WO2015069956A2 - Novel formulations - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2015069956A2
WO2015069956A2 PCT/US2014/064441 US2014064441W WO2015069956A2 WO 2015069956 A2 WO2015069956 A2 WO 2015069956A2 US 2014064441 W US2014064441 W US 2014064441W WO 2015069956 A2 WO2015069956 A2 WO 2015069956A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
salt
tris
hydroxymethyl
aminomethane
acetate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2014/064441
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2015069956A3 (en
Inventor
Marc F. Pelletier
Paul Robert Mcguirk
George William Farr
Christopher H. Hall
Susan Farr
Walter F. Boron
Joshua DETZEL
Jasen BUCH
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Aeromics Inc
Original Assignee
Aeromics Inc
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Publication date
Priority to HK16112696.4A priority Critical patent/HK1224228A1/zh
Priority to KR1020167014998A priority patent/KR20160079109A/ko
Priority to AU2014346682A priority patent/AU2014346682B2/en
Priority to SG11201604153UA priority patent/SG11201604153UA/en
Priority to CA2929821A priority patent/CA2929821A1/en
Priority to US15/035,006 priority patent/US20160279155A1/en
Priority to MX2016006012A priority patent/MX386250B/es
Priority to RU2016121850A priority patent/RU2691951C2/ru
Priority to JP2016552486A priority patent/JP6535338B2/ja
Priority to BR112016010338-6A priority patent/BR112016010338B1/pt
Priority to CN201480061066.XA priority patent/CN106163506A/zh
Application filed by Aeromics Inc filed Critical Aeromics Inc
Priority to EP14860390.5A priority patent/EP3065729A4/en
Publication of WO2015069956A2 publication Critical patent/WO2015069956A2/en
Publication of WO2015069956A3 publication Critical patent/WO2015069956A3/en
Priority to IL245420A priority patent/IL245420B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US16/236,817 priority patent/US10894055B2/en
Priority to AU2020203697A priority patent/AU2020203697A1/en
Priority to US17/099,435 priority patent/US11801254B2/en
Priority to US18/492,750 priority patent/US12496308B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Definitions

  • Aquaporins are cell membrane proteins that act as molecular water channels to mediate the flow of water in and out of the cells. While there is some degree of passive diffusion or osmosis of water across cell membranes, the rapid and selective transport of water in and out of cells involves aquaporins. These water channels selectively conduct water molecules in and out of the cell, while blocking the passage of ions and other solutes, thereby preserving the membrane potential of the cell. Aquaporins are found in virtually all life forms, from bacteria to plants to animals. In humans, they are found in cells throughout the body.
  • Aquaporin inhibitors may be of utility in the treatment or control of diseases of water imbalance, for example edema (particularly edema of the brain and spinal cord), hyponatremia, and excess fluid retention, as well as diseases such as epilepsy, retinal ischemia and other diseases of the eye, myocardial ischemia, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, myocardial hypoxia, congestive heart failure, sepsis, and neuromyelitis optica, as well as migraines.
  • diseases of water imbalance for example edema (particularly edema of the brain and spinal cord), hyponatremia, and excess fluid retention, as well as diseases such as epilepsy, retinal ischemia and other diseases of the eye, myocardial ischemia, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, myocardial hypoxia, congestive heart failure, sepsis, and neuromyelitis optica, as well as migraines.
  • compositions comprising 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate (Formula I).
  • kits comprising 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate.
  • cerebral edema e.g. cerebral edema consequent to head trauma, ischemic stroke, glioma, meningitis, acute mountain sickness, epileptic seizure, infection, metabolic disorder, hypoxia (including general systemic hypoxia and hypoxia due to cardiac arrest), water intoxication, hepatic failure, hepatic
  • encephalopathy diabetic ketoacidosis, abscess, eclampsia, Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease, lupus cerebritis, cardiac arrest, microgravity and/or radiation exposure, or an invasive central nervous system procedure, e.g., neurosurgery, endovascular clot removal, spinal tap, aneurysm repair, or deep brain stimulation or, e.g., spinal cord edema consequent to spinal cord trauma, e.g., spinal cord compression; or
  • optic nerve edema e.g., optic nerve edema consequent to microgravity and/or radiation exposure
  • retinal edema or pulmonary edema
  • hyponatremia or excessive fluid retention e.g., consequent to heart failure (HF), liver cirrhosis, nephrotic disorder, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), or infertility treatment; or
  • retinal ischemia or other diseases of the eye associated with abnormalities in intraocular pressure and/or tissue hydration, myocardial ischemia, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, myocardial hypoxia, congestive heart failure, sepsis, neuromyelitis optica, or glioblastoma; or
  • composition comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate.
  • Figure 1 depicts percent survival curves for the water toxicity mouse model using 0.76 mg/kg N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide (Compound 1).
  • Figure 3 depicts the calcein fluorescence end-point assay used for high throughput screening.
  • Figure 4 depicts hit validation using the Cell Bursting Aquaporin Assay; inset shows the structure of 5-chloro-N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide (Compound 3).
  • Figure 5 depicts reduction in intracranial pressure (ICP) in the mouse water toxicity model with N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide (Compound 1) at 0.76 mg/kg.
  • ICP intracranial pressure
  • Figure 6 depicts plasma and serum levels of N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro- 2-hydroxybenzamide (Compound 1) converted from 2-((3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)carbamoyl)-4-chlorophenyl phosphate bis ethanolamine salt.
  • Figure 7 depicts mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model of ischemic stroke.
  • Figure 8 depicts relative change in hemispheric brain volume in the mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model.
  • Figure 9 depicts neurological outcome following MCAo in mice treated with saline (no drug, ⁇ ) or 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl phosphate disodium salt (o) (Compound 5).
  • Figure 10 depicts plasma and serum levels of N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5- chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide (Compound 1) converted from a solution of 2- ⁇ [3,5 - bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and Tris-Base.
  • therapeutically effective amount refers to an amount effective, when administered to a human or non-human patient, to provide a therapeutic benefit such as amelioration of symptoms, slowing of disease progression, or prevention of disease.
  • the specific dose of substance administered to obtain a therapeutic benefit will, of course, be determined by the particular circumstances surrounding the case, including, for example, the specific substance administered, the route of administration, the condition being treated, and the individual being treated.
  • sodium phosphate refers to sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 P04), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na 2 HP04), and trisodium phosphate (Na3P0 4 ).
  • potassium phosphate refers to potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 P0 4 ), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K 2 HP0 4 ), and tripotassium phosphate (K3PO4).
  • bolus refers to administration of a therapeutic agent in a single injection that lasts for a relatively short period of time, e.g., about 60 minutes or less, about 30 mmutes or less, about 20 mmutes or less, about 10 minutes or less, about 5 minutes or less, e.g., about 3 minutes or less.
  • a bolus may rapidly deliver a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic agent to the blood.
  • patient includes human or non-human (i.e., animal) patient.
  • the invention encompasses both human and nonhuman.
  • the invention encompasses nonhuman.
  • fairly rapid with respect to onset of action means that the time it takes after a compound is administered for a response to be observed is 30 minutes or less, for example 20 minutes or less, for example 15 minutes or less, for example 10 minutes or less, for example 5 minutes or less, for example 1 minute or less.
  • alkyl is a saturated hydrocarbon moiety, preferably having one to six carbon atoms, preferably having one to four carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched.
  • a "Ci-4-alkyl” is an alkyl having one to four carbon atoms.
  • alkylene is a saturated hydrocarbon moiety, preferably having one to six carbon atoms, preferably having one to four carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched and which has two points of attachment.
  • a Ci-4-alkylene is an alkylene having from
  • Ci -alkylene is methylene (-CH 2 -).
  • alkoxy is an alkyl ether radical, alkyl-O-, wherein the term alkyl is as defined above.
  • a "Ci-4-alkoxy” is an alkoxy having one to four carbon atoms.
  • aryl is a mono or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic) aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably phenyl, which may be optionally substituted, e.g., optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from Ci-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl), halogen (e.g., CI or F), Ci-6- haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), hydroxy, and carboxy.
  • aryl in addition to being substituted with the groups disclosed herein, is further substituted with an aryl or a heteroaryl to form, e.g., biphenyl or pyridylphenyl.
  • heteroaryl is an mono or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic) aromatic moiety wherein one or more of the atoms making up the aromatic ring is sulfur or nitrogen rather than carbon, e.g., pyridyl or thiadiazolyl, which may be optionally substituted, e.g., optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from Ci-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl), halogen (e.g., CI or F), Ci-6-haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), hydroxy, and carboxy.
  • Ci-6 alkyl e.g., methyl
  • halogen e.g., CI or F
  • Ci-6-haloalkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • hydroxy is -OH.
  • halogen as used herein is F, CI, Br, or I.
  • haloalkyl is a saturated hydrocarbon moiety, preferably having one to six carbon atoms, preferably having one to four carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched, and is mono-, di- or tri- substituted with halogen.
  • the halogens may be the same (e.g., dichloromethyl) or different (e.g., chlorofluoromethyl).
  • AQP4 Aquaporin-4
  • BBB blood-brain barrier
  • AQP4 knockout mice without the APQ4 gene, have improved survival compared to wild-type mice in models of ischemic stroke, water toxicity, bacterial meningitis, and spinal cord compression.
  • Cerebral edema may be generally divided into 2 major categories: vasogenic and cytotoxic.
  • Vasogenic cerebral edema may occur when a breach in the BBB allows water and solutes to diffuse into the brain. It has been reported that AQP4-null mice have increased brain edema in a model of subarachnoid hemorrhage, suggesting that AQP4 may be required for the clearance of water collected in intercellular space.
  • cytotoxic cerebral edema may be initiated by ischemia which may result in reduced plasma osmolality rather than a disrupted BBB.
