WO2015106633A1 - 一种9-烯丙基喜树碱衍生物的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种9-烯丙基喜树碱衍生物的合成方法 Download PDF

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WO2015106633A1
WO2015106633A1 PCT/CN2014/096002 CN2014096002W WO2015106633A1 WO 2015106633 A1 WO2015106633 A1 WO 2015106633A1 CN 2014096002 W CN2014096002 W CN 2014096002W WO 2015106633 A1 WO2015106633 A1 WO 2015106633A1
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compound
tri
tert
butylphosphine
palladium
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PCT/CN2014/096002
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English (en)
French (fr)
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江磊
刘磊
李磊
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上海海和药物研究开发有限公司
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Priority to CA2935504A priority Critical patent/CA2935504C/en
Priority to EP14878733.6A priority patent/EP3095785B1/en
Priority to MX2016009179A priority patent/MX365384B/es
Priority to SG11201605485QA priority patent/SG11201605485QA/en
Priority to KR1020167022281A priority patent/KR101887447B1/ko
Priority to JP2016564366A priority patent/JP6216895B2/ja
Priority to RU2016133470A priority patent/RU2658017C2/ru
Priority to US15/111,452 priority patent/US9643975B2/en
Priority to BR112016016361A priority patent/BR112016016361A2/pt
Priority to AU2014378009A priority patent/AU2014378009B2/en
Publication of WO2015106633A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015106633A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/22Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/1616Coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes, immobilised on an inorganic support, e.g. ship-in-a-bottle type catalysts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/24Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/55Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

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  • the invention belongs to the field of drug synthesis.
  • the present invention relates to a method for synthesizing a 9-allyl camptothecin derivative (ximinectine hydrochloride, compound 1H).
  • the main synthesis method of Ximingtan hydrochloride is obtained by condensation of 9-allyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (compound 6) with piperidinylpiperidine chloroformate chloride (compound 7).
  • compound 6 mainly has two synthetic methods.
  • This synthetic route is the route currently used in pilot production.
  • this route has obvious disadvantages: First, an isomer impurity (compound 9) rearranged to the 11 position during the rearrangement process, which is difficult to completely remove even if using column chromatography; secondly, heavy The reaction process lasts for 72 hours, and compound 8 cannot be completely converted into compound 6. When the reaction stops, a large amount of compound 8 still exists in the reaction system. Due to the similar structure of the product and impurities, the overall yield is obviously low and separated. It is difficult to purify. In the actual operation, we found that the purity of compound 6 is difficult to reach more than 95%, which results in the final product 1H requiring multiple recrystallization purification, further reducing the yield. The current total yield of this route is about 16-20%.
  • X is Cl, Br or I
  • R is a commonly used protecting group, specifically methoxymethyl, acetyl, ethoxycarbonyl and the like.
  • reaction route can obtain the compound 6 with higher purity and avoids the rearrangement of the isomer 9, there are still obvious problems: First, if Stille coupling is used, a highly toxic tin reagent is required. This needs to be avoided as much as possible in the production of the drug; secondly, for the Suzuki coupling, the reaction is two more steps than the previous synthetic route, and the overall yield is not significantly improved, resulting in an increase in labor and operating costs; Again, the activity of the palladium catalyst used in the reaction is low, and a good yield cannot be obtained. Finally, there are two steps in the reaction that require column chromatography to separate and purify, further increasing the complexity of the operation and the production cost. This route is not in actual production applications.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide 10-((4'-piperidylpiperidine)carbonyloxy)-9-allyl camptothecin hydrochloride monohydrate with good selectivity, high purity and high overall yield.
  • Method for synthesizing the compound (Compound 1).
  • the use of this method can greatly improve the yield, reduce the production cost, save time, and directly obtain high-purity clinical raw materials.
  • X is a halogen
  • the halogen is chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • a method for preparing a compound 14 comprising the steps of: reacting a compound 13 with a compound 7 in an inert solvent to obtain a compound 14;
  • X is a halogen
  • the compound 13 is prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
  • the compound 3 is halogenated with an halogenating reagent in an inert solvent to obtain a compound 13;
  • the halogenating agent is selected from the group consisting of bromine, iodine, iodine chloride, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), N-iodosuccinimide (NIS). , bromine chloride, 1,3-dibromo-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione.
