WO2015098291A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015098291A1 WO2015098291A1 PCT/JP2014/079204 JP2014079204W WO2015098291A1 WO 2015098291 A1 WO2015098291 A1 WO 2015098291A1 JP 2014079204 W JP2014079204 W JP 2014079204W WO 2015098291 A1 WO2015098291 A1 WO 2015098291A1
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- fuel cell
- oxidant gas
- resistance value
- fuel
- passage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04634—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04895—Current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system.
- a fuel cell having an electrolyte and a membrane electrode assembly having a cathode electrode and an anode electrode disposed on both sides of the electrolyte; an oxidant gas passage for supplying an oxidant gas to the cathode; 2.
- a fuel cell system including an oxidant gas supply path connected to an inlet and an oxidant gas supply unit disposed in the oxidant gas supply path for sending the oxidant gas to the cathode electrode has been known. ing.
- the wetness degree of the fuel cell is expressed by the output current value of the fuel cell. That is, the output current value of the fuel cell decreases as the wetness of the fuel cell decreases.
- the oxidant gas is sent to the fuel cell
- moisture is taken away from the fuel cell by the oxidant gas or the cathode off gas flowing out from the fuel cell.
- the amount of oxidant gas sent to the fuel cell decreases, the amount of water taken away from the fuel cell decreases.
- Patent Document 1 only suppresses the removal of moisture from the fuel cell. For this reason, there is a problem that it takes a long time to increase or recover the power generation amount of the fuel cell.
- a fuel cell having an electrolyte, a membrane electrode assembly having a cathode electrode and an anode electrode disposed on both sides of the electrolyte, and an oxidant gas passage for supplying an oxidant gas to the cathode electrode
- a fuel cell comprising: an oxidant gas supply passage connected to an inlet of the oxidant gas passage; and an oxidant gas supply device disposed in the oxidant gas supply passage for sending the oxidant gas to the cathode electrode.
- the cathode electrode includes a conductive material, a catalyst, and an ionomer covering the conductive material and the catalyst, and the output voltage value of the fuel cell is lower than a predetermined threshold voltage value and When the electric resistance value of the fuel cell is higher than a predetermined threshold resistance value, the amount of oxidant gas sent to the fuel cell is increased by controlling the oxidant gas supply device. Performing agent gas increasing control, the fuel cell system is provided.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view of a fuel cell system. It is a partial expanded sectional view of a membrane electrode assembly. It is a partial expanded sectional view of a cathode pole. It is a schematic diagram explaining the electrochemical reaction in a cathode electrode. It is a diagram which shows the oxygen solubility of an ionomer. It is a diagram which shows the change of the output voltage value of the fuel cell in a prior art. It is a diagram which shows the change of the output voltage value of the fuel cell in the Example by this invention. It is a time chart explaining recovery control. It is a time chart explaining recovery control. It is a time chart explaining recovery control. It is a time chart explaining recovery control. It is a time chart explaining recovery control. It is a flowchart which shows the routine which performs recovery
- the fuel cell system A includes a fuel cell 1.
- the fuel cell 1 has a membrane electrode assembly 2.
- the membrane electrode assembly 2 includes a membrane electrolyte 2e, an anode electrode 2a formed on one side of the electrolyte 2e, and a cathode electrode 2c formed on the other side of the electrolyte 2e.
- the anode electrode 2a and the cathode electrode 2c are electrically connected to, for example, an electric motor 4 for driving a vehicle via a DC / AC converter 3, and the AC / AC converter 5 is connected to the other.
- the battery 6 is composed of a battery.
- a passage 20 is formed in the fuel cell 1.
- a plurality of fuel cells 1 are provided, and the fuel cells 1 are stacked in series to form a fuel cell stack.
- the fuel gas passage 10, the oxidant gas passage 20, and the cooling water passage 30 are connected to each other.
- a fuel gas supply passage 11 is connected to the inlet of the fuel gas passage 10, and the fuel gas supply passage 11 is connected to a fuel gas source 12.
- the fuel gas is formed from hydrogen and the fuel gas source 12 is formed from a hydrogen tank.
- a fuel gas control valve 13 that controls the amount of fuel gas flowing in the fuel gas supply path 11 is disposed in the fuel gas supply path 11.