  • Ischemia may lead to a drop in ATP levels, which is thought to slow the Na-K ATPase pump resulting in an uptake of Na + and CI " through leakage pathways.
  • the net effect may be a cellular osmotic imbalance, drawing H2O into cells - astrocytes more so than neurons - and leading to increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
  • ICP intracranial pressure
  • Mouse models for ischemic stroke, water toxicity, bacterial meningitis, and spinal-cord compression fall into this category.
  • AQP4-null mice have been reported to have reduced CE pointing to AQP4 as the central pathway for water movement into the brain during the formation of cytotoxic CE.
  • cytotoxic and vasogenic edema are not sharply divided categories; an injury that initially causes cytotoxic edema may be followed later, e.g., within the next hours to days, by vasogenic edema. This may suggest different treatments for cerebral edema at different times.
  • AQP4 inhibitors may be of further utility for certain ailments where control of AQP4- medited water movement may augment neuroexcitation (by alteration of neuronal potassium homeostasis) and prove beneficial by reducing neuronal excitation, for example ailments such as fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, migraines and seizures (in particular but not limited to seizures associated with epilepsy).
  • Aquaporin-2 is the primary route of water movement at the collecting duct in the kidney. Blocking this water channel would lower water reabsorption without incurring electrolyte imbalances or interfering with vasopressin receptor-mediated signaling. Evidence that an AQP2 blocker would not produce electrolyte imbalances, and instead be an effective treatment for hyponatremia, comes from patients with diabetes insipidus who lack functional AQP2. They exhibit chronic aquaresis but - if normal hydration is maintained - do not demonstrate any other consequence of their long-term loss of AQP2 function.
  • an IV infusion or IV bolus may be preferred.
  • rapid achievement of therapeutically effective amounts of a therapeutic agent may be important to a successful therapeutic outcome.
  • best practices are to administer drugs via IV.
  • a therapeutic agent with only a limited solubility in water and/or physiological media and/or limited stability may make parenteral administration, e.g., intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, epidural, sublingual, or intracerbral, of the therapeutic agent challenging.
  • parenteral administration e.g., intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, epidural, sublingual, or intracerbral
  • parenteral administration e.g., intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, epidural, sublingual, or intracerbral
  • parenteral administration e.g., intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, epidural, sublingual, or intracerbral
  • N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide is an aquaporin inhibitor
  • its solubility in water is 3.8 ⁇ g/ml.
  • a prodrug salt form of N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide does show improved solubility - specifically, the solubility of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl phosphate disodium salt in water is 1 mg/ml.
  • prodrug salt forms of N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide may revert to N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide even in the solid state.
  • novel formulations of 2- ⁇ [3, 5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate which may allow rapid achievement of therapeutically effective amounts of N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5- chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide.
  • composition I comprising 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate (Formula I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • Composition I as follows:
  • composition I wherein the composition comprises 0.1 or 0.25 mg to 2.0 g of 2- ⁇ [3 ,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate, e.g., from about 0.1 or 0.25 mg to 75 or 600 mg, e.g., from about 0.1 or 0.25 or 1 or 2 or 5 or 10 or 15 or 20 mg to 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, 350, 400, 500, or 600 mg, or 1 g, 1.5 g, or 2.0 g, e.g., from about 5 to 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, 350, 400, 500, or 600 mg, or 1 g, 1.5 g, or 2 g, e.g., from about 5 to 500 mg, e.g., from about 5 to 300 or 350 mg, e.g., from about 5 to 200 mg, e.g., from about 25 to 500 mg,
  • 0.1 or 0.25 mg to 2.0 g of N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide e.g., in an amount sufficient to provide from about 0.1 or 0.25 mg to 75 or 600 mg, e.g., from about 0.1 or 0.25 or 1 or 2 or 5 or 10 or 15 or 20 mg to 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, 350, 400, 500, or 600 mg, or 1 g, 1.5 g, or 2.0 g, e.g., from about 5 to 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, 350, 400, 500, or 600 mg, or 1 g, 1.5 g, or 2 g, e.g., from about 5 to 500 mg, e.g., from about 5 to 300 or 350 mg, e.g., from about 5 to 200 mg, e.g., from about 25 to 500 mg, e.g., from about 25 to 300 or 350 mg, e.g
  • composition I wherein the composition comprises 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate in an amount sufficient to provide a dose of 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg to 1 or 5 or 10 or 15 mg/kg of N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide, e.g., a dose of about 0.05 to 1 or 5 mg/kg, e.g., a dose of about 0.05 to 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg, e.g., a dose of about 0.5 to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 10 or 20 mg/kg, e.g, a dose of about 1 to 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20 or 50 mg/kg.
  • a dose of about 0.05 to 1 or 5 mg/kg e.g., a dose of about 0.05 to 0.1, 0.2
  • composition I 1.1 , or 1.2 wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient comprises one or more bases, e.g., a base wherein upon dissolution of the composition in a solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, the composition has a pH between 7, 7.5, or 8 and 10.5, e.g., between about 7, 7.5, or 8 and 9.5, e.g., between about 7 or 7.5 and 8, e.g., between about 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., about 7.5, e.g., about 8.5, e.g., between about 8 and 8.5, e.g., about 8.2, e.g., a base wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, e.g., wherein the one or more bases are one or more
  • a Ci-8-alkyl mono-, di-, or tri- carboxylic acid salt e.g., a citrate salt, e.g, a metal citrate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate), e.g., a tartrate salt (e.g., a metal tartrate salt, an alkali tartrate, e.g., sodium tartrate), e.g., a succinate salt (e.g., a metal succinate salt, e.g., an alkali succinate, e.g., disodium succinate), and/or e.g., a lactate salt (e.g., a metal lactate salt, e.g., an alkali lactate, e.g., sodium lactate), b) a phosphate salt, e.g., a cit
  • an amine and/or a salt thereof e.g., morpholine, piperazine,
  • benzathine trimethylglycine, chloroprocaine, hydrabamine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine and/or lysine), a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g.,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4- alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6- alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 -, e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4- alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6- al
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, dimethylethanolamine,
  • diethylamine, diethylethanolamine, and/or diethanolamine e.g., any of the preceding wherein a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9,
  • a metal chloride salt e.g., zinc chloride
  • an acetate salt e.g., a metal acetate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate),
  • a metal acetate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate
  • a hydroxide and/or alkoxide salt e.g., a metal hydroxide and/or metal alkoxide salt (e.g., a quarternary ammonium hydroxide, e.g., ammonium hydroxide and/or choline hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and/or magnesium ethoxide, e.g., sodium hydroxide), and/or
  • a metal hydroxide and/or metal alkoxide salt e.g., a quarternary ammonium hydroxide, e.g., ammonium hydroxide and/or choline hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide,
  • a carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt e.g., a metal carbonate and/or metal bicarbonate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline carbonate salt, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium
  • a borate salt e.g., a metal borate salt (e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate),
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris acetate
  • sodium citrate, Na 2 HP04, and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane e.g., one or more of sodium citrate and Na 2 HP04, e.g., Na 2 HP04, e.g.,
  • composition I 1.1, or 1.2 wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient comprises one or more bases, e.g., a base wherein upon dissolution of the composition in an aquous solution the composition has a pH between 7, 7.5, or 8 and 10.5, e.g., between about 7, 7.5, or 8 and 9.5, e.g., between about 7 or 7.5 and 8, e.g., between about 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., about 7.5, e.g., about 8.5, e.g., between about 8 and 8.5, e.g., about 8.2, e.g., a base wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, e.g., wherein the one or more bases are one or more of:
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline phosphate salt, e.g., an alkali phosphate salt, e.g., sodium phosphate (e.g., NaH 2 P04 and/or Na 2 HP04) and/or potassium phosphate (e.g., KH2PO4 and/or K2HPO4), e.g., sodium phosphate (e.g., Na 2 HP04)),
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., an alkali
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, d) a metal acetate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate), e) a metal hydroxide salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide,
  • a metal acetate salt e.g.
  • a metal carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or
  • alkaline carbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • alkaline carbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., one or more of sodium citrate, Na 2 HP04, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate)
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • sodium citrate e.g., sodium citrate
  • Na 2 HP04 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris acetate
  • composition 1.3 or 1.4 wherein the composition comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the one or more bases, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • composition 1.7 wherein the composition comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of a metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate), e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • composition 1.3-1.8 wherein the one or more bases comprise a metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 ).
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 .
  • composition 1.9 wherein the composition comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of a metal phosphate salt, e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate
  • the composition comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg
  • composition 1.11 wherein the composition comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 , e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • sodium phosphate e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • Composition 1.11 wherein the composition comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 , e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • composition 1.13 wherein the composition comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO)nR 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is
  • a salt thereof e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO)nR 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is
  • a salt thereof e.g
  • Ci-salkyl e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., - CH3 and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 )3- e.g., one R 8 is -CHs and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine).
  • composition 1.15 wherein the composition comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine and/or salt thereof, e.g.,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., - CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 )3- e.g., one R 8 is -CHs and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1 , 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Ci-salkyl e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., - CH 3
  • n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene
  • Ci-6-alkylene e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -
  • each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1 , 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine).
  • composition 1.17 wherein the composition comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1 , 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6),
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Composition 1.3-1.18 wherein the one or more bases comprise
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane e.g., meglumine.
  • composition 1.19 wherein the composition comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg and/or wherein the composition comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg meglumine, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • the composition comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate.
  • compositions comprising 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g, from about 15, 20, 30, or 50 to 100, 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, or 700 mg, e.g., from about 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • composition 1.3-1.22 wherein the one or more bases comprise a base, e.g., an amine and/or a salt thereof, wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • a base e.g., an amine and/or a salt thereof
  • a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • composition 1.23 wherein the composition comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of a base, e.g., an amine and/or a salt thereof, wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • a base e.g., an amine and/or a salt thereof
  • a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or
  • Composition 1.26 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to a metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate) is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • Composition 1.26 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to a metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04) is at least 1:1, e.g., at least 1:2, e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g.
