WO2015128970A1 - 排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定装置、および排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定方法 - Google Patents
排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定装置、および排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015128970A1 WO2015128970A1 PCT/JP2014/054713 JP2014054713W WO2015128970A1 WO 2015128970 A1 WO2015128970 A1 WO 2015128970A1 JP 2014054713 W JP2014054713 W JP 2014054713W WO 2015128970 A1 WO2015128970 A1 WO 2015128970A1
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- exhaust gas
- pressure
- measuring device
- pressure measuring
- abnormality determination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/10—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame
- G01M15/102—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases
- G01M15/106—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases using pressure sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1477—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation circuit or part of it,(e.g. comparator, PI regulator, output)
- F02D41/148—Using a plurality of comparators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
- F02D41/222—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions relating to the failure of sensors or parameter detection devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/005—Sealing rings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0812—Particle filter loading
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1445—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being related to the exhaust flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N7/00—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an abnormality determination device for an exhaust gas purification device and an abnormality determination method for an exhaust gas purification device.
- An exhaust gas purification device that removes particulate matter (Particulate Matter (PM)) in exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine with a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is provided.
- This exhaust gas purifying device includes a pressure sensor (differential pressure sensor) for detecting a differential pressure between an exhaust gas inlet side pressure and an outlet side pressure in a filter used in a DPF, and a difference detected by the pressure sensor. Based on the pressure, the amount of PM deposited on the filter is estimated.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe a configuration for determining an abnormality of a pressure sensor or a pressure introduction hose connected to the pressure sensor.
- Patent Document 1 in order to diagnose the breakage of the pressure introduction hose connected to the pressure sensor of the DPF, an abnormality determination result in the DPF based on the temperatures of the exhaust gas inlet side and the outlet side of the filter, Abnormality of hose breakage is determined using the detection result of the differential pressure by the pressure sensor.
- a switching valve is provided in a pipe connected to the outlet side of the filter so as to be open to the atmosphere, and an abnormality relating to the pressure sensor is determined based on a pressure change on the upstream side of the filter.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 it is possible to notify the operator by issuing a notification indicating the abnormality by determining that the pressure is not properly introduced into the pressure sensor or determining that the pressure sensor itself is abnormal.
- the service person can perform maintenance such as replacing the pressure sensor or the hose.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not describe anything related to an abnormality related to a pressure sensor caused by freezing, notification is made by determining that there is an abnormality regardless of the cause. For this reason, even though there is a high possibility that the abnormality will be solved by continuing the operation as it is, a service man will be called to stop the operation of the vehicle and machine and carry out the inspection, and the operation of the vehicle and machine will be stopped. The problem is that the rate drops.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an abnormality determination device for an exhaust gas purification device and an abnormality determination method for an exhaust gas purification device that can determine whether an abnormality of a pressure sensor is caused by freezing and maintain an operation rate of a vehicle or a machine. There is to do.
- An abnormality determination device for an exhaust gas purifying apparatus is provided in an exhaust passage of exhaust gas exhausted from an internal combustion engine, and a filter device for removing residual substances contained in the exhaust gas, and an exhaust gas provided in the filter device.
- An abnormality determination device for an exhaust gas purification device having a pressure measurement device for measuring gas pressure, and whether the pressure measurement device can be used based on the pressure measured by the pressure measurement device and the exhaust gas flow rate
- the availability determining unit determines whether or not the pressure measuring device is unusable.
- the frozen state determining unit determines whether the cause of the unusable use is due to freezing when the availability determining unit determines that the pressure measuring device cannot be used.
- the pressure measuring device includes a pressure sensor and a pressure introduction pipe for introducing pressure such as exhaust gas into the pressure sensor. When water vapor is condensed in the pressure measuring device and the condensed water is frozen in the pressure sensor or the pipe, the pressure is not guided to the pressure sensor and the pressure measuring device cannot correctly measure the pressure of the exhaust gas or the like.
- the pressure measuring device may be determined to be unusable due to freezing in addition to the case where it is determined that the pressure sensor is broken or the piping is damaged and thus cannot be used.
- the frozen state determination unit determines that the cause is due to freezing
- the abnormality determination unit does not indicate that the pressure sensor has failed or that the piping that introduces pressure into the pressure sensor is not damaged. Since the abnormality is caused by freezing, it can be determined that if the frozen portion is thawed, the pressure measuring device functions normally, and that the pressure measuring device is not required to be repaired or replaced. In this case, since the abnormality determination device does not notify that there is an abnormality in the pressure measurement device, the operator can continue to use the exhaust gas purification device without calling a serviceman.
- the abnormality determination unit determines that there is an abnormality in the pressure sensor itself, piping, or the like when the cause that the pressure measuring device cannot be used is not due to freezing. For this reason, the abnormality determination device can notify the operator of the abnormality, and can repair or replace the pressure sensor or the piping. Therefore, the abnormality determination unit determines that the pressure measurement device is abnormal when the availability determination unit determines that the pressure measurement device is unusable and the frozen state determination unit determines that the pressure measurement device is not frozen. Judge that there is. For this reason, when it is determined that the pressure measuring device is frozen, the abnormality determination unit does not determine that there is an abnormality, so that the operation of the vehicle or machine can be continued and the operation rate can be maintained well.
- the abnormality determination device for an exhaust gas purification apparatus of the present invention may further include an abnormality notification unit that notifies the abnormality of the pressure measurement device when the abnormality determination unit determines that the pressure measurement device is abnormal. preferable.
- the present invention it is possible to notify the operator of an abnormality in the pressure measuring device when it is not frozen. Therefore, the operator can grasp that an abnormality has occurred in the pressure measurement device for reasons other than freezing, and can stop the vehicle or the machine. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the exhaust gas purification device from being operated in a situation where an abnormality exists in the pressure measuring device.
- the pressure measuring device is a pressure measuring device that measures a differential pressure between the pressure on the inlet side and the pressure on the outlet side of the exhaust gas in the filter used in the filter device.
- the availability determining unit determines whether the pressure measuring device is usable based on a differential pressure and an exhaust gas flow rate measured by the pressure measuring device.
- the clogging of the filter occurs when the accumulated amount of the collected residual substance such as PM increases, so a regeneration process is performed to remove the clogging of the filter by burning the collected residual substance. Yes.
- the accumulated amount of the residual material in the filter is usually estimated from the differential pressure measured by the pressure sensor of the pressure measuring device and the exhaust gas flow rate.
- the differential pressure with respect to the exhaust gas flow rate shows an abnormal value, so it can be easily determined that the pressure measuring device cannot be used.