- an anode offgas passage 14 is connected to the outlet of the fuel gas passage 10, and an anode offgas control valve 15 that controls the amount of anode offgas flowing in the anode offgas passage 14 is disposed in the anode offgas passage 14.
- the fuel gas in the fuel gas source 12 is supplied into the fuel gas passage 10 in the fuel cell 1 through the fuel gas supply passage 11. At this time, the gas flowing out from the fuel gas passage 10, that is, the anode off-gas flows into the anode off-gas passage 14.
- an oxidant gas supply path 21 is connected to the inlet of the oxidant gas path 20, and the oxidant gas supply path 21 is connected to an oxidant gas source 22.
- the oxidant gas is formed from air and the oxidant gas source 22 is formed from the atmosphere.
- an oxidant gas supplier or a compressor 23 that pumps the oxidant gas is disposed in the oxidant gas supply path 21, an oxidant gas supplier or a compressor 23 that pumps the oxidant gas is disposed.
- a cathode off-gas passage 24 is connected to the outlet of the oxidant gas passage 20.
- the fuel cell 1 is formed from a counter flow type fuel cell. That is, the inlet of the fuel gas passage 10 and the outlet of the oxidant gas passage 20 are adjacent to each other, and the outlet of the fuel gas passage 10 and the inlet of the oxidant gas passage 20 are adjacent to each other.
- the cells 1 flow almost in parallel and in opposite directions.
- the fuel cell 1 is formed from a parallel flow fuel cell. That is, the inlet of the fuel gas passage 10 and the inlet of the oxidant gas passage 20 are adjacent to each other, and the outlet of the fuel gas passage 10 and the outlet of the oxidant gas passage 20 are adjacent to each other.
- the cells 1 flow in substantially the same direction and in the same direction.
- the fuel cell 1 is formed from a direct flow fuel cell. That is, the fuel gas and the oxidant gas flow in the fuel cell 1 almost orthogonal to each other.
- radiator bypass control valve 35 is provided for controlling the amount of cooling water flowing through the radiator bypass passage 34.
- the radiator bypass control valve 35 is formed of a three-way valve and is disposed at the inlet of the radiator bypass passage 34.
- the cooling water discharged from the cooling water pump 32 flows into the cooling water passage 30 in the fuel cell 1 through the cooling water supply passage 31, and then passes through the cooling water passage 30. Then, it flows into the cooling water supply passage 31 and returns to the cooling water pump 32 through the radiator 33 or the radiator bypass passage 34.
- the cooling water supply path 31, the cooling water pump 32, and the radiator bypass control valve 35 function as a fuel cell temperature controller that controls the fuel cell temperature.
- the electronic control unit 50 is composed of a digital computer, and is connected to each other by a bidirectional bus 51.
- a temperature sensor 40 for detecting the temperature of the cooling water is attached to the cooling water supply passage 31 adjacent to the cooling water passage 30 in the fuel cell 1.
- the coolant temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40 represents the temperature of the fuel cell 1.
- a voltmeter 41 and an electric resistance meter 42 for detecting the output voltage value and the electric resistance value of the fuel cell 1 are provided between the anode electrode 2a and the cathode electrode 2c of the fuel cell 1, respectively.
- Output signals from the temperature sensor 40, the voltmeter 41 and the electric resistance meter 42 are input to the input port 55 via the corresponding AD converter 57.
- the output port 56 is connected to the fuel gas control valve 13, the anode offgas control valve 15, the compressor 23, the cooling water pump 32, and the radiator bypass control valve 35 through corresponding drive circuits 58.
- FIG. 3 shows a partially enlarged sectional view of the cathode electrode 2c.
- the cathode electrode 2c includes a particulate conductive material 2c1, an ionomer 2c2 covering the conductive material 2c1, and a particulate catalyst 2c3 supported on the conductive material 2c1.
- the conductive material 2c1 is made of carbon
- the ionomer 2c2 is made of the same or similar electrolyte as the electrolyte 2e
- the catalyst 2c3 is made of platinum.
- 2c4 represents a gap formed in the cathode electrode 2c.
