass% and a cellulase concentration of 0.5 mass%.
- the obtained saccharifying enzyme composition was confirmed to have a particle diameter measured by a dynamic light scattering method of 20 nm. The particle diameter in the colloidal silica dispersion was not changed.
- Table 5 shows the saccharifying enzyme compositions of Examples 27 to 31.
- a cellulase aqueous solution was prepared as a saccharifying enzyme aqueous solution by the following procedure.
- a cellulase derived from the genus Trichoderma reesei (manufactured by Sigma Aldrich) having an optimal enzyme activity in a pH range of 3 to 6 was used.
- an alkaline silica sol pH 9.0, in which solid and spherical colloidal silica (average primary particle size: 35 nm, measured particle size by dynamic light scattering method: 55 nm) produced by the water glass method is dispersed in water.
- silica concentration 40% by mass
- Amberlite registered trademark
- IR-120B manufactured by Organo
- alkali metal ions alkali metal ions
- acidic silica sol pH 2.1, silica concentration 40. 20% by mass
- deionized water and the above-mentioned 10% by mass cellulase aqueous solution were added with stirring, and further adjusted to pH by adding 0.05M acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.0) to 0.05M.
- the saccharifying enzyme composition having a silica concentration of 0.01 to 10% by mass and a cellulase concentration of 0.01 to 1% by mass was obtained.
- the particle diameter measured by the dynamic light scattering method was confirmed for the obtained saccharifying enzyme composition, it was 55 nm, and the particle diameter in the colloidal silica dispersion was not changed.
- Table 7 shows the saccharifying enzyme compositions of Examples 32-37.
- saccharification enzyme composition of Comparative Examples 15 to 20 The same procedure as in Examples 32 to 37 was performed except that the concentration of saccharifying enzyme was adjusted with deionized water instead of adding colloidal silica.
- the saccharifying enzyme composition is shown in Table 7.
- the cellulase derived from the genus Trichoderma reesei is as high as the cellulase derived from the genus Aspergillus niger.
- the saccharification rate is shown, and it can be seen that the saccharification rate is higher than when no colloidal silica is contained.
- the saccharification rate is high when the silica concentration is in the range of 0.01 to 10% by mass. It can be seen that the saccharification rate is higher than that when no colloidal silica is contained.
- the saccharification enzyme concentration is in the range of 0.01 to 1.0% by mass. It shows a high saccharification rate and a higher saccharification rate than when no colloidal silica is contained.
- a cellulase aqueous solution was prepared as a saccharifying enzyme aqueous solution by the following procedure.
- a cellulase derived from the genus Trichoderma reesei (manufactured by Sigma Aldrich) having an optimal enzyme activity in a pH range of 3 to 6 was used.
- an alkaline silica sol pH 9.0, in which solid and spherical colloidal silica (average primary particle size: 35 nm, measured particle size by dynamic light scattering method: 55 nm) produced by the water glass method is dispersed in water.
- a saccharifying enzyme composition having a silica concentration of 5% by mass and a cellulase concentration of 0.01 to 0.5% by mass.
- the particle diameter measured by the dynamic light scattering method was confirmed for the obtained saccharifying enzyme composition, it was 55 nm, and the particle diameter in the colloidal silica dispersion was not changed.
- Table 9 shows the saccharifying enzyme compositions of Examples 38 to 43.
- saccharifying enzyme composition of Comparative Examples 21 to 26 The same procedure as in Examples 38 to 43 was carried out except that the saccharifying enzyme concentration was adjusted with deionized water instead of adding colloidal silica.
- the saccharifying enzyme composition is shown in Table 9.
- the mass ratio of saccharification enzyme to colloidal silica (saccharification enzyme / colloidal silica) is 0.
- a high saccharification rate is shown in the range of 0.002 to 0.1, and it can be seen that the saccharification rate is higher than when no colloidal silica is contained.
- a cellulase aqueous solution was prepared as a saccharifying enzyme aqueous solution by the following procedure.
