WO2015083594A1 - コークスの製造方法、およびコークス - Google Patents
コークスの製造方法、およびコークス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015083594A1 WO2015083594A1 PCT/JP2014/081285 JP2014081285W WO2015083594A1 WO 2015083594 A1 WO2015083594 A1 WO 2015083594A1 JP 2014081285 W JP2014081285 W JP 2014081285W WO 2015083594 A1 WO2015083594 A1 WO 2015083594A1
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- ashless coal
- coke
- coal
- oxidized
- mass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge
- C10B47/10—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge in coke ovens of the chamber type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/28—Other processes
- C10B47/30—Other processes in rotary ovens or retorts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/04—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/08—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form in the form of briquettes, lumps and the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/04—Raw material of mineral origin to be used; Pretreatment thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/02—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by chemical means
- C10L9/06—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by chemical means by oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/02—Combustion or pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing coke and coke. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing coke suitable for a reducing material for nonferrous metal refining, and coke.
- coke has been used as a reducing material in the refining of non-ferrous metals such as aluminum and titanium.
- calcine coke obtained by heating petroleum raw coke is widely used because it is inexpensive.
- Petroleum coke the raw material for calcine coke
- the properties of calcine coke depend on crude oil.
- impurities sulfur, nickel, vanadium, sodium, etc.
- impurities are derived from crude oil as a raw material. Since such impurities become a source of contamination, for example, when used as refining coke, it is desired that impurities (especially the sulfur content, hereinafter the same) be as small as possible.
- crude oil produced in recent years has a high impurity content, it has been difficult to provide coke with a low impurity content.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing ashless coal used for fuel, coke raw materials, chemical raw materials, and the like.
- ashless coal has the highest heat fluidity and has the property of melting at 200-300 ° C regardless of the quality of the raw coal.
- Ashless charcoal has the property of expanding when heated to around 400 ° C. Therefore, when ashless coal is molded, heated at a high temperature and subjected to dry distillation treatment, the ashless coal is melted and the shape of the molded body cannot be maintained, and softening meltability has been a problem.
- ashless coal foams and expands when heated at high temperatures, overflows from the distillation apparatus, adheres to the inner wall of the distillation apparatus, and cannot be discharged, or the resulting coke becomes a sponge-like porous body and has a bulk specific gravity. There was a problem of expansibility such as a significant decrease. Therefore, ashless coal has problems in softening meltability and expandability, and it has been difficult to use it as a coke raw material.
- Patent Document 2 a modification technique for ashless coal. Specifically, a slurry heating step for heat-treating a slurry containing coal and an aromatic solvent, a liquid component in which the coal is dissolved in the slurry heat-treated in the slurry heating step, and a solid component composed of ash and insoluble coal.
- a slurry heating step for heat-treating a slurry containing coal and an aromatic solvent, a liquid component in which the coal is dissolved in the slurry heat-treated in the slurry heating step, and a solid component composed of ash and insoluble coal.
- Ashless coal heating step as a carbon raw material and the volatile content of the carbon raw material obtained in the ashless coal heating step is less than 35% by mass when measured by the method defined in JIS M 8812, and , A method for producing a carbon raw material having a gist of being 24 mass% or more is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 Although the technology of Patent Document 2 has an excellent effect in improving self-sintering properties, it takes time to modify ashless coal, so productivity is not always good, and modified ashless coal is relatively expensive. It was.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to the above-described circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing high-purity coke at a lower cost than before and a high-purity coke.
- the method for producing the coke of the present invention that has achieved the above-described problem includes ashless coal, oxidized ashless coal obtained by oxidizing ashless coal, and petroleum raw coke, the ashless coal,
- the total content of the ashless coal is 5 to 40 parts by mass and the total content of the ashless coal and the oxidized ashless coal is 100 parts by mass in total of the oxidized ashless coal and the petroleum raw coke.
- the gist of the mixture is 30 to 70 parts by mass.
- the mixture is molded and then subjected to dry distillation, the oxygen increase rate of the oxidized ashless coal is 2 to 10%, the oxidation treatment is air oxidation, and the oxidation treatment is performed at 150 ° C. As described above, it is a preferable embodiment to perform at a temperature lower than the ignition point.
- the dry distillation is performed in a chamber furnace or a rotary kiln.
- the present invention includes ashless coal, oxidized ashless coal obtained by oxidizing ashless coal, and petroleum raw coke, and the ashless coal, the oxidized ashless coal, and the petroleum raw coke, A mixture in which the content of the ashless coal is 5 to 40 parts by mass and the total content of the ashless coal and the oxidized ashless coal is 30 to 70 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total.
- the coke obtained in this way is also included.
- high-purity coke can be produced at low cost using petroleum raw coke. Moreover, according to this invention, a high purity coke can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a manufacturing process of ashless coal.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a coke production process according to the present invention.
