TWI405568B - 萃取物 - Google Patents
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- TWI405568B TWI405568B TW096148626A TW96148626A TWI405568B TW I405568 B TWI405568 B TW I405568B TW 096148626 A TW096148626 A TW 096148626A TW 96148626 A TW96148626 A TW 96148626A TW I405568 B TWI405568 B TW I405568B
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Description
本案係基於與紐西蘭專利申請案第552238號相關之臨時專利申請案,該案全文以引用方式併入此處。
本發明係關於萃取物。更特別,本發明係關於得自富含脂肪酸醯胺化合物包括N-醯基乙醇胺(NAE)化合物諸如N-棕櫚醯基乙醇醯胺(PEA)及N-花生四烯醯基乙醇醯胺(阿南拉邁(anandamide),AEA)之以海產為主之原料之萃取物。
N-棕櫚醯基乙醇醯胺(PEA)為屬於稱作為N-醯基乙醇胺(NAE;或N-醯基乙醇醯胺)家族之內生性脂肪酸醯胺,該NAE包括「大麻樣」化合物諸如N-花生四烯醯基乙醇醯胺(阿南拉邁,AEA)。PEA和AEA可用於治療涉及腹部發炎反應及/或免疫反應及相關疼痛之一定範圍之人類/動物疾病(參考Lambert等人2002之綜論)。
a)來源
PEA為出現於多種動物、海產及植物來源之多種不同細胞之天然脂質(參考Lambert等人2002之綜論)。於活有機體內,響應於細胞壓力源諸如組織損傷或病理侵害快速誘發PEA之合成,經常伴隨有發炎及疼痛(Darmani等人,
2005)。雖然PEA於人體之生物功能尚未完全明瞭,但有一種假說,PEA組成若干天然抗炎化學品及止痛化學品中之一者(Darmain等人,2005)。
使用氯仿及甲醇萃取自綠唇貽貝(Perna canaliculus)之冷凍乾燥肉之粗產物脂質包含三酸甘油酯類、固醇酯類、固醇類、極性脂質、游離脂肪酸及其衍生物諸如NAE之複雜混合物(Sepe等人,1998;Murphy等人,2002;Murphy等人,2003)。PEA及N-硬脂醯基乙醇醯胺為藍貽貝脂質萃取物中含量最豐富之NAE,也含有遠更小量之N-肉豆蔻醯基(C14:0)-乙醇醯胺、N-油醯基(C18:1)-乙醇醯胺、N-亞油醯基(C18:2)-乙醇醯胺、及N-花生四烯醯基(C20:4;阿南拉邁/AEA)-乙醇醯胺。存在於粗產物萃取物或純化後萃取物中之NAE之本質及數目暗示其治療效果,原因在於先前技術揭示,於動物全身及動物組織中,NAE間有複雜的協同性交互作用。舉例言之,動物研究資料指出,PEA的若干作用可透過AEA媒介,及可能透過其它NAE媒介。此外,曾經報告NAE間之協同性效果之證據(參考後文細節說明)。
b)化學
PEA為飽和16碳脂肪酸乙醇醯胺(C16:0),具有結構式:
AEA為多元不飽和20碳脂肪酸乙醇醯胺(C20:4),具有結構式:
c)歷史透視
1950年代早期Coburn等人(1954)首次對PEA之抗炎性質產生興趣,Coburn等人發現餵食天竺鼠,卵黃含量高之膳食,可保護天竺鼠免於實驗性過敏之害。隨後研究由卵黃中經過分離與純化之PEA,識別於動物體之抗炎性質(參考Lambert等人2002之綜論)。1990年代於發現另一種內生性NAE,亦即AEA具有類似大麻之活性組分之性質之後,對NAE之研究興趣復甦。類大麻酚受體的轉殖(定名為CB1
及CB2
)以及選擇性CB受體配體的產生,提供進一步加速研究活動之工具(Devane等人,1992)。從此由動物研究及人體研究所收集的大量證據顯示當透過不同投藥途徑給予PEA時,具有抗炎及止痛性質。
d)臨床前期研究
多項研究顯示於一範圍之動物研究模型中,合成PEA具有抗炎及止痛性質。典型地,發炎物質諸如鹿角菜膠、膠原蛋白或佛波醇酯注射入皮膚下方,於數小時內(急性研究模型)或數日內(慢性研究模型)測量所得病理變化及行為變化。至今大部分研究係對發炎之急性動物模型進行研究(例如Aloe等人,1993;Mazzari等人,1996;Conti等人,2002;Costa等人,2002)。
e)臨床試驗
比較動物研究,只有少數人類研究係研究PEA之抗原效應。於1970年代,於捷克斯拉夫使用口服投予商品名英帕辛(Impulsin)(N-2-羥基乙基棕櫚醯胺,SPOFA聯合藥品工作坊(SPOFA United Pharmaceutical Works))來進行數項試驗。第一組試驗評估於1345位成人志願者(年輕男性軍人或史科達汽車公司(Skoda Car Co.)之員工:Masek等人,1974)評估PEA(3次/日/12日)降低呼吸道感染發生率及嚴重性之功效。結果指出於感染發作前投藥,英波辛可協助預防病毒感染,但無法縮短感染症狀之持續時間。1973至1975年間進行另一系列類似之實驗,共使用1864位年輕男性軍人(相同用藥計畫),證實於本族群中,預防性使用英波辛可顯著降低急性呼吸道感染之發生率(Kahlich等人,1979)。12週試驗期間非期望之效應之發生率特低(只有數個百分比;Kahlich等人,1979)。此等試驗顯著成功,導致於前稱作捷克斯拉夫之國家將英波辛用於急性呼吸道疾病。上市數年後,由於未知理由該藥物下市,但顯然並非有關其毒性問題(參考Verme等人2005b之綜論)。隨後開始兩項臨床試驗研究PEA用於慢性背痛(腰椎坐骨神經痛)及多發性硬化之功效(參考Lambert等人2002之綜論)。
也發展出供局部投藥用之含有「結構性天然脂質」及PEA之乳膏(菲席歐膠(Physiogel)A.I.,史提佛實驗室(Stiefel Laboratories),於兩項小規模臨床試驗進行評估。第一項試驗為觀察研究,其中19位診斷患有肛門濕疹之成年病人指