- the frozen state determination unit includes a temperature sensor that measures an atmospheric temperature or a temperature of the pressure measurement device, and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is higher than a set temperature. May be determined that the pressure measuring device is not frozen.
- the frozen state determination unit includes a temperature sensor that measures the atmospheric temperature and a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the pressure measuring device, and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor (the atmospheric temperature or the temperature of the pressure measuring device). ) Is higher than the set temperature.
- the temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the pressure measuring device may be configured by incorporating a temperature sensor in the pressure sensor arrangement part or pipe of the pressure measuring device, or in a space where the pressure measuring device is arranged. Alternatively, a temperature sensor may be arranged.
- the temperature sensor for measuring the atmospheric temperature may be disposed in a place that is not easily affected by the heat of the internal combustion engine, such as a vehicle body.
- the pressure measuring device is frozen when the atmospheric temperature is low and the vehicle or machine is stopped and the exhaust gas purifying device or the pressure measuring device is cooled in the atmosphere. Therefore, if the atmospheric temperature is a temperature at which the possibility of freezing is low, for example, 10 ° C. or higher, it can be determined that the pressure measuring device will not freeze. For this reason, even if the temperature of the pressure measuring device cannot be directly measured, the possibility of the pressure measuring device freezing can be determined by measuring the atmospheric temperature.
- the frozen state determination unit has a timer for measuring an elapsed time from the start of the internal combustion engine, and when the measurement time by the timer exceeds a set time
- the pressure measuring device may be determined not to be frozen.
- the frozen state determination unit measures the elapsed time from the start of the internal combustion engine with the timer, and determines whether or not the measurement time exceeds the set time. Even if the pressure measuring device is frozen, the set time is set to a time when condensed water heated by the exhaust gas and frozen by the pressure measuring device is thawed, for example, 8 hours. Can be determined that the pressure measuring device is not frozen.
- An abnormality determination method for an exhaust gas purification apparatus is provided in an exhaust passage of exhaust gas exhausted from an internal combustion engine, a filter device for removing residual substances contained in the exhaust gas, and an exhaust gas provided in the filter device.
- An exhaust gas purifying apparatus abnormality determination method comprising a pressure measuring device for measuring a gas pressure, wherein the pressure measuring device can be used based on the pressure measured by the pressure measuring device and the exhaust gas flow rate. Determining if the pressure measuring device is unusable, determining if the pressure measuring device is frozen, and determining that the pressure measuring device is not frozen. A step of determining that there is an abnormality in the pressure measuring device.
- the same effects as the abnormality determination device can be achieved. That is, even if it is determined that the pressure measuring device cannot be used, if it is determined that the pressure measuring device is frozen, the operation of the vehicle or the machine can be continued, so that the operating rate can be maintained well.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an internal combustion engine including an abnormality determination device for an exhaust gas purification device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the block diagram which shows an abnormality determination apparatus.
- the figure which shows the relationship between exhaust gas flow volume, differential pressure
- the block diagram which shows the abnormality determination apparatus of the modification of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a diesel engine 100 as an internal combustion engine including an abnormality determination device for an exhaust gas purification device according to the present embodiment.
- a diesel engine 100 includes an engine main body 1 having a plurality of combustion chambers formed therein, an air cleaner 2 that filters inhaled air and prevents foreign substances such as dust from entering the combustion chamber, An air supply line 3 that supplies air to each combustion chamber inside the engine body 1, an exhaust line 4 that discharges exhaust gas from each combustion chamber inside the engine body 1, a cooling mechanism 5, and an exhaust turbine supercharger Machine 6, exhaust gas purification device 7, exhaust gas recirculation system 8, engine controller 30, regeneration control unit 40 as an abnormality determination device, and monitor device 50.
- the diesel engine 100 is assumed to be mounted on a construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator, a wheel loader, an off-road dump truck, but is not limited thereto.
- the diesel engine 100 may be mounted on an on-road truck, a stationary generator, or the like.
- An air supply manifold 3A is attached between the engine main body 1 and the air supply line 3 so that the air supplied from the air supply line 3 is distributed to each combustion chamber in the engine main body 1.
- An exhaust manifold 4 ⁇ / b> A is attached between the engine body 1 and the exhaust pipe 4 so that exhaust gases discharged from the combustion chambers inside the engine body 1 collectively flow into the exhaust pipe 4.
- the air supply line 3 is provided with an aftercooler 11 for cooling the air compressed by the exhaust turbine supercharger 6.
- the cooling mechanism 5 includes a pump 12 driven by a crankshaft (not shown) housed in the engine body 1. Cooling water pumped by the pump 12 cools parts that require cooling, such as the engine main body 1, the exhaust turbine supercharger 6, and an oil cooler (not shown), and is then air-cooled by a radiator 13 provided in the cooling mechanism 5. It is like that.
- the aftercooler 11 and the radiator 13 are provided in the engine main body 1 and are cooled by a fan 14 that is rotationally driven by a crankshaft or the like (not shown).
- the exhaust turbine supercharger 6 is supplied to the turbine 21 provided in the middle of the exhaust pipe 4, the compressor 22 provided in the middle of the air supply pipe 3 and connected to the turbine 21, and the turbine 21. And a variable turbo nozzle 23 for controlling the flow rate of exhaust gas.
- the exhaust turbine supercharger 6 controls the rotation speed of the turbine 21 by controlling the opening degree of the variable turbo nozzle 23.
- the compressor 22 is driven by the rotation of the turbine 21 to supply air to the engine body 1.
- the variable turbo nozzle 23 is exhausted to the exhaust gas purification device 7 side via the bypass path 24 when fully closed.
- variable turbo nozzle 23 when the variable turbo nozzle 23 is opened, the exhaust gas is supplied to the turbine impeller 21A for work, and when the variable turbo nozzle 23 is fully closed, the exhaust gas is supplied to the exhaust gas purification device 7 side via the bypass passage 24. The output is reduced to reduce the work on the turbine impeller 21A and raise the exhaust temperature.
- the exhaust gas purification device 7 is provided on the downstream side of the turbine 21 and removes PM (remaining substance) contained in the exhaust gas.
- a diesel oxidation catalyst (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)) 71 As a diesel oxidation catalyst (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)) 71, a filter device DPF 72, pressure measuring device 73, and exhaust gas temperature sensor 74.
- the DOC 71 and the DPF 72 are provided inside the cylindrical exhaust pipe, the DOC 71 is provided upstream of the exhaust pipe, and the DPF 72 is provided downstream of the exhaust pipe.