- the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies to provide high-quality coke at a low price by using petroleum raw coke as a carbon raw material. As a result, the following knowledge was obtained.
- Ashless coal has very little impurity content, and mixing ashless coal with petroleum raw coke is useful for reducing the impurity content of coke.
- ashless coal has a problem in softening meltability and expansibility.
- Ashless coal means ash content of 5% by mass or less, preferably 3% by mass or less.
- ashless coal those having a very low ash concentration of residual inorganic substances (silicic acid, alumina, iron oxide, lime, magnesia, alkali metal, etc.) when coal is ashed by heating at 815 ° C. are preferred.
- the ash content concentration is more preferably 5000 ppm or less (mass basis), and still more preferably 2000 ppm or less.
- ashless coal has no water and exhibits higher thermal fluidity than raw coal.
- Ashless coal can be obtained by various known production methods, for example, by removing the solvent from the solvent extract of coal.
- ashless coal can be manufactured through the following steps S1 to S3 (see FIG. 1), but the following ashless coal manufacturing steps (S1 to S3) can be changed as appropriate, and various processing steps can be performed as necessary. It may be added.
- a coal crushing step for crushing raw coal during or before and after each step a removal step for removing unnecessary substances such as waste
- Other steps such as a drying step of drying the obtained ashless coal may be included.
- the slurry heating step (S1) is a process in which coal and an aromatic solvent are mixed to prepare a slurry, and heat treatment is performed to extract a coal component into the aromatic solvent.
- the type of coal as a raw material (hereinafter also referred to as “raw coal”) is not particularly limited.
- various known coals such as bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and lignite can be used. From the viewpoint of economy, it is preferable to use inferior quality coals such as subbituminous coal, lignite and lignite rather than using high-grade coals such as expensive bituminous coal.
- the aromatic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it has a property of dissolving coal.
- the aromatic solvent include monocyclic aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene and xylene, and bicyclic aromatic compounds such as naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, dimethylnaphthalene and trimethylnaphthalene.
- the bicyclic aromatic compound includes other naphthalenes having an aliphatic side chain, and biphenyl and alkylbenzene having a long aliphatic side chain.
- a bicyclic aromatic compound which is a non-hydrogen donating solvent is preferable.
- the non-hydrogen-donating solvent is a coal derivative that is a solvent mainly composed of a bicyclic aromatic and purified mainly from a carbonization product of coal.
- the reason why the non-hydrogen-donating solvent is preferable is that the non-hydrogen-donating solvent is stable even in a heated state and has excellent affinity with coal. This is because it is a solvent that can be easily recovered by a method such as distillation, and the recovered solvent can be recycled.
- the boiling point of the aromatic solvent is too low, the required pressure in the heat extraction or in the separation step (S2) described later increases, and loss due to volatilization increases in the step of recovering the aromatic solvent.
- the recovery rate of group solvents is reduced. Furthermore, the extraction rate in heat extraction is also reduced.
- the boiling point of the aromatic solvent is preferably 180 to 330 ° C.
- the coal concentration with respect to the aromatic solvent is not particularly limited. Although depending on the type of raw material coal, if the coal concentration relative to the aromatic solvent is low, the proportion of the coal component extracted into the aromatic solvent is less than the amount of the aromatic solvent, which is not economical. On the other hand, the higher the coal concentration, the better. However, if the coal concentration is too high, the viscosity of the slurry becomes high, and it becomes difficult to move the slurry and separate the liquid component and the solid component in the separation step (S2).
- the coal concentration is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 35% by mass or less, based on dry coal.
- the slurry heating temperature is preferably 350 ° C. or higher, more preferably 380 ° C. or higher, and preferably 420 ° C. or lower.
- the heating time is not particularly limited, but if the extraction time is long, the thermal decomposition reaction proceeds too much, the radical polymerization reaction proceeds, and the extraction rate decreases.
- it is the said heating temperature, Preferably it is 120 minutes or less, More preferably, it is 60 minutes or less, More preferably, it is 30 minutes or less, Preferably it is 10 minutes or more.
- the lower limit of the temperature at the time of cooling is preferably 300 ° C. or higher. If it cools to less than 300 degreeC, the dissolving power of an aromatic solvent will fall, the reprecipitation of the coal component once extracted will occur, and the yield of ashless coal will fall.
- Heat extraction is preferably performed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Specifically, it is preferably performed in the presence of an inert gas such as nitrogen. This is because contact with oxygen during heating extraction is dangerous because it may ignite, and the cost increases when hydrogen is used.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen
- the pressure in the heat extraction depends on the temperature at the time of heat extraction and the vapor pressure of the aromatic solvent used, but when the pressure is lower than the vapor pressure of the aromatic solvent, the aromatic solvent volatilizes and enters the liquid phase. It is not trapped and cannot be extracted. On the other hand, if the pressure is too high, the cost of the equipment and the operating cost increase, which is not economical.
