WO2015151751A1 - 表面処理アルミニウム材及び亜鉛添加アルミニウム合金 - Google Patents
表面処理アルミニウム材及び亜鉛添加アルミニウム合金 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015151751A1 WO2015151751A1 PCT/JP2015/057289 JP2015057289W WO2015151751A1 WO 2015151751 A1 WO2015151751 A1 WO 2015151751A1 JP 2015057289 W JP2015057289 W JP 2015057289W WO 2015151751 A1 WO2015151751 A1 WO 2015151751A1
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- aluminum
- aluminum alloy
- zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/16—Pretreatment, e.g. desmutting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surface-treated aluminum material having an anodized film on the surface and a zinc-added aluminum alloy for producing the surface-treated aluminum material, and in particular, the manifestation of crystal grain patterns due to anodization is suppressed. It relates to a surface-treated aluminum material.
- An aluminum material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is easily corroded by acid, alkali, etc., so that the aluminum material is an anode in an electrolyte solution in order to provide corrosion resistance, wear resistance, aesthetics, functionality, etc.
- anodization treatment is generally performed in which an aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) film (anodized film) is formed on the surface thereof.
- an anodic oxidation treatment using an aqueous acid solution such as oxalic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or the like as an electrolyte
- an anodic oxidation film called a porous film is formed by this anodic oxidation treatment.
- a barrier layer corresponding to the treatment voltage is first generated, and then a large number of holes are generated in the barrier layer, and the large number of holes grow to form a porous layer.
- Al-Cu 2000 series
- Al-Mn 3000 series
- Al-Si 4000 series
- Al-Mg series Aluminum alloys such as 5000 series
- Al purity high-purity aluminum materials with high aluminum purity
- chemical dissolution treatment electropolishing treatment
- anodic oxidation treatment etc. performed after processing such as extrusion and cutting
- housing members such as door knobs and fences, handles and cranks, etc.
- This high-purity aluminum material is used in applications such as bicycle members such as bicycles, vehicle members such as passenger door frames and inner panels, decorative members such as accessories and watches, optical product members such as reflectors and cameras, and printing rolls. Development of products that have been processed has become active.
- an aluminum material has a pattern (crystal grain pattern) due to crystal grains present in the material, and this crystal grain pattern is not visible to the naked eye before anodizing treatment, When the anodizing treatment is performed, it becomes apparent mainly due to the difference in crystal grain orientation. And about an aluminum material, there exists a tendency for a crystal grain size to become large, so that the Al purity is high, and it becomes more obvious by an anodizing process.
- the size of crystal grains may be several hundred ⁇ m or more, and may be several mm depending on the heat treatment.
- the cooling rate is adjusted at the time of casting the aluminum material before the anodizing treatment, or processing such as cold forging is performed. It is conceivable to make the crystal grain size in the aluminum material smaller than the size (about 100 ⁇ m) that can be visually confirmed, thereby making the crystal grain pattern apparently inconspicuous. However, even if the crystal grain size in the aluminum material is less than 100 ⁇ m, if the crystal grains are aggregated and become 100 ⁇ m or more, there is a problem that the crystal grains become apparent during the anodic oxidation treatment.
- the processing method of aluminum is limited, so there is a limit to reducing the size of crystal grains, especially when the aluminum material is a material with high Al purity, or heat treatment is required during production In this case, it is technically difficult to reduce the size of the crystal grains to 100 ⁇ m or less, and even if the size of the crystal grains can be reduced, the crystal grains in the aluminum material When the agglomerates are aggregated, they appear to be similar to one large crystal grain in appearance, and it is difficult to obtain a uniform appearance.
- the present inventors first investigated in detail the cause of the appearance of crystal grain patterns due to the anodizing treatment, and in the aluminum material after the anodizing treatment, the aluminum metal (Al) / barrier layer (Al 2 O It was found that the shape at the interface of 3 ) was different for each crystal grain with different orientation.
- a barrier layer is first formed at the initial stage of film formation, and then holes begin to open in the formed film, but if there is a difference in orientation of crystal grains, this difference in crystal grain orientation Due to this, a difference occurs at the time of the generation of holes, and due to this, fine differences in the shape and unevenness are formed in many holes generated at the interface of aluminum metal (Al) / barrier layer (Al 2 O 3 ). The fine difference in the formed many holes is reflected in the porous layer formed by growing many holes thereafter. And even if the difference is very slight, the fine difference in the numerous holes of the anodic oxide film formed in this way is emphasized when light is applied to the surface, and is manifested as a crystal grain pattern. It becomes a cause that a uniform external appearance is not formed in the aluminum material after the anodizing treatment.