- hydrogen ions H + pass through the electrolyte 2e and reach the cathode 2c, particularly the surface of the catalyst 2c3. Further, oxygen O 2 passes through the ionomer 2c2 and reaches the surface of the catalyst 2c3. Alternatively, the catalyst 2c3 is reached through a gap (FIG. 3) formed in the cathode electrode 2c. Further, the electron e ⁇ reaches the surface of the catalyst 2c3 through the conductive material 2c1. As a result, the above-described electrochemical reaction (1) occurs, and moisture is generated.
- FIG. 5 shows the experimental results showing the relationship between the relative humidity (%) of the atmosphere around the ionomer and the oxygen solubility of the ionomer.
- This relative humidity represents the wetness of the ionomer.
- the oxygen solubility of the ionomer decreases.
- the oxygen permeability of the ionomer is expressed by the product of the oxygen solubility of the ionomer and the oxygen diffusion coefficient of the ionomer. Therefore, when the ionomer wetness decreases, the oxygen permeability of the ionomer decreases.
- the power generation amount of the fuel cell 1 can be increased or recovered.
- the amount of oxidant gas permeating the ionomer 2c2 the amount of oxidant gas around the cathode electrode 2c may be increased. To that end, the oxidant sent to the fuel cell 1 or the oxidant gas passage 20 is sufficient. What is necessary is just to increase the amount of gas.
- the wetness of the fuel battery cell 1 is represented by the electric resistance value of the fuel battery cell 1. That is, the electrical resistance value of the fuel cell 1 increases as the wetness of the fuel cell 1 decreases.
- the fuel cell system A is controlled so that the output current value of the fuel cell 1 becomes a target current value determined according to the target power generation amount of the fuel cell 1. Therefore, considering that the power generation amount of the fuel cell 1 is expressed by the product of the output current value and the output voltage value of the fuel cell 1, the output voltage value is lower when the output voltage value is lower than the same output current value. It can be said that the power generation amount of the fuel battery cell 1 is reduced as compared to when the battery is high.
- the oxidant gas supply unit 23 is controlled to perform oxidant gas increase control for increasing the amount of oxidant gas sent to the fuel cell 1.
- the amount or concentration of the oxidant gas in the oxidant gas passage 20 is increased, thereby increasing the amount of oxidant gas that passes through the ionomer and reaches the cathode electrode 2c. Therefore, the power generation amount of the fuel battery cell 1 is rapidly increased.
- An increase in the power generation amount of the fuel battery cell 1 means that the amount of water generated by the electrochemical reaction (1) described above increases. As a result, the wetness of the fuel battery cell 1 is also increased or recovered. When the wetness of the fuel cell 1 is increased, the oxygen permeability of the ionomer is increased, and therefore the power generation amount of the fuel cell 1 is further increased.
- a conventional technique that performs oxidant gas amount reduction control for reducing the amount of oxidant gas sent to the fuel cell 1 when the wetness of the fuel cell 1 becomes low.
- the amount of moisture carried away from the fuel cell 1 by the cathode off gas is reduced, so that the wetness of the fuel cell 1 is increased, and therefore the power generation amount of the fuel cell 1 is increased or recovered.
- the amount of the oxidant gas is reduced, the amount of the oxidant gas around the cathode electrode 2c is reduced, so that the amount of the oxidant gas that passes through the ionomer and reaches the cathode electrode 2c is further reduced.
- the power generation amount of the fuel cell 1 further decreases at the initial stage of the oxidant gas amount decrease control, and increases thereafter. That is, in the oxidant gas amount reduction control, it takes a long time to increase the power generation amount of the fuel battery cell 1.
- FIG. 6 is an experimental result showing the output voltage value VFC of the fuel cell 1 when the above-described fuel cell temperature lowering control is performed.
- ta1 indicates that the output voltage value VFC of the fuel battery cell 1 is lower than a predetermined threshold voltage value VFCTH, and the electric resistance value of the fuel battery cell 1 is higher than a predetermined threshold resistance value. Shows the time.
- the output voltage value VFC of the fuel cell 1 continues to decrease for a while even when the fuel cell temperature decrease control is started, and starts to increase after a while. That is, in this case, it takes a long time to increase or recover the power generation amount of the fuel cell 1.
- FIG. 7 is an experimental result showing the output voltage value VFC of the fuel cell 1 when the oxidant gas increase control is performed.