- As cellulase cellulase derived from the genus Aspergillus niger (manufactured by MP biomedicals) having optimal enzyme activity in the range of pH 3 to 6 was used.
- a saccharifying enzyme composition having a silica concentration of 5 mass% and a cellulase concentration of 0.5 mass%.
- a saccharifying enzyme composition having a silica concentration of 5 mass% and a cellulase concentration of 0.5 mass%.
- a saccharifying enzyme composition having a silica concentration of 5 mass% and a cellulase concentration of 0.5 mass%.
- a saccharifying enzyme composition having a silica concentration of 5 mass% and a cellulase concentration of 0.5 mass%.
- a saccharifying enzyme composition having a silica concentration of 5 mass% and a cellulase concentration of 0.5 mass%.
- a saccharifying enzyme composition having a silica concentration of 5 mass% and a cellulase concentration of 0.5 mass%.
- a saccharifying enzyme composition having a silica concentration of 5 mass% and a cellulase concentration of 0.5 mass%.
- saccharifying enzyme composition of Comparative Example 29 A saccharifying enzyme composition containing no colloidal silica was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 44 to 49 except that the concentration of saccharifying enzyme was adjusted with deionized water instead of adding colloidal silica.
- the saccharifying enzyme composition is shown in Table 11.
- Table 11 shows the saccharifying enzyme compositions of Examples 44 to 49.
- FIG. 3 shows the dependency of the ratio of saccharification enzyme not immobilized on colloidal silica on the total saccharification enzyme in the saccharification composition 7 days after the enzymatic reaction of the saccharification reaction solutions of Examples 44 to 49.
- the saccharification rate depends on the ratio of saccharifying enzyme not immobilized on colloidal silica to total saccharifying enzyme. It can be seen that a high saccharification rate is exhibited when the ratio of the saccharifying enzyme not immobilized on colloidal silica to the enzyme is 27% or more and 77% or less.