  • a method for preparing a compound 1 comprising the steps of: performing a Suzuki reaction of a compound 14 with an allyl boron reagent to obtain a compound 1;
  • X is a halogen
  • the allyl boron reagent is selected from the group consisting of allyl boronic acid pinacol ester and allyl boron fluoride complex salt.
  • the allyl boron fluoride complex salt is selected from the group consisting of a complex salt of allyl boron fluoride and potassium fluoride.
  • the compound 14 is produced by the preparation method of the second aspect of the invention.
  • the Suzuki reaction is carried out in a system containing the following reagents: a palladium catalyst, a phosphine ligand, a base, and an inert solvent.
  • the palladium catalyst is selected from the group consisting of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (Pd 2 (dba) 3 ), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 ), palladium acetate, dichloro Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium trifluoroacetate, palladium triphenylphosphine acetate, bis(trio-phenylmethylphosphine)palladium dichloride, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane Palladium chloride or a combination thereof;
  • the phosphine ligand is selected from the group consisting of tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate, tri-n-butylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, tri-p-phenylmethylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, and tri-ortho a benzylphosphine or a combination thereof;
  • the base is selected from the group consisting of potassium fluoride, cesium fluoride, potassium hydrate hydrate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, 1,8-diazabicyclo ring [5.4. 0] undec-7-ene, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine or a combination thereof;
  • the inert solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, toluene, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, isobutanol, benzyl alcohol, water or a combination thereof.
  • the palladium catalyst is selected from the group consisting of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (Pd 2 (dba) 3 ), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 ) or a combination thereof; and/or
  • the phosphine ligand is selected from the group consisting of tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate or a combination thereof;
  • the base is selected from the group consisting of potassium fluoride, cesium fluoride, potassium hydrate hydrate, and di-isolated Propylethylamine, triethylamine or a combination thereof;
  • the inert solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-dioxane, isopropanol, water, benzyl alcohol or a combination thereof.
  • the Suzuki reaction is carried out in a system selected from the group consisting of:
  • the method further comprises the step of acidifying Compound 1 to give Compound 1H.
  • the inventors have conducted extensive and intensive research and found a preparation of 10-((4'-piperidylpiperidine)carbonyloxy)-9-allyl camptothecin hydrochloride monohydrate (Compound 1
  • the intermediate and a preparation method of the compound 1, the method has good selectivity, high purity, and the overall yield is remarkably improved, which can greatly reduce the production cost, save time, and directly obtain a high-purity clinical raw material medicine.
  • the inventors completed the present invention.
  • the invention provides a preparation method of the compound 1, which comprises the 10-hydroxycamptothecin (compound 3) as a raw material, and obtains the compound 1 by a three-step reaction of halogenation, coupling and Suzuki reaction, and the method comprises the steps of:
  • the halogenating agent may be any known halogenating agent, for example, selected from the group consisting of bromine, iodine, iodine chloride, N-bromosuccinimide, N-iodosuccinimide, Bromine chloride, 1,3-dibromo-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione.
  • the Suzuki reaction is carried out in a system selected from the group consisting of which some conditions have been experimentally verified, and some of the conditions are empirically and can be accomplished by simple reagent replacement: (1) tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, fluorine Potassium, tri-tert-butylphosphine and 1,4-dioxane; (2) tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, tri-tert-butylphosphine, potassium hydrate hydrate and 1,4-dioxane (3) tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, tri-tert-butylphosphine, potassium carbonate and 1,4-dioxane; (4) tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, tri-tert-butyl Phosphine, potassium hydrate hydrate, potassium fluoride and 1,4-dioxane; (5) tris(dibenzylideneace
  • the compound 1 can be purified by a purification step such as filtration, column chromatography or recrystallization.
  • the method may further comprise the step of acidifying Compound 1 to give Compound 1H.
  • the present invention mainly includes the following advantages:
  • a novel process for the preparation of Compound 1 is provided. Compared with the production process currently in use, the synthesis process can reduce the production time of one batch by more than 50%, greatly improving production efficiency. Secondly, the total yield is increased from 16-20% to 70-80%, greatly improving the use efficiency of raw materials and reducing costs. Finally, the process circumvents the highly toxic 9-allyl-10 hydroxycamptothecin (compound 6) intermediate, Greatly improved the safety of the operator. And the process is also very simple.