- tb1 indicates that the output voltage value VFC of the fuel battery cell 1 is lower than the predetermined threshold voltage value VFCTH, and the electric resistance value of the fuel battery cell 1 is higher than the predetermined threshold resistance value. Shows the time.
- the output voltage value VFC of the fuel cell 1 immediately rises, and thus is recovered within a short time.
- the time required for recovery after the output voltage value VFC becomes lower than the threshold voltage value VFCTH was about 2 minutes in the example of FIG. In the example of FIG. 7, it was about 1 second.
- the output voltage value VFC of the fuel cell 1 becomes lower than the predetermined threshold voltage value VFCTH, and the electric resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 is predetermined.
- the oxidant gas increase control described above is started.
- the oxidant gas amount QOFC sent to the fuel cell 1 is increased from the base oxidant gas amount QOFCB to the increased oxidant gas amount QOFCI and maintained.
- the base oxidant gas amount QOFCB is an oxidant gas amount during normal control in which oxidant gas increase control is not performed, and is determined according to, for example, the target power generation amount of the fuel cell 1.
- the oxidant gas increase control is stopped.
- the oxidant gas amount QOFC sent to the fuel cell 1 is returned to the base oxidant gas amount QOFCB.
- the electric resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 is lower than the threshold resistance value RFCTH at time tc2, and thus is recovered. That is, the oxidant gas increase control is temporarily performed in this way, and thereby the output voltage value VFC and the electrical resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 are recovered.
- the base fuel cell temperature TFCB is a fuel cell temperature during normal control in which fuel cell temperature lowering control is not performed, and is controlled so as not to exceed a certain value, for example. Further, the fuel cell temperature decrease control is performed by one or both of the cooling water temperature decrease and the cooling water increase amount.
- the oxidant gas increase control When the oxidant gas increase control is performed, the amount of moisture taken away from the fuel cell 1 by the cathode off gas increases, and the electrical resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 may become excessively high. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 9, when the electrical resistance value RFC becomes higher than the upper limit resistance value RFC1 during the oxidant gas increase control, the oxidant gas increase control is stopped. As a result, the electrical resistance value RFC is prevented from becoming excessively high. On the other hand, it is still necessary to recover the output voltage value VFC. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 9, when the oxidant gas increase control is stopped because the electrical resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 is higher than the upper limit resistance value RFC1, the fuel cell temperature decrease control is performed. . As a result, the output voltage value VFC gradually increases, and the electrical resistance value RFC gradually decreases.
- the output voltage of the fuel battery cell 1 is restored.
- the value VFC is lower than the threshold voltage value VFCTH
- another control for increasing the output voltage value of the fuel cell 1 is started. That is, in this case, it is considered that the output voltage value VFC of the fuel battery cell 1 is decreased due to a reason different from the decrease in the wetness of the fuel battery cell 1, for example, flooding. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 10, another control for eliminating the flooding is performed.
- the output voltage value VFC of the fuel cell 1 is higher than the threshold voltage value VFCTH after the electrical resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 becomes higher than the threshold resistance value RFCTH. Is also low. In another example, the electric resistance value RFC becomes higher than the threshold resistance value RFCTH after the output voltage value VFC becomes lower than the threshold voltage value VFCTH.
- the output voltage value and electric resistance value of the fuel cell 1 depend on the target current value or output current value of the fuel cell 1 and the temperature of the fuel cell 1.
- the threshold voltage value VFCTH and the threshold resistance value RFCTH are respectively predetermined as a function of the target current value of the fuel cell 1 and the temperature of the fuel cell 1, for example, in the form of a map. It is stored in the ROM 52.
- the output voltage value and the electric resistance value of the fuel battery cell 1 can vary depending on the degree of deterioration of the fuel battery cell 1 with time. Therefore, in another embodiment according to the present invention, the threshold voltage value VFCTH and the threshold resistance value RFCTH are corrected by the degree of deterioration of the fuel cell 1 with time.
- step 100 it is determined whether or not the output voltage value VFC of the fuel cell 1 is lower than the threshold voltage value VFCTH.
- VFC ⁇ VFCTH the processing cycle is terminated.
- step 101 it is judged if the electric resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 is higher than the threshold resistance value RFCTH.
- step 102 oxidant gas increase control is started.