- a dosing nozzle 70 ⁇ / b> A that injects dosing fuel supplied from the dosing fuel supply device 70 is disposed between the turbine 21 and the exhaust gas purification device 7. This dosing fuel injection is performed when forced regeneration is instructed.
- the dosing fuel is the same as the fuel for operating the diesel engine 100.
- post injection may be performed by a fuel injection
- the DOC 71 is realized by Pt (platinum) or the like, and oxidizes and removes CO (carbon monoxide), HC (hydrocarbon), and SOF (organic soluble component) contained in the exhaust gas. Further, the DOC 71 oxidizes NO (nitrogen monoxide) contained in the exhaust gas to change it to NO 2 (nitrogen dioxide), and further oxidizes the dosing fuel injected from the dosing nozzle 70A to adjust the exhaust gas temperature. Raise.
- the DPF 72 has a Catalystd Soot Filter (CSF) 72A as a filter for collecting PM.
- the CSF 72A is realized using silicon carbide, alumina, or the like as a base material.
- PM contained in the exhaust gas is collected when passing through a fine hole formed in the CSF 72A.
- cells having fine flow paths along the exhaust gas flow direction are densely arranged in a cylindrical exhaust pipe.
- it is a wall flow type
- the collected PM is oxidized (combusted) by oxygen contained in the exhaust gas and NO 2 generated by the DOC 71 on condition that the exhaust gas has a temperature at which the oxidation reaction can proceed. .
- the pressure measuring device 73 is introduced through a pipe 731 connected to the upstream side of the CSF 72A, a pipe 732 connected to the downstream side of the CSF 72A, and the pressure on the inlet side of exhaust gas introduced through the pipe 731 and the pipe 732.
- a pressure sensor 733 that measures the differential pressure of the outlet side of the exhaust gas, outputs the measured differential pressure (pressure) to the regeneration control unit 40, and measures the pressure introduced through the pipe 732 to measure the regeneration control unit 40.
- an outlet pressure sensor 734 that outputs to the output.
- an atmospheric pressure sensor 735 is attached to the vehicle body of the construction machine on which the diesel engine 100 is mounted. The atmospheric pressure sensor 735 also outputs the measured pressure (atmospheric pressure) to the regeneration control unit 40.
- the exhaust gas temperature sensor 74 is disposed on the upstream side of the CSF 72A, detects the exhaust temperature at the inlet of the CSF 72A, and outputs it to the regeneration control unit 40 as the DPF temperature.
- An atmospheric temperature sensor 75 is attached to the vehicle body of the construction machine. The atmospheric temperature sensor 75 measures the temperature of the atmosphere outside the vehicle body and outputs it to the regeneration control unit 40 as the atmospheric temperature.
- the exhaust gas recirculation system 8 includes an exhaust gas recirculation passage 31 that communicates the exhaust manifold 4 ⁇ / b> A and the air supply line 3.
- the exhaust gas recirculation passage 31 extracts a part of the exhaust gas from the exhaust manifold 4 ⁇ / b> A and recirculates it to the air supply line 3.
- the exhaust gas recirculation passage 31 is provided with an EGR valve 32 that opens and closes the exhaust gas recirculation passage 31, and an EGR cooler 33 that cools the exhaust gas from the exhaust manifold 4A.
- the exhaust gas recirculation system 8 recirculates a part of the exhaust gas to the intake manifold 3A via the exhaust gas recirculation passage 31, thereby reducing the oxygen concentration in the supply air and lowering the combustion temperature of the engine body 1. Thereby, the amount of nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas can be reduced.
- the diesel engine 100 includes a flow sensor 105.
- the flow sensor 105 is configured as a mass flow sensor, detects an intake mass flow rate of air supplied to the engine body 1, and inputs a signal indicating the intake mass flow rate to the engine controller 30.
- the engine controller 30 adjusts the fuel injection amount, the fuel injection timing, the EGR valve 32, and the variable turbo nozzle 23 according to the input value of the input unit according to the request of the operator such as an accelerator pedal (not shown) to adjust the engine speed and
- the fuel injection amount, fuel injection timing, EGR valve 32, and variable turbo nozzle 23 are adjusted in accordance with an instruction from the regeneration control unit 40 to increase the exhaust temperature, and then dosing fuel is injected from the dosing nozzle 70A.
- forced regeneration control is performed.
- the engine controller 30 suppresses the fuel injection amount and raises the exhaust temperature by closing the EGR valve 32 and the variable turbo nozzle 23, respectively.
- the regeneration control unit 40 includes a differential pressure accumulation amount calculation unit 41, a model accumulation amount calculation unit 42, a regeneration instruction unit 43, an availability determination unit 44, a frozen state determination unit 45, an abnormality determination unit 46, An abnormality notification unit 47 is provided.
- the regeneration control unit 40 calculates an estimated value of the PM deposition amount deposited on the CSF 72A by the differential pressure deposition amount calculation unit 41 or the model deposition amount calculation unit 42, and when the PM deposition amount exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the regeneration control unit 40 regenerates the CSF 72A. Is output to the engine controller 30. Further, the regeneration control unit 40 causes the engine controller 30 to perform manual forced regeneration when a manual regeneration instruction is issued through the monitor device 50.
- the regeneration control unit 40 determines whether there is an abnormality in the pressure measuring device 73, and notifies that when it determines that there is an abnormality.
- the regeneration control unit 40 is provided outside the engine controller 30, but the regeneration control unit 40 may be provided inside the engine controller 30.
- the differential pressure accumulation amount calculation unit 41 includes a differential pressure DP measured by the pressure sensor 733 of the pressure measuring device 73, a DPF downstream pressure Pd measured by the outlet pressure sensor 734, and a large pressure measured by the atmospheric pressure sensor 735.
- the atmospheric pressure Pa, the DPF temperature T measured by the exhaust gas temperature sensor 74, and the exhaust gas flow rate information output from the engine controller 30 are input.
- the exhaust gas flow rate information is an exhaust mass flow rate m obtained by adding the intake mass flow rate detected by the flow rate sensor 105 and the fuel mass flow rate estimated from the fuel injection amount.
- the differential pressure accumulation amount calculation unit 41 is based on the exhaust mass flow rate m, the DPF temperature T, the DPF upstream pressure Pu, and the known gas constant R input from the engine controller 30, and the following equation (1)
- the calculated exhaust gas flow rate V is a volume flow rate.