- the present inventors made as many pores as possible generated at the interface of the aluminum metal (Al) / barrier layer (Al 2 O 3 ) as uniform as possible regardless of the crystal orientation.
- the zinc component as an aluminum material: 0.05 to 1% by mass, inevitable impurities: 0.02% by mass or less, and the balance: a specific zinc addition having an alloy composition of aluminum
- the porous layer has holes that have a uniform shape in the subsequent anodic oxidation treatment, regardless of the crystal grain orientation. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of crystal grain patterns in the aluminum material after anodization as much as possible and to form a uniform anodic oxide film with few defects.
- the present invention has been completed.
- an object of the present invention to provide a surface-treated aluminum material having a uniform porous porous anodized film in which the crystal grain pattern after the anodizing treatment is not visually recognized.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel zinc-added aluminum alloy suitable for producing a surface-treated aluminum material having a uniform porous type porous anodic oxide film in which the crystal grain pattern after anodizing treatment is not visually recognized. Is to provide.
- the present invention is a surface-treated aluminum material having an aluminum alloy base material and an anodized film formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy base material.
- the aluminum alloy base material has a Zn component of 0.05 to 1% by mass, unavoidable impurities.
- the present invention is an aluminum alloy obtained by adding Zn to high-purity aluminum, the Zn component being 0.05 to 1% by mass, inevitable impurities being 0.02% by mass or less, and the balance being aluminum.
- a zinc-added aluminum alloy characterized by
- the surface-treated aluminum material of the present invention is obtained by anodizing an aluminum alloy substrate made of a zinc-added aluminum alloy.
- the zinc-added aluminum alloy has a Zn component of 0.05% by mass to 1% by mass, preferably 0.25% by mass or more and 0.8% by mass or less, and inevitable impurities other than Zn component such as Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Ti, Mg, Ni are 0.02% by mass or less, preferably Is 0.01% by mass or less, and the balance is aluminum.
- the Zn component when the Zn component is less than 0.05% by mass, a difference occurs when holes are generated due to the orientation of crystal grains, and the effect of suppressing the manifestation of crystal grain patterns
- the Zn component exceeds 1% by mass, the anodized film may be locally dissolved and defects may occur on the surface.
- the inevitable impurities other than this Zn component exceed 0.02 mass%, the local dissolution of the film caused by the second phase particles, the occurrence of a part where the film is not formed, and the like as compared with the material having a high Al purity. As a result, a uniform anodic oxide film cannot be formed over a wide area.
- inevitable impurities for example, Fe, Si, Cu, Ni, Ti
- whose potential is noble with respect to Al there is a possibility of causing local dissolution in the film by anodizing treatment. It is desirable that it is less than mass%.
- the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate may be planarized by cutting, buffing, electrolytic polishing, chemical polishing, or the like, and the shape thereof is not particularly limited.
- a wrought material such as a cast material, an extruded material, a plate material, and a roll material can be exemplified.
- the present invention is effective because the crystal grain pattern is easily revealed by anodizing.
- the method for producing the zinc-added aluminum alloy used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the alloy composition of the zinc-added aluminum alloy described above can be achieved.
- a gravity casting method for producing a cast material using a mold such as a book mold / boat shape, for example, a DC casting method for producing a cylindrical billet, a rectangular parallelepiped slab, etc., for example, a plate-shaped ingot, etc.
- a zinc-added aluminum alloy having a predetermined alloy composition may be prepared by adding Zn.
- the shape of a rod, a roll, etc. using the cylindrical billet obtained by the gravity casting method which manufactures the above-mentioned casting material, or the above-mentioned DC casting method is preferably mentioned.
- Extrusion method for obtaining an aluminum alloy wrought material, hot or cold rolling method for obtaining a plate material using a rectangular parallelepiped slab obtained by the above-mentioned DC casting method, and plate shape obtained by the above-mentioned continuous casting method The cold rolling method etc. which obtain a board and foil using an ingot can be mentioned.
- an anodized film is formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate made of the above zinc-added aluminum alloy by anodizing treatment.
- the anodic oxidation treatment at this time is not particularly limited. However, since the present invention is particularly effective for a porous anodic oxide film in which a crystal grain pattern is easily revealed, this porous oxidization treatment is preferably used.