- step 103 it is determined whether or not the output voltage value VFC of the fuel cell 1 is equal to or greater than the threshold voltage value VFCTH.
- VFC ⁇ VFCTH that is, when the output voltage value VFC is recovered
- the routine proceeds to step 104 where the oxidant gas increase control is stopped. The processing cycle is then terminated.
- VFC ⁇ VFCTH that is, when the output voltage value VFC has not yet recovered
- the routine proceeds to step 105, where it is determined whether or not the electrical resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 is higher than the upper limit resistance value RFC1.
- RFC ⁇ RFC1 the process returns to step 102 and the oxidant gas increase control is continued.
- RFC> RFC1 the routine proceeds to step 106 where the oxidant gas increase control is stopped.
- the routine proceeds to step 107.
- step 107 fuel cell temperature lowering control is started.
- step 108 it is determined whether or not the electric resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 is equal to or less than a threshold resistance value RFCTH.
- RFC> RFCTH that is, when the electrical resistance value RFC has not yet been recovered
- the routine returns to step 107, and fuel cell temperature lowering control is continued.
- RFC ⁇ RFCTH that is, when the electrical resistance value RFC is recovered
- step 110 it is determined whether or not the output voltage value VFC of the fuel cell 1 is equal to or higher than the threshold voltage value VFCTH.
- VFC ⁇ VFCTH the processing cycle is terminated.
- step 101 and step 110 when VFC ⁇ VFCTH, that is, when VFC ⁇ VFCTH and RFC ⁇ RFCTH, the process proceeds to step 111, and the above-described separate processing is performed.
- FIG. 13 shows another embodiment according to the present invention.
- a back pressure control valve 25 that controls the pressure in the cathode off gas passage 24, that is, the back pressure of the fuel cell 1, is disposed in the cathode off gas passage 24.
- the back pressure control valve 25 is normally controlled so that the back pressure of the fuel cell 1 is maintained constant, and the back pressure of the fuel cell 1 increases when the back pressure control valve 25 is opened. Is done.
- back pressure increase control for increasing the back pressure of the fuel cell 1 is performed together with the above-described oxidant gas increase control.
- back pressure increase control is performed by reducing the opening of the back pressure control valve 25.
- the back pressure increase control is performed together with the oxidant gas increase control, the amount or concentration of the oxidant gas around the fuel cell 1, particularly the cathode electrode 2c, is further increased. As a result, the power generation amount of the fuel cell 1 can be increased or recovered more quickly.
- the output voltage value VFC of the fuel cell 1 is lower than the predetermined threshold voltage value VFCTH, and the electric resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 is predetermined.
- the above-described oxidant gas increase control is started first.
- the oxidant gas amount QOFC sent to the fuel cell 1 is increased from the base oxidant gas amount QOFCB.
- the back pressure increase control is started.
- the back pressure PB of the fuel cell 1 is increased from the base back pressure PBB to the increased back pressure PBR and maintained. If the back pressure increase control is performed before the oxidant gas amount QOFC is increased, the oxidant gas amount around the cathode electrode 2c of the fuel cell 1 may decrease. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 14, the back pressure increase control is started after the oxidant gas amount QOFC is increased.
- the base back pressure PBB is a back pressure during normal control in which back pressure increase control is not performed, and is determined according to the amount of oxidant gas from the compressor 23.
- the oxidant gas increase control and the back pressure increase control are performed. Stopped.
- the oxidant gas amount QOFC sent to the fuel cell 1 is returned to the base oxidant gas amount QOFCB, and the back pressure PB of the fuel cell 1 is returned to the base back pressure PBB.
- the electric resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 is lower than the threshold resistance value RFCTH at time tf3, and is thus recovered.
- the oxidant gas amount QOFC sent to the fuel cell 1 is returned to the base oxidant gas amount QOFCB, and the back pressure PB of the fuel cell 1 is returned to the base back pressure PBB.
- fuel cell temperature lowering control is started.
- the temperature TFC of the fuel cell 1 is lowered and maintained from the base fuel cell temperature TFCB to the lowered fuel cell temperature TFCBL.
- the output voltage value VFC gradually increases, and the electrical resistance value RFC gradually decreases.
- the electrical resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 becomes equal to or less than the threshold resistance value RFCTH at time th4, that is, the electrical resistance value RFC is recovered, the output voltage value VFC of the fuel cell 1 is restored.