- Pu ⁇ V m ⁇ R ⁇ T (1)
- the DPF upstream pressure Pu is a pressure obtained by adding the atmospheric pressure Pa, the DPF downstream pressure Pd, which is a gauge pressure, and the differential pressure DP, and is an absolute pressure.
- the differential pressure accumulation amount calculation unit 41 has a three-dimensional map showing the relationship between the calculated exhaust gas flow rate V, the differential pressure DP, and the PM accumulation amount, and uses the exhaust gas flow rate V and the differential pressure DP as input values.
- Output PM deposition amount is a diagram showing the relationship between the exhaust gas flow rate V and the differential pressure DP using the PM accumulation amount as a parameter.
- the PM deposition amount increases as the differential pressure DP increases.
- the differential pressure DP is constant, the PM deposition amount decreases as the exhaust gas flow rate V increases. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, when the exhaust gas flow rate is V1 and the differential pressures are DP1 to DP4, the PM accumulation amounts are P1 to P4, respectively.
- the differential pressure accumulation amount calculation unit 41 outputs the estimated PM accumulation amount to the regeneration instruction unit 43 as the differential pressure accumulation amount PMa.
- Model accumulation calculation unit 2 uses the intake mass flow rate, the fuel mass flow rate, and the injection timing information output from the engine controller 30 and the DPF temperature T output from the exhaust gas temperature sensor 74.
- the theoretical PM deposition amount is calculated by a predetermined combustion model, and this PM deposition amount is output to the regeneration instruction unit 43 as a model deposition amount PMb. Therefore, the model accumulation amount calculation unit 42 can estimate the PM accumulation amount without using the differential pressure DP of the pressure sensor 733.
- the regeneration instructing unit 43 performs automatic regeneration processing on the engine controller 30 based on the differential pressure accumulation amount PMa calculated by the differential pressure accumulation amount calculation unit 41 or the model accumulation amount PMb calculated by the model accumulation amount calculation unit 42. Instruct. In addition, when the accumulation amounts PMa and PMb exceed the preset threshold value PMth, the regeneration instruction unit 43 outputs an instruction to the monitor device 50 that manual forced regeneration should be performed, and the operator manually operates the monitor device 50. When an operation for instructing forced regeneration is performed, the engine controller 30 is instructed to perform manual forced regeneration control.
- the deposition level L4 shown in FIG. 3 is set as the threshold value PMth.
- the regeneration instructing unit 43 determines that the differential pressure accumulation amount PMa calculated by the differential pressure accumulation amount calculating unit 41 is equal to the threshold PMth. If (deposition level L4) is exceeded, the monitor device 50 is instructed that manual forced regeneration should be performed.
- the regeneration instruction unit 43 includes a model accumulation amount calculation unit.
- the monitor device 50 When the model accumulation amount PMb calculated in 42 exceeds the threshold PMth of the PM accumulation amount obtained from the combustion model, the monitor device 50 is instructed to perform manual forced regeneration. Furthermore, when there is a notification of completion of the manual forced regeneration instruction, the regeneration instruction unit 43 displays that fact on the monitor device 50.
- the usability determining unit 44 determines whether the pressure measuring device 73 (FIG. 1) is in a normal state, that is, in a usable state. That is, from the diagram shown in FIG. 3, the usability determination unit 44 detects that the PM accumulation amount obtained from the exhaust gas flow rate V and the differential pressure DP is less than the accumulation level L1 and is detected as a value in the region R1. And when the pressure is detected as a value in the region R2 exceeding the deposition level L4, the differential pressure DP measured by the pressure measuring device 73 is an abnormal value, the pressure measuring device 73 is not in a normal state, and the pressure measuring device 73 is determined to be unusable. The availability determining unit 44 outputs a determination result as to whether the pressure measuring device 73 is usable or unusable to the abnormality determining unit 46.
- the usability determining unit 44 it can be assumed that the pressure measuring device 73 is determined to be unusable due to freezing or when the pressure measuring device 73 fails.
- the cause of freezing is that condensed water freezes in the pipes 731 and 732 and the pressure of the exhaust gas is not introduced into the pressure measuring device 73, or condensed water adhering to the pressure receiving portion of the pressure sensor 733 freezes. This is the case when the pressure sensor 733 is in a state of receiving some external force.
- the usability determining unit 44 determines that the pressure measuring device 73 cannot be used.
- the pressure sensor 733 fails or the pipes 731 and 732 are damaged the differential pressure DP becomes an abnormal value. Even in such a case, the availability determining unit 44 determines that the pressure measuring device 73 cannot be used.
- the frozen state determination unit 45 determines whether or not the pressure measuring device 73 may be frozen.
- the frozen state determination unit 45 compares the atmospheric temperature Ta measured by the atmospheric temperature sensor 75 provided at an appropriate position of the construction machine with a preset set temperature Td for determination.
- the frozen state determination unit 45 sets a temperature at which it can be estimated that freezing has not occurred, for example, 10 ° C., as the set temperature Td.
- the frozen state determination unit 45 determines that the pressure measuring device 73 may be frozen when the atmospheric temperature Ta is lower than the set temperature Td.
- the frozen state determination unit 45 outputs the determination result to the abnormality determination unit 46. Since the atmospheric temperature Ta is frequently used as a parameter for engine control and other controls, the atmospheric temperature sensor 75 is often installed in construction machines. Therefore, it is not necessary to newly provide an atmospheric temperature sensor 75 for measuring the atmospheric temperature Ta used for freezing determination.
- the abnormality determination unit 46 determines whether or not the pressure measurement device 73 (see FIG. 5) is based on the determination result of the pressure measurement device 73 output from the availability determination unit 44 and the determination result of the frozen state output from the frozen state determination unit 45. It is determined whether there is an abnormality in 1). Then, the abnormality determination unit 46 outputs the determination result to the reproduction instruction unit 43 and the abnormality notification unit 47. That is, when the pressure measuring device 73 determines that the pressure measuring device 73 is usable by the usability determining unit 44, the pressure measuring device 73 determines that the pressure measuring device 73 is operating normally and that there is no abnormality, and displays the determination result. The data is output to the reproduction instruction unit 43. In this case, since the pressure measuring device 73 is normal, the regeneration instruction unit 43 performs regeneration control based on the differential pressure accumulation amount PMa of the differential pressure accumulation amount calculation unit 41 that uses the differential pressure DP measured by the pressure sensor 733. I do.
- the pressure measuring device 73 determines that the pressure measuring device 73 cannot be used by the availability determining unit 44 and the frozen state determining unit 45 determines that the pressure measuring device 73 is not in the frozen state, the pressure measuring device 73 ( It is determined that there is an abnormality in the pressure sensor 733 and the pipes 731 and 732), and the determination result is output to the engine controller 30, the regeneration instruction unit 43, and the abnormality notification unit 47.