示塗擦乳膏至患部經6日至63日(Rohde & Ghyczy,2003)。經過4週試驗後,68%病人報告疼痛減輕,灼燒感及搔癢,有21%症狀惡化報告。95%病人報告乳膏劑之耐受性良好。於第二項試驗中,21位患有末期腎衰竭及尿毒搔癢之成年病人,每日塗擦乳膏兩次共計三週(Szepietowski等人,2005)。於3週試驗期結束時,搔癢有統計上顯著降低(恰低於40%病人完全不存在有搔癢),81%病人報告患部的乾燥(乾燥症)消除。病人對乳膏之耐受性良好,無不良反應報告。此等結果提供令人激勵之徵相,含PEA乳膏可於發炎性皮膚病症的治療上提供替代治療選項。
f)作用模式
PEA可發揮抗炎效果及止痛效果之確切機轉尚未完全明瞭。一般接受PEA之功效並非透過傳統類大麻酚受體來介導,發現PEA缺乏精神作用效應。相反地,大部分AEA的作用於腦部以及周邊顯然係透過CB1
受體及/或CB2
受體而介導。使用AEA之一項問題為其精神方面作用副作用,精神方面副作用相信係藉CB1
受體介導。但有證據顯示此種非期望之效應可藉共同投予低(低於治療)劑量之AEA及另一種NAE來減少或消除(Calignano等人,1998;Di Marzo等人,2001;De Petrocellis等人,2001;Lo Verme等人,2005b)。例如,PEA或AEA當於相等低劑量組合給藥時,低於止痛劑量之PEA或AEA可提供止痛效果(Calignano等人,2001)。
於分子層面及行為層面,PEA與體內之多種重要標靶交互作用。試管試驗及活體試驗收集得之證據指出PEA可
減少水腫、肥大細胞增生、嗜中性血球浸潤及多種內生性發炎媒介物質包括:肥大細胞顆粒崩解(預防組織胺及血清素的釋放);環氧合酶-2(COX-2)活性;內皮氧化氮合成活性;由巨噬細胞製造氧化氮;及急性缺氧期間之脂質過氧化(Gulaya等人,1998)。此外,於發炎性疼痛之動物研究模型中,PEA可減少痛覺過敏(Jaggar等人,1998;Farquhar & Smith,2001;Conti等人,2002)。
晚近資料提示過氧體增生劑活化受體α(PPAR-α)為對PEA之抗炎作用具有關鍵重要性(Lo Verme等人,2005a)。
A.涉及慢性發炎之疾病
發炎屬於身體對受傷與感染之正常反應的一部分,發炎係以局部紅、腫、熱及痛之傳統徵相為特徵。正常發炎反應可解除於刺激來源移除之後的急性解決過程,且開始修補及組織痊癒。於若干情況下,急性發炎可能進行至慢性發炎,慢性發炎是影響骨骼關節、呼吸道、皮膚、胃腸道、心血管及神經系統之多項病理的關鍵組成元素。重要地,急性發炎與慢性發炎潛在的過程有重大區別。
發炎及疼痛治療用之非類固醇抗炎藥(NSAID)之普及大半係由於其比較其它抗炎藥物具有更有利的風險輪廓資料。但長期使用NSAID有若干重大限制:NSAID容易造成胃損傷(胃潰瘍及胃腸道出血)、腎功能受損及出血風險增高。此外,因NSAID的不會變更疾病的進行,故病人可能需要額外類別的藥物亦即疾病修飾抗炎藥(DMARD,例如
胺甲喋呤(methotrexate)、伊塔納碱(etanercept)、皮質類固醇)。不幸大部分DMARD皆有狹窄安全邊際,經常有對生活品質造成負面影響的非期望效應。
B.異位性皮膚炎/濕疹
異位性皮膚炎/濕疹(AD)是一種典型呈現發紅、搔癢與囊胞形成,可能導致滲液與結痂之慢性皮膚病。AD的患者在已開發國家至少有15%,且經常關聯有其它形式的過敏,諸如氣喘及乾草熱(Lee,Y-A.等人,2000)。
局部皮質類固醇為AD藥物治療用黃金標準。但長期局部使用皮質類固醇的主要缺點之一為有不良效應風險,不良效應諸如為皮膚皺縮、口腔及過敏性接觸性皮炎、濕疹、皮膚色素沈著減少、及治療區的毛髮過度生長。雖然有大量非類固醇產品可資利用(例如皮美克里莫(pimecrolimus)、塔克里莫(tacrolimus)、抗生素、環孢靈(cyclosporine)、胺甲喋呤等),此等非類固醇產品經常較為無效,且皆可能偶爾出現嚴重不良效應(參考Abramovits,2005,有關其綜論)。例如皮美克里莫及塔克里莫晚近接受到FDA有關可能之癌症風險的黑盒子警告。顯然仍然需要有具有較少不良效應之有效抗炎產物。
紐西蘭綠唇貽貝(Perna canaliculus,NZGLM)之「經安定化」之脂質萃取物於若干不同的動物發炎模型驗證有利功效,以及於人類之慢性發炎病症驗證有利功效(Whitehouse等人,1997;Whitehouse等人,1999;Shiels &
Whitehouse,2000;Tenikoff等人,2005;Gibson,1998;Emelyanov等人,2002;Cho等人,2003;Gruenwald等人,2004)。安定化典型係涉及添加有機酸諸如酒石酸來減少PUFA於加工處理之前的氧化(WO85/05033;NZ211928)。但並非全部人類研究其中使用經安定化之貽貝脂質萃取物來治療發炎的報告皆呈現陽性結果(Lau等人,2004;參考Cobb及Ernst,2006之綜論),或驗證健康志願者體內的發炎血液標記的減少(Murphy等人,2006)。
業界之貽貝專利案係有關貽貝萃取物配方之多個效應,例如:NZ211928說明一種經由添加有機酸(乙酸、檸檬酸、酒石酸、乳酸)及/或金屬鹽至一旦收穫所得之懸浮於食鹽水中之貽貝肉,來安定化綠殼貽貝萃取物之配方。
NZ270754說明經過精細研磨之貽貝萃取物懸浮於魚油之組合物。
NZ314867說明得自綠殼貽貝之蛋白質萃取物與糖胺基聚糖之組合物。
NZ514389說明於寵物飼料中以每日每千克動物體重0.18至114毫克之用量將綠殼貽貝萃取物遞送予寵物。
其它專利案說明萃取物中富含所選定之組分之萃取方法,例如:NZ329018說明經由使用蛋白質分解酶於水處理,分離固體殘餘物,及由水溶液中回收肝醣之一種由貽貝萃取肝
醣之方法。
NZ510407說明含有碳水化合物及脂質而蛋白質部分被移除之一種綠殼貽貝萃取物。