- the threshold voltage value is lower than VFCTH, another control as described above, for example, another control for eliminating flooding is performed.
- step 100 it is determined whether or not the output voltage value VFC of the fuel cell 1 is lower than the threshold voltage value VFCTH.
- VFC ⁇ VFCTH the processing cycle is terminated.
- step 101 it is judged if the electric resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 is higher than the threshold resistance value RFCTH.
- step 102 oxidant gas increase control is started.
- step 102a the back pressure increase control is started after the oxidant gas amount QOFC is increased to the increased oxidant gas amount QOFCI.
- step 103 it is determined whether or not the output voltage value VFC of the fuel cell 1 is equal to or higher than the threshold voltage value VFCTH.
- VFC ⁇ VFCTH that is, when the output voltage value VFC is recovered, the routine proceeds to step 104a, where the oxidant gas increase control and the back pressure increase control are stopped. The processing cycle is then terminated.
- step 105 it is determined whether or not the electric resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 is higher than the upper limit resistance value RFC1.
- RFC ⁇ RFC1 the process returns to step 102, and the oxidant gas increase control and the back pressure increase control are continued.
- RFC> RFC1 the routine proceeds to step 106a where the oxidant gas increase control and the back pressure increase control are stopped.
- the routine proceeds to step 107.
- step 107 fuel cell temperature lowering control is started.
- step 108 it is determined whether or not the electric resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 is equal to or less than a threshold resistance value RFCTH.
- RFC> RFCTH that is, when the electrical resistance value RFC has not yet been recovered
- the routine returns to step 107, and fuel cell temperature lowering control is continued.
- RFC ⁇ RFCTH that is, when the electrical resistance value RFC is recovered
- step 110 it is determined whether or not the output voltage value VFC of the fuel cell 1 is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage value VFCTH.
- VFC ⁇ VFCTH the processing cycle is terminated.
- step 101 and step 110 when VFC ⁇ VFCTH, that is, when VFC ⁇ VFCTH and RFC ⁇ RFCTH, the process proceeds to step 111, and the above-described separate processing is performed.
- the oxidant gas amount QOFC sent to the fuel cell 1 in the oxidant gas increase control is continuously increased.
- the oxidant gas amount QOFC is intermittently increased. That is, the oxidant gas amount QOFC is increased and maintained from the base oxidant gas amount QOFCB to the increased oxidant gas amount QOFCI, and then returned to the base oxidant gas amount QOFCB when the maintenance time tFCI elapses.
- Such an increasing action of the oxidant gas is performed by the number of times of increase NFCI.
- the increased oxidant gas amount QOFCI is larger than the upper limit gas amount QOFCI1, the electric resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 becomes higher than the upper limit resistance value RFC1. Therefore, the increased oxidant gas amount QOFCI is set to the upper limit amount QOFCI1 or less.
- the maintenance time tFCI becomes longer than the upper limit time tFCI1, the electric resistance value RFC of the fuel cell 1 becomes higher than the upper limit resistance value RFC1. Therefore, the maintenance time tFCI is set to the upper limit time tFCI1 or less.
- the oxidant gas amount QOFC sent to the fuel cell 1 is The amount is returned to the base oxidant gas amount QOFCB.
- the oxidant decreases the oxidant gas amount QOFC from the base oxidant gas amount QOFCB.
- Gas reduction control is performed. When the oxidant gas reduction control is performed, the amount of moisture taken away from the fuel cell 1 by the cathode off gas is reduced, so that the wetness of the fuel cell 1 is increased.
- a circulation passage that connects the anode offgas passage 14 upstream of the anode offgas control valve 15 and the fuel gas supply passage 11 downstream of the fuel gas control valve 13 to each other, and the circulation passage is disposed in the circulation passage.
- the anode offgas pump is further provided, and part or all of the anode offgas in the anode offgas passage 14 is returned to the fuel gas supply passage 11 through the circulation passage by the anode offgas pump.
- the anode off gas contains moisture. Therefore, when the anode off gas in the anode off gas passage 14 is returned to the fuel gas supply passage 11 as in another embodiment of the fuel cell system A, the moisture is returned into the fuel cell 1 together with the gas. As a result, the wetness of the fuel cell 1 is unlikely to decrease.
