WO2015115618A1 - 反芻動物用の経口投与剤およびそれを含む反芻動物用飼料 - Google Patents
反芻動物用の経口投与剤およびそれを含む反芻動物用飼料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015115618A1 WO2015115618A1 PCT/JP2015/052754 JP2015052754W WO2015115618A1 WO 2015115618 A1 WO2015115618 A1 WO 2015115618A1 JP 2015052754 W JP2015052754 W JP 2015052754W WO 2015115618 A1 WO2015115618 A1 WO 2015115618A1
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- ruminants
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- A61J3/00—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms
- A61J3/07—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms into the form of capsules or similar small containers for oral use
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/365—Lactones
- A61K31/375—Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C; Salts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/51—Thiamines, e.g. vitamin B1
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
- A61K35/74—Bacteria
- A61K35/741—Probiotics
- A61K35/744—Lactic acid bacteria, e.g. enterococci, pediococci, lactococci, streptococci or leuconostocs
- A61K35/747—Lactobacilli, e.g. L. acidophilus or L. brevis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4816—Wall or shell material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4833—Encapsulating processes; Filling of capsules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4841—Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/485—Inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4841—Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/4866—Organic macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4841—Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/4875—Compounds of unknown constitution, e.g. material from plants or animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K2035/11—Medicinal preparations comprising living procariotic cells
- A61K2035/115—Probiotics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oral administration agent for ruminants, particularly an oral administration agent that reaches the lower gastrointestinal tract while avoiding destruction due to rumination, and a ruminant feed containing the same.
- vitamins and / or saccharides are administered as part of prevention and / or treatment of diseases of ruminant livestock such as cattle.
- livestock for example, among four existing stomachs, 10 to 100 billion microorganisms exist per 1 g of stomach contents in the rumen. Therefore, for example, even when vitamin B1 and / or saccharides, which are frequently used in the treatment of digestive disorders and / or quick-acting nutritional supplements, are orally administered, the microorganisms decompose them, and these components in the bovine body Cannot be absorbed and used effectively. Therefore, in order to effectively absorb and use these components in the bovine body, there is only a method of intravenous injection or subcutaneous injection. However, these methods of administration require expertise and high costs.
- foods may be contaminated through processed meat and / or immature compost, etc., due to the microorganisms that cattle hold in the body.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a rumination containing at least one protective agent selected from a hardened vegetable oil or hardened animal oil having a melting point of 50 to 90 ° C., lecithin, an acidic or neutral amino acid, and water. Animal feed additive compositions are disclosed. In this technique, a mixture of fats and oils, lecithin and amino acids is formed by a granulator, solidified in water and granulated. This granulated product has a rumen (ruminal) bypass property and can promote milk production of lactating cows.
- rumen ruminal
- JP 2009-159934 A discloses ruminant feeding for protecting vitamin C in which vitamin C is primary-encapsulated with a binding coating agent and secondary encapsulated with extremely hardened oil and fat.
- a feed additive is disclosed. This additive is described as having an excellent rumen bypass rate.
- the primary encapsulated product is obtained by adding fructose and / or propylene glycol to silica and a hardened oil, and the secondary encapsulated product is a hardened pamstearn oil (see Examples in Patent Document 2). This technique is applied only to vitamin C and is difficult to apply to other functional ingredients. Also, there is a high risk of being destroyed by re-chewing.
- Patent Document 3 In Japanese translation of PCT publication No. 2009-535056 (Patent Document 3), in order to supply choline (a substance for water-soluble vitamins) to lactating cows, choline is fixed to a carrier, and then coated with hardened oil. A method for producing ruminant protective choline is described in which small particles are selected and double-coated with fats and oils. This technique is also a method specific to choline and is difficult to apply to other substances. Further, the protective choline obtained by this production method is also highly likely to be destroyed by re-chewing.
- choline a substance for water-soluble vitamins
- Patent Document 4 JP 2001-120189 A (Patent Document 4) describes a fatty acid feeding composition for ruminants. Then, when orally administering fish oil fatty acid calcium such as bonito and tuna to ruminants using this composition, the specific gravity of the fish oil fatty acid calcium is increased and the particle size thereof is reduced to 3 mm or less, so that DHA in fish oil is reduced. Alternatively, it is described that milk or meat rich in EPA can be produced. This technique is related to fish oil and its application to other ingredients is not described. Moreover, although the specific gravity and particle diameter of the composition have been specified, the breaking strength has not been studied.
- the present invention provides an orally administered drug for ruminants that avoids ruminant destruction caused by rumination and moves to the lower gastrointestinal tract without being broken down in the rumen, and disintegrates and dissolves there.
- the specific gravity is 1.17 to 2.00
- the maximum particle size and the minimum particle size are both in the range of 4 to 10 mm
- the breaking strength of the minimum particle size portion in the body temperature environment of the ruminant is 0.
- An orally administered preparation for ruminants that is 5 to 5.0 N.
- the oral administration agent is a seamless capsule comprising a nucleus, and one or more film layers covering the nucleus, The nucleus and the skin layer both contain a specific gravity adjusting agent, and the nucleus further contains a carrier and a ruminant drug, An oral administration agent for ruminants.
- the coating layer is composed of two layers, an inner coating that is in direct contact with the core and an outer coating that is the outermost layer.
- the core further includes a specific gravity adjusting agent,
- the inner coating contains an oily substance having a melting point of 45 to 90 ° C .
- the outer film is a film formed from a film composition containing a polysaccharide, a specific gravity adjusting agent, and a plasticizer.
- the orally administered preparation for ruminants, wherein the nucleus has a melting point of 32-44 ° C.
- the drugs for ruminants include herbal medicine extracts, tinctures, therapeutic agents, plant extracts, animal extracts, microbial extracts, microbial production extracts, fruit juices, functional polysaccharides, polyphenols, vitamin C, vitamin B, amino acids, microorganisms, bacteria, Selected from the group consisting of essential oils, omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, omega-9 fatty acids and combinations thereof; An oral administration agent for ruminants.
- a nuclear preparation liquid from the first nozzle is arranged concentrically and have increasing radii
- a nuclear preparation liquid from the first nozzle is arranged concentrically and have increasing radii
- a coating composition is simultaneously extruded from the third nozzle to form a composite jet, and the composite jet is released into an oil liquid
- the nuclear preparation solution includes a specific gravity adjusting agent, a carrier and a ruminant drug
- the inner film preparation liquid contains a specific gravity adjusting agent and an oily substance having a melting point of 45 to 90 ° C.