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • Composition 1.26 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to the amine and/or salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ]3N, and/or salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g.
  • Composition 1.29 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to the mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ]3N, and/or salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2 )3- e.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • Composition 1.30 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO)nR 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., - CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 -, e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • Composition 1.31 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is at least 1:2, e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • Composition 1.31 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g, 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate) is at least 1:2, e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g.
  • the molar ratio of2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate is at least 1:2, e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • Composition 1.26 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to a base, e.g., an amine and/or a salt thereof, wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8 to 1 : 10, 1 : 15, 1 :20, or 1 :30, e.g., at least about 1 :2.5 to 1 :5, 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8, 1 :9, 1 : 10, 1 : 15, 1 :20
  • composition I or 1.1-1.34 wherein the composition comprises one or more bulking agents which may provide an adequate structure to the lyophilized cake, e.g., one or more of mannitol, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose, raffinose, arginine, glycine, histidine, dextran (e.g., dextran 40),
  • one or more bulking agents which may provide an adequate structure to the lyophilized cake, e.g., one or more of mannitol, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose, raffinose, arginine, glycine, histidine, dextran (e.g., dextran 40),
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol, e.g., one or more of mannitol, glucose, sucrose, lactose, trehalose, and dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • composition I or 1.1-1.35 wherein the composition comprises 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g of one or more bulking agents, e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g of one or more bulking agents.
  • dextran e.g., dextran 40
  • composition 1.37 wherein the composition comprises 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40), e.g., from about 50 mg or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • dextran e.g., dextran 40
  • dextran 40 e.g., from about 50 mg or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • composition I or 1.1 -1.38 wherein the composition comprises one or more solubilizing agents, e.g., ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof (e.g., calcium disodium EDTA, disodium EDTA, sodium EDTA), alpha cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl- -cyclodextrin, polysorbate 80, tert-butanol, isopropanol, dichloromethane, ethanol, acetone, and glycerol; one or more collapse temperature modifiers which may shift the overall collapse temperature higher, e.g., one or more of dextran, Ficoll ® , gelatin, and hydroxyethyl starch; one or more tonicity modifiers, e.g., one or more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sucrose, mannitol, glucose, and lactose; and one or more antimicrobial agents, e.g., one or more
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient e.g, the one or more bases is a solid.
  • composition I or 1.1-1.40 wherein the composition is lyophilized.
  • Composition 1.42 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifiuoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is lyophilized, e.g., by freezing, primary drying, and secondary drying, prior to admixture with the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • Composition I or 1.1-1.45 which is suitable for constitution, or reconstitution if lyophilized, with a solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, into a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid (e.g., a solution or suspension, e.g., a solution).
  • a solvent e.g., an aqueous solution
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid e.g., a solution or suspension, e.g., a solution.
  • composition I or 1.1 - 1.46 wherein the composition is admixed with a solvent, e.g., a sterile solution, e.g., sterile water for injection, a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), a sterile solution comprising benzyl alcohol (e.g., bacteriostatic water for injection with benzyl alcohol or bacteriostatic sodium chloride for injection with benzyl alcohol), or Lactated Ringer's.
  • a solvent e.g., a sterile solution, e.g., sterile water for injection, a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), a sterile solution comprising benzyl alcohol (e
  • composition I or 1.1 - 1.47 wherein the composition is admixed with 0.5 to 500 mL solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • solvent e.g., an aqueous solution, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2
  • composition I or 1.1 - 1.48 wherein the composition is admixed with 0.5 to 500 mL sterile solution, e.g., sterile water for injection, a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), a sterile solution comprising benzyl alcohol (e.g., bacteriostatic water for injection with benzyl alcohol or bacteriostatic sodium chloride for injection with benzyl alcohol), or Lactated Ringer's, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to
  • composition I or 1.1 - 1.49 wherein the composition is admixed with sterile water for injection or a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection).
  • composition I or 1.1 - 1.50 wherein the composition is admixed with sterile water for injection.
  • composition 1.51 wherein the composition is admixed with 0.5 to 500 mL sterile water for injection, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • 0.5 to 500 mL sterile water for injection e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200
  • composition I or 1.1 - 1.52 wherein the composition is admixed with a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9%> sodium chloride injection).
  • Composition 1.53 wherein the composition is admixed with 0.5 to 500 mL a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9%> sodium chloride injection), e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • composition 1.47- 1.54 wherein the composition comprises Formula II
  • composition 1.47-1.55 wherein the composition comprises at least a 1 : 1 molar ratio of Formula II to a cation of the base, e.g., at least a 2: 1 molar ratio of Formula II to the cation of the base.
  • compositions 1.47-1.54 wherein the composition comprises Formula III
  • composition 1.47-1.54 or 1.57 wherein the composition comprises at least a 1 :2 molar ratio of Formula III to a cation of the base, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8 to 1 : 10, 1 :15, 1 :20, or 1 :30, e.g., at least about 1 :2.5 to 1 :5, 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8, 1 :9, 1 : 10, 1 :15, 1 :20, or 1 :30, e.g., at least about 1 :2.5, e.g., at least about 1 :5, e.g. at least about 1 : 10.
  • composition 1.47-1.58 wherein the concentration of Formula II or Formula III, e.g., the concentration of Formula II, e.g, the concentration of Formula III, is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250 mM, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • a Ci-8-alkyl mono-, di-, or tri- carboxylic acid salt e.g., a citrate salt, e.g, a metal citrate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate), e.g., a tartrate salt (e.g., a metal tartrate salt, an alkali tartrate, e.g., sodium tartrate), e.g., a succinate salt (e.g., a metal succinate salt, e.g., an alkali succinate, e.g., disodium succinate), and/or e.g., a lactate salt (e.g., a metal lactate salt, e.g., an alkali lactate, e.g., sodium lactate), b) a phosphate salt, e.g., a cit
  • an amine and/or a salt thereof e.g., morpholine, piperazine,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate also known as tris acetate
  • meglumine dimethylethanolamine
  • diethylamine tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate
  • diethylethanolamine, and/or diethanolamine e.g., any of the preceding wherein a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 1 1 , e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, d) a metal chloride salt (e.g., zinc chloride),
  • an acetate salt e.g., a metal acetate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate),
  • a metal acetate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate
  • a hydroxide and/or alkoxide salt e.g., a metal hydroxide and/or
  • alkoxide salt (.g., a quarternary ammonium hydroxide, e.g., ammonium hydroxide and/or choline hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and/or magnesium ethoxide e.g., sodium hydroxide),
  • a quarternary ammonium hydroxide e.g., ammonium hydroxide and/or choline hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and/or magnesium ethoxide e.g., sodium hydroxide
  • an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt e.g.,
  • a carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt e.g., a metal carbonate and/or metal bicarbonate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline carbonate salt, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate), and/or
  • a metal carbonate and/or metal bicarbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline carbonate salt, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., one or more of sodium citrate, Na 2 HP04, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate), e.g., one or more of sodium citrate, Na2HPC"4, and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, e.g., one or more of sodium citrate and Na 2 HP0 4 , e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 , e.g.,
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline phosphate salt, e.g., an alkali phosphate salt, e.g., sodium phosphate (e.g., NaH 2 P0 4 and/or Na 2 HP0 4 ) and/or potassium phosphate (e.g., KH 2 P0 4 and/or K 2 HP0 4 )
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 -, e.
  • Ci-salkyl e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3
  • n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, d) a metal acetate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate), e) a metal hydroxide salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide,
  • a metal acetate salt e.g.
  • a metal carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or
  • alkaline carbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • alkaline carbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., one or more of sodium citrate, Na 2 HP04, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate)
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • sodium citrate e.g., sodium citrate
  • Na 2 HP04 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris acetate
  • Composition 1.61 wherein the 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and the base, e.g., sodium citrate, sodium phosphate (e.g., Na 2 HP04), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate
  • meglumine form a salt
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the one or more bases, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • composition 1.60-1.63 wherein the concentration of each of the one or more bases is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250 mM, or 1000 mM e.g.
  • each of the one or more bases is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula II, e.g., about 2.5 or 5 to 10, e.g.
  • each of the one or more bases is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10.
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • composition 1.66 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate), e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • the metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • Composition 1.66 wherein the concentration of the metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate) is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g. from about 1 to 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50 or 60 mM, , e.
  • concentration of the metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 .
  • composition 1.69 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 ), e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • the metal phosphate salt e.g.,
  • composition 1.69 wherein the concentration of the metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 ), is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • the concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • each of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • concentration of each of the metal phosphate salt is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula II, e.g., about 2.5 or 5 to 10, e.g.
  • the concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • concentration of the metal phosphate salt is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10.
  • composition 1.60-1.71 wherein the one or more bases comprise an amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH,
  • an amine and/or a salt thereof e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or C1-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2 )3- e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 )6-) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • composition 1.72 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4- alkylene, e.g., -CH
  • composition 1.72 wherein the concentration of the amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., - C(CH 2 )
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 1 1 , e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1 , 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9 is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula II, e.g., about 2.5 or 5 to 10, e.g.
  • each of the amine and/or a salt thereof e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., C1-4- alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -
  • Ci-salkyl e.g., Ci-6-alkyl,
  • composition 1.60-1.74 wherein the one or more bases comprise a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ]3N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine).