NZ328489說明一種得自綠殼貽貝之蛋白質萃取物,以及經由將貽貝肉於酚溶液中攪拌45分鐘,然後離心/抽吸上層,使用乙醇沈澱出含蛋白質產物之一種萃取物之製法。
前述專利案皆未曾述及製造富含NAE化合物之萃取物,也未曾辨識此等化合物用於各項治療之用途。
有兩種廣為人利用之NZGLM之商業製品為希統(Seatone)及里皮諾(Lyprinol)。希統係由得自全貽貝肉之經安定化之凍乾粉末所組成,而里皮諾為萃取自經安定化之凍乾肉(透過超臨界二氧化碳流體凍乾)且添加橄欖油及維生素E之油,調配成為膠囊劑(法瑪林克國際公司(Pharmalink International Ltd.),開曼群島)。里皮諾含有五大類脂肪:游離脂肪酸類、三酸甘油酯類、固醇酯類、固醇類及磷脂類(Sinclair等人,2000;Wolyniak等人,2005)。里皮諾中最豐富的游離脂肪酸為:棕櫚酸(C16:0)、亞油酸(C18:2n-6)、EPA(C20:5n-3)、DHA(C22:6n-3)、棕櫚油酸(C16:1n-7)、C16:1n-9,7,5及肉豆蔻酸(C14:0)(Sinclair等人,2000;Wolyniak等人,2005)。雖然也識別出大量其它脂肪酸(全部約為91種),但個別脂肪酸只以小量存在(低於5% w/w總脂質;Wolyniak等人,2005)。ω-3PUFA係占總脂肪酸之40%,而EPA及DHA含量最豐富(Wolyniak等人,
2005)。有證據提示里皮諾的大部分抗炎活性係駐在於脂肪酸部分(Whitehouse等人,1999;Treschow等人,2007)。
於接受里皮諾之療程後,類似於使用低劑量ω-3多元不飽和脂肪酸補充品(Sinclair等人,2000)後觀察得之,人類個體有較低濃度之數種發炎前期化合物,包括血栓烷B2
、前列腺素E2
及介白素-1β。如此提示里皮諾活性的顯著組分係由於含有ω-3,此項可能係與晚近之試管試驗證據符合一致(McPhee等人,2007;Treschow等人,2007)。里皮諾之假說作用模式係透過抑制5-脂氧合酶徑路及COX徑路二者。
前文證據摘述PEA及其它NAE化合物之治療效果,但須了解富含此等化合物之產品為較佳。
本發明之目的係解決前述問題,或至少對大眾提供有用的選擇。
本說明書中所引用的全部參考文獻,包括任何專利案或任何專利申請案皆以引用方式併入此處。但絕非承認任何參考文獻構成先前技術。參考文獻之討論陳述其作者之主張,申請人保有挑戰所引用之文獻之準確度及相關性之權利。顯然須了解,雖然於本文引用多項先前技術公開文獻;但此等參考文獻並非承認此等文件構成紐西蘭或任何其它國家中該業界技術之普通常識之一部分。
須了解「包含」一詞於各種不同裁量之下可有排除定義或含括定義之屬性。用於本說明書之目的且除非另行陳述,否則「包含」一詞具有包括定義,換言之,該詞表示
不僅包括所直接述及之列舉的組分,同時也包括其它未特別規定之組分或元件。此種原理的闡述也可用於「經包含」或「包含」等詞用於相關方法或處理程序中之一個或多個步驟。
本發明之額外面相及優點由後文說明將顯然易明,後文說明僅供舉例說明之用。
用於本說明書之目的,「海洋系」一詞係指居住於海水或淡水內部或周圍之甲殼類有機體。
「N-醯基乙醇胺」(NAE)一詞,包括技藝界常見之此類化合物之其它名稱,包括「N-醯基乙醇醯胺」或脂肪酸乙醇醯胺。
根據本發明之第一面相,提供一種組成物含有萃取自海洋系有機體而富含脂肪酸醯胺化合物之油萃取物。
根據本發明之又一面相,提供一種組成物含有得自海洋系有機體且富含N-醯基乙醇胺(NAE)化合物之油萃取物。
較佳該萃取物富含N-棕櫚醯基乙醇醯胺(PEA)。熟諳技藝人士須了解PEA也有多種不同名稱,包括但非限於帕米卓(palmidrol)及N-(2-羥基乙基)-十六烷醯胺。
根據本發明之又一面相,提供一種組成物含有得自海洋系有機體之油萃取物,該海洋系有機體於萃取前之海洋系有機體肉之濕重,含有至少0.10微克/克PEA。
根據本發明之又一面相,提供一種組成物含有得自海
洋系有機體之油萃取物,富含NAE化合物,該海洋系有機體於萃取前之海洋系有機體肉之濕重,包括至少0.10微克/克PEA。
如前文說明,組成物係富含一定範圍之NAE化合物。舉例言之,組成物包括(但非限於)下列NAE含量:N-硬脂醯基乙醇醯胺(18:0),70奈克/克:N-油醯基乙醇醯胺(C18:1),5奈克/克;N-亞油醯基乙醇醯胺(C18:2),5奈克/克;及N-花生四烯醯基乙醇醯胺(C20:4,阿南拉邁),8奈克/克於萃取前之濕肉。不可視為限制性,原因在於組成物可含有其它NAE,組成物也可包括於所揭示之範圍含量上下改變之NAE。
較佳海洋系有機體為雙殼軟體動物。更佳該有機體為貽貝種屬。最佳該有機體為綠貽貝(Perna)或藍貽貝(Mytilus)種屬之貽貝(分別為綠貽貝及藍貽貝)。不可視為限制性,原因在於也可含括其它種屬例如蛤蜊或牡蠣。
較佳,脂肪酸醯胺化合物包括NAE化合物。
較佳NAE化合物包括N-肉豆蔻醯基乙醇醯胺,C14:0;N-棕櫚醯基乙醇胺(PEA),C16:0;N-硬脂醯基乙醇醯胺,C18:0;N-油醯基乙醇醯胺,C18:1;N-亞油醯基乙醇醯胺,C18:2;N-花生四烯醯基乙醇醯胺(阿南拉邁,AEA),C20:4;N-廿碳烯醯基乙醇醯胺,C20:1,及其組合物。
於較佳具體實施例中,油萃取物中之PEA含量,於任何萃取前之海洋系有機體之濕組織測量,至少為0.10微克/克。更佳,該含量至少為0.50微克/克。於選定之實施例中,
PEA之含量係大於3.0微克/克。
較佳,油萃取物中之AEA含量為至少0.008微克/克任何萃取前海洋系有機體之濕組織。更佳,該含量係大於0.01微克/克任何萃取前海洋系有機體之濕組織。於選定之實施例中,AEA之含量係大於0.05微克/克。
較佳,於任何進一步萃取前,於海洋系有機體之乾組織測量,組成物包括濃度高於1.0微克/克之PEA於該油萃取物。