- 0.1 g of precipitated silica powder (trade name: Carplex # 80, manufactured by DSL Japan, average primary particle size: 7 nm, measured particle size by dynamic light scattering method: 1750 nm) 9 g, 1.0 g of the above 10% by weight cellulase aqueous solution was added with stirring, and 1.0 g of acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution (pH 4.0) corresponding to 1M was added for pH adjustment, and the silica concentration was 5% by mass. A saccharifying enzyme composition having a cellulase concentration of 0.5% by mass was obtained.
- Table 13 shows the saccharifying enzyme compositions of Comparative Examples 30 and 31.
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Abstract
Description
窒素吸着法測定装置(平均一次粒子径の測定):Monosorb MS-16(カンタクローム・インスツルメンツ・ジャパン合同会社製)
動的光散乱法粒子径測定装置:ゼータサイザーナノS(マルバーンインスツルメンツ製)
まず、以下の手順で、糖化酵素水溶液として、セルラーゼ水溶液を作製した。なお、セルラーゼとしては、pH3以上、6以下の範囲で至適な酵素活性を有するAspergillus niger属由来のセルラーゼ(MP biomedicals製)を用いた。
水ガラス法で製造された中実で球状のコロイダルシリカ(平均一次粒子径:35nm、動的光散乱法による測定粒子径:55nm)が水に分散されたアルカリ性シリカゾル(pH9.0、シリカ濃度40質量%)15g中に、上述のセルラーゼ水溶液4.0gを撹拌しながら添加し、更にpH調整として、1M相当の酢酸Na0.5g及び1M相当NaOH0.5gを添加し、シリカ濃度30質量%、セルラーゼ濃度3質量%の糖化酵素組成物を得た。得られた糖化酵素組成物について動的光散乱法による測定粒子径を確認したところ55nmであり、コロイダルシリカの分散体における粒子径は変化していなかった。表1に、実施例1~8の糖化酵素組成物を示す。
本発明の糖化酵素組成物において、全糖化酵素に対してコロイダルシリカに固定化されていない糖化酵素の割合は、遠心分離法により得られた上澄み中の糖化酵素の濃度を、Bradford法(CBB法)により定量して算出した。
コロイダルシリカを添加しない代わりに脱イオン水で糖化酵素の濃度調整をした以外は、実施例1~8と同様に行って、コロイダルシリカを含まない糖化酵素組成物を得た。該糖化酵素組成物を表1に示す。
水ガラス法で製造された中実で球状のコロイダルシリカ(平均一次粒子径:35nm、動的光散乱法による測定粒子径:55nm)が水に分散されたアルカリ性シリカゾル(pH9.0、シリカ濃度40質量%)20gを、強酸性水素型陽イオン交換樹脂アンバーライト(登録商標)IR-120B(オルガノ製)で処理してアルカリ金属イオンを除去し酸性シリカゾル(pH2.1、シリカ濃度40質量%)20gを得た。得られた酸性シリカゾル15g中に、脱イオン水5g添加し、シリカ濃度30質量%の糖化酵素組成物を得た。糖化酵素組成物を併せて表1に示す。
実施例1~8の糖化酵素組成物に、微結晶セルロース粉末を2.5質量%添加し、分散させて糖化反応液とした。
実施例1~8の糖化反応液を、24℃の恒温室中で、攪拌下で14日間酵素反応させた。
糖化反応液の作製及び糖の製造方法は、実施例1~8と同様に行った。結果を表2に示す。また、比較例1~8の糖化反応液の酵素反応14日後の糖化率とpHとの関係を図2に示す。図1、図2より各pH領域において、糖化酵素単独に比べて、コロイダルシリカが配合され、且つ全糖化酵素に対してコロイダルシリカに固定化されていない糖化酵素の割合が42%以上、100%以下の糖化反応液の方が糖化率が高いことが判る。
酵素法(G6PDH-HK法)を用いて、糖化反応液の酵素反応時のグルコース生成濃度を定量し、糖化率を算出した。
A:酢酸
B:酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH=3.5)
C:酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH=4.0)
D:酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH=4.5)
E:酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH=5.0)
F:酢酸ナトリウム
G:NaOH
H:HCl
まず、以下の手順で糖化酵素水溶液として、セルラーゼ水溶液を作製した。なお、セルラーゼとしては、pH3以上、6以下の範囲で至適な酵素活性を有するAspergillus niger属由来のセルラーゼ(MP biomedicals製)を用いた。
コロイダルシリカを添加しない代わりに脱イオン水で糖化酵素の濃度調整をした以外は、実施例9~26と同様に行った。糖化酵素組成物を表3に示す。
まず、以下の手順で糖化酵素水溶液として、セルラーゼ水溶液を作製した。なお、セルラーゼとしては、pH3以上、6以下の範囲で至適な酵素活性を有するAspergillus niger属由来のセルラーゼ(MP biomedicals製)を用いた。
水ガラス法で製造された中実で球状のコロイダルシリカ(平均一次粒子径:12nm、動的光散乱法による測定粒子径:20nm)が水に分散された酸性シリカゾル(pH2.6、シリカ濃度20質量%)5.0g中に、脱イオン水13.0g、上述の10質量%セルラーゼ水溶液1.0gを撹拌しながら添加し、更にpH調整として、1M相当の酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH4.0)1.0g添加し、シリカ濃度5質量%、セルラーゼ濃度0.5質量%の糖化酵素組成物を得た。得られた糖化酵素組成物について動的光散乱法による測定粒子径を確認したところ20nmであり、コロイダルシリカの分散体における粒子径は変化していなかった。
水ガラス法で製造された中実で球状のコロイダルシリカ(平均一次粒子径:80nm、動的光散乱法による測定粒子径:120nm)が水に分散されたアルカリ性シリカゾル(pH9.5、シリカ濃度40質量%)20gを、強酸性水素型陽イオン交換樹脂アンバーライト(登録商標)IR-120B(オルガノ製)で処理してアルカリ金属イオンを除去し酸性シリカゾル(pH2.0、シリカ濃度40質量%)20gを得た。得られた酸性シリカゾル2.5g中に、脱イオン水15.5g、上述の10質量%セルラーゼ水溶液1.0gを撹拌しながら添加し、更にpH調整として、1M相当の酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH4.0)1.0g添加し、シリカ濃度5質量%、セルラーゼ濃度0.5質量%の糖化酵素組成物を得た。得られた糖化酵素組成物について動的光散乱法による測定粒子径を確認したところ120nmであり、コロイダルシリカの分散体における粒子径は変化していなかった。
水ガラス法で製造された中実で球状のコロイダルシリカ(平均一次粒子径:160nm、動的光散乱法による測定粒子径:200nm)が水に分散されたアルカリ性シリカゾル(pH9.3、シリカ濃度40質量%)20gを、強酸性水素型陽イオン交換樹脂アンバーライト(登録商標)IR-120B(オルガノ製)で処理してアルカリ金属イオンを除去し酸性シリカゾル(pH2.3、シリカ(SiO2)濃度40質量%)20gを得た。得られた酸性シリカゾル2.5g中に、脱イオン水15.5g、上述の10質量%セルラーゼ水溶液1.0gを撹拌しながら添加し、更にpH調整として、1M相当の酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH4.0)1.0g添加し、シリカ濃度5質量%、セルラーゼ濃度0.5質量%の糖化酵素組成物を得た。得られた糖化酵素組成物について動的光散乱法による測定粒子径を確認したところ200nmであり、コロイダルシリカの分散体における粒子径は変化していなかった。
水ガラス法で製造された中実で球状のコロイダルシリカ(平均一次粒子径:310nm、動的光散乱法による測定粒子径:450nm)が水に分散されたアルカリ性シリカゾル(pH8.5、シリカ濃度40質量%)20gを、強酸性水素型陽イオン交換樹脂アンバーライト(登録商標)IR-120B(オルガノ製)で処理してアルカリ金属イオンを除去し酸性シリカゾル(pH3.3、シリカ濃度40質量%)20gを得た。得られた酸性シリカゾル2.5g中に、脱イオン水15.5g、上述の10質量%セルラーゼ水溶液1.0gを撹拌しながら添加し、更にpH調整として、1M相当の酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH4.0)1.0g添加し、シリカ濃度5質量%、セルラーゼ濃度0.5質量%の糖化酵素組成物を得た。得られた糖化酵素組成物について動的光散乱法による測定粒子径を確認したところ450nmであり、コロイダルシリカの分散体における粒子径は変化していなかった。