  • Compound 1 can also be produced from Compound 16 or Compound 17 under the following conditions.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

一种以化合物14为重要中间体制备9-烯丙基喜树碱衍生物的方法,该方法的总收率高。

Description

一种9-烯丙基喜树碱衍生物的合成方法 技术领域
本发明属于药物合成领域。具体地,本发明涉及一种9-烯丙基喜树碱衍生物(盐酸希明替康,化合物1H)的合成方法。
背景技术
中国科学院上海药物研究所于2007年在10-羟基喜树碱的基础上,对喜树碱母核的9位进行了一系列的修饰(WO2005044821,WO2007104214),并最终发现其中的9-烯丙基-10-羟基喜树碱(又名吉米替康,化合物6)在体内外评价中均显示出十分优异的抗肿瘤活性。其水溶性前药盐酸希明替康(化合物1H)经过全面的药物评价,于2010年10月向CFDA申请临床试验并于2012年5月获得临床试验批件,是一个具有良好前景的抗肿瘤药物侯选物。
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000001
目前,盐酸希明替康的主要合成方法是由9-烯丙基-10-羟基喜树碱(化合物6)与哌啶基哌啶氯甲酸酰氯(化合物7)进行缩合而成。
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000002
其中,化合物6主要有两种合成方法。
一种是以10-羟基喜树碱为原料,经过烷基化和克莱森重排(Claisen Rearrangement)两步反应得到(WO2005044821),其路线如下:
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000003
这条合成路线是目前中试生产所采用的路线。但是这条路线有明显的缺点:首先,在重排过程中会产生一个重排至11位的异构体杂质(化合物9),此化合物即使使用柱层析也很难完全除去;其次,重排反应过程的时间长达72小时,且化合物8不能完全转化为化合物6,反应停止时仍有大量化合物8在反应体系中存在,由于产物及杂质结构相近,造成整体收率明显偏低且分离纯化困难。在实际操作过程中我们发现化合物6的纯度很难达到95%以上,由此导致最终产物1H需多次重结晶纯化,进一步降低了产率。目前此路线的总产率约为16-20%。
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000004
另外一种文献报道的合成化合物6的方法是采用金属钯催化偶联反应(Suzuki或者Stille偶联)得到化合物6(CN101880285),其反应路线如下:
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000005
其中,X为Cl、Br或I,R为常用的保护基,具体为甲氧基甲基,乙酰基,乙氧羰基等。
该反应路线虽然可以得到纯度较高的化合物6且避开了重排异构体9,但是仍有明显的问题:首先,如果采用Stille偶联的话,需要用到高毒性的锡试剂, 这在药物生产中是需要尽量避免使用的;其次,对于Suzuki偶联来说,与之前的合成路线相比,反应多了两步,且整体收率无明显提高,造成人工及运行成本增加;再次,反应中所采用的钯催化剂的活性较低,不能得到很好的收率;最后,反应中有两步需要用到柱层析分离纯化,进一步推高的操作的复杂程度及生产成本。这条路线并未在实际生产用应用。
因此,开发出一种高效、低成本、易放大、可重复性好的化合物1的合成工艺对将来药物的工业化生产有着很重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的提供一种选择性好、纯度高、整体收率高的10-((4’-哌啶基哌啶)羰氧基)-9-烯丙基喜树碱盐酸盐一水合物(化合物1)的合成方法。使用该方法能大幅提高收率,降低生产成本,节省时间,直接得到高纯度的临床用原料药。
在本发明的第一方面中,提供了一种式14所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000006
式中,X为卤素。
在另一优选例中,所述卤素为氯、溴、碘。
在本发明第三方面中,提供了一种化合物14的制备方法,包括步骤:在惰性溶剂中,将化合物13与化合物7进行反应,从而得到化合物14;
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000007
上述各式中,X为卤素。
在另一优选例中,所述化合物13由包含以下步骤的方法制得:
在惰性溶剂中,将化合物3与卤代试剂进行卤化反应,从而得到化合物13;
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000008
在另一优选例中,所述卤代试剂选自下组:溴、碘、氯化碘、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)、N-碘代丁二酰亚胺(NIS)、氯化溴、1,3-二溴-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三酮。
在本发明第三方面中,提供了一种化合物1的制备方法,包括步骤:将化合物14与烯丙基硼试剂进行Suzuki反应,从而得到化合物1;
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000009
上述各式中,X为卤素。
在另一优选例中,所述烯丙基硼试剂选自下组:烯丙基硼酸频哪醇酯、烯丙基氟化硼复合盐。
在另一优选例中,所述烯丙基氟化硼复合盐选自下组:烯丙基氟化硼与氟化钾的复合盐。
在另一优选例中,所述化合物14由本发明第二方面所述制备方法制得。
在另一优选例中,所述Suzuki反应在含有如下试剂的体系中进行:钯催化剂、膦配体、碱和惰性溶剂。
在另一优选例中,
所述钯催化剂选自下组:三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(Pd2(dba)3)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)、醋酸钯、二氯二(三苯基膦)钯、三氟醋酸钯、三苯基膦醋酸钯、双(三邻苯甲基膦)二氯化钯、1,2-二(二苯基膦基)乙烷二氯化钯或其组合;
所述膦配体选自下组:三叔丁基膦、四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦、三正丁基膦、三苯基膦、三对苯甲基膦、三环己基膦、三邻苯甲基膦或其组合;所述碱选自下组:氟化钾、氟化铯、水合磷酸钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、吡啶或其组合;
所述惰性溶剂选自下组:1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃、乙腈、二甲基亚砜、 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、异丁醇、苄醇、水或其组合。