- a preferable pressure is approximately 1.0 to 2.0 MPa.
- the separation step (S2) is a step of separating the slurry heat-treated in the slurry heating step (S1) into a liquid component and a solid component.
- the liquid component is a solution containing a coal component extracted into an aromatic solvent.
- the solid component is a slurry containing ash and insoluble coal insoluble in an aromatic solvent.
- the method for separating the slurry into a liquid component and a solid component in the separation step (S2) is not particularly limited, and a known separation method such as a filtration method, a centrifugal separation method, or a gravity sedimentation method can be employed.
- a gravity sedimentation method that allows continuous operation of a fluid and is suitable for a large amount of processing at a low cost.
- a liquid component hereinafter also referred to as “supernatant liquid” that is a solution containing coal components extracted into an aromatic solvent
- a solvent from the lower part of the gravity sedimentation tank, a solvent. It is possible to obtain a solid component (hereinafter also referred to as “solid content concentrate”) which is a slurry containing ash and coal insoluble in water.
- the aromatic solvent is separated and recovered from the supernatant using a distillation method or the like, and ashless coal having an extremely low ash concentration can be obtained (ashless coal acquisition step (S3)).
- the ashless coal acquisition step (S3) is a step of separating the aromatic solvent from the supernatant to acquire ashless coal having an extremely low ash concentration.
- the method for separating the aromatic solvent from the supernatant is not particularly limited, and a general distillation method, evaporation method (spray drying method, etc.), etc. can be used.
- the aromatic solvent separated and recovered can be used repeatedly.
- Ash liquid can be obtained from the supernatant by separating and collecting the aromatic solvent.
- the obtained ashless coal can be used not only as a raw material for the mixture of the present invention but also as a raw material for oxidized ashless coal.
- by-product coal in which the ash is concentrated by separating the aromatic solvent from the solid content concentrate may be produced (by-product coal acquisition step).
- the method for separating the aromatic solvent from the solid concentrate can use a general distillation method or evaporation method as in the ashless coal acquisition step (S3) for acquiring ashless coal from the liquid component. .
- the oxidation step is a step for obtaining oxidized ashless coal by oxidizing ashless coal.
- the ashless charcoal can be modified to improve softening meltability and expansibility.
- the oxidation method of ashless coal is not particularly limited.
- oxidation in an oxidizing atmosphere such as oxygen, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and air is desirable, and air oxidation using oxygen in the air as an oxidizing agent is preferable.
- the oxygen increase rate of oxidized ashless coal is not particularly limited, but if the oxygen increase rate is too low, the modification effect of ashless coal is not sufficient, and problems may occur due to softening and melting properties during dry distillation. is there. On the other hand, if the rate of increase in oxygen is too high, the yield is reduced, which is not economical. Therefore, the oxygen increase rate is 2% or more, preferably 3% or more, preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less.
- the oxygen increase rate of ashless coal when the oxygen increase rate of ashless coal is set, the ashless coal having an oxygen increase rate lower than the set value even if it is oxidized is not handled as the oxidized ashless coal of the present invention. Moreover, when using ashless coal whose oxygen increase rate is lower than a set value as a carbon raw material, it handles as ashless coal of this invention.
- the oxygen increase rate is calculated by measuring the oxygen content of ashless coal before and after oxidation treatment based on JIS M 8813 (oxygen content calculation method) and calculating (oxygen content of oxidized ashless coal minus The oxygen content of ash coal).
- the temperature maintained during oxidation (hereinafter referred to as oxidation temperature) may be appropriately adjusted so that a desired oxygen increase rate can be obtained. If the oxidation temperature is low, the ashless coal may be insufficiently oxidized, and the above-described reforming effect may not be sufficiently exhibited. Further, when the oxidation temperature is low, it takes time to achieve a desired oxygen increase rate, and the productivity deteriorates. On the other hand, if the oxidation temperature becomes too high, the oxidation rate becomes too fast, making it difficult to control the degree of oxidation of ashless coal.
- the oxidation temperature is preferably 150 ° C. or higher, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher, preferably less than the ignition point of ashless coal, more preferably 350 ° C. or lower.
- the oxidation time (retention time at a predetermined temperature) may be appropriately adjusted so that a predetermined oxygen increase rate is obtained. If the oxidation time is short, the ashless coal may become insufficiently oxidized. On the other hand, if the oxidation time is long, ashless coal is excessively oxidized, resulting in a decrease in yield and an increase in cost.
- the preferred oxidation time in the above temperature range is 0.5 hours or more, more preferably 1 hour or more, preferably 6 hours or less, more preferably 3 hours or less. What is necessary is just to cool to room temperature after oxidation.
- the particle size (equivalent circle diameter, hereinafter, the same particle size) of the ashless coal subjected to the oxidation treatment is not particularly limited. If the particle size of the ashless coal is too large, the inside of the ashless coal will not be sufficiently oxidized, and melting or the like may occur when dry distillation is performed. On the other hand, if the particle size of ashless coal is too small, the handleability deteriorates.