まず、以下の手順で糖化酵素水溶液として、セルラーゼ水溶液を作製した。なお、セルラーゼとしては、pH3以上、6以下の範囲で至適な酵素活性を有するTrichoderma reesei属由来のセルラーゼ(Sigma Aldrich製)を用いた。
コロイダルシリカを添加しない代わりに脱イオン水で糖化酵素の濃度調整をした以外は、実施例32~37と同様に行った。糖化酵素組成物を表7に示す。
まず、以下の手順で糖化酵素水溶液として、セルラーゼ水溶液を作製した。なお、セルラーゼとしては、pH3以上、6以下の範囲で至適な酵素活性を有するTrichoderma reesei属由来のセルラーゼ(Sigma Aldrich製)を用いた。
コロイダルシリカを添加しない代わりに脱イオン水で糖化酵素の濃度調整をした以外は、実施例38~43と同様に行った。糖化酵素組成物を表9に示す。
まず、以下の手順で糖化酵素水溶液として、セルラーゼ水溶液を作製した。なお、セルラーゼとしては、pH3以上、6以下の範囲で至適な酵素活性を有するAspergillus niger属由来のセルラーゼ(MP biomedicals製)を用いた。
水ガラス法で製造された中実で球状のコロイダルシリカ(平均一次粒子径:45nm、動的光散乱法による測定粒子径:75nm)が水に分散された酸性シリカゾル(pH2.9、シリカ濃度20質量%)5.0g中に、脱イオン水12.0g、アルファイン83(ポリ塩化アルミニウム、大明化学工業製)7ppm、上述の5質量%セルラーゼ水溶液2.0gを撹拌しながら添加し、更にpH調整として、1M相当の酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH4.0)1.0g添加し、シリカ濃度5質量%、セルラーゼ濃度0.5質量%の糖化酵素組成物を得た。
水ガラス法で製造された中実で球状のコロイダルシリカ(平均一次粒子径:45nm、動的光散乱法による測定粒子径:75nm)が水に分散された酸性シリカゾル(pH2.9、シリカ濃度20質量%)5.0g中に、脱イオン水12.0g、アルファイン83(ポリ塩化アルミニウム、大明化学工業製)10ppm、上述の5質量%セルラーゼ水溶液2.0gを撹拌しながら添加し、更にpH調整として、1M相当の酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH4.0)1.0g添加し、シリカ濃度5質量%、セルラーゼ濃度0.5質量%の糖化酵素組成物を得た。
水ガラス法で製造された中実で球状のコロイダルシリカ(平均一次粒子径:45nm、動的光散乱法による測定粒子径:75nm)が水に分散された酸性シリカゾル(pH2.9、シリカ濃度20質量%)5.0g中に、脱イオン水12.0g、アルファイン83(ポリ塩化アルミニウム、大明化学工業製)14ppm、上述の5質量%セルラーゼ水溶液2.0gを撹拌しながら添加し、更にpH調整として、1M相当の酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH4.0)1.0g添加し、シリカ濃度5質量%、セルラーゼ濃度0.5質量%の糖化酵素組成物を得た。
水ガラス法で製造された中実で球状のコロイダルシリカ(平均一次粒子径:45nm、動的光散乱法による測定粒子径:75nm)が水に分散された酸性シリカゾル(pH2.9、シリカ濃度20質量%)5.0g中に、脱イオン水12.0g、アルファイン83(ポリ塩化アルミニウム、大明化学工業製)15ppm、上述の5質量%セルラーゼ水溶液2.0gを撹拌しながら添加し、更にpH調整として、1M相当の酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH4.0)1.0g添加し、シリカ濃度5質量%、セルラーゼ濃度0.5質量%の糖化酵素組成物を得た。
水ガラス法で製造された中実で球状のコロイダルシリカ(平均一次粒子径:45nm、動的光散乱法による測定粒子径:75nm)が水に分散された酸性シリカゾル(pH2.9、シリカ濃度20質量%)5.0g中に、脱イオン水12.0g、アルファイン83(ポリ塩化アルミニウム、大明化学工業製)16ppm、上述の5質量%セルラーゼ水溶液2.0gを撹拌しながら添加し、更にpH調整として、1M相当の酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH4.0)1.0g添加し、シリカ濃度5質量%、セルラーゼ濃度0.5質量%の糖化酵素組成物を得た。