在另一优选例中,所述钯催化剂选自下组:三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(Pd2(dba)3)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)或其组合;和/或
所述膦配体选自下组:三叔丁基膦、四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦或其组合;所述碱选自下组:氟化钾、氟化铯、水合磷酸钾、二异丙基乙胺、三乙胺或其组合;
所述惰性溶剂选自下组:1,4-二氧六环、异丙醇、水、苄醇或其组合。
在另一优选例中,所述Suzuki反应在选自下组的体系中进行:
(1)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、氟化钾、三叔丁基膦和1,4-二氧六环;
(2)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、水合磷酸钾和1,4-二氧六环;
(3)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、碳酸钾和1,4-二氧六环;
(4)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、水合磷酸钾、氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;
(5)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;
(6)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、氟化铯和1,4-二氧六环;
(7)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、三乙胺、氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;
(8)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、三乙胺、氟化钾和四氢呋喃;
(9)四(三苯基膦)钯、三叔丁基膦、氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;
(10)醋酸钯、三叔丁基膦、氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;
(11)二氯二(三苯基膦)钯、三叔丁基膦、氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环。
(12)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、三乙胺、氟化钾和甲醇;
(13)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、氟化钾和甲醇;
(14)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺和甲醇;
(15)四(三苯基膦)钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺和甲醇;
(16)二氯二(三苯基膦)钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺和甲醇;
(17)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三苯基膦、二异丙基乙胺、氟化钾和异丙醇;
(18)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺和异丙醇;
(19)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、氟化钾、水和异丙醇;
(20)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、氟化钾、水和正丁醇;
(21)二氯二(三苯基膦)钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、水和正丁醇;
(22)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、氟化钾和正丁醇;
(23)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺和正丁醇;
(24)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、氟化钾、四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、1,4-二氧六环和水;
(25)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、氟化钾、四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、1,4-二氧六环和水;
(26)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、氟化钾、四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、异丙醇和水。
在另一优选例中,所述方法还包括步骤:将化合物1酸化得到化合物1H。
应理解,在本发明范围内中,本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。限于篇幅,在此不再一一累述。
具体实施方式
本发明人经过广泛而深入的研究,发现了一种制备10-((4’-哌啶基哌啶)羰氧基)-9-烯丙基喜树碱盐酸盐一水合物(化合物1)的中间体以及一种化合物1的制备方法,该方法选择性好、纯度高、整体收率显著提高,可极大地降低生产成本、节省时间、直接得到高纯度的临床用原料药。在此基础上,发明人完成了本发明。
本发明提供了一种化合物1的制备方法,其以10-羟基喜树碱(化合物3)为原料,通过卤代、偶联以及Suzuki反应三步反应得到化合物1,所述方法包括步骤:
(1)在惰性溶剂(如DMF、CCl4、氯仿、乙酸等)中,在一定温度(如-20℃至50℃)下,将化合物3与卤代试剂进行卤化反应一段时间(如0.5至6小时),从而得到化合物13;其中,X为卤素(如氯、溴、碘);
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000010
其中,所述卤代试剂可以是任何已知的卤化试剂,例如选自下组:溴、碘、氯化碘、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺、N-碘代丁二酰亚胺、氯化溴,1,3-二溴-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三酮。
(2)在惰性溶剂(如二氯甲烷、吡啶、四氢呋喃等)中,在一定温度(如-20℃至25℃)下,将化合物13与化合物7进行反应一段时间(如0.5至3h),从而得到化合物14;
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000011