較佳,於任何進一步萃取前,於海洋系有機體之乾組織測量,組成物包括濃度高於0.09微克/克之AEA於該油萃取物。
須了解於本發明之油萃取物中之前述至少PEA及AEA之濃度係顯著高於先前技術之濃度,先前技術未曾教示PEA濃度或未曾教示所述濃度。於最接近之先前技術中,Sepe等人教示得自地中海貽貝之濕組織只能生產0.053±0.0039微克/克PEA及0.0018±0.003微克/克AEA。
須強調前述數值係指於濕肉中之PEA及AEA濃度。須了解可降低水含量之方法(諸如乾燥)也可濃縮活性化合物包括PEA及AEA之含量。於此種水去除處理程序完成前,本發明之萃取物實質上已經更為濃縮。
根據本發明之又一面相,實質上如前文說明之海洋原料中之脂肪酸醯胺含量豐富。
用於本說明書之目的,「富含」一詞係指於透過乾燥程序進行任何濃縮之前,海洋材料中之脂肪酸醯胺化合物之
濃度/含量增高。
於一個較佳實施例中,富含可藉收穫、軋碎以及然後將海洋材料維持於軋碎狀態於4℃至10℃間經歷至少24小時時間來達成。於一個實施例中,海洋材料可維持長達144小時。
發明人發現經由完成前述富含步驟,脂肪酸醯胺化合物之濃度/含量增高。相信係由於於海洋材料死後發生生物化學反應之故。出乎意外地,此項程序導致貽貝肉實質上富含脂肪酸醯胺含量。也出乎意外地,發明人發現經由使用所述參數,微生物污染不會發生至對萃取物適合供人類消費用之有害程度。如一般了解,海洋系材料的正常處理程序要求採行儘可能的快速步驟以防微生物的生長,諸如採取冷凍或乾燥。允許材料於10℃維持數日,係違反目前實務,但此種時間及此種溫度所導致之微生物污染程度出乎意外地低。
如前述,組成物富含脂肪酸醯胺,包括PEA及AEA,但也包括其它化合物(脂肪酸醯胺及其它化合物)二者。實際上,發明人了解高度期望,除了PEA之外,存在有多種NAE化合物,原因在於基於先前技術使用NAE之經驗(公開文獻),常見NAE間有協同性作用,因此含有多種NAE之產物強度實質上比只含一種NAE之產物強度更高。
於另一實施例中,組成物也包括至少一種多元不飽和脂肪酸(PUFA)化合物。更佳,PUFA化合物包括ω-3 PUFA。須了解期望一種油萃取物包括脂肪酸醯胺化合物及PUFA
化合物二者。也須了解由於脂肪酸醯胺化合物及PUFA化合物有不同化學性質,故出乎意外地獲得兩型化合物皆有顯著高含量之萃取物乃出人意表。但須了解PUFA化合物並非本發明組成物所必需,因此PUFA化合物的存在並非視為限制性。
較佳,油萃取物包括至少一種PUFA化合物。更佳,PUFA屬於ω-3類別之PUFA。較佳PUFA係選自於:4,7,10,13,16,19-廿二碳六烯酸(DHA;22:6n3)、5,8,11,14,17-廿碳四烯酸(EPA;20:5n3)、6,9,12,15-十八碳四烯酸(OTA;18:4n3)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸(ALA;18:3n3)、7,10,13,16,19-廿二碳戊烯酸(DPA;22:5n3)、11,14,17-廿碳三烯酸(ETA;20:3n3)、8,11,14,17-廿碳四烯酸(20:4n3)及其組合物。於較佳實施例中,於萃取物測定,DHA之含量係高於3克/100克。較佳,於萃取物中測量,EPA之含量係高於5克/100克。
較佳,組成物係調配成為口服投藥散劑、溶液劑、懸浮液劑、乳液劑、油劑、錠劑或膠囊劑。組成物另外可調配供局部投藥,例如調配呈乳膏劑、洗劑、軟膏劑或油劑。於另一實施例中,組成物為作為「機能性食品」來投藥之固體食品或液體食品。
根據本發明之又一面相,提供一種口服或局部投藥用之調配物,含有得自海洋系有機體富含脂肪酸醯胺化合物之治療上有效量之一種油萃取物。
根據本發明之又一面相,提供一種口服或局部投藥用
之調配物,含有得自海洋系有機體富含NAE之治療上有效量之一種油萃取物。
根據本發明之又一面相,提供一種口服或局部投藥用之調配物,含有富含PEA之治療上有效量之油萃取物。
根據本發明之又一面相,提供一種口服或局部投藥用之調配物,含有得自海洋系有機體,於萃取前之海洋系有機體肉之濕重測量,含有至少0.10微克/克PEA之治療上有效量之油萃取物。
根據本發明之又一面相,提供一種口服或局部投藥用之調配物,含有得自海洋系有機體,富含NAE化合物其包括於萃取前之海洋系有機體肉濕重中至少0.10微克/克PEA之治療上有效量之油萃取物。
較佳,該油萃取物於萃取前之海洋系有機體肉濕重,包括至少0.008微克/克AEA。
較佳,如前述調配物包括至少一種PUFA。更佳PUFA包括ω-3脂肪酸。
於發明人所涵蓋之實施例中,調配物包括載劑物質,也包括可接受食品級抗氧化劑來協助所萃取之活性化合物之長期安定性。
一個較佳實施例中,調配物為口服投藥用膠囊劑,其中該膠囊劑係經以得自貽貝肉之油萃取物填充。
於另一較佳實施例中,調配物為局部投藥用之乳膏劑或洗劑,其中該乳膏劑/洗劑包括得自貽貝肉之油萃取物。
須了解前述調配物僅供舉例說明之用,不可視為限制
性,須了解可未悖離本發明之範圍生產其它調配物。
根據本發明之又一面相,提供一種發炎及相關疼痛之治療方法,係經由經口或經局部投予實質上如前文說明之組成物或調配物。
一個較佳實施例中,發炎為慢性本質而非急性本質。舉例言之,涉及慢性發炎之疾病包括:濕疹/異位性皮膚炎、氣喘、發炎性腸病(包括克隆氏病及潰瘍性大腸炎)、類風濕性關節炎及骨關節炎、腎絲球體腎炎、動脈粥瘤發生、阿茲海默氏病及成人呼吸窘迫症候群。舉個第二實例,涉及慢性疼痛之疾病包括神經病變性疼痛及關節痛。
於另一實施例中,發炎屬於急性本質的發炎,包括經由局部施用含有本發明之組成物或調配物之乳膏劑至受傷部位外部來治療軟組織傷害。
根據本發明之又一面相,提供一種經口或經局部投予實質上如前文說明之組成物或調配物來治療發炎相關疾病之方法。
根據本發明之又一面相,提供一種經口或經局部投予實質上如前文說明之組成物或調配物來改善發炎之發展之方法。
根據本發明之又一面相,提供一種經口或經局部投予實質上如前文說明之組成物或調配物來治療皮膚病之方法。