- the average particle diameter of ashless coal is preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or less, preferably 0.2 mm or more, more preferably 0.3 mm or more.
- the maximum particle size is also preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or less, and still more preferably 0.5 mm or less from the viewpoint of promoting oxidation.
- the carbon raw material mixing step is a step of obtaining a mixture (hereinafter referred to as “mixed carbon raw material”) by mixing the ashless coal, the oxidized ashless coal, and petroleum raw coke.
- Petroleum coke is a facility (coker) for producing light oil by heating distillation residue at high temperature (for example, 500 ° C or higher) in the oil refining process and producing it as a by-product along with light oil. It is.
- various commercially available known petroleum raw cokes can be used as the petroleum raw coke.
- a preferred petroleum raw coke has a volatile content of 5 to 20% by mass and a sulfur content of 2 to 5% by mass.
- the mixing ratio of ashless coal in the mixed carbon raw material, and the ashless coal and oxidation-free It is necessary to appropriately control the mixing ratio of ash coal.
- Ashless coal content 5-40 parts by mass If the mixing ratio of ashless coal is too small, the function as a binder is not sufficiently exhibited, and coke becomes powdery. On the other hand, if the mixing ratio of ashless coal is too large, softening and melting caused by ashless coal will be excessive, for example, coke will become a sponge-like porous body, the bulk specific gravity will be low, or the inner wall of the dry distillation apparatus Coke may not be discharged due to adhesion.
- the content of ashless coal is 5 parts by mass or more, preferably 10 parts by mass or more, and 40 masses with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of ashless coal, oxidized ashless coal, and petroleum raw coke. Part or less, preferably 25 parts by weight or less.
- Total content of ashless and oxidized ashless coal 30 to 70 parts by mass
- the total amount of ashless coal is 40 parts by mass or less, but by including oxidized ashless coal, the amount of petroleum raw coke used can be reduced, and the impurity content of further coke. Can be reduced. Since ashless coal and oxidized ashless coal are more expensive than petroleum raw coke, the unit price of coke increases when their total content increases. On the other hand, if the total content of ashless coal and oxidized ashless coal is too low, a sufficient impurity reduction effect cannot be obtained.
- the total content of ashless coal and oxidized ashless coal is 30 parts by mass or more, preferably 35 parts by mass or more, with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of ashless coal, oxidized ashless coal, and petroleum raw coke.
- it is 40 mass parts or more, 70 mass parts or less,
- it is 65 mass parts or less, More preferably, it is 60 mass parts or less.
- the content of oxidized ashless coal is not particularly limited, but if the content of oxidized ashless coal is too small, coke expands and becomes sponge-like or melts and becomes stuck in the apparatus.
- the oxidized ashless coal is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 10 parts by mass or more, and further preferably 30 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of ashless coal, oxidized ashless coal, and petroleum raw coke. It is.
- the upper limit of oxidized ashless coal may be appropriately adjusted so as to be within the range of the total content of ashless and oxidized ashless coal (30 to 70 parts by mass), preferably 50 parts by mass or less, More preferably, it is 40 parts by mass or less.
- the average particle size of the ashless coal is not particularly limited, but if the average particle size of the ashless coal is too large, the mixed state of the mixture may be uneven and the binder effect may not be sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, if the average particle size is too small, the handleability may deteriorate.
- the average particle size of ashless coal is preferably 10 mm or less, more preferably 0.5 mm or less, preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.2 mm or more.
- the maximum particle size of ashless coal is preferably 1.0 mm or less, more preferably 0.5 mm or less, because if the particle size is too large, the mixed state in the molded product may be uneven.
- the average particle size of ashless coal smaller than the average particle size of oxidized ashless coal, because the gap between carbon raw materials is filled and the binder effect is further enhanced.
- the mixture of the present invention only needs to contain ashless coal, oxidized ashless coal, and petroleum raw coke, and other materials (for example, known binders, additives such as coal pitch, etc.) as long as they do not adversely affect the present invention. ) May be contained, but when other materials are included in the mixture, the impurity content of coke may increase due to the materials. Therefore, the total of ashless coal, oxidized ashless coal, and petroleum raw coke in the mixture is preferably 90% by mass or more, and more preferably 100% by mass. 100% by mass means that the mixture is made of ashless coal, oxidized ashless coal, and petroleum raw coke, and the balance is impurities.
- the mixing method of ashless coal, oxidized ashless coal, and petroleum raw coke is not particularly limited, and a known method for obtaining uniform mixing may be employed.
- a mixer, a kneader, a single screw mixer, a twin screw Examples of such mixers are illustrated.
- the forming step is a step of obtaining a formed body by forming the mixture obtained in the carbon raw material mixing step (C2) into a desired shape as necessary.