  • composition 1.75 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4- alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 -, e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and
  • Composition 1.75 wherein the concentration of the mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1 , 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (also known as tris base) and/or a salt thereof (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (also known as tris base) and/or a
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamme
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., C1-4- alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 -, e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 )6-) and each n
  • composition 1.60-1.77 wherein the one or more bases comprise (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO)nR 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is
  • Ci-salkyl e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., - CH3 and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 )3- e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine).
  • composition 1.78 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4- alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (
  • composition 1.78 wherein the concentration of (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., - CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 )3- e.g., one R 8 is -CHs and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • Formula II is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula II, e.g., about 2.5 or 5 to 10, e.g.
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., C1-4- alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 )6-) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane e.g., meglumine.
  • composition 1.81 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g, from about 15, 20, 30, or 50 to 100, 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, or 700 mg and/or wherein the composition comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg meglumine, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, , e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • composition 1.81 wherein the concentration of
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g. from about 1 to 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50 or 60 mM, e.g., from about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, or 50 to 100, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, or 1000 mM, e.g., about 2, 20, or 200 mM, e.g., about 5, 10, 50, 500, 500, or 1000 mM, e.g., wherein the concentration of
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula II, e.g., about 2.5 or 5 to 10, e.g. about 2.5, e.g., about 5, e.g., wherein the concentration of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g.
  • concentration of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate.
  • composition 1.84 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate), e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate
  • the solvent comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate), e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10
  • composition 1.84 wherein the concentration of the
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate) is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • the concentration of the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula II, e.g., about 2.5 or 5 to 10, e.g.
  • the concentration of the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate
  • concentration of the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10.
  • a buffeing agent e.g., an amine and/or a salt thereof
  • a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • composition 1.87 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the base, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the base e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • composition 1.87 wherein the concentration of the base is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • the concentration of the one or more bases is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution comprises one or more bulking agents, e.g., one or more of maltose, mannose, ribose, cyclodextrin, mannitol, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose, raffmose, arginine, glycine, histidine, dextran (e.g., dextran 40), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol, e.g., one or more of mannitol, glucose, sucrose, lactose, trehalose, and dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution comprises one or more bulking agents, e.g., one or more of maltose, mannose, ribose, cyclodextrin, mannitol, lactose, sucrose, tre
  • composition 1.44-1.90 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g of one or more bulking agents, e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g of one or more bulking agents.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the bulking agents e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g of one or more bulking agents.
  • composition 1.44-1.91 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • dextran e.g., dextran 40
  • dextran e.g., dextran 40
  • composition 1.44-1.93 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises one or more solubilizing agents, e.g., ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof (e.g., calcium disodium EDTA, disodium EDTA, sodium EDTA), alpha cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl- -cyclodextrin, polysorbate 80, tert-butanol, isopropanol, dichloromethane, ethanol, acetone, and glycerol; one or more collapse temperature modifiers which may shift the overall collapse temperature higher, e.g., one or more of dextran, Ficoll ® , gelatin, and hydroxyethyl starch; one or more tonicity modifiers, e.g., one or more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sucrose, mannitol, and glucose; and one or more antimicrobial agents, e.g
  • Composition 1.44-1.94 wherein the pH after admixture with the solvent, e.g., the aqueous solution, is between pH 7 and pH 10.5, e.g., between pH 7 and pH 9.5, e.g., between pH 7 and pH 8, e.g., between 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., 7.5, e.g., 8.5, e.g., 8.2.
  • the solvent e.g., the aqueous solution
  • the pH 7 and pH 10.5 e.g., between pH 7 and pH 9.5, e.g., between pH 7 and pH 8, e.g., between 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., 7.5, e.g., 8.5, e.g., 8.2.
  • Composition 1.44-1.95 wherein the pH after admixture with the solvent, e.g., the aqueous solution, is further adjusted, e.g., adjusted to achieve a pH between pH 7 and pH 10.5, e.g., between pH 7 and pH 9.5, e.g., between pH 7 and pH 8, e.g., between 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., 7.5, e.g., 8.5, e.g., 8.2, e.g., wherein the pH is adjusted with NaOH.
  • the pH is adjusted with NaOH.
  • composition 1.44-1.96 wherein the composition is filtered after admixture with the solvent, e.g., the aqueous solution, to remove particles and microbes, e.g., filtered prior to injection.
  • the solvent e.g., the aqueous solution
  • composition 1.44-1.97 wherein the composition is administered about 24 hours, 12 hours, 10 hours, 8 hours, 2 hours, 1 hour, 30 minutes, 20 minutes, 15 minutes, 10 minutes, 5 minutes, 3 minutes, 2 minutes or 1 minute or less after admixture.
  • Composition 1.44-1.98 wherein the composition comprises Formula II
  • composition 1.44- 1.99 wherein the composition comprises at least a 1 : 1 molar ratio of Formula II to a cation of the base.
  • composition 1.44- 1.98 wherein the composition comprises Formula III
  • composition 1.44- 1.98 or 1.101 wherein the composition comprises at least a 1 :2 molar ratio of Formula III to a cation of the base, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8 to 1 : 10, 1 :15, 1 :20, or 1 :30, e.g., at least about 1 :2.5 to 1 :5, 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8, 1 :9, 1 : 10, 1 :15, 1 :20, or 1 :30, e.g., at least about 1 :2.5, e.g., at least about 1 :5, e.g. at least about 1 : 10.
  • composition I or 1.1-1.102 wherein the composition is for injection e.g., subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, or intrathecally, e.g.,
  • intramuscularly or intravenously e.g., a bolus injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, or intrathecally.
  • composition 1.103 wherein the composition is for injection intravenously, e.g., IV bolus and/or IV infusion, e.g., IV bolus followed by IV infusion, e.g., a loading bolus (e.g., 10 or 20 to 30, 50, 70, 75, 100, 140, 150, 200, 300 or 400 mg per day administered by a loading bolus dose, e.g., about 50 to 200 or 250 mg per day administered by a loading bolus dose, e.g., about 70 to 140 mg per day administered by a loading bolus dose, e.g., a concentration of the dissolved salt administered by a loading bolus dose of 1 to 4, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30, or 50 mM per day, e.g., a concentration of the dissolved salt administered by a loading bolus dose of about 2 to 5, 10, 15, or 20 mM per day, e.g., a concentration of the dissolved salt administered by a loading bolus dose of about 4 to
  • composition 1.104 wherein the composition is for injection intramuscularly, e.g., IM bolus and/or IM infusion, e.g., IM bolus followed by IM infusion.
  • Composition 1.104 or 1.105 wherein the infusion, e.g., IV or IM, is administered over about 10 or 30 minutes to 72 hours, e.g., about 30 minutes to 24 hours, e.g, about 30 minutes to 12 hours, e.g., about 30 minutes to 8 hours, e.g., about 30 minutes to 6 hours, e.g., about 30 minutes to 4 hours, e.g., about 30 minutes to 2 hours, e.g., about 30 minutes to 1 hour, e.g., about 72 hours.
  • Composition 1.2-1.106 wherein the 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and the one or more bases are milled together.
  • composition I wherein the composition is formulated for oral administration.
  • Composition 1.108 wherein the composition is a tablet, capsule, solution, suspension, or the like.
  • composition I wherein the composition comprises between 20 and 500 mg 2- ⁇ [3 ,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate (Formula I), e.g., between about 25 and 450 mg, e.g., between about 30 and 400 mg, e.g., between about 35 and 350 mg, and one or more bases, e.g., one or more of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, Na 2 HP0 4 , meglumine, and sodium citrate, e.g., between 10 and 1500 mg of one or more of
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, Na 2 HP04, meglumine, and sodium citrate e.g., between about 15 and 1000 mg, e.g., between about 20 and 600 mg, e.g., between about 50 and 200 mg, e.g., between about 50 and 150 mg, e.g., between 10 and 1500 mg of the base, e.g., between about 15 and 1000 mg, e.g., between about 20 and 600 mg, e.g., between about 50 and 200 mg, e.g., between about 50 and 150 mg.
  • composition 1.110 wherein the composition comprises between 20 and 500 mg 2- ⁇ [3 ,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate (Formula I), e.g., between about 25 and 450 mg, e.g., between about 30 and 400 mg, e.g., between about 35 and 350 mg, and
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane e.g., between 10 and 600 mg
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane e.g., between about 20 and 500, e.g., between about 40 and 500 mg.
  • composition 1.110 wherein the composition comprises between 20 and 500 mg 2- ⁇ [3 ,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate (Formula I), e.g., between about 25 and 450 mg, e.g., between about 30 and 400 mg, e.g., between about 35 and 350 mg, and Na 2 HP0 4 , e.g., between 10 and 600 mg Na 2 HP0 4 , e.g., between about 20 and 500, e.g., between about 40 and 500 mg.
  • Forma I 2- ⁇ [3 ,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate
  • composition 1.110 wherein the composition comprises between 20 and 500 mg 2- ⁇ [3 ,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate (Formula I), e.g., between about 25 and 450 mg, e.g., between about 30 and 400 mg, e.g., between about 35 and 350 mg, and meglumine, e.g., between 20 and 900 mg meglumine, e.g., between about 30 and 800, e.g., between about 60 and 500 mg, e.g, between about 70 and 400 mg.
  • Forma I 2- ⁇ [3 ,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate
  • meglumine e.g., between 20 and 900 mg meglumine, e.g., between about 30 and 800, e.g., between about 60 and 500 mg,
  • composition 1.110 wherein the composition comprises between 20 and 500 mg 2- ⁇ [3 ,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate (Formula I), e.g., between about 25 and 450 mg, e.g., between about 30 and 400 mg, e.g., between about 35 and 350 mg, and sodium citrate, e.g., between 30 and 1500 mg sodium citrate, e.g., between about 40 and 1200, e.g., between about 50 and 1000 mg, e.g, between about 80 and 600 mg, e.g., between about 100 and 500 mg.