- the coating composition includes a polysaccharide, a specific gravity adjusting agent, and a plasticizer.
- a method for producing an orally administered drug for ruminants [7] An oral administration agent for ruminants prepared by the above production method, The oral administration agent for ruminants has a specific gravity of 1.17 to 2.00, the maximum particle size and the minimum particle size are both in the range of 4 to 10 mm, and the body temperature environment of the ruminant An orally administered preparation for ruminants having a breaking strength of 0.5 to 5.0 N at the minimum particle diameter portion. [8] A ruminant feed comprising the ruminant orally administered agent. [9] A method of orally administering a drug for ruminants to a ruminant, wherein the orally administered agent is orally administered to the ruminant.
- the present inventors prepared granular materials having various specific gravity and various particle sizes, and orally administered to ruminants. And it was found by experiment that the granular material orally administered has a specific gravity and a particle size that increase the amount excreted from ruminants. Based on the experimental results thus obtained, further, granules having various breaking strengths (breaking strength of the smallest part of the particle size) were prepared, and these were orally administered to ruminants, and then included in the granules. The optimal value for the breaking strength was selected by measuring the blood concentration of the drug. Based on these experiments, the optimum specific gravity, particle size, and breaking strength as an oral administration agent for ruminants were found.
- the functional component is not decomposed in the rumen of the ruminant but passes from the rumen to the fourth stomach, and the lower part after the intestine. It was confirmed by experiments that the drug was destroyed by peristaltic movement after reaching the digestive tract.
- the specific gravity, particle size, and breaking strength were found that are optimal for oral administration of ruminants.
- the functional ingredient can be effectively and effectively ingested by the ruminant.
- a drug that has been previously administered only to a ruminant by a method such as injection can be added to, for example, feed, and the lower part of the ruminant. It can be taken up to the digestive tract. Therefore, administration and ingestion of drugs to ruminants is greatly facilitated compared to conventional methods.
- the oral administration agent of the present invention can administer a drug to a ruminant animal simply by changing the type of the drug included in the core of the administration drug. Therefore, it is possible to easily prepare oral administration agents according to various drugs, and the processability and versatility are very high, and there are advantages that can be applied to various types of drugs.
- FIG. 1 to 4 are graphs showing cumulative excretion rates for each diameter when beads having different resin types, ie, beads having different specific gravities, are administered to cattle.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing data for high density polyethylene (PE) beads.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing data of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) beads.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing data for polyoxymethylene (POM) beads.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the data of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) beads.
- FIG. 5 is a comparison of four resin types of beads having a particle diameter of 6 mm. That is, it is a graph showing comparison data based on specific gravity.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing data for high density polyethylene (PE) beads.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing data of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) beads.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing data for polyoxymethylene (POM) beads.
- FIG. 6 shows blood in the case where capsules containing vitamin B1 of Examples 2 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were forcibly orally administered to 6 adult cattle using an oral administration device. It is a graph which shows a time-dependent change of the concentration of thiamine. As a control, an oral administration of an aqueous solution of vitamin B1 is also shown as a graph showing changes with time.
- FIG. 7 shows that vitamin C 30% bypass (manufactured by Wipe Tech Co., Ltd.) and the capsule of Example 8 are forcedly applied to 6 lactating cows using an oral administration device in an amount equivalent to 30 g as vitamin C. It is a graph which shows the cumulative amount of excretion of ascorbic acid in urine when it is orally administered.
- the particle size means both the maximum particle size (maximum particle size of particles) and the minimum particle size (minimum particle size of particles).
- the oral administration agent of the present invention may have various shapes, but both the maximum particle size and the minimum particle size must be within a predetermined range.
- the breaking strength in this invention means the breaking strength in 39 degreeC environment which is the body temperature of a cow.
- the oral administration agent for ruminants of the present invention has a specific gravity of 1.17 to 2.00, the maximum particle size and the minimum particle size are both in the range of 4 to 10 mm, and the minimum particle size It has been found that the fracture strength of the diameter portion needs to be 0.5 to 5.0 N.
- the specific gravity is literally the specific gravity of the whole orally administered drug, and is the weight of the orally administered drug divided by the volume.
- the specific gravity of the oral administration agent of the present invention is preferably 1.20 to 1.70, more preferably 1.25 to 1.45. When the specific gravity is less than 1.17, it is less excreted intact when administered to ruminants.
- the oral dosage form of the present invention requires that the maximum particle size and the minimum particle size are both in the range of 4 to 10 mm.
- the maximum tangible and minimum particle diameters are both preferably in the range of 5 to 9 mm, and more preferably in the range of 6 to 8 mm.
- the oral dosage form may be any shape (granular), but it contains a ruminant drug inside and is spherical to maximize the internal volume. Is preferred. In the case of a sphere, the maximum particle size and the minimum particle size are almost the same value, which is the diameter of the sphere.
- the oral dosage form of the present invention may be cubic, rectangular, conical, cylindrical, or the like, but the maximum particle size and the minimum particle size must be within the above ranges.
- the maximum particle size and the minimum particle size of the orally administered agent are values measured by performing digital processing using a microscope such as a digital microscope.
- a microscope such as a digital microscope.
- the digital microscope include VHX series (VHX-2000, VHX-5000, etc.) manufactured by KEYENCE Corporation.
- the oral dosage form of the present invention has a breaking strength of 0.5 to 5.0 N at the minimum particle size portion.
- the breaking strength is preferably 0.6 to 4.8N, and more preferably 0.7 to 4.7N.
- the breaking strength of the minimum particle diameter portion represents the ease of crushing of the orally-administered agent, and using a normal physical property measuring instrument, for example, a general physical property measuring device (Sun Scientific Co., Ltd., rheometer), in the minimum particle size direction. It can be obtained by pressing a circular plunger having a diameter of 10 mm (table speed 20 mm / min) and measuring the load required for breaking.
- the breaking strength of the smallest particle size is less than 0.5N, it can be easily crushed by ruminant chewing, or it can be lower than the convection or rumen that occurs in rumen (ruminal) and rumen during rumination. Due to stress generated during active transport to the gastrointestinal tract, orally administered drugs are destroyed before reaching the lower gastrointestinal tract, causing leakage of drugs contained in the orally administered drugs and degradation by microorganisms in the lumen. Receive. When the breaking strength of the minimum particle size portion is greater than 5.0 N, the orally administered drug is excreted as it is without being crushed by the peristaltic movement in the lower gastrointestinal tract of the ruminant, and the drug is released into the body of the ruminant I can't.