根據本發明之又一面相,提供一種經口或經局部投予實質上如前文說明之組成物或調配物來治療皮膚病之方
法。
根據本發明之又一面相,提供一種經口或經局部投予實質上如前文說明之組成物或調配物來改善皮膚病症狀之方法。
於較佳實施例中,欲治療之皮膚病包括異位性皮膚炎/濕疹及接觸性皮膚炎。
於較佳實施例中,欲改善之症狀包括搔癢、乾燥、腫脹及人類角質細胞之增生減少。
於一個實施例中,實施例如前文說明之治療可結合至少一種非類固醇抗炎藥(NSAID)。本發明涵蓋萃取物可提升甚至低(低於治療)劑量NSAID之活性,藉此減輕副作用之嚴重程度。此外,本發明之組成物之調配物也可作用來提升NSAID活性,因而允許獲得更高功效及/或減低所需NSAID劑量之優點。
根據本發明之又一面相,提供使用實質上如前述之油萃取物製造如前述之治療用調配物之用途。
由前文說明,須了解提供一種根據技藝界實質上含有較高濃度活性化合物且至少對關節活動性有利之油萃取物。也提供相關口服調配物之局部調配物及各種發炎相關病症及症狀之治療。
迫切需要有有效抗炎產物,其可長期使用而比較目前藥物具有較少非期望之效應。因此本發明之萃取物可滿足此項需求。預期每日投予含有NAE豐富之海洋系材料萃取物之食品或調配物,表示發炎病症之預防或治療上之理想
治療模型。
本發明之其它面相由僅供舉例說明用之後文說明及參照附圖將更為彰顯,附圖中:第1圖為代表性綠唇貽貝萃取物之LC/MS層析圖,顯示含PEA之尖峰(箭頭,下軌跡)係於時間=10分鐘。尖峰之相對尺寸驗證PEA組成總離子電流(上軌跡)之可察覺部分,提示萃取物中存在有顯著量之PEA。
提出下列實例顯示由發明人所製造及涵蓋之有關富含NAE油萃取物之調配物。
進行實驗來測定市面上由以實驗室規模(試驗1)收穫自紐西蘭水域之藍貽貝(Mytilus edulis)及綠唇貽貝(Perna canaliculus)中之PEA含量。進行第二實驗來以模擬工業規模(試驗2)測定綠唇貽貝中之PEA含量及AEA含量。
方法
於萃取自新鮮收穫之藍貽貝及綠貽貝之乾燥肉中之粗產物脂質中,藉LC/MS測定PEA含量及AEA含量,且以微克/克濕肉報告(下表1;Giuffrida等人,2000)。
綠唇貽貝之脂質萃取物中存在有PEA可藉第1圖之LC/MS獲得驗證,此處箭頭指示PEA峰。
結果
結論-試驗1及試驗2
1)綠唇貽貝中之PEA含量高於兩種藍貽貝種屬。由於以相等重量為基準,綠唇貽貝含有較多肉,因而有略微較高比例之乾物質,至少可部分解釋綠唇貽貝之PEA含量比藍貽貝更高。
2)綠唇貽貝中之AEA濃度也比地中海貽貝更高,但其絕對濃度低。
說明於萃取前,綠唇貽貝肉中富含NAE之內生性濃度之方法。於本實例中,得自商業上收穫之貽貝之經過均化之貽貝肉/完好貽貝肉於實驗室中於各種條件下培養,容後詳述。於有氧或無氧條件下於大氣壓下,於4℃或10℃培養時間於小時至144小時之範圍。整個試驗過程中以固定時間間隔監視組織pH。培養期結束時,將組織冷凍,隨後將組織凍乾。緊密監控實驗條件來最小化可能的干擾因素,諸如不同批次貽貝間之差異、冷凍條件或凍乾條件之差異等。NAE及ω-3含量係於凍乾貽貝測定。
實驗結果顯示於有氧條件下於10℃培養長達144小時而由均化貽貝所製備之乾肉,比較恰於均化之後冷凍之同
一批次貽貝所製備之乾肉具有5倍至10倍高之PEA及AEA含量。
發明人出乎意夕卜地發現甚至經過144小時培養後,同一個經乾燥之貽貝樣本中仍然保有大部分PUFAω-3含量(DHA、EPA及ALA)。
此外,於給定之時間及溫度,乾燥後製品之微生物含量出乎意外地低。
如前文說明,須了解本發明之油萃取物富含NAE化合物,包括但非限於PEA。舉例言之,本發明之萃取物含有PEA、AEA及/或PUFA。脂質萃取物內部之濃度輪廓資料預期為:3.0-57.0微克/克PEA或以上;0.1-5.2微克/克阿南拉邁或以上及/或至少3克/100克DHA及5克/100克EPA。
本發明之一個實施例中說明口服配方。例如,典型口服配方包括本發明之貽貝脂質萃取物(油)含有或未含有載劑脂質及抗氧化劑容納於凝膠膠囊劑內部。成人使用劑量約為每日1至2次,每次1-4膠囊。預期此種用法用量將可提供一慢性發炎特別係涉及關節(關節炎)之慢性發炎之疼痛與腫脹的緩解。
於又一實施例中,本發明之油萃取物用於局部調配物。舉例言之,局部調配物可包括一種乳膏劑或洗劑含有本發明之脂質萃取物(油),含有或未含有載劑脂質及抗氧化
劑。其它可用於乳膏劑/洗劑之物質包括但非限於:丙二醇、水、甘油、三酸甘油酯類、氫化卵磷脂、菜鹼、羥乙基纖維素、羧乙基聚合物鈉、鮫鯊烯、黃膠。
乳膏劑每日1至3次局部施用至患部來緩解皮膚乾燥、泛紅、腫脹、搔癢及減少皮膚的增厚。
於一額外實例中,如前文說明之口服或局部用調配物用來治療急性發炎。於一個實例中,萃取物係於發炎開始(例如軟組織受傷)之4小時內投藥,來減少症狀的嚴重度且可能縮短復原時間。
於又一個實例中,本發明之油萃取物用於機能性食品。於此種實例中,食用食物來減輕發炎症狀的發展,包括前文說明之發炎症狀。
舉例言之,產物可為本發明之油萃取物呈備用狀態,可由消費者或產品製造商添加(例如混合入)各種食品。
於一個實例中,本發明之油萃取物經過霧化來製造微球且由製造商添加至一定範圍之食品。
本發明之油萃取物可與NSAID共同投予。舉例言之,低劑量NSAID及口服劑量之本發明萃取物用來治療慢性發炎(例如類風濕性關節炎或骨關節炎;成人劑量:以NSAID之相同時間及頻次服用1-4顆膠囊)。本發明萃取物可增強低劑量NSAID之抗炎效果,如此可降低非期望效應之風險。
經由比較先前技術商品,進一步研究本發明萃取物(綠唇貽貝產物;述於US 6,083,536及US 6,346,278)。本發明萃取物富含脂質醯胺包括NAE化合物諸如PEA及AEA。本發明萃取物也包括PUFA化合物諸如EPA及DHA。本發明萃取物中之各種關鍵性成分之相對含量與市售綠唇貽貝商品做比較(下表2)。