(3)在一定温度(如50℃至120℃)下,将化合物14与烯丙基硼试剂进行Suzuki反应一段时间(如1至18h),从而得到化合物1;
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000012
所述Suzuki反应在选自下组的体系中进行,其中部分条件经过实验验证,另外部分条件根据经验,可经过简单的试剂替换完成:(1)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,氟化钾,三叔丁基膦和1,4-二氧六环;(2)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基膦,水合磷酸钾和1,4-二氧六环;(3)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基膦,碳酸钾和1,4-二氧六环;(4)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基膦,水合磷酸钾,氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;(5)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基膦,二异丙基乙基胺,氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;(6)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基膦,二异丙基乙基胺,氟化铯和1,4-二氧六环;(7)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基膦,三乙胺,氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;(8)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、三乙胺、 氟化钾和四氢呋喃;(9)四三苯基膦钯,三叔丁基膦,氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;(10)醋酸钯,三叔丁基膦,氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;(11)二氯二三苯基膦钯,三叔丁基膦,氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;(12)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基膦,三乙胺,氟化钾和甲醇;(13)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基膦,二异丙基乙胺,氟化钾和甲醇;(14)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基膦,二异丙基乙胺和甲醇;(15)四(三苯基膦)钯,三叔丁基膦,二异丙基乙胺和甲醇;(16)二氯二(三苯基膦)钯,三叔丁基膦,二异丙基乙胺和甲醇;(17)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三苯基膦,二异丙基乙胺,氟化钾和异丙醇;(18)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦,二异丙基乙胺和异丙醇;(19)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基膦,二异丙基乙胺,氟化钾,水和异丙醇;(20)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基膦,二异丙基乙胺,氟化钾,水和正丁醇;(21)二氯二(三苯基膦)钯,三叔丁基膦,二异丙基乙胺,水和正丁醇;(22)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基膦,二异丙基乙胺,氟化钾和正丁醇;(23)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基膦,二异丙基乙胺和正丁醇;(24)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、氟化钾、四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、1,4-二氧六环和水;(25)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、氟化钾、四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、1,4-二氧六环和水;(26)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、氟化钾、四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、异丙醇和水。
步骤(3)中,Suzuki反应结束后,可通过过滤、柱层析、重结晶等纯化步骤纯化化合物1。
另外,所述方法还可以包括步骤:将化合物1酸化得到化合物1H。
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000013
与现有技术相比,本发明主要包括以下优点:
1.提供了一种新型的化合物1的制备方法。和目前在使用的生产工艺相比,本合成工艺可以将一个批次的生产时间缩短50%以上,大大提高了生产效率。其次,总的收率从16-20%提高到70-80%,大大提升的原料的使用效率,降低了成本。最后,工艺避开了毒性很强的9-烯丙基-10羟基喜树碱(化合物6)中间体, 大大提高了操作人员的安全性。且本工艺操作也非常简单。
2.还提供了一种制备化合物1的中间体的方法。
下面结合具体实施,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明,否则百分比和份数按重量计算。
反应一:
实施例1
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000014
10-羟基喜树碱(化合物3,20.0g,54.95mmol)溶于DMF(480mL)中,冰水浴至内温0℃后,加入N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(9.78g,54.95mmol),室温下反应2h,反应完毕后倒入800mL冰水中,用1N HCl调节pH值到3-4。充分搅拌后抽滤,水洗,鼓风烘箱40℃烘干,得黄色固体(化合物13')24g,产率98%。
HNMR(DMSO-d6):δ0.87(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.82-1.89(m,2H),5.30(s,2H),5.42(s,2H),6.51(s,1H),7.28(s,1H),7.62(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),8.22(d,J=9.2,1H),8.74(s,1H),11.19(s,1H).