- the orally administered agent satisfies the specific gravity, the maximum particle size, the minimum particle size, and the breaking strength of the minimum particle size portion, the lower gastrointestinal tract is damaged from the stomach portion including the rumen of the ruminant. Since it arrives less frequently, it becomes easier to administer the drugs included in the orally administered drugs to ruminants.
- the orally administered agent include tablets, pills, granules and capsules, and spherical capsules having a maximum internal volume, specifically seamless capsules are particularly preferable.
- the orally administered agent of the present invention is a seamless capsule comprising a nucleus and one or more film layers covering it, and preferably contains a carrier and a ruminant drug in the composition of the nucleus.
- the seamless capsule film layer is composed of one or more film layers.
- the coating layer is preferably two layers, and preferably comprises an inner coating that is in direct contact with the core and an outer coating of the outermost layer.
- the inner film is preferably composed of a specific gravity adjusting agent and an oily substance having a melting point of 45 to 90 ° C.
- the outer film is preferably formed from a film composition containing a polysaccharide, a specific gravity adjusting agent and a plasticizer.
- Nucleus nucleus including carriers and agents.
- the carrier used for the nucleus is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance that can be diluted, retained, or supported without decomposing a ruminant drug.
- the carrier is preferably a hydrophilic or non-hydrophilic solvent having a melting point of 10 ° C. to 45 ° C., more preferably a melting point of 15 ° C. to 40 ° C. From the viewpoint of production, these carriers are preferably in a liquid state at the time of production of the seamless capsule.
- the carrier is preferably in the form of a solid when stored seamlessly or orally, from the viewpoint of storage stability. Depending on the temperature at the time of production and the temperature at the time of storage, the type of the substance used as the carrier can be appropriately set.
- a substance that becomes liquid at 15 ° C. to 45 ° C., preferably 15 ° C. to 44 ° C., more preferably 20 ° C. to 44 ° C. is suitably used.
- a carrier that is liquid at 4 ° C. to 20 ° C. is suitably used as a carrier for an orally-administered agent used in a cold region.
- a substance that is liquid at 25 to 60 ° C. is preferably used as a carrier for an orally administered agent used in the tropics.
- the carrier examples include fats and oils and derivatives thereof, fatty acid esters, hydrocarbons (eg, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.), ethers, higher alcohols, terpenes, sterols, silicones. , Beeswax and its derivatives, and phospholipids. These substances may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Fats and oils and their derivatives include soybean oil, rice oil, sesame oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, corn oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, coconut oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, cacao butter, beef fat, pork fat, horse oil, whale oil , Margarine, shortening, and hydrogenated oils thereof.
- fatty acid esters examples include glycerin fatty acid esters (for example, fatty acid monoglycerides, fatty acid diglycerides, fatty acid triglycerides, etc.), sugar fatty acid esters (such as sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, etc.).
- Fatty acids used in fatty acid esters or fatty acid esters of sugar are medium chain fatty acids (specifically, fatty acids having 8 to 12 carbon atoms), long chain fatty acids (specifically, fatty acids having 14 to 18 carbon atoms). Is preferably used, but is not limited thereto.
- hydrocarbons examples include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as petroleum ether, pentane, hexane, heptane, and octane and derivatives thereof (haloalkane and the like); and aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene and derivatives thereof.
- ethers examples include dipropyl ether and ethyl t-butyl ether.
- higher alcohols examples include decyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, and cetyl alcohol.
- Terpenes include camphor oil, thin cargo oil, ⁇ -pinene, D-limonene and the like.
- the derivatives of the fats and oils especially hydrogenated oils of the fats and oils
- medium chain fatty acids or long chains Fatty acid triglycerides or diglycerides are preferably used.
- the core may further contain an emulsifier such as glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, glycerin succinic acid fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, and lecithin as necessary. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an emulsifier such as glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, glycerin succinic acid fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, and lecithin as necessary. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ruminant drug contained in the nucleus may be any drug as long as it provides an improvement effect on ruminant growth, disease, nourishment, intestinal regulation, and the like.
- This drug may be either a water-soluble substance or a water-insoluble substance.
- ruminant drugs include medicinal extracts such as Kakachi extract and Sho-saiko-to extract; tinctures such as bitter tincture and mokko tincture; acetaminophen, mexiletine hydrochloride, acarbose, sodium cromoglycate, pravastatin sodium Examples of such agents are as follows.
- plant extracts such as plum extract, rahan fruit extract, pomegranate extract, blueberry extract; animal extracts such as shijimi extract; microbial extracts such as yeast extract; Substances: fruit juices such as lemon juice, apple juice, grape juice, peach juice; functional polysaccharides such as mucopolysaccharide; chlorella; peptides; polyphenols; vitamin C; vitamin B group; amino acids; lactic acid bacteria, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, radiation Useful microorganisms or bacteria such as fungi; essential oils obtained from sassafras, clove, sage, eucalyptus, damask rose, majolama, cinnamon, lemon, lime, grapefruit, and orange; ⁇ -linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosatrienoic acid , Eicosatetraenoic acid, eicosapenta
- the above carrier and ruminant drug are mixed to form a nucleus.
- the weight ratio of the drug to the carrier is up to 400 parts by weight, preferably 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carrier.
- the amount of the drug is more than 400 parts by weight, the fluidity of the core liquid at the time of seamless capsule production is lowered, and the production may be difficult.
- the core constituting the orally administered preparation of the present invention may contain a specific gravity adjusting agent for the purpose of adjusting the specific gravity of the capsule, if necessary.
- the specific gravity adjusting agent is preferably a pigment, more preferably an inorganic pigment, a lake pigment, an inorganic phosphor, etc., particularly preferably titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, ferric oxide (ferric sesquioxide), silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate. Inorganic pigments such as, but not limited to, talc, and mica.
- Specific gravity adjusters may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content in the case of using the specific gravity adjusting agent is preferably in the range of 0.1% by weight to 60% by weight, and in the range of 0.1% by weight to 50% by weight, based on the total solid weight of the core. Is more preferable.
- the core preferably has a melting point of 32 to 44 ° C, more preferably 34 to 42 ° C.
- the breaking strength of the minimum particle size portion of the orally administered drug is less than 0.5 N, and when administered to ruminants, the ruminant rumen and lower convection or rumen occur in the rumen. Due to stress generated during active transport to the gastrointestinal tract, the capsule breaks down before reaching the lower gastrointestinal tract, so that the drug contained in the capsule leaks and the rate reflected in the blood concentration is low. There is a risk.