表2資料顯示本發明萃取物比較市售綠唇貽貝商品,前者含有實質較高濃度之NAE(PEA含量高17倍及AEA含量高26倍)及ω-3(特別為DHA及EPA)。
須了解使用本發明之組成物之調配物可單純為未經稀釋之萃取物,或可混合其它成分,因而稀釋前述各成分,但稀釋至與市售綠唇貽貝商品不同程度。
已經說明本發明之各面相,但僅供舉例說明之用,須了解可未悖離如隨附之申請專利範圍所界定之本發明之範圍而做出多項修改與添加。
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第1圖為代表性綠唇貽貝萃取物之LC/MS層析圖,顯示含PEA之尖峰(箭頭,下軌跡)係於時間=10分鐘。尖峰之相對尺寸驗證PEA組成總離子電流(上軌跡)之可察覺部分,提示萃取物中存在有顯著量之PEA。
Claims (47)
- 一種含有得自雙殼軟體動物的一油萃取物之組成物,該雙殼軟體動物係富含N-醯基乙醇胺(NAE)化合物,以萃取前之雙殼軟體動物的肉之濕重測定,該組成物包括至少0.10微克/克之N-棕櫚醯基乙醇醯胺(PEA)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該組成物包括選自於下列之NAE化合物:月桂醯基乙醇醯胺,C12:0;N-肉豆蔻醯基乙醇醯胺,C14:0;N-棕櫚醯基乙醇醯胺(PEA),C16:0;N-硬脂醯基乙醇醯胺,C18:0;N-油醯基乙醇醯胺,C18:1;N-亞油醯基乙醇醯胺,C18:2;及N-花生四烯醯基乙醇醯胺(AEA),C20:4;N-廿一醯基乙醇醯胺,C20:1,及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中以萃取前之雙殼軟體動物的肉之濕重測定,該組成物包括PEA之含量係大於0.20微克/克。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中以萃取前之雙殼軟體動物的肉之濕重測定,該組成物包括AEA之含量係大於0.008微克/克。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中以萃取前之乾雙殼軟體動物測定,該組成物包括PEA之含量係大於1.0微克/克。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中以萃取前之乾雙殼軟體動物測定,該組成物包括AEA之含量係大於0.09微克/克。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該雙殼軟體動物為綠貽貝屬(Perna)之貽貝。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該雙殼軟體動物為藍貽貝屬(Mytilus)之貽貝。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該組成物也包括至少一種多元不飽和脂肪酸(PUFA)化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之組成物,其中該PUFA化合物為ω-3型脂肪酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之組成物,其中該PUFA化合物係選自於:4,7,10,13,16,19-廿二碳六烯酸(DHA;22:6n3)、5,8,11,14,17-廿碳四烯酸(EPA;20:5n3)、6,9,12,15-十八碳四烯酸(OTA;18:4n3)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸(ALA;18:3n3)、7,10,13,16,19-廿二碳戊烯酸(DPA;22:5n3)、11,14,17-廿碳三烯酸(ETA;20:3n3)、8,11,14,17-廿碳四烯酸(20:4n3)及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之組成物,其中於粗萃取物中之DHA含量係高於4克/100克。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之組成物,其中於粗萃取物中之EPA含量係高於6克/100克。
- 一種含有得自海洋系有機體之一油萃取物之組成物,其係富含脂肪酸醯胺化合物且亦包括至少一種ω-3型脂肪酸化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之組成物,其中該脂肪酸醯胺化合物包括N-醯基乙醇胺(NAE)化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之組成物,其中該組成物包括選自於下列之NAE化合物:月桂醯基乙醇醯胺,C12:0;N-肉豆蔻醯基乙醇醯胺,C14:0;N-棕櫚醯基乙醇醯胺(PEA),C16:0;N-硬脂醯基乙醇醯胺,C18:0;N-油醯基乙醇醯胺,C18:1;N-亞油醯基乙醇醯胺,C18:2;及N-花生四烯醯基乙醇醯胺(AEA),C20:4;N-廿一醯基乙醇醯胺,C20:1,及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之組成物,其中以萃取前之海洋系有機體肉之濕重測定,該組成物包括之PEA含量係大於0.10微克/克。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之組成物,其中以萃取前之海洋系有機體之濕重測定,該組成物包括AEA之含量係大於0.008微克/克。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之組成物,其中該海洋系有機體為雙殼軟體動物。