- This is an anodizing treatment in which a polybasic acid aqueous solution that produces a type anodized film is used as a treatment bath.
- the polybasic acid aqueous solution used as a treatment bath in the anodizing treatment for forming the porous anodic oxide film is not particularly limited, and examples of the polybasic acid constituting the treatment bath include sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. , Mineral acids such as chromic acid, and organic acids such as oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, and the concentration of the polybasic acid in the treatment bath using these polybasic acids (polybasic acid aqueous solution)
- sulfuric acid it is 10% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less, preferably 14% by weight or more and 18% by weight or less.
- the anodizing treatment conditions using the polybasic acid aqueous solution as the treatment bath are not particularly limited, and the normal anodizing treatment, particularly the porous anodizing using the polybasic acid aqueous solution as the treatment bath.
- the treatment bath temperature is 18 ° C.
- the treatment voltage is 10 to 15 V
- the film thickness is about 1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- an anodized film is formed on the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate formed of a zinc-added aluminum alloy having a specific alloy composition, and the appearance of the crystal grain pattern is not manifested. It is excellent in uniformity, and can be easily manufactured industrially. Particularly, it is a housing member, bicycle member, vehicle member, decorative member, optical product member, architecture, where the appearance uniformity is important. It is preferably used in applications such as product members, product members for anodization such as plates and rolls, and rolls for printing.
- Example 1 A book mold mold in which 3.25 g of 99.9999% Zn was added to 6.5 kg of high-purity aluminum having a purity of 99.99%, dissolved in an experimental crucible at 720 ° C., and preheated to 150 ° C.
- the aluminum alloy base material made of the zinc-added aluminum alloy of Example 1 was obtained by casting into a mold 30 t ⁇ 150 w ⁇ 190 l using a weight casting method.
- Example 2 16.25 g of 99.9999% Zn was added to 6.5 kg of high-purity aluminum having a purity of 99.99%, and an aluminum alloy substrate made of the zinc-added aluminum alloy of Example 2 in the same manner as in Example 1. Then, the alloy composition was examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 Aluminum alloy base material comprising the zinc-added aluminum alloy of Example 3 in the same manner as in Example 1 by adding 32.50 g of 99.9999% Zn to 6.5 kg of high-purity aluminum having a purity of 99.99% Then, the alloy composition was examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 Aluminum alloy base material comprising the zinc-added aluminum alloy of Example 4 by adding 65.00 g of 99.9999% Zn to 6.5 kg of high-purity aluminum having a purity of 99.99% Then, the alloy composition was examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 Aluminum alloy base material comprising the zinc-added aluminum alloy of Example 5 in the same manner as in Example 1 by adding 65.00 g of 99.5% Zn to 6.5 kg of high-purity aluminum having a purity of 99.99% Then, the alloy composition was examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 1 A book mold mold in which 0.65 g of 99.9999% Zn was added to 6.5 kg of high-purity aluminum having a purity of 99.99%, dissolved in a laboratory crucible at 720 ° C., and preheated to 150 ° C.
- the aluminum alloy base material made of the zinc-added aluminum alloy of Comparative Example 1 was obtained by casting into a mold 30 t ⁇ 150 w ⁇ 190 l using a weight casting method.
- Comparative Example 2 130 g of 99.9999% Zn was added to 6.5 kg of high-purity aluminum having a purity of 99.99%, and an aluminum alloy substrate made of the zinc-added aluminum alloy of Comparative Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as Comparative Example 1. After that, the alloy composition was examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 to 26 An aluminum piece having a size of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 10 mm is cut out from the aluminum alloy base material of each of Examples 1 to 5 shown in Table 2 and flattened to a surface roughness Rt ⁇ 200 nm by buffing, and has a specular gloss. An aluminum piece (aluminum alloy base material) was obtained. The aluminum pieces having a specular gloss thus obtained were anodized with the polybasic acid aqueous solution and the treatment conditions shown in Table 2, and then washed with water and dried to perform the anodizing treatment of Examples 6 to 26. A later aluminum piece (test piece: surface-treated aluminum material) was obtained.