- a bond between the carbon raw materials can be formed more firmly due to the binder effect of ashless coal, and coke pulverization and a decrease in bulk specific gravity can be suppressed.
- the method for forming the mixture into a molded body is not particularly limited.
- a double roll (double roll) type molding machine using a flat roll a double roll type molding machine having an almond type pocket
- Any method such as a method using a uniaxial press, a roller type molding machine, an extrusion molding machine, or press molding using a mold can be adopted.
- the mixture may be formed by cold forming at around room temperature, but hot forming by heating is preferred.
- the mixture is pressure-molded at a high temperature, the ashless coal is plastically deformed to fill the voids between the oxidized ashless coal particles and petroleum raw coke, and a further compacted compact can be obtained. Therefore, coke having a higher bulk specific gravity can be obtained by dry distillation of the compacted compact.
- the molding temperature becomes too high, the ashless coal may soften and expand, and bulk specific gravity may not be achieved.
- the hot molding temperature (device temperature such as molds and rolls) is preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher, preferably 450 ° C. or lower, more preferably 300 ° C. or lower.
- the molding pressure is not particularly limited, and known conditions may be adopted. For example, the molding pressure is about 0.5 to 3 ton / cm 2 .
- the dry distillation step is a step of obtaining coke by dry distillation of the mixture obtained in the carbon raw material mixing step (C2) or the molded body obtained in the molding step (C3).
- the shape of the furnace used for dry distillation is not particularly limited, and batch distillation may be performed using a chamber furnace, or continuous distillation may be performed using a vertical shaft furnace. A horizontal rotary furnace such as a rotary kiln may be used.
- the dry distillation temperature may be appropriately set and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 650 ° C. or higher, more preferably 700 ° C. or higher, preferably 1200 ° C. or lower, more preferably 1050 ° C. or lower. Temperature is fine.
- the carbonization time at the carbonization temperature is not particularly limited, and may be a desired carbonization time depending on the apparatus configuration, etc., preferably 5 minutes or more, more preferably 10 minutes or more, preferably 24 hours or less, more preferably It may be 12 hours or less.
- the dry distillation atmosphere may be a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere in order to prevent deterioration due to oxidation of coke.
- Various known gases can be used as the non-oxidizing gas.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, or argon, or a reducing gas such as hydrogen gas may be used.
- Petroleum coke becomes calcine coke by calcining and ashless coal acts as a binder between oxidized ashless coal and calcine coke, and the oxidized ashless coal and calcine coke are firmly bonded. Therefore, the strength of coke is also improved.
- the carbon raw materials are bonded to each other, and an indeterminate massive coke is obtained.
- the mixture is molded, coke having substantially the same shape as the molded body before dry distillation is obtained. Since the coke of the present invention appropriately controls the blending ratio of ashless coal, the coke does not adhere to the dry distillation apparatus and cannot be discharged, and does not become powdery.
- the coke thus obtained has higher purity and higher bulk specific gravity than conventionally known coke.
- the mineral content as an impurity is preferably 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less.
- the bulk specific gravity is preferably 0.53 g / cm 3 or more, more preferably 0.6 g / cm 3 or more, still more preferably 0.7 g / cm 3 or more, and most preferably 0.8 g / cm 3 or more.
- the sulfur content is preferably 2% by mass or less.
- the above mixture does not cause the above-mentioned problems due to softening and melting properties and expansibility during dry distillation, and thus the obtained coke has an excellent appearance and can be discharged from the dry distillation apparatus.
- ashless coal, oxidized ashless coal obtained by oxidizing ashless coal, and petroleum raw coke a total of 100 masses of ashless coal, oxidized ashless coal, and petroleum raw coke Coke produced by dry distillation of a mixture having an ashless coal content of 5 to 40 parts by mass and a total content of ashless coal and oxidized ashless coal of 30 to 70 parts by mass is
- This is a coke having improved high softness and high bulk density, which improves the softening meltability and expandability, which are problematic when using ash charcoal.
- a slurry was prepared by mixing 4 kg (20 kg) of aromatic solvent (1-methylnaphthalene (manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.)) with 5 kg of raw coal (bituminous coal). This slurry was pressurized with 1.2 MPa of nitrogen and heat-treated (heat extraction) in an autoclave with an internal volume of 30 liters at 370 ° C. for 1 hour.
- Oxidation step: C1 A part of the ashless coal was pulverized so as to pass through a sieve having an opening of 0.5 mm.
- the crushed ashless charcoal was heated to a predetermined temperature shown in Table 1 in an air atmosphere, and kept at the same temperature for a predetermined time for oxidation treatment (“oxidation conditions” in Table 1). After the oxidation treatment, the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature to obtain oxidized ashless coal.