- the breaking strength of the minimum particle size portion of the orally administered agent is greater than 5.0 N, and when administered to ruminants, the capsule is not destroyed by the peristaltic movement of the lower gastrointestinal tract.
- the capsules are likely to be excreted together with feces without being reflected in the blood concentration.
- the oral preparation of the present invention preferably has an inner coating between the core and the outer coating which is the outermost layer.
- This inner film is preferably composed of an oily substance having a melting point of 45 to 90 ° C.
- the inner film may further contain a specific gravity adjusting agent as required.
- the melting point of the oily substance constituting the inner film is more preferably 45 to 80 ° C., further preferably 50 to 70 ° C.
- the breaking strength of the obtained oral administration drug is in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 N. It can design suitably.
- oily substances examples include fats and oils, fatty acids, waxes, fatty acid esters, higher alcohols, sterols, silicones, paraffins, beeswax, phospholipids, and derivatives thereof (for example, hardened oils or partially hardened oils).
- oils and derivatives thereof examples include substances having a melting point of 45 to 90 ° C. These substances may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, one or more selected from the group consisting of fats and oils and derivatives thereof, fatty acids and waxes are preferably used as the oily substance.
- fats and oils and derivatives thereof for example, cacao butter, beef tallow, pork tallow, horse oil, whale oil, margarine, shortening, rice hardened oil (for example, rice extremely hardened oil and rice semi-hardened oil, etc.), hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated Rapeseed oil, hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated palm kernel oil, hydrogenated fish oil and the like.
- cacao butter beef tallow, pork tallow, horse oil, whale oil, margarine, shortening
- rice hardened oil for example, rice extremely hardened oil and rice semi-hardened oil, etc.
- hydrogenated castor oil hydrogenated Rapeseed oil
- palm oil hydrogenated palm kernel oil
- hydrogenated fish oil hydrogenated fish oil and the like.
- fatty acids examples include palmitic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, and the like.
- waxes examples include rice wax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, and paraffin wax.
- oils and fats mentioned in the above carrier such as fatty acid esters or higher alcohols, may be mixed with the oily substance. However, it should be used in such an amount that the melting point of the inner coating is 45 to 90 ° C.
- the inner coat may further contain an emulsifier such as glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, and lecithin as necessary. These emulsifiers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the inner film may contain a specific gravity adjusting agent as required.
- a specific gravity adjusting agent those described in the explanation of the core are preferably used.
- the content is preferably 0.1% by weight to 60% by weight, more preferably 0.1% by weight to 50% by weight, based on the total solid weight of the inner coating. preferable.
- the outer coating a coating normally used as the outermost layer of the seamless capsule can be used.
- the outer coating include an outer coating formed from a coating composition containing a polysaccharide, a specific gravity adjusting agent, and a plasticizer.
- polysaccharide examples include, but are not limited to, dextrin, starch, agar, carrageenan, gum arabic, gellan gum, xanthan gum, pectin, alginic acid, and derivatives thereof. These polysaccharides are components that form a film. These polysaccharides are preferably in the range of 50 wt% to 95 wt%, more preferably in the range of 50 wt% to 90 wt%, based on the total solid weight of the capsule coating composition.
- Plasticizers are generally used for the purpose of changing the properties of the resulting film.
- polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, sugar alcohols such as maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol and erythritol, or trehalose are preferably used.
- a plasticizer may be used independently and may be used in combination of 2 or more. When the plasticizer is used, the content is preferably in the range of 1% to 40% by weight based on the total solid weight of the capsule coating composition, and in the range of 5% to 30% by weight. Is more preferable.
- the specific gravity adjusting agent is used for the purpose of adjusting the specific gravity of the capsule.
- the specific gravity adjusting agent is preferably a pigment, more preferably an inorganic pigment, a lake pigment, or an inorganic phosphor, particularly preferably titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, ferric oxide (iron sesquioxide), silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, talc. , And inorganic pigments such as mica, but are not limited thereto.
- Specific gravity adjusters may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the specific gravity adjusting agent can be used at a ratio of, for example, 0.1 wt% to 60 wt%, preferably 0.1 wt% to 50 wt%, based on the total solid content weight of the capsule coating composition.
- the outer film of the present invention may contain various additives usually used in this field, such as fragrances, sweeteners, colorants, and preservatives such as parabens, in addition to the above composition, as necessary.
- additives usually used in this field, such as fragrances, sweeteners, colorants, and preservatives such as parabens, in addition to the above composition, as necessary.
- the total content of all additives is, for example, 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight, preferably 0.8%, based on the total solid content in the capsule film composition. 1% to 5% by weight.
- the orally administered agent for ruminants of the present invention is preferably a seamless capsule.
- the seamless capsule is, for example, a method of continuously producing seamless capsules by a dropping method using multiple nozzles, such as Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 58-22062, 59-131355, and 3-52639.
- the methods described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 5-031352 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-069867 can be mentioned, but the method is not necessarily limited to these methods.
- the seamless capsule can be manufactured, for example, by a dropping method using multiple nozzles.
- a double or more concentric multiple nozzle can be used, and a triple concentric multiple nozzle can be preferably used.
- the dropping method using a triple concentric multiple nozzle for example, from the innermost nozzle of the triple concentric multiple nozzle, the core preparation liquid used for the preparation of the core, and from the intermediate nozzle, the inner film preparation liquid containing an oily substance And by extruding the coating composition from the outermost nozzle into an oil liquid flowing down at a constant speed at the same time and simultaneously at a constant speed to form a composite jet and releasing it into the oil liquid.
- Seamless capsules can be continuously produced by the interfacial tension acting between the coating composition.
- the core preparation liquid contains a specific gravity adjusting agent, a carrier and a ruminant drug
- the inner film preparation liquid contains a specific gravity adjusting agent and an oily substance having a melting point of 45 to 90 ° C.
- the product preferably contains a polysaccharide, a specific gravity adjusting agent and a plasticizer.
- a concentric multiple nozzle that discharges the core preparation liquid, the inner film preparation liquid, and the film composition is heated to a temperature at which the viscosity of these liquids and composition is in the range of 10 mPa ⁇ s to 300 mPa ⁇ s. More preferably. Examples of such a temperature include 10 to 90 ° C. The heating temperature is more preferably 35 to 90 ° C.
- the thickness of the outer film layer is preferably in the range of 30 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m.