- ⁇ Anodized film is uniform and free of defects
- ⁇ 1-10 defects of anodized film with a size of 5 ⁇ m or less are observed in the field of view, but defects of 5 ⁇ m or more are not observed
- ⁇ Field of view 10 or more defects of an anodized film having a size of 5 ⁇ m or less are observed in the inside, or one or more defects having a size of 5 ⁇ m or more are observed, or a uniform anodized film is formed. None. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Examples 8 to 14 Using the aluminum alloy substrates of Comparative Examples 1 to 7 shown in Table 3, comparative aluminum pieces (aluminum alloy substrates) of Comparative Examples 8 to 14 were prepared in the same manner as in Examples 6 to 26, Next, the obtained comparative aluminum pieces of Comparative Examples 8 to 14 were anodized in a treatment bath of 2 wt% -oxalic acid (20 ° C.) under a treatment condition of a voltage of 40 V and an electric quantity of 20 C / cm 2 , After washing with water and drying, comparative aluminum pieces (comparative test pieces: surface-treated aluminum material) after anodizing treatment of Comparative Examples 8 to 14 were obtained.
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明の目的は、陽極酸化処理後の結晶粒模様が視認されず、均一なポーラス型の多孔性陽極酸化皮膜を有する表面処理アルミニウム材を製造するのに適した新規な亜鉛添加アルミニウム合金を提供することにある。
純度99.99%の高純度アルミニウム6.5kgに、純度99.9999%のZnを3.25g添加し、720℃の実験用るつぼ中で溶解させた後、150℃に予熱させたブックモールド型の金型30t×150w×190lに重量鋳造法を用いて鋳込み、実施例1の亜鉛添加アルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム合金基材を得た。得られたアルミニウム合金基材について、グロー放電質量分析法(GD-MS法;装置:VG ELEMENTAL社製 VG9000型)によって合金組成を調べたところ、Zn:0.05%、Si:0.003%、Fe:0.001%、Cu:<0.001%、Mn:0.001%、Mg:0.003%、その他:0.002%、Al:残部であった。結果を表1に示す。
純度99.99%の高純度アルミニウム6.5kgに、純度99.9999%のZnを16.25g添加し、実施例1と同様の方法で実施例2の亜鉛添加アルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム合金基材を得た後、その合金組成を調べた。結果を表1に示す。
純度99.99%の高純度アルミニウム6.5kgに、純度99.9999%のZnを32.50g添加し、実施例1と同様の方法で実施例3の亜鉛添加アルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム合金基材を得た後、その合金組成を調べた。結果を表1に示す。
純度99.99%の高純度アルミニウム6.5kgに、純度99.9999%のZnを65.00g添加し、実施例1と同様の方法で実施例4の亜鉛添加アルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム合金基材を得た後、その合金組成を調べた。結果を表1に示す。
純度99.99%の高純度アルミニウム6.5kgに、純度99.5%のZnを65.00g添加し、実施例1と同様の方法で実施例5の亜鉛添加アルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム合金基材を得た後、その合金組成を調べた。結果を表1に示す。
純度99.99%の高純度アルミニウム6.5kgに、純度99.9999%のZnを0.65g添加し、720℃の実験用るつぼ中で溶解させた後、150℃に予熱させたブックモールド型の金型30t×150w×190lに重量鋳造法を用いて鋳込み、比較例1の亜鉛添加アルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム合金基材を得た。得られたアルミニウム合金基材について、グロー放電質量分析法(GD-MS法;装置:VG ELEMENTAL社製 VG9000型)によって合金組成を調べたところ、Zn:0.01%、Si:0.003%、Fe:0.001%、Cu:<0.001%、Mn:0.001%、Mg:0.003%、その他:0.002%、Al:残部であった。結果を表1に示す。