- the oxygen concentration of ashless coal and oxidized ashless coal was measured based on JIS M 8813 before and after the oxidation treatment, and the oxygen increase rate of oxidized ashless coal was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1 (in Table 1, “Oxygen increase rate”).
- Oil raw coke Commercial petroleum raw coke (volatile content: 9.5% by mass, sulfur content: 3.1% by mass) was pulverized so as to pass through a sieve having an opening of 10 mm.
- the oxygen increase rate of oxidized ashless coal was less than 2% (1.50%), and it was handled as ashless coal. Therefore, no.
- the blending ratio (“20”) of ashless coal that has not been oxidized is described in the A column in the table, and the oxygen increasing rate is 1 in the B column.
- the blending ratio (“30”) of .5% ashless coal was described.
- No. 1 is an example in which the blending ratio of ashless coal was low.
- coke was pulverized by dry distillation treatment.
- No. 6 is an example in which the blending ratio of ashless coal was high.
- No. 7 is an example in which the blending ratio of ashless coal was low. In this example, since there was little ashless coal, when dry-distilling, it pulverized in the kiln.
- No. 12 is an example in which the blending ratio of ashless coal was high.
- ashless coal melted during dry distillation, and the molded body expanded and expanded, so that coke adhered to the inner wall of the kiln and could not be discharged.
- No. 13 is an example in which the mixture was dry-distilled in a kiln without forming the mixture.
- the mixture since sufficient pressure could not be applied to the mixture during dry distillation, oxidized ashless coal and petroleum coke could not be sufficiently combined, and the coke was powdery.
- No. No. 14 is an example of dry distillation in a kiln as a powder without forming the mixture.
- No. No. 16 is an example in which the oxygen increase rate was low because the oxidation time was short with respect to the oxidation temperature.
- This example does not include oxidized ashless coal with an ashless coal oxygen increase rate of 2.0% or more, and ashless coal (ashless coal and oxidized ashless coal with an oxygen increase rate of less than 2.0%) ), The ashless coal expanded and expanded, and the bulk specific gravity decreased.
- No. No. 22 is an example in which the blending ratio of petroleum raw coke is large.
- the sulfur content after dry distillation was large and the purity of coke was low.
- No. 25 (Reference Example) is an example in which the blending ratio of petroleum raw coke is small.
- a coke having a low sulfur content and a high bulk specific gravity was obtained.
- the blending ratio of the raw petroleum coke was small, the coke became an expensive coke.
- the present invention can provide coke suitable for a reducing material for iron metal refining and the like at low cost.
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Abstract
Description
本発明には、無灰炭と、無灰炭を酸化処理して得られる酸化無灰炭と、石油生コークスとを含み、前記無灰炭、前記酸化無灰炭、および前記石油生コークスとの合計100質量部に対して、前記無灰炭の含有量が5~40質量部、且つ前記無灰炭と前記酸化無灰炭の合計含有量が30~70質量部である混合物を、乾留して得られるコークスも含む。
無灰炭は、各種公知の製造方法で得ることができ、例えば石炭の溶剤抽出物から溶剤を除去することによって得ることができる。例えば無灰炭は下記S1~S3の工程(図1参照)を経て製造できるが、下記無灰炭の製造工程(S1~S3)は適宜変更することができ、必要に応じて各種処理工程を付加してもよい。