- the seamless capsule which is an orally administered agent for ruminants of the present invention, must be adjusted so that its specific gravity, particle size, and breaking strength at the minimum particle size portion are in a specific range.
- the specific gravity should include a specific gravity adjusting agent that increases the weight in any one or more of the three layers. Can be adjusted.
- the specific gravity adjusting agent those described in the explanation of the core can be suitably used.
- the specific gravity of the resulting seamless capsule can be adjusted by including a specific gravity adjusting agent in one or more of the core preparation liquid, the inner film preparation liquid and the film composition.
- the particle diameter can be easily adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the coolant and the amount of extrusion from the nozzle.
- the breaking strength of the seamless capsule can be adjusted, for example, by selecting suitable components and content of the coating composition that forms the outer coating. Furthermore, the fracture strength can be increased by selecting each component so that the melting point is in a relatively high range as the oily substance and core constituting the inner coating. Further, by selecting each component so that the melting point is in a relatively low range, the breaking strength can be lowered. In these selections, the melting point of the nucleus is 32 to 44 ° C., and the oily substance having a melting point of 45 to 90 ° C. is used as an oily substance constituting the inner coat, so that it can be used as an orally administered drug for ruminants. It is possible to obtain a suitable breaking strength.
- Example 1 High density polyethylene (PE) (specific gravity 0.95), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (specific gravity 1.19), polyoxymethylene (POM) (specific gravity 1.41), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (specific gravity 2. 20) 100 commercial beads with particle sizes of 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm and 12 mm, respectively, were orally ingested by 4 lactating cows. The cumulative ratio of the number of intact and excreted beads of each bead excreted in the feces is shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 are cumulative excretion rates for each diameter of beads having different resin types, that is, beads having different specific gravity, FIG. 1 is data of high density polyethylene (PE) beads, and FIG.
- PE high density polyethylene
- FIG. 2 is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
- FIG. 3 is polyoxymethylene (POM) bead data
- FIG. 4 is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bead data.
- FIG. 5 shows comparison data of four types of resin of beads having a particle diameter of 6 mm, that is, comparison data based on specific gravity. The diameters of these beads were measured by digital processing using a digital microscope VHX-2000 (manufactured by KEYENCE).
- the cumulative excretion rate is the highest with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads having a diameter of 6 mm, exceeding 90%.
- PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
- the particle size of the 6 mm and 8 mm beads is higher than that of 4 mm and 12 mm, and the specific gravity of 0.95 and 2.20 is poor. 1.41 is excreted at a high rate.
- Example 2 Manufacture of seamless capsules 20 parts of thiamine hydrochloride (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and 20 parts of titanium dioxide were added to hydrogenated palm kernel oil having a melting point of 34 ° C. (32-36 ° C.). ) Disperse in 60 parts of the warm melt to obtain a core preparation liquid (dispersion for core preparation). Inner film containing 70 parts of rice extremely hardened oil (melting point: 53 ° C. (52-54 ° C.), manufactured by Borso Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.) heated and melted, dispersed in 30 parts of titanium dioxide, and containing an oily substance constituting the inner film A preparation solution was obtained.
- the coating composition used for forming the outer coating 15 parts of carrageenan (manufactured by Sanki Co., Ltd.), 50.9 parts of dextrin (less than DE value 10 of Nissho Chemical Co., Ltd.), 3 parts of sorbitol (manufactured by Mitsubishi Corporation Foodtech) Then, 10 parts of titanium dioxide was dispersed in 10 parts of pectin (manufactured by Unitech Foods), 1 part of calcium chloride and 0.1 part of calcium chloride dissolved in 400 parts of purified water.
- the core preparation liquid is supplied from the first nozzle (innermost nozzle) of the concentric triple nozzle, the inner film preparation liquid is supplied from the second nozzle (intermediate nozzle) outside the first nozzle, and the film composition is supplied from the concentric triple nozzle.
- a compound jet is formed by simultaneously extruding into rapeseed oil flowing at room temperature (20 ° C.) under the condition of a concentric nozzle temperature of 50 ° C. and discharged into the oil liquid.
- a seamless capsule having a three-layer structure with an average diameter of 6 mm was prepared.
- the obtained capsules were dried by normal ventilation to obtain dry seamless capsules.
- the resulting dried seamless capsules were fractionated using a JIS test sieve (JIS Z 8801-1).
- the maximum particle size and the minimum particle size of the seamless capsule thus obtained were measured by performing digital processing using a digital microscope VHX-2000 (manufactured by KEYENCE). The measurement results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Examples 3 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 Dry seamless capsules were obtained by the same procedure as in Example 2, except that the compositions of the core, intermediate layer, and film in Examples 3 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were changed as shown in Table 1.
- L-ascorbic acid manufactured by WAKO
- Melano H1000 hydrogenated palm kernel oil manufactured by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd., melting point 38 ° C. (36-40 ° C.)
- Melano H3000 Hydrogenated palm kernel oil manufactured by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd., melting point 42 ° C. (40-44 ° C.)
- Permel 45 a fraction with a middle melting point of palm fraction oil manufactured by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.
- isooctane was used as the specific gravity standard solution, 5 ml of isooctane was placed in a 10 ml graduated cylinder, and 10 seamless capsules were introduced into each dried seamless capsule thus obtained.
- the specific gravity of the seamless capsule was determined by reading the volume and accumulating the specific gravity of isooctane in the volume. This was repeated 10 times to obtain the average specific gravity of the obtained seamless capsule. The values obtained by measuring the specific gravity are shown in Table 1.
- the breaking strength (N) of the minimum particle size portion of each of the obtained dry seamless capsules was measured using a total physical property measuring device (Sun Scientific Co., Ltd., rheometer) in a 39 ° C environment similar to bovine body temperature. It was obtained by pressing a circular plunger with a diameter of 10 mm (table speed 20 mm / min) and measuring the load required to break. Table 1 shows the average value of the breaking strength measured for 20 capsules of the same specification.
- the capsules of Examples 2 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 thus obtained were forcibly orally administered to 6 adult cattle in an amount corresponding to 30 g as vitamin B1 using an oral administration device. Thereafter, blood was collected from the jugular vein over time every 3 hours, and 1800 ⁇ l of 5% trichloroacetic acid was dissolved in 900 ⁇ l of whole blood (10 g of trichloroacetic acid was dissolved in 100 ml of ultrapure water, and ultrapure water was further added to make up to 200 ml. The mixture solution was centrifuged at 14,000 ⁇ g for 5 minutes (4 ° C.).