  • Forma I 2- ⁇ [3 ,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate
  • sodium citrate e.g., between 30 and 1500 mg sodium citrate, e.g., between about 40 and 1200,
  • composition 1.110-1.115 wherein the composition is admixed with a solvent, e.g., sterile water for injection, a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), a sterile solution comprising benzyl alcohol (e.g., bacteriostatic water for injection with benzyl alcohol or bacteriostatic sodium chloride for injection with benzyl alcohol), or Lactated Ringer's, e.g., wherein the composition is admixed with 1 mL to 100 mL, e.g., about 3 to 50 mL, e.g., about 3.5 to 35 mL.
  • a solvent e.g., sterile water for injection, a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (
  • composition 1.110-1.115 wherein the composition is admixed with a sterile water for injection, e.g., wherein the composition is admixed with 1 mL to 100 mL, e.g., about 3 to 50 mL, e.g., about 3.5 to 35 mL.
  • composition 1.110-1.115 wherein the composition is admixed with a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), e.g., wherein the composition is admixed with 1 mL to 100 mL, e.g., about 3 to 50 mL, e.g., about 3.5 to 35 mL.
  • a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection)
  • 1 mL to 100 mL e.g., about 3 to 50 mL, e.g., about 3.5 to 35 mL.
  • composition I or 1.1-1.117 wherein the composition comprises one or more additional therapeutic agents, e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for cerebral edema, stroke, traumatic brain injury, glioma (e.g., glioblastoma), meningitis, acute mountain sickness, infection, metabolic disorder, hypoxia, water intoxication, hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, diabetic ketoacidosis, abscess, eclampsia, Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease, lupus cerebritis, optic nerve edema, hyponatremia, fluid retention, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, epilepsy, retinal ischemia or other diseases of the eye associated with one or more additional therapeutic agents, e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for cerebral edema, stroke, traumatic brain injury, glioma (e.g., glioblastoma), meningitis, acute mountain sickness, infection, metabolic disorder, hypoxia,
  • abnormalities in intraocular pressure and/or tissue hydration myocardial ischemia, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, myocardial hypoxia, congestive heart failure, sepsis, neuromyelitis optica, or migraines.
  • composition I or 1.1-1.118 wherein the composition comprises one or more additional therapeutic agents, e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for pulmonary edema, fibromyalgia, or multiple sclerosis.
  • additional therapeutic agents e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for pulmonary edema, fibromyalgia, or multiple sclerosis.
  • composition I or 1.1-1.119 wherein the composition is stable for at least one week at room temperature, e.g., for at least 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 months, e.g., the composition has ⁇ 20% N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide, ⁇ 15% N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide, ⁇ 10% N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide, ⁇ 5% N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide, ⁇ 2% N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide, 1 % N- [3 ,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5 -chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide,
  • composition I or 1.1-1.120 wherein the composition comprises less than 10%, 15%, or 20% of N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide, e.g., less than 5, 4, 3, or 2% of N-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide for at least one week, e.g., for at least 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 months.
  • Composition I or 1.1-1.121 wherein the composition is administered concurrently or sequentially, in either order, with one or more additional therapeutic agents, e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for cerebral edema, stroke, traumatic brain injury, glioma (e.g., glioblastoma), meningitis, acute mountain sickness, infection, metabolic disorder, hypoxia, water intoxication, hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, diabetic ketoacidosis, abscess, eclampsia, Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease, lupus cerebritis, optic nerve edema, hyponatremia, fluid retention, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, epilepsy, retinal ischemia or other diseases of the eye associated with abnormalities in intraocular pressure and/or tissue hydration, myocardial ischemia, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, myocardial hypoxia, congestive heart failure
  • composition I or 1.1 - 1.122 wherein the composition is administered concurrently or sequentially, in either order, with one or more additional therapeutic agents, e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for pulmonary edema, fibromyalgia, or multiple sclerosis.
  • additional therapeutic agents e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for pulmonary edema, fibromyalgia, or multiple sclerosis.
  • composition I or 1.1-1.123 wherein the composition is for use in any of the
  • Method A e.g., Method A.1-A.58
  • Method B e.g., Method B.1-B.41
  • Method C e.g., C.1-C.8, e.g., for use in Method D, e.g., D.1-D.19, e.g., for use in Method E, e.g., E.1-E.59
  • Method F e.g., F.1-F.5, e.g., for use in Method G, e.g., G.1-G.58, e.g., for use in Method H, e.g., H.1-H.9, vida infra.
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is provided as a solid that is to be admixed with a solvent, e.g., a sterile solution, to provide a pharmaceut cally acceptable liquid, it is typically provided as a powder and admixed immediately or shortly before administration to the patient.
  • a solvent e.g., a sterile solution
  • the powdered 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate may be packaged in a container, for example, in a vial to which is added the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution.
  • the contents of the vial may be added to the solvent, e.g., the steril solution, in a separate container.
  • the powdered 2- ⁇ [3, 5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is packaged in a sachet, such as a foil package, that can be opened and the contents added to the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution.
  • the powdered 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is formulated as a tablet that dissolves when it is added to the solvent, e.g., the sterils solution.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate, e.g., Composition I, e.g., composition 1.1-1.124, is prepared by admixing 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate with a
  • 2- ⁇ [3 ,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient are milled together.
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is crystalline.
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is amorphous.
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ - 4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is lyophilized.
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, e.g., Composition I, e.g., composition 1.1-1.124, are lyophilized.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate, e.g., Composition I, e.g., composition 1.1-1.124, is prepared by admixing 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate with a sterile solution, e.g., sterile water for injection or a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), to form a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid.
  • a sterile solution e.g., sterile water for injection or a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is admixed with the sterile solution immediately or shortly before administration.
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is admixed with a base, e.g., sodium citrate, sodium phosphate (e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 ), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and/or a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate) prior to admixture with the sterile solution, e.g., sterile water for injection or a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection).
  • a base e.g., sodium citrate, sodium phosphate (e.g., Na 2
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is admixed with a base, e.g., sodium citrate, sodium phosphate (e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 ), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and/or a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate) and/or a bulking agent, e.g., dextran (e.g., dextran 40), prior to admixture with the sterile solution, e.g., sterile water for injection or a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection).
  • a base e.g., sodium citrate, sodium phosphate (e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 ), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and/or a tris(hydroxymethyl)amin
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate admixed with the base and/or the bulking agent is lyophilized. In some embodiments, 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate admixed with the base and/or the bulking agent are milled together.
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is admixed with a sterile solution comprising a base, e.g., sodium citrate, sodium phosphate (e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 ), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and/or a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate).
  • a base e.g., sodium citrate, sodium phosphate (e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 ), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and/or a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate).
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is admixed with a sterile solution comprising a base, e.g., sodium citrate, sodium phosphate (e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 ), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane base, and/or a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate) and/or a bulking agent.
  • a base e.g., sodium citrate, sodium phosphate (e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 ), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane base, and/or a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate) and/or a bulking agent.
  • a base e.g., sodium citrate, sodium
  • the admixture of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and the sterile solution is agitated, e.g., any mode of agitation that results in a clear liquid, e.g., mechanical agitation, sonication, conventional mixing, conventional stirring and the combinations thereof.
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate admixed with the sterile solution is lyophilized.
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate admixed with the sterile solution is crystalline. In some embodiments, 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate admixed with the sterile solution is amorphous.
  • Composition I e.g., composition 1.1-1.124, is prepared by admixing 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate with a solvent, e.g., a sterile water for injection or a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection).
  • a solvent e.g., a sterile water for injection or a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection).
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is admixed with a base, e.g., sodium citrate, sodium phosphate (e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 ),
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and/or a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate) and/or a bulking agent, e.g., dextran (e.g., dextran 40), prior to admixture with the solvent, e.g. an aqueous solution.
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate
  • a bulking agent e.g., dextran (e.g., dextran 40)
  • the solvent e.g., the aqueous solution
  • the solvent comprises a base, e.g., sodium citrate, sodium phosphate (e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 ), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and/or a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate) and/or a bulking agent, e.g., dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • a base e.g., sodium citrate, sodium phosphate (e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 )
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate
  • a bulking agent e.g., dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • the admixture of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and the solvent, e.g., the aqueous solution is agitated after admixture, e.g., by any mode of agitation that results in a clear liquid, e.g., mechanical agitation, sonication, conventional mixing, conventional stirring and the combinations thereof.
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is lyophilized.
  • the admixture of 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and the base and/or bulking agent is lyophilized. In some embodiments, the admixture of 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and the base and/or bulking agent is milled together. In some
  • 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is admixed with the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, immediately or shortly before administration.
  • compositions disclosed herein e.g., Composition I, e.g., composition 1.1- 1.124, may be contained in a sterilized vessel such as syringes, vials or ampoules of various sizes and capacities.
  • composition I e.g., composition 1.1-1.124
  • metal hydroxide salt e.g., NaOH and/or KOH, e.g.,
  • the base is a solid.
  • the bases used herein may form a buffer with the 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate. If a solution of the base described herein and bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is too basic, the phosphate group may be cleaved. On the other hand, if the solution is too acidic, the solubility of 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate may decrease.
  • base is any inorganic or organic Bronsted base.
  • a method for increasing the stability of a solid state formulation comprising 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the method comprises milling 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate with a base, e.g., with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane for later reconstitution as an aqueous solution for injection.
  • a method for lessening the potential for precipitation of N-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide and allows for IV administration comprising comprises milling 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate with a base, e.g., with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and reconstituting as an aqueous solution for injection.
  • Formula I with a free base e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, e.g., meglumine.
  • a free base e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, e.g., meglumine.