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之組成物,其中該海洋系有機體為為綠貽貝屬(Perna)之貽貝。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之組成物,其中該雙殼軟體動物為藍貽貝屬(Mytilus)之貽貝。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之組成物,其中該ω-3型脂肪酸化合物係選自於:4,7,10,13,16,19-廿二碳六烯酸(DHA;22:6n3)、5,8,11,14,17-廿碳四烯酸(EPA;20:5n3)、6,9,12,15-十八碳四烯酸(OTA;18:4n3)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸(ALA;18:3n3)、7,10,13,16,19-廿二碳戊烯酸(DPA; 22:5n3)、11,14,17-廿碳三烯酸(ETA;20:3n3)、8,11,14,17-廿碳四烯酸(20:4n3)及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第22項之組成物,其中於粗萃取物中之DHA含量係高於4克/100克。
- 如申請專利範圍第22項之組成物,其中於粗萃取物中之EPA含量係高於6克/100克。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該組成物係調配供經口投予。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該組成物係調配供局部投予。
- 一種經口或經局部投藥用之調配物,含有治療有效量之如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物。
- 一種經口或局部投藥用調配物,含有如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,以萃取前之雙殼軟體動物的肉濕重測定,包括至少0.10微克/克PEA。
- 一種經口或局部投藥用調配物,含有如申請專利範圍第14項之組成物,以萃取前之海洋系有機體濕重測定,包括至少0.10微克/克PEA。
- 如申請專利範圍第27項之調配物,其中該調配物為口服投藥用之膠囊劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第27項之調配物,其中該調配物為局部投藥用之乳膏劑。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物用於製造藥物之用途,該藥物係供經口或經局部投予來治療發炎及涉及發 炎之疾病。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第27項之調配物用於製造藥物之用途,該藥物係供經口或經局部投予來治療發炎及涉及發炎之疾病。
- 如申請專利範圍第32或33項之用途,其中該發炎為慢性。
- 如申請專利範圍第32或33項之用途,其中該疾病/病變為氣喘。
- 如申請專利範圍第32或33項之用途,其中該疾病/病變為發炎性腸病。
- 如申請專利範圍第32或33項之用途,其中該疾病/病變為類風濕性關節炎。
- 如申請專利範圍第32或33項之用途,其中該疾病/病變為骨關節炎。
- 如申請專利範圍第32或33項之用途,其中該疾病/病變為腎絲球體性腎炎。
- 如申請專利範圍第32或33項之用途,其中該疾病/病變為動脈粥狀硬化發生。
- 如申請專利範圍第32或33項之用途,其中該疾病/病變為阿茲海默氏病。
- 如申請專利範圍第32或33項之用途,其中該疾病/病變為神經病變性疼痛。
- 如申請專利範圍第32或33項之用途,其中該疾病/病變涉及皮膚。
- 如申請專利範圍第43項之用途,其中欲治療之皮膚疾病包括異位性皮膚炎/濕疹或接觸性皮膚炎。
- 如申請專利範圍第32或33項之用途,其中該發炎為急性。
- 一種使海洋系材料富含脂肪酸醯胺化合物之方法,其包含下述步驟:a)自一海洋系有機體獲取組織;b)將該組織維持在實質上4-10℃至少實質上24至144小時。
- 如申請專利範圍第46項之方法,更包含下述步驟:c)將該組織乾燥。
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AUPN531195A0 (en) | 1995-09-11 | 1995-10-05 | J.W. Broadbent Nominees Pty. Ltd. | Lipid extract having anti-inflamatory activity |
NZ314867A (en) | 1997-05-21 | 1999-04-29 | Mcfarlane Lab New Zealand Ltd | Glucosamine and mussel extract compositions for use as anti-inflammatories |
NZ329018A (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2000-04-28 | Ind Res Ltd | Extracting glycogen from Green Shell Mussels and the use of the glycogen as a food supplement or additive or in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. |
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CN1304988A (zh) * | 2000-06-09 | 2001-07-25 | 山东绿叶制药股份有限公司 | 贻贝油及其制备方法和用途 |