实施例2
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000015
10-羟基喜树碱(化合物3,500mg,1.37mmol)溶于DMF(12mL)中,冰水浴至内温0℃后,加入N-碘代丁二酰亚胺(309mg,1.37mmol),室温下反应2h,反应完毕后倒入20mL冰水中,用1N HCl调节pH值到3-4。充分搅拌后抽滤,水洗,鼓风烘箱40℃烘干,得黄色固体(化合物15)730mg,产率97%。
HNMR(DMSO-d6):δ0.87(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.82-1.89(m,2H),5.31(s,2H),5.42(s,2H),6.53(s,1H),7.28(s,1H),7.57(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),8.66(s,1H),11.29(s,1H).
反应二:
实施例3
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000016
碱化4-哌啶基哌啶甲酰氯盐酸盐的方法:
10%氢氧化钠预冷至室温,将4-哌啶基哌啶甲酰氯盐酸盐(23.5g,87.92mmol)置于反应瓶,加入二氯甲烷(240mL)搅拌至固体均匀分散,无明显结块,加入10%氢氧化钠(175mL),剧烈搅拌20秒,迅速分层,水层用二氯甲烷(120mL)提取,合并有机层,用饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,洗涤固体,旋干滤液,转移入小瓶,待用。
将化合物13'(24g,54.17mmol)置于反应瓶,加入吡啶(300mL),缓慢室温搅拌至全溶。全溶后,冰盐浴降温至内温约-10℃。将事先碱化好的4-哌啶基哌啶甲酰氯(化合物7,23.5g,87.92mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(50mL)中,转移入恒压滴液漏斗,缓慢滴加入反应液,控制内温-5℃以下。滴加完毕后,反应液室温搅拌2小时。待反应完毕,加入水(240mL)搅拌10min,二氯甲烷(240mL)提取,水层加入饱和碳酸钠溶液(24mL)洗涤,再用二氯甲烷提取(240mL),合并有机层,用饱和氯化钠溶液(300mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后旋干,并除去吡啶,得到的固体产物。然后将固体在二氯甲烷(含5%异丙醇)(75mL)和乙醚(220mL)中重结晶,过滤,收集晶体,用乙醚洗涤,40℃真空干燥。得产物(化合物16)约33g,淡黄色固体,产率95%。
HNMR(DMSO-d6):δ0.88(t,J=9.0Hz,3H),1.41-1.63(m,9H),1.81-1.92(m,4H),2.91-2.97(m,1H),3.10-3.16(m,1H),4.05-4.08(m,1H),4.31-4.35(m,1H),5.33(s,2H),5.43(s,2H),6.56(s,1H),7.35(s,1H),7.82(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.22(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.90(s,1H).
实施例4
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000017
将化合物15(730mg,54.17mmol)置于反应瓶,加入吡啶(10mL),缓慢室温搅拌至全溶。全溶后,冰盐浴降温至内温约-10℃。将事先碱化好的4-哌啶基哌啶甲酰氯(366mg,1.37mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(5mL),转移入滴液漏斗,缓慢滴加入反应液,控制内温-5℃以下(要求缓慢滴加)。滴加完毕,反应液室温搅拌2小时。反应完毕,加入水(20mL)搅拌10min,二氯甲烷(20mL)提取,水层加入饱和碳酸钠(5mL),再用二氯甲烷提取,合并有机层,饱和氯化钠(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后旋干,并除去吡啶,固体在二氯甲烷(含5%异丙醇)(2mL)和乙醚(6mL),中重结晶,过滤,收集晶体,用乙醚洗涤,40℃真空干燥。得产物淡黄色固体(化合物17)909mg,产率97%。
HNMR(DMSO-d6):δ0.88(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.41-1.66(m,9H),1.82-1.92(m,4H),2.90-2.97(m,1H),3.10-3.16(m,1H),4.06-4.09(m,1H),4.35-4.38(m,1H),5.35(s,2H),5.44(s,2H),6.56(s,1H),7.36(s,1H),7.73-7.76(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.18-8.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.83(s,1H).