- VC common sample About 1.5 ml of melted urine was filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m filter, transferred to a vial, and used as a sample for measurement. Thereafter, HPLC measurement was performed under the following conditions. As a control group, the same measurement was carried out for a solution obtained by drinking an aqueous solution in which an amount of vitamin C equivalent to the dose was dissolved in water.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the amount of accumulated urinary ascorbic acid excretion (accumulated ascorbic acid amount) measured using the above measurement sample. As shown in this graph,
- the particle size was 1.0 mm
- the specific gravity was 1.12
- the breaking strength of the minimum particle diameter portion was 2.0.
- pure water was used as a specific gravity standard solution.
- Example 9 Production of seamless capsules As a core of seamless capsules, seamless capsules containing lyophilized powder of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus coryniformis JCM 1099) and starch were produced. 10 parts of L. coryniformis lyophilized product (6.9 * 10 ⁇ 10 cfu / g), 10 parts of starch, and 20 parts of titanium dioxide were mixed with water of Melano H3000 (manufactured by Fuji Oil: melting point 42 ° C. (40-44 ° C.)). (Particulate palm kernel oil) was dispersed in 60 parts of the heated melt to obtain a core preparation liquid (core preparation dispersion).
- L. coryniformis lyophilized product 6.9 * 10 ⁇ 10 cfu / g
- 10 parts of starch and 20 parts of titanium dioxide were mixed with water of Melano H3000 (manufactured by Fuji Oil: melting point 42 ° C. (40-44 ° C.)).
- a dry seamless capsule was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the nucleus preparation solution thus obtained was used.
- the maximum particle size, the minimum particle size, the breaking strength and the specific gravity of the obtained dry seamless capsule were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The measurement results are shown below.
- Oral administration to adult dairy cows The amount of live capsules obtained in this way is 3.0 x 10 ⁇ 11 cfu per lactic acid bacterium, 2 adult dairy cows once a day for 7 days On a regular basis, it was forcibly administered using an oral administration device. Feces were collected from the rectum 24 hours after each administration, and DNA was extracted using PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit (MO BIO Laboratories, Inc.). PCR was performed using the following primers for the region encoding Lactobacillus 16S rRNA, and the amplified products were fractionated by the DGGE method (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis denaturant concentration gradient gel electrophoresis).
- the oral administration agent for ruminants of the present invention can be allowed to reach the lower gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and be absorbed there simply by being included in ruminant feeds. By using the oral administration agent for ruminants of the present invention, it becomes possible to administer the drug to ruminants very simply.
- the present invention also provides a ruminant feed comprising an orally administered agent for ruminants.
- an orally administered agent can be administered to ruminants to treat ruminant illnesses, enhance digestive ability, and vitamins.
Abstract
Description
[1]
比重が1.17~2.00であり、最大粒径および最小粒径がいずれも4~10mmの範囲内にあり、かつ反芻動物の体温環境下での最小粒径部分の破断強度が0.5~5.0Nである、反芻動物用の経口投与剤。
[2]
上記経口投与剤が、核、および上記核を被覆する一層以上の皮膜層、からなるシームレスカプセルであって、
上記核および皮膜層が、いずれも、比重調整剤を含み、および
上記核が、さらに、キャリアーおよび反芻動物用の薬剤を含む、
上記反芻動物用の経口投与剤。
[3]
上記皮膜層が、核と直接接する内皮膜と、最外層である外皮膜との2層から構成され、
上記核が、さらに比重調整剤を含み、
上記内皮膜が、融点が45~90℃である油状物質を含み、
上記外皮膜は、多糖類、比重調整剤および可塑剤を含む皮膜組成物から形成される皮膜である、