- the anode offgas passage 14 and the fuel gas supply passage 11 are not connected to each other, and therefore the anode offgas is passed from the anode offgas passage 14 to the fuel gas supply passage. 11 flows in the anode off-gas passage 14 without being returned to 11. In this way, the configuration of the fuel cell system A can be simplified and the cost can be reduced. However, in this case, moisture contained in the anode off gas is not returned to the fuel cell 1. For this reason, in the fuel cell system A shown in FIGS. 1 and 13, the wetness of the fuel cell 1 tends to be low.
- the oxidant gas increase control is performed when the output voltage value of the fuel cell 1 decreases and the wetness of the fuel cell 1 decreases.
- the present invention is also applied to another embodiment of the fuel cell system A described above.
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Abstract
Description
O2+4H++4e-→2H2O …(1)
図8に示される例では、時間tc1において燃料電池セル1の出力電圧値VFCがあらかじめ定められたしきい電圧値VFCTHよりも低くなりかつ燃料電池セル1の電気抵抗値RFCがあらかじめ定められたしきい抵抗値RFCTHよりも高くなると、上述した酸化剤ガス増量制御が開始される。その結果、燃料電池セル1に送られる酸化剤ガス量QOFCがベース酸化剤ガス量QOFCBから増大酸化剤ガス量QOFCIまで増大され維持される。なお、ベース酸化剤ガス量QOFCBは酸化剤ガス増量制御が行われない通常制御時の酸化剤ガス量であって、例えば燃料電池セル1の目標発電量に応じて定められる。
図11及び図12を参照すると、ステップ100では燃料電池セル1の出力電圧値VFCがしきい電圧値VFCTHよりも低いか否かが判別される。VFC≧VFCTHのときには処理サイクルを終了する。VFC<VFCTHのときには次いでステップ101に進み、燃料電池セル1の電気抵抗値RFCがしきい抵抗値RFCTHよりも高いか否かが判別される。RFC>RFCTHのときには次いでステップ102に進み、酸化剤ガス増量制御が開始される。続くステップ103では燃料電池セル1の出力電圧値VFCがしきい電圧値VFCTH以上か否かが判別される。VFC≧VFCTHのとき、すなわち出力電圧値VFCが回復したときには次いでステップ104に進み、酸化剤ガス増量制御が停止される。次いで処理サイクルを終了する。これに対し、VFC<VFCTHのとき、すなわち出力電圧値VFCが未だ回復しないときにはステップ105に進み、燃料電池セル1の電気抵抗値RFCが上限抵抗値RFC1よりも高いか否かが判別される。RFC≦RFC1のときにはステップ102に戻り、酸化剤ガス増量制御が継続される。RFC>RFC1のときには次いでステップ106に進み、酸化剤ガス増量制御が停止される。次いでステップ107に進む。
図14に示される例では、時間tf1において燃料電池セル1の出力電圧値VFCがあらかじめ定められたしきい電圧値VFCTHよりも低くなりかつ燃料電池セル1の電気抵抗値RFCがあらかじめ定められたしきい抵抗値RFCTHよりも高くなると、まず上述した酸化剤ガス増量制御が開始される。その結果、燃料電池1に送られる酸化剤ガス量QOFCがベース酸化剤ガス量QOFCBから増大される。
図17及び図18を参照すると、ステップ100では燃料電池1の出力電圧値VFCがしきい電圧値VFCTHよりも低いか否かが判別される。VFC≧VFCTHのときには処理サイクルを終了する。VFC<VFCTHのときには次いでステップ101に進み、燃料電池1の電気抵抗値RFCがしきい抵抗値RFCTHよりも高いか否かが判別される。RFC>RFCTHのときには次いでステップ102に進み、酸化剤ガス増量制御が開始される。続くステップ102aでは、酸化剤ガス量QOFCが増大酸化剤ガス量QOFCIまで増大された後に、背圧上昇制御が開始される。続くステップ103では燃料電池1の出力電圧値VFCがしきい電圧値VFCTH以上か否かが判別される。VFC≧VFCTHのとき、すなわち出力電圧値VFCが回復したときには次いでステップ104aに進み、酸化剤ガス増量制御及び背圧上昇制御が停止される。次いで処理サイクルを終了する。これに対し、VFC<VFCTHのとき、すなわち出力電圧値VFCが未だ回復しないときにはステップ105に進み、燃料電池1の電気抵抗値RFCが上限抵抗値RFC1よりも高いか否かが判別される。RFC≦RFC1のときにはステップ102に戻り、酸化剤ガス増量制御及び背圧上昇制御が継続される。RFC>RFC1のときには次いでステップ106aに進み、酸化剤ガス増量制御及び背圧上昇制御が停止される。次いでステップ107に進む。