純度99.99%の高純度アルミニウム6.5kgに、純度99.9999%のZnを130g添加し、比較例1と同様の方法で比較例2の亜鉛添加アルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム合金基材を得た後、その合金組成を調べた。結果を表1に示す。
純度99.95%の高純度アルミニウム6.5kgに、純度99.9999%のZnを32.5g添加し、比較例1と同様の方法で比較例3の亜鉛添加アルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム合金基材を得た後、その合金組成を調べた。結果を表1に示す。
アルミニウム合金基材を形成するアルミニウム合金について、比較例4ではJIS A2024合金(Zn:0.25、Si:0.5、Fe:0.5、Cu:4、Mn:0.35、Mg:1.5、その他:0.1、残部:Al)を使用し、比較例5ではJIS A3003合金(Zn:0.1、Si:0.6、Fe:0.7、Cu:0.1、Mn:1.2、Mg:<0.001、その他:0.1、残部:Al)を使用し、比較例6ではJIS A5052合金(Zn:0.1、Si:0.25、Fe:0.4、Cu:0.1、Mn:0.1、Mg:2.5、その他:0.006、残部:Al)を使用し、また、比較例7ではJIS A6061合金(Zn:0.25、Si:0.5、Fe:0.7、Cu:0.2、Mn:0.15、Mg:0.2、その他:0.45、残部:Al)を使用した。
表2に示す各実施例1~5のアルミニウム合金基材から50mm×50mm×10mmの大きさのアルミ片を切り出し、バフ研磨処理で表面粗さRt<200nmまで平坦化処理し、鏡面光沢を有するアルミ片(アルミニウム合金基材)を得た。
このようにして得られた鏡面光沢を有するアルミ片について、表2に示す多塩基酸水溶液及び処理条件で陽極酸化処理を行い、更に、水洗し乾燥して各実施例6~26の陽極酸化処理後のアルミ片(試験片:表面処理アルミニウム材)を得た。
各実施例6~26で得られた試験片について、照度1,500Lux以上2,500Lux以下の蛍光灯下で目視観察をしたときに結晶粒模様が見えるものを×とし、また、照度1,500Lux以上2,500Lux以下の蛍光灯下で目視観察をしたときに結晶粒模様が見えないものを○とし、更に、照度15,000Lux以上20,000Lux以下のビデオライト下で目視観察をしたときに結晶粒模様が見えないものを◎とする表面観察を行い、各試験片における結晶粒模様の評価を行った。
結果を表2に示す。
各実施例6~26で得られた試験片について、およそ25μm×25μmの範囲(5000倍程度の視野に相当)を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察し、以下に示す評価基準で陽極酸化皮膜の評価を行った。◎:陽極酸化皮膜が一様で欠陥が無いもの、○:視野中に大きさ5μm以下の陽極酸化皮膜の欠陥が1~10個観察されるが5μm以上の欠陥は観察されないもの、×:視野中に大きさ5μm以下の陽極酸化皮膜の欠陥が10個以上観察されるか、又は大きさが5μm以上の欠陥が1個以上観察されるもの、あるいは、一様な陽極酸化皮膜が形成されていないもの。
結果を表2に示す。
各実施例6~26で得られた試験片について、以下に示す評価基準で総合評価を行った。○:「表面観察評価」及び「SEM観察評価」のどちらも◎又は○なもの、×:「表面観察評価」及び「SEM観察評価」のどちらかが△又は×なもの。
表3に示す各比較例1~7のアルミニウム合金基材を用い、上記実施例6~26の場合と同様にして各比較例8~14の比較アルミ片(アルミニウム合金基材)を調製し、次いで、得られた各比較例8~14の比較アルミ片について、2wt%-シュウ酸(20℃)の処理浴中、電圧40V及び電気量20C/cm2の処理条件で陽極酸化処理を行い、水洗し乾燥して各比較例8~14の陽極酸化処理後の比較アルミ片(比較試験片:表面処理アルミニウム材)を得た。
得られた各比較例8~14の比較試験片について、上記各実施例の場合と同様にして、表面観察による結晶粒模様の評価、SEM観察による陽極酸化皮膜の評価、及び総合評価を行った。
結果を表3に示す。
Claims (4)
- アルミニウム合金基材とその表面に形成された陽極酸化皮膜とを有する表面処理アルミニウム材であって、
前記アルミニウム合金基材が、Zn成分:0.05~1質量%、不可避不純物:0.02質量%以下、及び残部:アルミニウムの合金組成を有する亜鉛添加アルミニウム合金で形成されていることを特徴とする表面処理アルミニウム材。 - 前記陽極酸化皮膜が、多塩基酸水溶液を処理浴とする陽極酸化処理により形成される請求項1に記載の表面処理アルミニウム材。
- 前記アルミニウム合金基材は、前記陽極酸化処理に先駆けて、切削加工、バフ研磨、電解研磨、及び化学研磨から選ばれたいずれかの方法で平坦化処理されている請求項1又は2に記載の表面処理アルミニウム材。
- 高純度アルミニウムにZnを添加してなるアルミニウム合金であって、Zn成分が0.05~1質量%、不可避不純物が0.02質量%以下、及び残部がアルミニウムであることを特徴とする亜鉛添加アルミニウム合金。
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US15/127,533 US20170137956A1 (en) | 2014-04-02 | 2015-03-12 | Surface-treated aluminum material and zinc-supplemented aluminum alloy |
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