  • Method I of making a pharmaceutical composition comprising 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate, e.g., Composition I, e.g., composition 1.1-1.124, wherein the method comprises admixing 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • Method I or 1.1 comprising admixing 0.1 or 0.25 mg to 2.0 g of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate, e.g., from about 0.1 or 0.25 mg to 75 or 600 mg, e.g., from about 0.1 or 0.25 or 1 or 2 or 5 or 10 or 15 or 20 mg to 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, 350, 400, 500, or 600 mg, or 1 g, 1.5 g, or 2.0 g, e.g., from about 5 to 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, 350, 400, 500, or 600 mg, or 1 g, 1.5 g, or 2 g, e.g., from about 5 to 500 mg, e.g., from about 5 to 300 or 350 mg, e.g., from about 5 to 200 mg, e.g., from about 25 to 500 mg, e
  • Method I 1.1 or 1.2 comprising admixing 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate in an amount sufficient to provide a dose of 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg to 1 or 5 or 10 or 15 mg/kg of N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide, e.g., a dose of about 0.05 to 1 or 5 mg/kg, e.g., a dose of about 0.05 to 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg with one or more bases.
  • Method 1.1-1.3 wherein upon dissolution of the composition in a solvent, e.g., the aqueous solution, the composition has a pH between 7, 7.5, or 8 and 10.5, e.g., between about 7, 7.5, or 8 and 9.5, e.g., between about 7 or 7.5 and 8, e.g., between about 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., about 7.5, e.g., about 8.5, e.g., between about 8 and 8.5, e.g., about 8.2, e.g., a base wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, e.g., wherein the one or more bases are one or more of:
  • a Ci-8-alkyl mono-, di-, or tri- carboxylic acid salt e.g., a citrate salt, e.g, a metal citrate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate), e.g., a tartrate salt (e.g., a metal tartrate salt, an alkali tartrate, e.g., sodium tartrate), e.g., a succinate salt (e.g., a metal succinate salt, e.g., an alkali succinate, e.g., disodium succinate), and/or e.g., a lactate salt (e.g., a metal lactate salt, e.g., an alkali lactate, e.g., sodium lactate), b) a phosphate salt, e.g., a cit
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci- 8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., -C(CH 2 ).
  • Ci-salkyl e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3
  • n is 0 or Ci- 8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, dimethylethanolamine, diethylamine, diethylethanolamine, and/or diethanolamine), e.g., any of the preceding wherein a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9,
  • a metal chloride salt e.g., zinc chloride
  • an acetate salt e.g., a metal acetate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate),
  • a metal acetate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate
  • a hydroxide and/or alkoxide salt e.g., a metal hydroxide and/or
  • alkoxide salt e.g., a quarternary ammonium hydroxide, e.g., ammonium hydroxide and/or choline hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and/or magnesium ethoxide, e.g., sodium hydroxide),
  • a quarternary ammonium hydroxide e.g., ammonium hydroxide and/or choline hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and/or magnesium ethoxide, e.g., sodium hydroxide
  • an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt e.
  • a carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt e.g., a metal carbonate and/or metal bicarbonate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline carbonate salt, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate), and/or
  • a metal carbonate and/or metal bicarbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline carbonate salt, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., one or more of sodium citrate, Na 2 HP04, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate)
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • sodium citrate e.g., sodium citrate
  • Na 2 HP04 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris acetate
  • Method 1.1-1.4 wherein upon dissolution of the composition in a solvent, e.g., the aqueous solution, the composition has a pH between 7, 7.5, or 8 and 10.5, e.g., between about 7, 7.5, or 8 and 9.5, e.g., between about 7 or 7.5 and 8, e.g., between about 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., about 7.5, e.g., about 8.5, e.g., between about 8 and 8.5, e.g., about 8.2, e.g., a base wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, e.g., wherein the one or more bases are one or more of:
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline phosphate salt, e.g., an alkali phosphate salt, e.g., sodium phosphate (e.g., NaH 2 P0 4 and/or Na 2 HP0 4 ) and/or potassium phosphate (e.g., KH 2 P0 4 and/or K 2 HP0 4 )
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, d) a metal acetate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate), e) a metal hydroxide salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide,
  • a metal acetate salt e.g.
  • a metal carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or
  • alkaline carbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • alkaline carbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., one or more of sodium citrate, Na 2 HP04, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate)
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • sodium citrate e.g., sodium citrate
  • Na 2 HP04 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris acetate
  • Method 1.1-1.5 comprising admixing 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate with 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the one or more bases, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • Method 1.1-1.7 wherein the one or more bases comprise a metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate).
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • Method 1.8 wherein the 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is admixed with 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of a metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate), e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • Method 1.1-1.9 wherein the one or more bases comprise a metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04).
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04.
  • Method 1.10 wherein the 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is admixed with 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of a metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04), e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • the one or more bases comprise an amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ]3N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or C1-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3
  • a salt thereof e
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • Ci-salkyl e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., - CH3 and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 )3- e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Method 1.1-1.15 wherein the one or more bases comprise a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 -, e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine).
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., - CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH 2 -CH 2 - e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • Method 1.1-1.17 wherein the one or more bases comprise (HO) n R 8 NH 2 ,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine).
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane e.g., meglumine.
  • Method 1.20 wherein the 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is admixed with 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg and/or wherein the 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is admixed with 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg meglumine, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg
  • the one or more bases comprise a base wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • Method 1.24 wherein the 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is admixed with 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the base, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Method 1.1-1.26 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to the one or more bases is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1 :6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • Method 1.27 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to a metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate) is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • Method 1.27 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to a metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04) is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (also known as tris base) and/or a salt thereof (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine) is at least 1:2, e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, is 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1 :6, 1 :7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g.
  • Method 1.27 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is at least 1:2, e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate) is at least 1:2, e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • Method 1.27 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to a base wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9 is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1 :6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least
  • Method I or 1.1-1.35 further comprising admixing with one or more bulking agents which may provide an adequate structure to the lyophilized cake, e.g., one or more of mannitol, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose, raffmose, arginine, glycine, histidine, dextran (e.g., dextran 40), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol, e.g., one or more of mannitol, glucose, sucrose, lactose, trehalose, and dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • one or more bulking agents which may provide an adequate structure to the lyophilized cake, e.g., one or more of mannitol, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose, raffmose, arginine, glycine, histidine
  • Method I or 1.1-1.36 further comprising admixing with 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g of one or more bulking agents, e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g of one or more bulking agents.
  • one or more bulking agents e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g of one or more bulking agents.
  • Method I or 1.1-1.37 further comprising admixing with dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • Method I or 1.1-1.38 further comprising admixing with 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40), e.g., from about 50 mg or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • Method I or 1.1-1.39 further comprising admixing with one or more solubilizing agents, e.g., ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof (e.g., calcium disodium EDTA, disodium EDTA, sodium EDTA), alpha cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl- -cyclodextrin, polysorbate 80, tert-butanol, isopropanol, dichloromethane, ethanol, acetone, and glycerol; one or more collapse
  • EDTA ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
  • salt thereof e.g., calcium disodium EDTA, disodium EDTA, sodium EDTA
  • alpha cyclodextrin hydroxypropyl- -cyclodextrin
  • polysorbate 80 tert-butanol
  • isopropanol dichloromethane
  • dichloromethane
  • temperature modifiers which may shift the overall collapse temperature higher, e.g., one or more of dextran, Ficoll ® , gelatin, and hydroxyethyl starch; one or more tonicity modifiers, e.g., one or more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sucrose, mannitol, glucose, and lactose; and one or more antimicrobial agents, e.g., one or more of benzyl alcohol, phenol, 2-phenoxyethanol, m-cresol, chlorobutanol, parabens (e.g., methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben), benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, myristyl gamma-picolinium salt (e.g., myristyl gamma-picolinium chloride), and organomercury compounds and salts (e.g., phenyl mercuric acetate, phenyl
  • Method I or 1.1-1.40 further comprising milling the 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and the one or more bases.
  • Method I or 1.1-1.41 further comprising lyophilizing the 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and the one or more bases, e.g., by freezing, primary drying, and secondary drying.
  • Method I or 1.1-1.42 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is lyophilized, e.g., by freezing, primary drying, and secondary drying, prior to admixture with the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • Method I or 1.1-1.45 further comprising constituting or reconstituting, if lyophilized, the composition with a solvent, e.g., the aqueous solution, into a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid (e.g., a solution or suspension, e.g., a
  • Method I or 1.1-1.46 further comprising admixing the composition with a solvent, e.g., a sterile solution, e.g., sterile water for injection, a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), a sterile solution comprising benzyl alcohol (e.g., bacteriostatic water for injection with benzyl alcohol or bacteriostatic sodium chloride for injection with benzyl alcohol), or Lactated Ringer's.
  • a solvent e.g., a sterile solution, e.g., sterile water for injection, a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), a sterile solution comprising benzyl alcohol (e.g
  • Method I or 1.1-1.47 further comprising admixing the composition with 0.5 to 500 mL solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • solvent e.g., an aqueous solution, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL
  • Method I or 1.1-1.48 further comprising admixing the composition with 0.5 to 500 mL sterile solution, e.g., sterile water for injection, a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), a sterile solution comprising benzyl alcohol (e.g., bacteriostatic water for injection with benzyl alcohol or bacteriostatic sodium chloride for injection with benzyl alcohol), or Lactated Ringer's, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25,
  • Method I or 1.1-1.49 further comprising admixing the composition with sterile water for injection or a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection).
  • Method I or 1.1-1.50 further comprising admixing the composition with sterile water for injection.
  • Method 1.51 wherein the composition is admixed with 0.5 to 500 mL sterile water for injection, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • 0.5 to 500 mL sterile water for injection e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200
  • Method I or 1.1-1.52 further comprising admixing the composition with a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection).
  • a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection).