- the regeneration instruction unit 43 prohibits the regeneration process because appropriate regeneration processing cannot be performed.
- the abnormality notification unit 47 displays a caution indicating that the pressure measuring device 73 has an abnormality on the monitor device 50.
- the operator can call a service person and request maintenance of the pressure measuring device 73. Furthermore, the engine controller 30 is prohibited from performing the regeneration process, and reduces the output of the engine main body 1 by a predetermined rate in order to notify the operator who overlooked the caution display.
- the abnormality determining unit 46 determines that the pressure measuring device 73 is not used when the pressure measuring device 73 is determined to be unusable by the availability determining unit 44 and the frozen state determining unit 45 determines that the pressure measuring device 73 is frozen. It is determined that it has become unusable because it is frozen, and the determination result is output to the reproduction instruction unit 43. In this case, the regeneration instruction unit 43 performs regeneration control based on the model accumulation amount PMb of the model accumulation amount calculation unit 42 because the pressure measuring device 73 is frozen. On the other hand, the monitoring device 50 is not notified that the pressure measuring device 73 is abnormal.
- abnormality notification unit 47 If the abnormality determination unit 47 determines that there is an abnormality, the abnormality notification unit 47 notifies the monitor device 50 that the pressure measurement device 73 is abnormal and notifies the operator.
- the abnormality determination method of the exhaust gas purification device 7 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the engine controller 30 and the regeneration control unit 40 are activated by the power from the battery (step S1).
- the differential pressure accumulation amount calculation unit 41 of the regeneration control unit 40 calculates the differential pressure accumulation amount PMa.
- the differential pressure accumulation amount calculation unit 41 acquires the exhaust mass flow rate m that is the exhaust gas flow rate information from the engine controller 30 (step S2), and the exhaust mass flow rate m, the DPF temperature T, and the DPF upstream pressure Pu.
- the exhaust gas flow rate V is calculated from the gas constant R (step S3), and the differential pressure DP is obtained from the pressure measuring device 73 (step S4).
- the availability determining unit 44 determines whether the pressure measuring device 73 is usable (step S5). Specifically, the availability determining unit 44 uses the pressure measuring device 73 when the exhaust gas flow rate V and the differential pressure DP are values in a region sandwiched between the accumulation levels L1 to L4 on the map shown in FIG. It is determined that it is possible (Yes in step S5), and when the value is in the region R1 less than the deposition level L1 or in the region R2 exceeding the deposition level L4, it is determined that the pressure measuring device 73 cannot be used. (No in step S5).
- step S6 the regeneration control unit 40 performs normal control (step S6). That is, the determination result of the usability determining unit 44 is output to the abnormality determining unit 46, and the abnormality determining unit 46 notifies the regeneration instructing unit 43 that the pressure measuring device 73 is usable. Since the regeneration instruction unit 43 can use the pressure measurement device 73, the differential pressure accumulation amount calculation unit 41 calculates the differential pressure accumulation amount PMa based on the actual differential pressure DP measured by the pressure measurement device 73, and The regeneration process is executed based on the differential pressure accumulation amount PMa. Thereafter, the reproduction control unit 40 repeats the processing from steps S2 to S6.
- the frozen state determining unit 45 determines whether or not the pressure measuring device 73 is in a frozen state (step S7). Specifically, if the atmospheric temperature Ta measured by the atmospheric temperature sensor 75 is lower than the set temperature Td, the frozen state determining unit 45 determines that the pressure measuring device 73 is in a frozen state (Yes in step S7). If the atmospheric temperature Ta is equal to or higher than the set temperature Td, the pressure measuring device 73 is determined not to be in a frozen state (No in step S7).
- step S8 the regeneration control unit 40 performs control using a model (step S8). That is, the determination result of the frozen state determination unit 45 is output to the abnormality determination unit 46, and the abnormality determination unit 46 notifies the regeneration instruction unit 43 that the pressure measuring device 73 cannot be used in the frozen state. Since the pressure measuring device 73 cannot be used, the regeneration instruction unit 43 calculates the model deposition amount PMb by the model deposition amount calculation unit 42, and executes the regeneration process based on the model deposition amount PMb. Thereafter, the reproduction control unit 40 repeats the processing from steps S2 to S8.
- step S6 normal control
- step S7 when it is determined No in step S7, the pressure measuring device 73 cannot be used even though the possibility that the pressure measuring device 73 is frozen is low. Therefore, the abnormality determination unit 46 determines that an abnormality has occurred in the pressure measurement device 73 because the pressure sensor 733 has failed or the pipes 731 and 732 have been damaged (step S9). Then, the abnormality notification unit 47 notifies the monitor device 50 of the abnormality (step S10). For this reason, the operator can call a service man to request maintenance of the pressure measuring device 73. Furthermore, the abnormality determination unit 46 notifies the engine controller 30 and the regeneration instruction unit 43 that an abnormality has occurred in the pressure measuring device 73. In addition, the engine controller 30 is prohibited from performing regeneration processing, and reduces the output of the engine main body 1 by a predetermined rate in order to notify the operator who overlooked the caution display.
- step S1 and step S2 are repeatedly executed.
- the frozen state determining unit 45 determines that the pressure measuring device 73 is frozen.
- the abnormality determination unit 46 does not determine that the pressure measuring device 73 is abnormal, and the regeneration control unit 40 continues the control based on the model deposition amount PMb calculated by the model deposition amount calculation unit 42. For this reason, operation of a work vehicle can be continued and an operation rate can be maintained favorable.
- the frozen state determination unit 45 determines whether the pressure measuring device 73 is frozen by comparing the atmospheric temperature Ta with the set temperature Td, but is not limited thereto.
- a timer 76 capable of measuring the elapsed time from the start of the diesel engine 100 (including the key ON state) is provided instead of the atmospheric temperature sensor 75, and the freezing state determination unit of the regeneration control unit 40A is provided. 45A may determine that the pressure measuring device 73 is not frozen when the measurement time Ha by the timer 76 exceeds the set time Hd.
- step S11 the timer 76 starts measurement (step S11).
- the frozen state determination unit 45A freezes the pressure measurement device 73. It is determined that there is a possibility that the control has been performed, and control by the model is performed (step S8).