水ガラス法で製造された中実で球状のコロイダルシリカ(平均一次粒子径:45nm、動的光散乱法による測定粒子径:75nm)が水に分散された酸性シリカゾル(pH2.9、シリカ濃度20質量%)5.0g中に、脱イオン水12.0g、アルファイン83(ポリ塩化アルミニウム、大明化学工業製)20ppm、上述の5質量%セルラーゼ水溶液2.0gを撹拌しながら添加し、更にpH調整として、1M相当の酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH4.0)1.0g添加し、シリカ濃度5質量%、セルラーゼ濃度0.5質量%の糖化酵素組成物を得た。
水ガラス法で製造された中実で球状のコロイダルシリカ(平均一次粒子径:45nm、動的光散乱法による測定粒子径:75nm)が水に分散された酸性シリカゾル(pH2.9、シリカ濃度20質量%)5.0g中に、脱イオン水12.0g、アルファイン83(ポリ塩化アルミニウム、大明化学工業製)27ppm、上述の5質量%セルラーゼ水溶液2.0gを撹拌しながら添加し、更にpH調整として、1M相当の酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH4.0)1.0g添加し、シリカ濃度5質量%、セルラーゼ濃度0.5質量%の糖化酵素組成物を得た。
コロイダルシリカを添加しない代わりに脱イオン水で糖化酵素の濃度調整をした以外は、実施例44~49と同様に行って、コロイダルシリカを含まない糖化酵素組成物を得た。該糖化酵素組成物を表11に示す。
まず、脱イオン水9g中にセルラーゼ粉末1gを添加し、2時間、室温でマグネティックスターラーで撹拌しながら溶解して10質量%のセルラーゼ水溶液を得た。次に、沈降法シリカ粉末(商品名:カープレックス #80、DSL.ジャパン製、平均一次粒子径:7nm、動的光散乱法による測定粒子径:1750nm)0.1gに、脱イオン水17.9g、上述の10質量%セルラーゼ水溶液1.0gを撹拌しながら添加し、更にpH調整として、1M相当の酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH4.0)1.0g添加し、シリカ濃度5質量%、セルラーゼ濃度0.5質量%の糖化酵素組成物を得た。
沈降法シリカ粉末(商品名:トクシール GU-N、トクヤマ製、平均一次粒子径:11nm、動的光散乱法による測定粒子径:4740nm)0.1gに、脱イオン水17.9g、上述の10質量%セルラーゼ水溶液1.0gを撹拌しながら添加し、更にpH調整として、1M相当の酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH4.0)1.0g添加し、シリカ濃度5質量%、セルラーゼ濃度0.5質量%の糖化酵素組成物を得た。
Claims (9)
- セルロース及びヘミセルロースの少なくとも一方を糖化する糖化反応液であって、セルロース及びヘミセルロースの少なくとも一方と、糖化酵素と、コロイダルシリカとを分散状態で含有し、且つ全糖化酵素に対してコロイダルシリカに固定化されていない糖化酵素の割合が25%以上、100%以下であることを特徴とする糖化反応液。
- 請求項1記載の糖化反応液において、前記コロイダルシリカの平均一次粒子径が、1nm以上、400nm以下、且つ動的光散乱法による測定粒子径が5nm以上、500nm未満であることを特徴とする糖化反応液。
- 請求項1又は2記載の糖化反応液において、前記糖化酵素の濃度が、0.005質量%以上、3.0質量%以下であることを特徴とする糖化反応液。
- 請求項1~3の何れか一項記載の糖化反応液において、前記コロイダルシリカの濃度が、0.005質量%以上、40質量%以下であることを特徴とする糖化反応液。
- 請求項1~4の何れか一項記載の糖化反応液において、前記糖化酵素と前記コロイダルシリカとの質量比率(糖化酵素/コロイダルシリカ)が、0.002以上、300以下であることを特徴とする糖化反応液。
- 請求項1~5の何れか一項記載の糖化反応液において、pHが3以上、11以下であることを特徴とする糖化反応液。
- 請求項1~6の何れか一項記載の糖化反応液において、前記糖化酵素が、Aspergillus属由来のもの及びTrichoderma属由来のものの少なくとも一方を含むことを特徴とする糖化反応液。
- セルロース及びヘミセルロースの少なくとも一方を糖化する糖化組成物であって、糖化酵素と、平均一次粒子径が1nm以上、400nm以下、且つ動的光散乱法による測定粒子径が5nm以上、500nm未満であるコロイダルシリカとを分散状態で含有し、且つ全糖化酵素に対してコロイダルシリカに固定化されていない糖化酵素の割合が25%以上、100%以下であることを特徴とする糖化酵素組成物。
- 請求項1~7の何れか一項記載の糖化反応液を用いて糖を製造することを特徴とする糖の製造方法。
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