  • Method 1.53 wherein the composition is admixed with 0.5 to 500 mL a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9%> sodium chloride injection), e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • sodium chloride e.g. 0.9%> sodium chloride injection
  • composition comprises Formula II
  • composition comprises at least a 1 : 1 molar ratio of Formula II to a cation of the base.
  • composition comprises Formula III
  • composition comprises at least a 1 :2 molar ratio of Formula III to a cation of the base e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8 to 1 : 10, 1 : 15, 1 :20, or 1 :30, e.g., at least about 1 :2.5 to 1 :5, 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8, 1 :9, 1 : 10, 1 : 15, 1 :20, or 1 :30, e.g., at least about 1 :2.5, e.g., at least about 1 :5, e.g. at least about 1 : 10.
  • Method 1.47-1.58 wherein the concentration of Formula II or Formula III, e.g., the concentration of Formula II, e.g, the concentration of Formula III, is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1 , 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250 mM, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises a base, e.g., a base
  • the composition has a pH between 7, 7.5, or 8 and 10.5, e.g., between about 7, 7.5, or 8 and 9.5, e.g., between about 7 or 7.5 and 8, e.g., between about 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., about 7.5, e.g., about 8.5, e.g., between about 8 and 8.5, e.g., about 8.2, e.g., a base with a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 1 1 , e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9 between 6 and 1 1 , e.g., between 6.5 and 10, e.g.
  • a Ci-8-alkyl mono-, di-, or tri- carboxylic acid salt e.g., a citrate salt, e.g, a metal citrate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate), e.g., a tartrate salt (e.g., a metal tartrate salt, an alkali tartrate, e.g., sodium tartrate), e.g., a succinate salt (e.g., a metal succinate salt, e.g., an alkali succinate, e.g., disodium succinate), and/or e.g., a lactate salt (e.g., a metal lactate salt, e.g., an alkali lactate, e.g., sodium lactate), b) a phosphate salt, e.g., a cit
  • an amine and/or a salt thereof e.g., morpholine, piperazine,
  • benzathine trimethylglycine, hydrabamine, 4-(2- hydroxyethyl)morpholine, l-2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine and/or lysine), a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 ,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is - CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (also known as tris base) and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate also known as tris acetate
  • meglumine dimethylethanolamine
  • diethylamine tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate
  • diethylethanolamine, and/or diethanolamine e.g., any of the preceding wherein a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, b) a metal chloride salt (e.g., zinc chloride),
  • an acetate salt e.g., a metal acetate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate), d) a hydroxide and/or alkoxide salt, e.g., a metal hydroxide and/or alkoxide salt (e.g., a quarternary ammonium hydroxide, e.g., ammonium hydroxide and/or choline hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and/or magnesium ethoxide e.g., sodium hydroxide),
  • a metal acetate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate
  • a carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt e.g., a metal carbonate and/or metal bicarbonate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline carbonate salt, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate), and/or
  • a metal carbonate and/or metal bicarbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline carbonate salt, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., one or more of sodium citrate, Na 2 HP04, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate)
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • sodium citrate e.g., sodium citrate
  • Na 2 HP04 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris acetate
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises a base, e.g., a base
  • the composition has a pH between 7, 7.5, or 8 and 10.5, e.g., between about 7, 7.5, or 8 and 9.5, e.g., between about 7 or 7.5 and 8, e.g., between about 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., about 7.5, e.g., about 8.5, e.g., between about 8 and 8.5, e.g., about 8.2, e.g., a base with a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, e.g., wherein the base is one or more of:
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline phosphate salt, e.g., an alkali phosphate salt, e.g., sodium phosphate (e.g., NaH 2 P04 and/or Na 2 HP04) and/or potassium phosphate (e.g., KH2PO4 and/or c) an amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO)nR 8
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, d) a metal acetate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate), e) a metal hydroxide salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide,
  • a metal acetate salt e.g.
  • a metal carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or
  • alkaline carbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • alkaline carbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., one or more of sodium citrate, Na 2 HP04, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate)
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • sodium citrate e.g., sodium citrate
  • Na 2 HP04 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris acetate
  • Method 1.60-1.62 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the one or more base, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the one or more base, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Method 1.60-1.63 wherein the concentration of each of the one or more bases is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • each of the one or more bases is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10.
  • the one or more bases comprise one or more of a metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate) and a metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 ).
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • Method 1.66 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of a metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate), e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • Method 1.67 wherein the concentration of the metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate) is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • concentration of the metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of a metal phosphate salt (e.g, sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 ), e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g, sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • Method 1.70 wherein the concentration of the metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 ), is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • the concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • the concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • concentration of the metal phosphate salt is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10.
  • the one or more bases comprise an amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ]3N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or C1-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2 )3-
  • a salt thereof
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6 and 11, e.g., between 6.5 and 10, e.g., between 7 and 9, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Method 1.72 wherein the concentration of the amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ]3N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., - C(CH 2 )
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamme
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH 2 CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., C1-4- alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g.,
  • the one or more bases comprise a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CFhCFb, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or C1-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., - C(CH 2 )3-, e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamme).
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO)nR 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or salt thereof
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CFhCFb, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH 2 -CH 2 - e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(
  • Method 1.76 wherein the concentration of the mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1 , 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (also known as tris base) and/or a salt thereof (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane a
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • Formula II is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula II, e.g., about 2.5 or 5 to 10, e.g.
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., C1-4- alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 )3-, e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 )6-) and each n
  • Ci-salkyl e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., - CH3 and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 )3- e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine).
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., C1-4- alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 )3-, e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 )6-) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • Ci-salkyl e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., - CH 3
  • n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene
  • Ci-6-alkylene e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 -
  • one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -
  • each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • Formula II is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula II, e.g., about 2.5 or 5 to 10, e.g.
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4- alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 -, e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane e.g, meglumine.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg and/or wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of meglumine, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Method 1.81 wherein the concentration of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10 and/or wherein the concentration of meglumine is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate.
  • Method 1.84 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Method 1.84 wherein the concentration of the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate) is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • the one or more bases comprise a base wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the base, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Method 1.87 wherein the concentration of the base is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution comprises one or more bulking agents, e.g., one or more of maltose, mannose, ribose, cyclodextrin, mannitol, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose, raffmose, arginine, glycine, histidine, dextran (e.g., dextran 40), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol, e.g., one or more of mannitol, glucose, sucrose, lactose, trehalose, and dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution comprises one or more bulking agents, e.g., one or more of maltose, mannose, ribose, cyclodextrin,
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g of one or more bulking agents, e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g of one or more bulking agents.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises one or more solubilizing agents, e.g., ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof (e.g., calcium disodium EDTA, disodium EDTA, sodium EDTA), alpha cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl- -cyclodextrin, polysorbate 80, tert-butanol, isopropanol, dichloromethane, ethanol, acetone, and glycerol; one or more collapse temperature modifiers which may shift the overall collapse temperature higher, e.g., one or more of dextran, Ficoll ® , gelatin, and hydroxyethyl starch; one or more tonicity modifiers, e.g., one or more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sucrose, mannitol, and glucose; and one or more antimicrobial agents, e.g.
  • Method 1.47-1.94 wherein the pH after admixture with the solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, is between pH 7 and pH 10.5, e.g., between pH 7 and pH 9.5, e.g., between pH 7 and pH 8, e.g., between 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., 7.5, e.g., 8.5, e.g., 8.2.
  • the solvent e.g., an aqueous solution
  • Method 1.47-1.95 wherein the pH after admixture with the solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, is further adjusted, e.g., adjusted to achieve a pH between pH 7 and pH 10.5, e.g., between pH 7 and pH 9.5, e.g., between pH 7 and pH 8, e.g., between 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., 7.5, e.g., 8.5, e.g., 8.2, e.g., wherein the pH is adjusted with NaOH.
  • the pH is adjusted with NaOH.
  • Method 1.47-1.96 further comprising filtering after admixture with the solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, to remove particles and microbes, e.g., filtered prior to injection.
  • the solvent e.g., an aqueous solution
  • composition comprises Formula II
  • composition comprises at least a 1 : 1 molar ratio of Formula II to a cation of the base.
  • composition 1.47- 1.96 wherein the composition comprises Formula III
  • composition comprises at least a 1 :2 ratio of Formula III to a cation of the base, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8 to 1 : 10, 1 :15, 1 :20, or 1 :30, e.g., at least about 1 :2.5 to 1 :5, 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8, 1 :9, 1 : 10, 1 : 15, 1 :20, or 1 :30, e.g., at least about 1 :2.5, e.g., at least about 1 :5, e.g. at least about 1 : 10.
  • Method 1.47-1.101 wherein upon dissolution of the composition in the solvent, e.g., the aqueous solution, the composition has a pH between 7, 7.5, or 8 and 10.5, e.g., between about 7, 7.5, or 8 and 9.5, e.g., between about 7 or 7.5 and 8, e.g., between about 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., about 7.5, e.g., about 8.5, e.g., between about 8 and 8.5, e.g., about 8.2.
  • Method I or 1.1 - 1.102 further comprising admixing the composition with one or more additional therapeutic agents, e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for cerebral edema, stroke, traumatic brain injury, glioma (e.g., glioblastoma), meningitis, acute mountain sickness, infection, metabolic disorder, hypoxia, water intoxication, hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, diabetic ketoacidosis, abscess, eclampsia, Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease, lupus cerebritis, optic nerve edema, hyponatremia, fluid retention, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, epilepsy, retinal ischemia or other diseases of the eye associated with abnormalities in intraocular pressure and/or tissue hydration, myocardial ischemia, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, myocardial hypoxia, congestive heart failure, sepsis, neuro
  • Method I or 1.1-1.103 further comprising admixing the composition with one or more additional therapeutic agents, e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for pulmonary edema, fibromyalgia, or multiple sclerosis.