- the frozen state determination unit 45A is not likely to freeze the pressure measurement device 73. Therefore, it is determined that there is an abnormality in the pressure measuring device 73 itself (step S9). Therefore, the set time Hd may be set to a time sufficient for the frozen pressure measuring device 73 to thaw with heat such as exhaust gas, for example, 8 hours. In this modified example, since the frozen state can be determined without providing the atmospheric temperature sensor 75, it can be easily applied to a vehicle that does not include the atmospheric temperature sensor 75.
- the atmospheric temperature Ta used for the determination of the frozen state has been described as being obtained from the atmospheric temperature sensor 75 originally used in the work vehicle.
- An ambient temperature obtained from the ambient temperature sensor may be used.
- a temperature sensor that measures the temperature in the engine room is provided without using the atmospheric temperature sensor 75, and the frozen state is determined by estimating the temperature of the pressure measuring device 73 using the temperature measured by the temperature sensor. Good.
- a temperature sensor that directly detects the temperature of the pressure measuring device 73 for example, the temperature of the pressure sensor 733 and the pipes 731 and 732, is provided, and the frozen state determination unit 45 is in a frozen state of the pressure measuring device 73 at the measured temperature of each temperature sensor. May be determined.
- the pressure measuring device for performing the abnormality determination of the present invention is not limited to the pressure measuring device 73.
- it may be used for abnormality determination of the outlet pressure sensor 734, or when a selective reduction catalyst (Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)) is arranged downstream of the DPF 72, abnormality determination of the pressure measuring device provided in the SCR is performed. You may use it. That is, the present invention can be used when determining an abnormality in a pressure measurement device used in an exhaust gas purification device.
- SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
- the present invention can be used not only for work vehicles including construction machines such as hydraulic excavators, wheel loaders, off-road dump trucks, but also for stationary generators.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献2では、フィルタの出口側に接続された配管に切換弁を設けて大気開放可能とし、この際のフィルタ上流側の圧力変化に基づいて圧力センサに関する異常を判定する。
そして、凍結状態判定部が前記原因を凍結によるものであると判定した場合、異常判定部は、圧力センサが故障したり、圧力センサに圧力を導入する配管等に破損が生じているものではなく、凍結による異常であるため、凍結部分が解凍すれば圧力測定装置も正常に機能し、圧力測定装置の修理や交換が不要であると判定できる。この場合、異常判定装置は、圧力測定装置に異常があることを報知しないため、オペレータはサービスマンを呼ばずに排気ガス浄化装置の使用を継続できる。
これに対して、異常判定部は、圧力測定装置を使用できない原因が凍結によるものでない場合には、圧力センサ自身や配管等に異常があると判定する。このため、異常判定装置は、オペレータに対して異常を報知でき、圧力センサや配管の修理や交換を行うことができる。
従って、異常判定部は、使用可能判定部で圧力測定装置が使用不可能と判定され、かつ、凍結状態判定部で圧力測定装置は凍結していないと判定した場合に、圧力測定装置に異常があると判定する。このため、圧力測定装置が凍結していると判定された場合は、異常判定部は異常と判定しないので、車両や機械の稼働を継続でき、稼働率を良好に維持できる。
なお、圧力測定装置の温度を測定する温度センサとしては、圧力測定装置の圧力センサの配置部分や配管内に温度センサを組み込むことで構成してもよいし、圧力測定装置が配置される空間内に温度センサを配置して構成してもよい。
また、大気温度を測定する温度センサは、車両の車体などの内燃機関の熱の影響を受けにくい場所に配置すればよい。圧力測定装置が凍結する可能性があるのは、大気温度が低温のために、車両や機械を停止して排気ガス浄化装置や圧力測定装置が大気で冷却される場合である。したがって、大気温度がそもそも凍結の可能性が低い温度、たとえば10℃以上であれば、圧力測定装置は凍結しないと判定できる。このため、圧力測定装置の温度を直接測定できなくても、大気温度を測定することで、圧力測定装置が凍結する可能性を判定できる。
本発明の異常判定方法においても、前記異常判定装置と同様の作用効果を奏することができる。すなわち、圧力測定装置が使用不可能と判定されても、圧力測定装置が凍結していると判定された場合は、車両や機械の稼働を継続できるので、稼働率を良好に維持できる。
図1は、本実施形態に係る排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定装置を含む内燃機関としてのディーゼルエンジン100の概要構成を示す模式図である。