反应三:
实施例5
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000018
将化合物16(2500mg,3.925mmol),Pd2(dba)3(359mg,0.392mmol),四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦(273mg,0.942mmol)和KF(6829mg,117.739mmol)置于250mL三口反应瓶中,氮气保护下,室温下加入1,4-二氧六环(150mL),搅拌 至均匀分散于体系中。再室温下,加入DIPEA(1519mg,11.774mmol),H2O(7064mg,392.465mmol),搅拌均匀,加入烯丙基硼酸频哪醇酯18(6593mg,39.246mmol),搅拌均匀,然后升温至60℃,反应2.5h。反应完毕后,加二氯甲烷20mL,硅藻土过滤,二氯甲烷30mL洗涤,旋干溶剂,柱层析(二氯甲烷:甲醇=50:1-15:1)得黄色固体(化合物1)2.2g,产率88%。
HNMR(DMSO-d6):δ0.89(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),1.37-1.39(m,1H),1.67-1.93(m,9H),2.17-2.23(m,2H),2.87-2.93(m,3H),3.09-3.13(m,1H),3.35-3.41(m,3H),3.81(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),4.16-4.18(m,1H),4.38-4.40(m,1H),5.01-5.07(m,2H),5.27(s,2H),5.43(s,2H),5.96-6.04(m,1H),6.53(s,1H),7.33(s,1H),7.68(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.87(s,1H),10.72(s,1H).
实施例6
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000019
将化合物17(100mg,0.146mmol),Pd2(dba)3(14mg,0.014mmol),四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦(8mg,0.015mmol)和KF(8mg,0.146mmol),三水合磷酸钾(116mg,0.438mmol),置于50mL三口反应瓶中,氮气保护下,室温下加入1,4-二氧六环(6mL),搅拌至均匀分散于体系中。再室温下,加入DIPEA(30mg,0.233mmol),H2O(28.3mg,1.570mmol),搅拌均匀,加入烯丙基硼酸频哪醇酯18(28mg,0.160mmol),搅拌均匀,然后升温至60℃,反应2.5h。反应完毕后,加二氯甲烷10mL,硅藻土过滤,滤饼用二氯甲烷10mL洗涤,旋干溶剂,柱层析(二氯甲烷:甲醇=50:1-15:1)得黄色固体(化合物1)35mg,产率40%。核磁数据同实施例5。
实施例7
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000020
将化合物16(1000mg,1.57mmol),化合物19(2320mg,15.7mmol),Pd2(dba)3(140mg,0.16mmol),四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦(110mg,0.24mmol)和 KF(2731mg,47.1mmol),置于100mL三口反应瓶中,氮气保护下,室温下加入异丙醇(60mL),搅拌。再加入DIPEA(608mg,4.71mmol),H2O(700mg,39mmol),搅拌升温至90℃,反应5h。反应完毕后,加二氯甲烷100mL,硅藻土过滤,二氯甲烷100mL洗涤,旋干溶剂,柱层析(二氯甲烷:甲醇=50:1-15:1)得黄色固体750mg,产率80%。核磁数据同实施例5。
也可以采用以下条件由化合物16或化合物17制得化合物1。
(1)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、氟化钾、三叔丁基膦和1,4-二氧六环;
(2)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、水合磷酸钾和1,4-二氧六环;
(3)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、碳酸钾和1,4-二氧六环;
(4)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、水合磷酸钾、氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;
(5)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;
(6)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、氟化铯和1,4-二氧六环;
(7)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、三乙胺、氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;
(8)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、三乙胺、氟化钾和四氢呋喃;
(9)四(三苯基膦)钯、三叔丁基膦、氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;
(10)醋酸钯、三叔丁基膦、氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环;
(11)二氯二(三苯基膦)钯、三叔丁基膦、氟化钾和1,4-二氧六环。
(12)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、三乙胺、氟化钾和甲醇;
(13)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、氟化钾和甲醇;
(14)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺和甲醇;
(15)四(三苯基膦)钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺和甲醇;
(16)二氯二(三苯基膦)钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺和甲醇;
(17)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三苯基膦、二异丙基乙胺、氟化钾和异丙醇;
(18)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺和异丙醇;
(19)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、氟化钾、水和异丙醇;