NZ510407A (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2004-05-28 | Healtheries Of New Zealand Ltd | Mussel extract derivative with anti-inflammatory activity |
NZ552238A (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2009-07-31 | Seperex Nutritionals Ltd | An extract |
-
2006
- 2006-12-20 NZ NZ552238A patent/NZ552238A/en unknown
-
2007
- 2007-12-18 GB GB0911796A patent/GB2458599B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-12-18 DE DE112007003136T patent/DE112007003136T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-18 CN CN201310165801.9A patent/CN103638003A/zh active Pending
- 2007-12-18 WO PCT/NZ2007/000370 patent/WO2008075978A2/en active Search and Examination
- 2007-12-18 KR KR1020097014697A patent/KR20090103918A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-12-18 CA CA2710054A patent/CA2710054C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-12-18 CN CN200780051038XA patent/CN101641089B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-12-19 TW TW096148626A patent/TWI405568B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2010
- 2010-03-30 HK HK10103288.3A patent/HK1136218A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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MURPHY, K. J. et al, "Fatty acid and sterol composition of frozen and freeze dried New Zealand Green Lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus) from three sites in New Zealand". Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2003, Vol. 12, No.1, page50-60 * |
SEPE, N. et al, "Bioactive long chain N-acylethanolamines in five species of edible bivalve mussels Possible implications for mollusc physiology and sea food industry", Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1998, Vol. 1389, page101-111 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103638003A (zh) | 2014-03-19 |
GB2458599A (en) | 2009-09-30 |
CA2710054A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
CN101641089B (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
HK1136218A1 (en) | 2010-06-25 |
CN101641089A (zh) | 2010-02-03 |
GB0911796D0 (en) | 2009-08-19 |
WO2008075978A2 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
GB2458599B (en) | 2011-03-23 |
TW200833318A (en) | 2008-08-16 |
DE112007003136T5 (de) | 2009-11-19 |
KR20090103918A (ko) | 2009-10-01 |
WO2008075978A3 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
CA2710054C (en) | 2012-11-20 |
NZ552238A (en) | 2009-07-31 |
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