図1において、ディーゼルエンジン100は、内部に複数の燃焼室が形成されたエンジン本体1と、吸入される空気を濾過し、埃などの異物が燃焼室に混入するのを防止するエアクリーナ2と、エンジン本体1内部の各燃焼室に給気を供給する給気管路3と、エンジン本体1内部の各燃焼室からの排気ガスを排出する排気管路4と、冷却機構5と、排気タービン過給機6と、排気ガス浄化装置7と、排気再循環システム8と、エンジンコントローラ30と、異常判定装置としての再生制御部40と、モニタ装置50とを有する。
また、建設機械の車体には、大気温度センサ75が取り付けられている。大気温度センサ75は、車体外部の大気の温度を測定し、大気温度として再生制御部40に出力する。
エンジンコントローラ30は、図示しないアクセルペダルなどのオペレータの要求に応じた入力部の入力値に応じて、燃料噴射量、燃料噴射タイミング、EGRバルブ32、可変ターボノズル23を調整してエンジン回転数やトルク制御を行うとともに、再生制御部40からの指示によって、燃料噴射量、燃料噴射タイミング、EGRバルブ32、可変ターボノズル23を調整して排気温度を上昇させ、その後ドージングノズル70Aからドージング燃料を噴射することによって、強制再生制御を行う。特に、エンジンコントローラ30は、強制再生制御を行う場合、燃料噴射量を抑え、EGRバルブ32、可変ターボノズル23をそれぞれ閉にすることによって排気温度を上昇させる。
再生制御部40は、図2に示すように、差圧堆積量算出部41、モデル堆積量算出部42、再生指示部43、使用可能判定部44、凍結状態判定部45、異常判定部46、異常通知部47を有する。
再生制御部40は、差圧堆積量算出部41またはモデル堆積量算出部42でCSF72Aに堆積するPM堆積量の推定値を算出し、PM堆積量が所定の閾値を越える場合に、CSF72Aの再生を行う指示をエンジンコントローラ30に出力する。
また、再生制御部40は、モニタ装置50を通して手動再生指示があった場合に、エンジンコントローラ30に手動強制再生を行わせる。また、手動強制再生が終了した場合、その旨を通知する。
さらに、再生制御部40は、圧力測定装置73に異常があるかを判定し、異常があると判定した場合にその旨を通知する。
なお、図1では、エンジンコントローラ30の外部に再生制御部40を設けているが、エンジンコントローラ30の内部に再生制御部40を設けてもよい。
差圧堆積量算出部41には、圧力測定装置73の圧力センサ733で測定された差圧DPと、出口圧センサ734で測定されたDPF下流圧Pdと、大気圧センサ735で測定された大気圧Paと、排気ガス温度センサ74で測定されたDPF温度Tと、エンジンコントローラ30から出力される排気ガス流量情報とが入力される。排気ガス流量情報は、流量センサ105が検出した吸入質量流量と、燃料噴射量から推定される燃料質量流量とを加算した排気質量流量mである。そして、差圧堆積量算出部41は、エンジンコントローラ30から入力された排気質量流量m、前記DPF温度T、DPF上流圧Pu、既知のガス定数Rをもとに、以下の状態方程式(1)からCSF72Aに入力される排気ガス流量Vを算出する。この算出された排気ガス流量Vは、体積流量である。
Pu・V=m・R・T ・・・(1)
この際、DPF上流圧Puは、大気圧Pa、ゲージ圧であるDPF下流圧Pd、および差圧DPを加算した圧力であり、絶対圧である。
図2に示すモデル堆積量算出部42は、エンジンコントローラ30から出力される吸入質量流量、燃料質量流量、噴射タイミングの各情報と、排気ガス温度センサ74から出力されるDPF温度Tとを用いて、所定の燃焼モデルにより、理論上のPM堆積量を算出し、このPM堆積量をモデル堆積量PMbとして再生指示部43に出力する。
したがって、モデル堆積量算出部42は、圧力センサ733の差圧DPを用いずに、PM堆積量を推定できる。
再生指示部43は、差圧堆積量算出部41で算出される差圧堆積量PMa、または、モデル堆積量算出部42で算出されるモデル堆積量PMbに基づいて、エンジンコントローラ30に自動再生処理を指示する。
また、再生指示部43は、堆積量PMa,PMbがあらかじめ設定した閾値PMthを越えている場合は、モニタ装置50に手動強制再生をすべき旨の指示を出力し、オペレータがモニタ装置50で手動強制再生を指示する操作を行った場合は、エンジンコントローラ30に対して手動強制再生の制御を指示する。
一方、以下に説明する異常判定部46で圧力測定装置73が凍結していて使用不可能な状態と判定されている状況で行われるモデルによる制御では、再生指示部43は、モデル堆積量算出部42で算出されたモデル堆積量PMbが、燃焼モデルから得られるPM堆積量の閾値PMthを超えた場合に、モニタ装置50に手動強制再生をすべき旨を指示する。
さらに、再生指示部43は、手動強制再生指示の終了通知があった場合、その旨をモニタ装置50に表示する。
使用可能判定部44は、圧力測定装置73(図1)が正常な状態であるか、つまり使用可能な状態であるかを判定する。
すなわち、使用可能判定部44は、図3に示す図より、排気ガス流量Vおよび差圧DPから得られるPM堆積量が、堆積レベルL1未満であって領域R1内の値として検出された場合、および堆積レベルL4を超えた領域R2内の値として検出された場合に、圧力測定装置73で測定された差圧DPが異常値であり、圧力測定装置73が正常な状態になく、圧力測定装置73を使用できないと判定する。
使用可能判定部44は、圧力測定装置73が使用可能であるか使用不可能であるかの判定結果を、異常判定部46に出力する。
凍結が原因となるのは、配管731,732内で凝結水が凍結して排気ガスの圧力が圧力測定装置73に導入されない場合や、圧力センサ733の受圧部分に付着した凝結水が凍結して圧力センサ733が何らかの外力を受けた状態になっている場合等である。
これらの場合、圧力センサ733で測定される差圧DPが異常値となるため、使用可能判定部44は、圧力測定装置73を使用不可能であると判定する。
一方、圧力センサ733が故障したり、配管731,732が破損等した場合も、差圧DPが異常値となる。このような場合も、使用可能判定部44は、圧力測定装置73を使用不可能であると判定する。
凍結状態判定部45は、圧力測定装置73が凍結している可能性があるか否かを判定する。凍結状態判定部45は、建設機械の適宜な位置に設けられた大気温度センサ75で測定した大気温度Taと、予め設定された設定温度Tdとを比較して判定する。凍結状態判定部45は、凍結が生じていないと推定できる温度、例えば10℃を設定温度Tdとして設定する。
凍結状態判定部45は、大気温度Taが設定温度Tdよりも小さい場合に、圧力測定装置73は凍結している可能性があると判定し、大気温度Taが設定温度Td以上の場合は、圧力測定装置73は凍結していないと判定する。そして、凍結状態判定部45は、判定結果を異常判定部46に出力する。
なお、大気温度Taはエンジン制御やその他の制御のパラメータとして多用されていることから、大気温度センサ75は建設機械にもともと設置されていることが多い。従って、凍結判定に用いられる大気温度Taを測定する大気温度センサ75を新規に設ける必要はない。
異常判定部46は、使用可能判定部44から出力される圧力測定装置73の使用可能判定結果と、凍結状態判定部45から出力される凍結状態の判定結果に基づいて、圧力測定装置73(図1)に異常があるかを判定する。そして、異常判定部46は、判定結果を再生指示部43や異常通知部47に出力する。
すなわち、圧力測定装置73は、使用可能判定部44で圧力測定装置73が使用可能と判定された場合は、圧力測定装置73が正常に動作しており、異常は無いと判定し、判定結果を再生指示部43に出力する。この場合、再生指示部43は、圧力測定装置73が正常であるため、圧力センサ733で測定された差圧DPを利用する差圧堆積量算出部41の差圧堆積量PMaに基づいて再生制御を行う。
圧力測定装置73に異常があると判定された場合、再生指示部43は適切な再生処理が行えないため、再生処理を禁止する。また、異常通知部47は、モニタ装置50に圧力測定装置73に異常があることを示すコーションを表示する。これにより、オペレータはサービスマンを呼んで、圧力測定装置73のメンテナンスを依頼できる。