(20)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、氟化钾、水和 正丁醇;
(21)二氯二(三苯基膦)钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、水和正丁醇;
(22)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺、氟化钾和正丁醇;
(23)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三叔丁基膦、二异丙基乙胺和正丁醇;
反应四:
实施例8
Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-000021
将化合物1(5g)溶于二氯甲烷(含5%异丙醇),搅拌降温至10摄氏度以下。滴加4M的盐酸异丙醇溶液,至pH=3~5。将内温升至室温搅拌30分钟。逐滴滴加乙醚,滴加完毕,搅拌1小时,得黄色固体。过滤,滤饼用乙醚淋洗后在35℃下真空干燥,得约5.8g黄色固体。
将上面烘干固体加入(11mL)水,使之溶解,回流下滴加(88mL)丙酮,自然降温析晶,-10℃析晶过夜,次日过滤,丙酮洗涤,烘干,得到4.8g固体。固体再溶于(10mL)水,回流下滴加(85mL)的丙酮,自然降温析晶,-10℃析晶过夜,次日过滤,得到为淡黄色或白色固体的化合物1H(3.5g)。
HNMR(DMSO-d6):δ0.88(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.40-1.43(m,1H),1.70-1.93(m,9H),2.18-2.25(m,2H),2.93-2.99(m,3H),3.12-3.16(m,1H),3.35-3.42(m,3H),3.80-3.81(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.15-4.18(m,1H),4.37-4.40(m,1H),5.00-5.06(m,2H),5.27(s,2H),5.43(s,2H),5.96-6.03(m,1H),6.55(s,1H),7.33(s,1H),7.66-7.68(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.07-8.09(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.87(s,1H),10.62(s,1H)
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种式14所示的化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-100001
    式中,X为卤素。
  2. 一种化合物14的制备方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:在惰性溶剂中,将化合物13与化合物7进行反应,从而得到化合物14;
    Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-100002
    上述各式中,X为卤素。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述化合物13由包含以下步骤的方法制得:
    在惰性溶剂中,将化合物3与卤代试剂进行卤化反应,从而得到化合物13;
    Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-100003
  4. 一种化合物1的制备方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:将化合物14与烯丙基硼试剂进行Suzuki反应,从而得到化合物1;
    Figure PCTCN2014096002-appb-100004
    上述各式中,X为卤素。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烯丙基硼试剂选自下组:烯丙基硼酸频哪醇酯、烯丙基氟化硼复合盐。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述化合物14由权利要求2所述制备方法制得。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Suzuki反应在含有如下试剂的体系中进行:钯催化剂、膦配体、碱和惰性溶剂。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
    所述钯催化剂选自下组:三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(Pd2(dba)3)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)、醋酸钯、二氯二(三苯基膦)钯、三氟醋酸钯、三苯基膦醋酸钯、双(三邻苯甲基膦)二氯化钯、1,2-二(二苯基膦基)乙烷二氯化钯或其组合;
    所述膦配体选自下组:三叔丁基膦、四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦、三正丁基膦、三苯基膦、三对苯甲基膦、三环己基膦、三邻苯甲基膦或其组合;所述碱选自下组:氟化钾、氟化铯、水合磷酸钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、吡啶或其组合;所述惰性溶剂选自下组:1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃、乙腈、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、异丁醇、苄醇、水或其组合。
  9. 如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
    所述钯催化剂选自下组:三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(Pd2(dba)3)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)或其组合;所述膦配体选自下组:三叔丁基膦、四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦或其组合;和/或
    所述碱选自下组:氟化钾、氟化铯、水合磷酸钾、二异丙基乙胺、三乙胺或其组合;所述惰性溶剂选自下组:1,4-二氧六环、异丙醇、水、苄醇或其组合。
  10. 如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括步骤:将化合物1酸化得到化合物1H。
PCT/CN2014/096002 2014-01-15 2014-12-31 一种9-烯丙基喜树碱衍生物的合成方法 WO2015106633A1 (zh)

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