スラリー加熱工程(S1)は、石炭と芳香族溶剤とを混合してスラリーを調製し、加熱処理して石炭成分を芳香族溶剤に抽出する処理である。
原料となる石炭(以下、「原料石炭」ともいう)の種類は特に限定されない。例えば、瀝青炭、亜瀝青炭、褐炭、亜炭など各種公知の石炭を使用できる。経済性の観点からは、高価な瀝青炭などの高品位炭を使用するよりも、亜瀝青炭、褐炭、亜炭などの劣質炭を使用することが好ましい。
分離工程(S2)は、スラリー加熱工程(S1)で加熱処理されたスラリーを、液体成分と固体成分とに分離する工程である。液体成分とは、芳香族溶剤に抽出された石炭成分を含む溶液である。固体成分とは、芳香族溶剤に不溶な灰分と不溶石炭を含むスラリーである。
無灰炭取得工程(S3)は、上澄み液から芳香族溶剤を分離して灰分濃度の極めて低い無灰炭を取得する工程である。
必要に応じて、固形分濃縮液から芳香族溶剤を分離して灰分が濃縮された副生炭を製造てもよい(副生炭取得工程)。固形分濃縮液から芳香族溶剤を分離する方法は、前記した液体成分から無灰炭を取得する無灰炭取得工程(S3)と同様に、一般的な蒸留法や蒸発法を用いることができる。
以下、本発明のコークスの製造方法を図2に基づいて説明する。コークスを製造するにあたり、各工程に悪影響を与えない範囲において、各工程の間あるいは前後に、例えば、各種原料などを粉砕する粉砕工程や、ごみ等の不要物を除去する除去工程や、得られたコークスに各種処理を施す工程等、他の工程を含めてもよい。
酸化工程は、無灰炭を酸化処理して酸化無灰炭を得る工程である。無灰炭を酸化処理することで、無灰炭が改質されて軟化溶融性や膨張性を改善できる。
炭素原料混合工程は、上記無灰炭と、上記酸化無灰炭と、石油生コークスを混合して混合物(以下、「混合炭素原料」という)を取得する工程である。
無灰炭の混合割合が少なすぎるとバインダーとしての機能が十分に発揮されず、コークスが粉状となる。一方、無灰炭の混合割合が多すぎると、無灰炭に起因する軟化溶融や膨張が過剰になり、例えばコークスがスポンジ状の多孔質体になってかさ比重が低くなったり、乾留装置内壁に付着してコークスが排出できないことがある。
上記したように無灰炭の合計量は40質量部以下であるが、酸化無灰炭を含むことで、石油生コークスの使用量をより少なくすることができ、より一層のコークスの不純物含有量を低減できる。無灰炭と酸化無灰炭は石油生コークスよりも高価なため、これらの合計含有量が高くなると、コークスの単価が上昇する。一方、無灰炭と酸化無灰炭の合計含有量が低すぎると、十分な不純物低減効果が得られない。したがって無灰炭と酸化無灰炭の合計含有量は、無灰炭、酸化無灰炭、および石油生コークスの合計100質量部に対して、30質量部以上、好ましくは35質量部以上、より好ましくは40質量部以上であって、70質量部以下、好ましくは65質量部以下、より好ましくは60質量部以下である。
成形工程は、必要に応じて炭素原料混合工程(C2)で得られた混合物を所望の形状に成形して成形体を得る工程である。混合物を成形体にすることで、無灰炭によるバインダー効果によって各炭素原料間の結合をより強固に形成でき、コークスの粉化やかさ比重の低下を抑制できる。
乾留工程は、上記炭素原料混合工程(C2)で得られた混合物、または上記成形工程(C3)で得られた成形体を乾留してコークスを取得する工程である。乾留するときに用いる炉の形状も特に限定されず、室炉を用いてバッチ式で乾留してもよいし、縦型シャフト炉を用いて連続式で乾留してもよい。またロータリーキルンなどのように横型回転炉を用いてもよい。
(スラリー加熱工程:S1)
原料石炭(瀝青炭)5kgに対し、4倍量(20kg)の芳香族溶剤(1-メチルナフタレン(新日鉄化学社製))を混合してスラリーを調製した。このスラリーを1.2MPaの窒素で加圧して、内容積30リットルのオートクレーブ中370℃、1時間の条件で加熱処理(加熱抽出)した。
得られたスラリーを同一温度、圧力を維持した重力沈降槽内で上澄み液と固形分濃縮液とに分離した。
得られた上澄み液を更に濾過(目開き1μmのステンレスメッシュフィルター)して無灰炭溶液を得た。無灰炭溶液から蒸留法で芳香族溶剤を分離・回収して、無灰炭を製造した。得られた無灰炭を目開き3mmの篩を通過するように粉砕して無灰炭を得た。
この無灰炭について、JIS M 8122に定められた方法で硫黄濃度を測定した。その結果、無灰炭の硫黄分は0.5質量%であった。
無灰炭の一部を目開き0.5mmの篩を通過するように粉砕した。粉砕した無灰炭を大気雰囲気下、表1に記載の所定の温度まで加熱し、同温度で所定の時間保持して酸化処理(表1中、「酸化条件」)を行った。酸化処理後、室温まで放冷して酸化無灰炭を得た。
なお、酸化処理の前後で無灰炭と酸化無灰炭の酸素濃度をJIS M 8813に基づいて測定し、酸化無灰炭の酸素増加率を算出した。結果を表1に示す(表1中、「酸素増加率」)。
市販の石油生コークス(揮発分9.5質量%、硫黄分3.1質量%)を目開き10mmの篩を通過するように粉砕した。
無灰炭(表中「A」)と、酸化無灰炭(表中「B」)と、石油生コークス(表中「C」)とを表1に示す所定の割合(表1中、「原料配合割合」)で混合して混合物を得た。
一部の混合物(No.7~12、15;表中「成形有無」=あり)について、下記条件で成形体を製造した。
成形方法:ロールコンパクション法
ロール温度:100℃
ロール径:162mm
ロール幅:60mm(綾目溝)
ロール間幅:2mm
ロール回転数:15rpm
線圧:3トン/cm
混合物(No.1~6、13、14、16~25)、および成形体(No.7~12、15)を室炉(No.1~6、15~25)、またはキルン(No.7~14)で乾留処理を施した。
内容量1000mLの黒鉛坩堝に、混合物(No.1~6、16~25)、または成形体(No.15)を、かさ比重が0.85g/cm3となるように装填し、窒素雰囲気中3℃/分の速度で1000℃まで加熱し、該温度で5時間保持して乾留し、コークスを製造した。
混合物(No.13、14)、または成形体(No.7~12)を加熱したロータリーキルン(直径200mm、全長4000mm)内に挿入速度1kg/1で挿入した。ロータリーキルンの加熱温度は、入口温度が400℃、出口温度が1000℃となるように温度調整した。該温度にて窒素雰囲気中で60分間保持して乾留し、コークスを製造した。
得られたコークスのかさ比重、硫黄分、外観、および装置内の付着の有無について調べた。
一辺が100mmの木製立方体容器内にコークスを充填し、充填したコークスの乾燥質量(W:g)からかさ比重を求めた。本実施例ではかさ比重が0.53g/cm3以上であれば合格と評価した。
無灰炭と同様にしてコークスの硫黄濃度を測定した。本実施例ではコークスの硫黄分が2.0%以下であれば合格と評価した。
コークスについてその外観を目視観察し、評価した。室炉で乾留処理した場合(No.1~6、15~25):コークスが塊状の場合は「良好(Excellent)」(表中、「PE」)とした。またコークスが塊状であるが、やや膨張した場合(かさ比重0.53以上0.7g/cm3未満)は、「合格(Pass)」(表中、「P」)とした。コークスが粉状の場合は「不合格(Fail)」(表中、「F」)と評価した。またコークスが付着して排出できなかった場合(表中、「FA」)や膨張した場合(表中、「FB」)も「不合格(Fail)」と評価した。なお、評価はPE>P>(F、FA、FB)である。