さらに、エンジンコントローラ30は、再生処理が禁止されており、また、コーション表示を見落としたオペレータに異常を伝えるために、エンジン本体1の出力を所定割合低下させる。
異常通知部47は、異常判定部46で異常があると判定した場合、モニタ装置50に圧力測定装置73が異常であることを発報し、オペレータに通知する。
以下に、図1~3を用いて説明した排気ガス浄化装置7の異常判定方法を図4に基づいて説明する。
オペレータがディーゼルエンジン100のキースイッチをON(オン)にすると、バッテリからの電源にてエンジンコントローラ30や再生制御部40が起動する(ステップS1)。
すると、再生制御部40(図1)の差圧堆積量算出部41は、差圧堆積量PMaを算出する。具体的には、差圧堆積量算出部41は、エンジンコントローラ30から排気ガス流量情報である排気質量流量mを取得し(ステップS2)、この排気質量流量m、DPF温度T、DPF上流圧Pu、およびガス定数Rから排気ガス流量Vを算出し(ステップS3)、圧力測定装置73から差圧DPを取得する(ステップS4)。
再生指示部43は、圧力測定装置73が使用可能であるため、圧力測定装置73で測定された実際の差圧DPに基づいて差圧堆積量算出部41で差圧堆積量PMaを算出し、差圧堆積量PMaに基づいて再生処理を実行する。以後、再生制御部40は、ステップS2からS6の処理を繰り返す。
再生指示部43は、圧力測定装置73が使用不可能であるため、モデル堆積量算出部42でモデル堆積量PMbを算出し、モデル堆積量PMbに基づいて再生処理を実行する。以後、再生制御部40は、ステップS2からS8の処理を繰り返す。
ディーゼルエンジン100の始動から時間が経過すると、排気ガスの熱で圧力測定装置73も温められ、凍結されていた凝結水が徐々に解凍される。圧力測定装置73が解凍されて使用可能な状態になると、ステップS5でYesと判定されるため、それ以降は、通常制御(ステップS6)を実行することになる。
すると、異常通知部47は、モニタ装置50に異常を報知する(ステップS10)。このため、オペレータはサービスマンを呼んで圧力測定装置73のメンテナンスを依頼できる。さらに、異常判定部46は、エンジンコントローラ30および再生指示部43に圧力測定装置73に異常が発生したことを通知する。また、エンジンコントローラ30は、再生処理が禁止されており、また、コーション表示を見落としたオペレータに異常を伝えるために、エンジン本体1の出力を所定割合低下させる。
前記実施形態では、凍結状態判定部45は、大気温度Taと設定温度Tdとの比較により圧力測定装置73が凍結しているかを判定していたが、これに限定されない。例えば、図5に示すように、大気温度センサ75の代わりにディーゼルエンジン100の始動(キーON状態を含む)からの経過時間を計測可能なタイマ76を設け、再生制御部40Aの凍結状態判定部45Aは、タイマ76による計測時間Haが設定時間Hdを超えた場合に、圧力測定装置73は凍結していないと判定してもよい。
図6に示すように、ステップS1のキーON後に、タイマ76は計測を開始する(ステップS11)。そして、ステップS5でNoと判定された場合に、凍結状態判定部45Aはタイマ76による計測時間Haが予め設定された設定時間Hd未満であれば(ステップS7AでYes)、圧力測定装置73が凍結している可能性があると判定し、モデルによる制御を行う(ステップS8)。
一方、凍結状態判定部45Aは、タイマ76による計測時間Haが予め設定された設定時間Hd以上であれば(ステップS7AでNo)、圧力測定装置73が凍結している可能性は低いため、凍結によって異常が発生しているのでは無く、圧力測定装置73自体に異常があると判定する(ステップS9)。
したがって、前記設定時間Hdは、凍結している圧力測定装置73が排気ガスなどの熱で解凍するに十分な時間、たとえば8時間に設定すればよい。この変形例では、大気温度センサ75を設けずに凍結状態を判定できるため、大気温度センサ75を備えていない車両などに容易に適用できる。
また、大気温度センサ75を用いずに、エンジンルーム内の温度を計測する温度センサを設け、この温度センサで測定される温度で圧力測定装置73の温度を推定して凍結状態を判定してもよい。さらに、圧力測定装置73の温度、例えば圧力センサ733、配管731,732の温度を直接検出する温度センサを設け、凍結状態判定部45は、各温度センサの測定温度で圧力測定装置73の凍結状態を判定してもよい。
Claims (6)
- 内燃機関から排出される排気ガスの排気通路に設けられ、排気ガスに含まれる残留物質を除去するフィルタ装置と、前記フィルタ装置に設けられて排気ガスの圧力を測定する圧力測定装置とを有した排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定装置であって、
前記圧力測定装置で測定した圧力および排気ガス流量に基づいて当該圧力測定装置が使用可能であるかを判定する使用可能判定部と、
前記圧力測定装置が凍結しているかを判定する凍結状態判定部と、
前記使用可能判定部により前記圧力測定装置が使用不可能であると判定され、かつ、前記凍結状態判定部により前記圧力測定装置が凍結していないと判定された場合に、前記圧力測定装置に異常があると判定する異常判定部とを備える
ことを特徴とする排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定装置。 - 請求項1に記載の排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定装置において、
前記異常判定部により前記圧力測定装置に異常があると判定された場合に、前記圧力測定装置の異常を通知する異常通知部をさらに備える
ことを特徴とする排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定装置。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定装置において、
前記圧力測定装置は、前記フィルタ装置に用いられるフィルタでの排気ガスの入口側の圧力および出口側の圧力の差圧を測定する圧力測定装置であり、
前記使用可能判定部は、前記圧力測定装置で測定した差圧および排気ガス流量に基づいて前記圧力測定装置が使用可能であるかを判定する
ことを特徴とする排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定装置。 - 請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定装置において、
前記凍結状態判定部は、大気温度または前記圧力測定装置の温度を測定する温度センサを有し、前記温度センサで測定された温度が設定温度よりも高い場合に、前記圧力測定装置は凍結していないと判定する
ことを特徴とする排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定装置。 - 請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定装置において、
前記凍結状態判定部は、前記内燃機関の始動からの経過時間を計測するタイマを有し、前記タイマによる計測時間が設定時間を超えた場合に、前記圧力測定装置は凍結していないと判定する
ことを特徴とする排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定装置。 - 内燃機関から排出される排気ガスの排気通路に設けられ、排気ガスに含まれる残留物質を除去するフィルタ装置と、前記フィルタ装置に設けられて排気ガスの圧力を測定する圧力測定装置とを備えた排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定方法であって、
前記圧力測定装置で測定した圧力および排気ガス流量に基づいて当該圧力測定装置が使用可能であるかを判定するステップと、
前記圧力測定装置が使用不可能であると判定された場合に、前記圧力測定装置が凍結しているかを判定するステップと、
前記圧力測定装置が凍結していないと判定された場合に、前記圧力測定装置に異常があると判定するステップとを備える
ことを特徴とする排気ガス浄化装置の異常判定方法。
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