1 燃料電池セル
2 膜電極接合体
2c カソード極
2c1 導電性材料
2c2 アイオノマ
20 酸化剤ガス通路
21 酸化剤ガス供給路
23 コンプレッサ
41 電圧計
42 電気抵抗計
Claims (9)
- 電解質並びに電解質の両側にそれぞれ配置されるカソード極及びアノード極を備えた膜電極接合体と、カソード極に酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化剤ガス通路とを有する燃料電池セルと、酸化剤ガス通路の入口に連結された酸化剤ガス供給路と、酸化剤ガス供給路内に配置されてカソード極に酸化剤ガスを送るための酸化剤ガス供給器とを備えた、燃料電池システムにおいて、前記カソード極が導電性材料と、触媒と、これら導電性材料及び触媒を覆うアイオノマとを含んでおり、燃料電池セルの出力電圧値があらかじめ定められたしきい電圧値よりも低くかつ燃料電池セルの電気抵抗値があらかじめ定められたしきい抵抗値よりも高いときには、酸化剤ガス供給器を制御して燃料電池セルに送られる酸化剤ガス量を増大する酸化剤ガス増量制御を行う、燃料電池システム。
- 酸化剤ガス増量制御中に燃料電池セルの出力電圧値がしきい電圧値よりも高くなったときには、酸化剤ガス増量制御を停止する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 酸化剤ガス増量制御中に燃料電池セルの電気抵抗値があらかじめ定められた上限抵抗値よりも高くなったときには、酸化剤ガス増量制御を停止する、請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 燃料電池セルの温度を制御する燃料電池温度制御器を備え、燃料電池セルの電気抵抗値が上限抵抗値よりも高くなったことにより酸化剤ガス増量制御が停止されたときには、燃料電池セルの温度を低下させる燃料電池温度低下制御を行う、請求項3に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 燃料電池温度低下制御中に燃料電池セルの電気抵抗値がしきい抵抗値よりも低くなったときには、燃料電池温度低下制御を停止する、請求項4に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 燃料電池セルの酸化剤ガス通路の出口に連結されたカソードオフガス通路と、カソードオフガス通路内に配置されて燃料電池セルの背圧を制御する背圧制御弁とを更に備え、燃料電池セルの出力電圧値があらかじめ定められたしきい電圧値よりも低くかつ燃料電池セルの電気抵抗値があらかじめ定められたしきい抵抗値よりも高いときには、前記酸化剤ガス増量制御を行うと共に、背圧制御弁を制御して燃料電池セルの背圧を上昇させる背圧上昇制御を行う、請求項1から5までのいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記酸化剤ガス増量制御及び前記背圧上昇制御を行うときには、まず酸化剤ガス増量制御を行って酸化剤ガスをあらかじめ定められた目標量まで増大すると共に維持し、次いで背圧上昇制御を行う、請求項6に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記酸化剤ガス増量制御において酸化剤ガス量が間欠的に増大される、請求項1から7までのいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃料電池セルが更に、前記アノード極に燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス通路を有しており、前記燃料電池システムが更に、燃料ガス通路の入口に連結された燃料ガス供給路と、燃料ガス通路の出口に連結されたアノードオフガス通路とを備えており、アノードオフガスがアノードオフガス通路から燃料ガス供給路に戻されることなくアノードオフガス通路内を流れる、請求項1から8までのいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池システム。
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CN201480060496.XA CN105849957B (zh) | 2013-12-25 | 2014-11-04 | 燃料电池系统 |
CA2916455A CA2916455C (en) | 2013-12-25 | 2014-11-04 | Fuel cell system |
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JP2015122285A (ja) | 2015-07-02 |
US20160315342A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
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