上記反芻動物用の経口投与剤。
[4]
上記核が、融点32~44℃を有する、上記反芻動物用の経口投与剤。
[5]
上記反芻動物用の薬剤が、漢方薬エキス、チンキ、治療薬、植物エキス、動物エキス、微生物エキス、微生物産生エキス、果汁、機能性多糖類、ポリフェノール、ビタミンC、ビタミンB、アミノ酸、微生物、細菌、精油、オメガ-3脂肪酸、オメガ-6脂肪酸、オメガ-9脂肪酸およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、
上記反芻動物用の経口投与剤。
[6]
同心円状に配置された、順次増大する半径を有する第1ノズル、第2ノズルおよび第3ノズルを用いて、該第1ノズルから核調製液を、該第2ノズルから内皮膜調製液を、および該第3ノズルから皮膜組成物を同時に押出して複合ジェットを形成し、該複合ジェットを油液中に放出させる、反芻動物用の経口投与剤の製造方法であって、
上記核調製液が、比重調整剤、キャリアーおよび反芻動物用の薬剤を含み、
上記内皮膜調製液は、比重調整剤、および、融点45~90℃である油状物質を含み、
上記皮膜組成物は、多糖類、比重調整剤および可塑剤を含む、
反芻動物用の経口投与剤の製造方法。
[7]
上記製造方法によって調製される、反芻動物用の経口投与剤であって、
上記反芻動物用の経口投与剤は、比重が1.17~2.00であり、最大粒径および最小粒径がいずれも4~10mmの範囲内にあり、かつ反芻動物の体温環境下での最小粒径部分の破断強度が0.5~5.0Nである、反芻動物用の経口投与剤。
[8]
上記反芻動物用の経口投与剤を含む、反芻動物用飼料。
[9]
上記経口投与剤を反芻動物に経口投与する、反芻動物用薬剤を反芻動物に投与する方法。
核は、キャリアーおよび薬剤を含む。核に用いられるキャリアーとしては、反芻動物用の薬剤を分解等することなく、希釈、保持または担持する物質であれば、特に限定されない。キャリアーとして好ましくは、融点10℃~45℃、より好ましくは融点15℃~40℃を有する、親水性または非親水性溶媒が挙げられる。これらのキャリアーは、シームレスカプセルの製造時において液状であるのが、製造の点から好ましい。またキャリアーは、シームレスカプセル保存時または経口投与時においては固形状であるのが、保存性の点から好ましい。これらの製造時の温度および保存時の温度に応じて、キャリアーとして用いる物質の種類を適宜設定することができる。キャリアーとして、例えば15℃~45℃、好ましくは15℃~44℃、より好ましくは20℃~44℃で液状となる物質が好適に用いられる。一方で、例えば寒冷地で用いられる経口投与剤のキャリアーとしては、4℃~20℃で液状となる物質が好適に用いられる。また、熱帯地方で用いられる経口投与剤のキャリアーとしては、25℃~60℃で液状となる物質が好適に用いられる。
本発明の経口投与剤は、核と、最外層である外皮膜との間に、内皮膜を有するのが好ましい。この内皮膜は、融点45~90℃の油状物質から構成されるのが好ましい。内皮膜はさらに、必要に応じた比重調整剤を含んでもよい。内皮膜を構成する油状物質の融点は、45~80℃であるのがより好ましく、50~70℃であるのがさらに好ましい。本発明の経口投与剤において、核と外皮膜との間に、上記油状物質から構成される内皮膜を設けることによって、得られる経口投与剤の破断強度を0.5~5.0Nの範囲に好適に設計することができる。このような油状物質として、例えば、油脂類、脂肪酸、ワックス、脂肪酸エステル、高級アルコール、ステロール類、シリコーン類、パラフィン、蜜蝋、リン脂質類、およびこれらの誘導体(例えば硬化油または部分硬化油など)であって、融点が45~90℃である物質が挙げられる。これらの物質は、単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。これらの中でも、油脂類およびその誘導体、脂肪酸およびワックスからなる群から選択される1種またはそれ以上が、油状物質として好ましく用いられる。
外皮膜は、シームレスカプセルの最外層として通常に用いられるものを用いることができる。外皮膜として、例えば、多糖類、比重調整剤および可塑剤を含む皮膜組成物から形成される外皮膜が挙げられる。
本発明の反芻動物用の経口投与剤は、好ましくはシームレスカプセルである。シームレスカプセルは、例えば、多重ノズルを用いた滴下法によりシームレスカプセルを連続生産する方法、例えば特開昭58-22062号公報、特開昭59-131355号公報、特開平3-52639号公報、特開平5-031352号公報、特開平7-069867号公報等に記載の方法が挙げられるが、必ずしもこれらの方法に限定されるものではない。
高密度ポリエチレン(PE)(比重0.95)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)(比重1.19)、ポリオキシメチレン(POM)(比重1.41),ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)(比重2.20)のそれぞれ粒径4mm、6mm、8mmおよび12mmの市販ビーズを泌乳牛4頭に100個経口摂取させた。糞中に排泄された各ビーズの無傷であってかつ排泄された数の累積の比率を図1~5に記載する。図1~4は、樹脂種が異なるビーズ、即ち比重が異なるビーズの直径毎の累積排泄率であり、図1は高密度ポリエチレン(PE)ビーズのデータであり、図2はポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)ビーズのデータであり、図3はポリオキシメチレン(POM)ビーズのデータであり、図4はポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)ビーズのデータである。図5は、粒径6mmのビーズの4種類の樹脂種の比較、即ち比重による比較データである。
なお、これらのビーズの直径は、デジタルマイクロスコープ VHX-2000(KEYENCE社製)を用いて、デジタル処理を行うことによって測定した。
(i)シームレスカプセルの製造
チアミン塩酸塩(東京化成工業社製)20部および二酸化チタン20部を、メラノH1000S(不二製油社製:融点34℃(32~36℃)の水添パーム核油)60部の加温融解物中に分散させ、核調製液(核調製用分散物)を得た。
コメ極度硬化油(融点53℃(52~54℃)、ボーソー油脂社製)70部を加温融解させ、これに二酸化チタン30部を分散させ、内皮膜を構成する油状物質を含む、内皮膜調製液を得た。
外皮膜の形成に用いられる皮膜組成物として、カラギーナン(三晶社製)15部、デキストリン(日澱化学社製DE値10未満)50.9部、ソルビトール(三菱商事フードテック社製)3部、ペクチン(ユニテックフーズ社製)10部、塩化カルシウム1部、塩化カルシウム0.1部を精製水400部に溶解させたものに二酸化チタン10部を分散させたものを調製した。
核調製液を、同心三重ノズルの第1ノズル(最内側ノズル)から、内皮膜調製液を、第1ノズルの外側の第2ノズル(中間ノズル)から、そして皮膜組成物を、同心三重ノズルの第3ノズル(最内側ノズル)から、同心ノズル温度50℃の条件で、常温下(20℃)で流動しているナタネ油中に同時に押出して複合ジェットを形成し、油液中に放出させることにより、平均直径6mmの三層構造のシームレスカプセルを調製した。得られたカプセルを通常の通気乾燥を行うことにより乾燥シームレスカプセルを得た。
得られた乾燥シームレスカプセルを、JIS試験用ふるい(JIS Z 8801-1)を用いて、分別を行った。
こうして得られたシームレスカプセルの最大粒径および最小粒径を、デジタルマイクロスコープ VHX-2000(KEYENCE社製)を用いて、デジタル処理を行うことによって測定した。測定結果を下記表1に示す。
実施例3~8および比較例1~6において核、中間層、皮膜の組成を表1のように変更したこと以外は、実施例2と同様の手順により、乾燥シームレスカプセルを得た。
メラノH1000:不二製油社製水添パーム核油、融点38℃(36~40℃)
メラノH3000:不二製油社製水添パーム核油、融点42℃(40~44℃)
パーメル45:不二製油社製パーム分画油中融点画分、融点45℃(43~47℃)
図6から明らかなように、カプセルの最小粒径部分の破断強度が0.5~4.7Nのカプセルは、比重を満足する限り、血中のチアミン濃度に測定の最初の段階(約2時間後)から大きな変化が見られ、ビタミン投与が有効に作用していることを示す。一方、比較例1および2、更に対照のものは、血中のチアミン濃度に小さな変化は見られるものの、ビタミン投与に素早く反応したものと認められない。