本出願は、2013年12月4日出願の日本特許出願(特願2013-251219)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (8)
- 無灰炭と、
無灰炭を酸化処理して得られる酸化無灰炭と、
石油生コークスとを含み、
前記無灰炭、前記酸化無灰炭、および前記石油生コークスとの合計100質量部に対して、
前記無灰炭の含有量が5~40質量部、且つ
前記無灰炭と前記酸化無灰炭の合計含有量が30~70質量部である混合物を、乾留することを特徴とするコークスの製造方法。 - 前記混合物を成形してから乾留するものである請求項1に記載のコークスの製造方法。
- 前記酸化無灰炭の酸素増加率は、2~10%である請求項1または2に記載のコークスの製造方法。
- 前記酸化処理は空気酸化である請求項1に記載のコークスの製造方法。
- 前記酸化処理は150℃以上、発火点未満の温度でおこなうものである請求項1に記載のコークスの製造方法。
- 前記乾留は室炉でおこなうものである請求項1に記載のコークスの製造方法。
- 前記乾留はロータリーキルンでおこなうものである請求項2に記載のコークスの製造方法。
- 無灰炭と、
無灰炭を酸化処理して得られる酸化無灰炭と、
石油生コークスとを含み、
前記無灰炭、前記酸化無灰炭、および前記石油生コークスとの合計100質量部に対して、
前記無灰炭の含有量が5~40質量部、且つ
前記無灰炭と前記酸化無灰炭の合計含有量が30~70質量部である混合物を、乾留し
てなることを特徴とするコークス。
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JP5241105B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-16 | 2013-07-17 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | コークスの製造方法、及び銑鉄の製造方法 |
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RU2350643C1 (ru) * | 2007-12-26 | 2009-03-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Московский государственный вечерний металлургический институт | Способ получения кокса и устройство для его осуществления |
JP5280072B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-10 | 2013-09-04 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | コークスの製造方法 |
JP4660608B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-22 | 2011-03-30 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 炭素材料の製造方法 |
CN101880541B (zh) * | 2010-06-25 | 2013-11-06 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | 一种以蒙西地区1/3焦煤为主配煤生产一级冶金焦的方法 |
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2013
- 2013-12-04 JP JP2013251219A patent/JP6014012B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2014
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- 2014-11-26 RU RU2016121157A patent/RU2633584C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-11-26 US US15/033,769 patent/US20160257887A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-11-26 CN CN201480063943.7A patent/CN105765034B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-11-26 WO PCT/JP2014/081285 patent/WO2015083594A1/ja active Application Filing
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2018
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Patent Citations (2)
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JP2009144130A (ja) * | 2007-11-22 | 2009-07-02 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 炭素原料の製造方法、コークスの製造方法、およびコークス |
WO2014175121A1 (ja) * | 2013-04-26 | 2014-10-30 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 無灰炭の製造方法および炭素材料の製造方法 |
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CN105765034B (zh) | 2017-09-22 |
JP2015108065A (ja) | 2015-06-11 |
US20160257887A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
CA2928325A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
CA2928325C (en) | 2018-01-02 |
US20180320083A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
RU2633584C1 (ru) | 2017-10-13 |
CN105765034A (zh) | 2016-07-13 |
JP6014012B2 (ja) | 2016-10-25 |
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