ビタミンC30%バイパス(ワイピーテック社製)(以下、既存製品と記載する)と本発明品を比較するため、表1の実施例8で得られたカプセルと既存製品の各々をビタミンCとして30g相当となる量を、6頭の泌乳牛に、経口投与器を用いて、強制的に経口投与した。その後、24時間までの全尿を採取し、サンプリング時間毎の尿9mlを、1M 塩酸1mlを入れたスピッツ管で混合し、転倒混和の後、クライオチューブ2本(分析用、保存用)に分注して凍結保存した。(VC共通サンプル)融解した尿約1.5mlを0.45μmフィルターでろ過し、バイアル瓶に移し測定用サンプルとした。その後、下記条件でHPLC測定を行った。
なお、対照区として、投与量と同等量のビタミンCを水に溶解させた水溶液を飲ませたものについて同様の測定を行った。
カラム:Tosoh ODS 120T(平均粒子φ5um、4.6mmI.D.×150mm、東ソー社製)、 カラム温度35℃。
溶離液(移動相):10mMギ酸アンモニウムaq/70mM ドデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミドaq/水/メタノール ( 1/ 1 / 4 / 4)、流速0.9ml/min。
サンプル注入量:10μl
検出器:紫外可視検出器(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製)265nm
シームレスカプセルの製造
シームレスカプセルの核として、乳酸菌(Lactobacillus coryniformis JCM 1099)の凍結乾燥粉末およびデンプンを含むシームレスカプセルを製造した。
L. coryniformis凍結乾燥物(6.9*10^10 cfu/g)10部、デンプン10部、および二酸化チタン20部を、メラノH3000(不二製油社製:融点42℃(40~44℃)の水添パーム核油)60部の加温融解物中に分散させ、核調製液(核調製用分散物)を得た。
こうして得られた核調製液を用いたこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして、乾燥シームレスカプセルを得た。
得られた乾燥シームレスカプセルの最大粒径、最小粒径、破断強度および比重を、実施例1と同様に測定した。測定結果を以下に示す。
最大粒径:7.47mm
最小粒径:5.76mm
破断強度:4.7N
比重:1.33
こうして得られたシームレスカプセルを、乳酸菌生菌数として1頭あたり3.0×10^11 cfuとなる量を、2頭の成雌乳牛に、1日1回7日間、定時に経口投与器を用いて強制投与した。毎回の投与から24時間後に直腸から糞便を採取し、PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit(MO BIO Laboratories, Inc.)を用いてDNAを抽出した。ラクトバシラス属の16S rRNAをコードする領域につき次のプライマーを用いてPCRを行い、増幅した産物をDGGE法(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis 変性剤濃度勾配ゲル電気泳動法)により分別した。
f:(5’- GTC GTC AGC TCG TGT CGT GAG A -3’)、
r:(5’- CGC CCG CCG CGC CCC GCG CCC GGC CCG CCG CCC CCG CCC CCC CGG GAA CGT ATT CAC CGC -3’)
上述の分別により得られる領域につき、Qiaex II gel extraction kit(Qiagen)で抽出し、L. coryniformis sppの16S rRNAをコードする領域につき、さらに次のプライマーを用いてPCRを行った。
f:(5’- GGG TTC GCA CGA GCG CAC -3’)
r:(5’- CGC CCG CCG CGC CCC GCG CCC GGC CCG CCG CCC CCG CCC CCC CGG GAA CGT ATT CAC CGC -3’)
PCR法により増幅した産物をDGGE法で分別した。
その結果、6日目の投与から24時間後に採取した糞便より抽出したDNAの電気泳動像に、投与した乳酸菌(L. coryniformis JCM 1099)のDNAと一致するバンドが見られた。以上より、カプセルが成雌乳牛の第1胃~第4胃で崩壊せず、小腸以下で崩壊し、カプセルから乳酸菌が放出されることが確認された。
Claims (9)
- 比重が1.17~2.00であり、最大粒径および最小粒径がいずれも4~10mmの範囲内にあり、かつ反芻動物の体温環境下での最小粒径部分の破断強度が0.5~5.0Nである、反芻動物用の経口投与剤。
- 前記経口投与剤が、核、および前記核を被覆する一層以上の皮膜層、からなるシームレスカプセルであって、
前記核が、キャリアーおよび反芻動物用の薬剤を含む、
請求項1記載の反芻動物用の経口投与剤。 - 前記皮膜層が、核と直接接する内皮膜と、最外層である外皮膜との2層から構成され、
前記核が、さらに比重調整剤を含み、
前記内皮膜が、比重調整剤、および、融点が45~90℃である油状物質を含み、
前記外皮膜は、多糖類、比重調整剤および可塑剤を含む皮膜組成物から形成される皮膜である、請求項2記載の反芻動物用の経口投与剤。 - 前記核が、融点32~44℃を有する、請求項2または3に記載の反芻動物用の経口投与剤。
- 前記反芻動物用の薬剤が、漢方薬エキス、チンキ、治療薬、植物エキス、動物エキス、微生物エキス、微生物産生エキス、果汁、機能性多糖類、ポリフェノール、ビタミンC、ビタミンB、アミノ酸、微生物、細菌、精油、オメガ-3脂肪酸、オメガ-6脂肪酸、オメガ-9脂肪酸およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、
請求項1~4いずれかに記載の反芻動物用の経口投与剤。 - 同心円状に配置された、順次増大する半径を有する第1ノズル、第2ノズルおよび第3ノズルを用いて、該第1ノズルから核調製液を、該第2ノズルから内皮膜調製液を、および該第3ノズルから皮膜組成物を同時に押出して複合ジェットを形成し、該複合ジェットを油液中に放出させる、反芻動物用の経口投与剤の製造方法であって、
前記核調製液が、比重調整剤、キャリアーおよび反芻動物用の薬剤を含み、
前記内皮膜調製液は、比重調整剤、および、融点45~90℃である油状物質を含み、
前記皮膜組成物は、多糖類、比重調整剤および可塑剤を含む、
反芻動物用の経口投与剤の製造方法。 - 請求項6記載の製造方法によって調製される、反芻動物用の経口投与剤であって、
前記反芻動物用の経口投与剤は、比重が1.17~2.00であり、最大粒径および最小粒径がいずれも4~10mmの範囲内にあり、かつ反芻動物の体温環境下での最小粒径部分の破断強度が0.5~5.0Nである、反芻動物用の経口投与剤。 - 請求項1~5および7のいずれかに記載の反芻動物用の経口投与剤を含む、反芻動物用飼料。
- 請求項1~5および7のいずれかに記載の経口投与剤を反芻動物に経口投与する、反芻動物用薬剤を反芻動物に投与する方法。
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CN201580018045.4A CN106455633B (zh) | 2014-01-31 | 2015-01-30 | 用于反刍动物的经口给予药剂和含有该药剂的反刍动物用饲料 |
MX2016009973A MX369410B (es) | 2014-01-31 | 2015-01-30 | Agente de administración oral para rumiantes y alimento para rumiantes que lo contiene. |
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JP7456697B2 (ja) | 2020-09-29 | 2024-03-27 | シャメン フゥイソン バイオテック カンパニー リミテッド | 複合のルーメンバイパス多価不飽和脂肪酸粉末の調製及びその応用 |
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MX369410B (es) | 2019-11-07 |
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