  • additional therapeutic agents e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for pulmonary edema, fibromyalgia, or multiple sclerosis.
  • salt solution I comprising a solvent, e.g., an aqueous sol tion, and a salt formed from a compound of Formula I
  • amine and/or a salt thereof e.g., morpholine, piperazine, benethamine, benzathine, trimethylglycine, hydrabamine, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine, l-2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine and/or lysine), a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO)nR 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-
  • Salt Solution I As follows:
  • Salt Solution I 1.1 , or 1.2 wherein the salt solution comprises a protonated and/or unprotonated mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, e.g., e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH3, [(HO)nR 8 ] 2 NH 2 , [(HO)nR 8 ] 3 NH, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 3 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH 2 , [(HO)nR 8 ] 3 NH + , wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6- alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g.,
  • Salt Solution 1.8 wherein the salt solution comprises at least a 1 :2 molar ratio of Formula II to the protonated mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, e.g., (HO)nR 8 NH 3 + , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH 2 + , [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 NH + , wherein each R 8 is
  • Ci-salkyl e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., - CH 3
  • n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene
  • Ci-6-alkylene e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 -
  • one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -
  • each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • Salt Solution 1.8-1.10 wherein the salt solution comprises at least a 1:2 molar ratio of Formula II to (HO) n R 8 NH 3 + , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH 2 + , [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 NH + , wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 - e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1,
  • Salt Solution 1.8-1.10 wherein the salt solution comprises at least a 1:2 molar ratio of Formula II to
  • 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30 e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • Salt Solution 1.8-1.10 wherein the salt solution comprises at least a 1:2 molar ratio of Formula II to , e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1 :6,
  • Salt Solution 1.14 wherein the salt solution comprises at least a 1 :2 molar ratio of Formula III to the protonated mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, e.g., (HO)nR 8 NH 3 + , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH 2 + , [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 NH + , wherein each R 8 is
  • Ci-salkyl e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., - CH 3
  • n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene
  • Ci-6-alkylene e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH 2 -CH 2 - e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -
  • each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • Salt Solution 1.14-1.15 wherein the salt solution comprises at least a 1 :2 molar ratio of Formula III to (HO) n R 8 NH 3 + , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH 2 + , [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 NH + , wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 - e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g
  • 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30 e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • sterile water for injection a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), a sterile solution comprising benzyl alcohol (e.g., bacteriostatic water for injection with benzyl alcohol or bacteriostatic sodium chloride for injection with benzyl alcohol), or Lactated Ringer's.
  • dextrose e.g., dextrose injection 5%
  • sodium chloride e.g. 0.9% sodium chloride injection
  • benzyl alcohol e.g., bacteriostatic water for injection with benzyl alcohol or bacteriostatic sodium chloride for injection with benzyl alcohol
  • Lactated Ringer's e.g., Lactated Ringer's.
  • Salt Solution I or 1.1 - 1.20 wherein the salt solution comprises 0.5 to 500 mL solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • an aqueous solution e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100,
  • Salt Solution I or 1.1-1.21 wherein the salt solution comprises 0.5 to 500 mL sterile solution, e.g., sterile water for injection, a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), a sterile solution comprising benzyl alcohol (e.g., bacteriostatic water for injection with benzyl alcohol or bacteriostatic sodium chloride for injection with benzyl alcohol), or Lactated Ringer's, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or
  • the salt solution comprises sterile water for injection or a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9%> sodium chloride injection).
  • Salt Solution 1.24 wherein the salt solution comprises 0.5 to 500 mL sterile water for injection, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • Salt Solution I or 1.1-1.25 wherein the salt solution comprises a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection).
  • Salt Solution 1.26 wherein the salt solution comprises 0.5 to 500 mL of a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • sodium chloride e.g. 0.9% sodium chloride injection
  • the concentration of Formula II or Formula III e.g., the concentration of Formula II, e.g, the concentration of Formula III is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • the salt solution comprises one or more bulking agents, e.g., one or more of maltose, mannose, ribose, cyclodextrin, mannitol, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose
  • Salt Solution I or 1.1 - 1.29 wherein the salt solution comprises 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g of one or more bulking agents, e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g of one or more bulking agents.
  • the salt solution comprises 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g of one or more bulking agents, e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g of one or more bulking agents.
  • dextran e.g., dextran 40
  • Salt Solution 1.31 wherein the salt solution comprises 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40), e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • dextran e.g., dextran 40
  • the salt solution comprises 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40), e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • Salt Solution I or 1.1 - 1.32 wherein the salt solution comprises one or more solubilizing agents, e.g., ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof (e.g., calcium disodium EDTA, disodium EDTA, sodium EDTA), alpha cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl- -cyclodextrin, polysorbate 80, tert-butanol, isopropanol, dichloromethane, ethanol, acetone, and glycerol; one or more collapse temperature modifiers which may shift the overall collapse temperature higher, e.g., one or more of dextran, Ficoll ® , gelatin, and hydroxyethyl starch; one or more tonicity modifiers, e.g., one or more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sucrose, mannitol, and glucose; and one or more antimicrobial agents, e.g., one or more of benz
  • Salt Solution I or 1.1 - 1.34 wherein the salt solution is filtered to remove particles and microbes, e.g., filtered prior to injection.
  • intramuscularly or intravenously e.g., a bolus injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, or intrathecally.
  • Salt Solution 1.36 wherein the salt solution is for injection intravenously, e.g., IV bolus and/or IV infusion, e.g., IV bolus followed by IV infusion, e.g., a loading bolus (e.g., 10 or 20 to 30, 50, 70, 75, 100, 140, 150, 200, 300 or 400 mg per day administered by a loading bolus dose, e.g., about 50 to 200 or 250 mg per day administered by a loading bolus dose, e.g., about 70 to 140 mg per day administered by a loading bolus dose, e.g., a concentration of the dissolved salt administered by a loading bolus dose of 1 to 4, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30, or 50 mM per day, e.g., a concentration of the dissolved salt administered by a loading bolus dose of about 2 to 5, 10, 15, or 20 mM per day, e.g., a concentration of the dissolved salt administered by a loading bolus dose of about
  • Salt Solution 1.36 wherein the salt solution is for injection intramuscularly, e.g., IM bolus and/or IM infusion, e.g., IM bolus followed by IM infusion.
  • the infusion e.g., IV or IM
  • abnormalities in intraocular pressure and/or tissue hydration myocardial ischemia, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, myocardial hypoxia, congestive heart failure, sepsis, neuromyelitis optica, or migraines.
  • additional therapeutic agents e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for pulmonary edema, fibromyalgia, or multiple sclerosis.
  • Salt Solution I or 1.1 - 1.41 wherein the salt solution is stable for at least one week, at room temperature, e.g., for at least 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 months, e.g., the composition has ⁇ 20% N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide, ⁇ 15% N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide, ⁇ 10% N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide, ⁇ 5% N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide, ⁇ 2% N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide, 1 % N- [3 ,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5 -chloro-2-
  • Salt Solution I or 1.1 - 1.42 wherein the salt solution comprises less than 10%, 15%, or 20% of N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzamide, e.g., less than 5, 4, 3, or 2% of N-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide for at least one week, e.g., for at least 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 months.
  • Salt Solution I or 1.1 - 1.43 wherein the salt solution is administered concurrently or sequentially, in either order, with one or more additional therapeutic agents, e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for cerebral edema, stroke, traumatic brain injury, glioma (e.g., glioblastoma), meningitis, acute mountain sickness, infection, metabolic disorder, hypoxia, water intoxication, hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, diabetic ketoacidosis, abscess, eclampsia, Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease, lupus cerebritis, optic nerve edema, hyponatremia, fluid retention, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, epilepsy, retinal ischemia or other diseases of the eye associated with abnormalities in intraocular pressure and/or tissue hydration, myocardial ischemia, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, myocardial hypoxia, congestive
  • Salt Solution I or 1.1 - 1.44 wherein the salt solution is administered concurrently or sequentially, in either order, with one or more additional therapeutic agents, e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for pulmonary edema,
  • fibromyalgia or multiple sclerosis.
  • Salt Solution I or 1.1-1.45 wherein the salt solution is for use in any of the methods described herein, e.g., for use in Method A, e.g., Method A.1-A.58, for use in Method B, e.g., Method B.1-B.41, e.g., for use in Method C, e.g., C.1-C.8, e.g., for use in Method D, e.g., D.1-D.19, e.g., for use in Method E, e.g., E.1-E.59, e.g., for use in Method F, e.g., F.1-F.5, e.g., for use in Method G, e.g., G.1-G.58, for use in Method H, e.g., H.1-H.9, vida infra.
  • Method A e.g., Method A.1-A.58
  • Method B e
  • a salt solution e.g., Salt Solution I, e.g., S a compound of Formula I
  • amine and/or a salt thereof e.g., morpholine, piperazine, benethamine, benzathine, trimethylglycine, hydrabamine, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine, l-2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine and/or lysine), a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO)nR 8 ] 3 N and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alky
  • Method II comprising admixing the compound of Formula I with a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, and/or [(HO) n R 8 ]3N and/or a salt thereof, wherein each R 8 is independently Ci- salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci- 8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each R
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 1 1 , e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., - CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate.
  • Method II or 2.1 -2.4 com rising admixing the compound of Formula I with and/or a salt thereof.
  • Method II or 2.1-2.6 wherein Formula II and the amine and/or salt thereof are admixed in at least a 1 :2 molar ratio, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1 :6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • each R 8 is independently Ci- salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CFhCFb, e.g., -CFb) and n is 0 or Ci- 8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., - C(CH 2 )3-, e.g., one R 8 is -CFb and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, are admixed in at least a 1 :2 molar ratio, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • each R 8 is independently Ci- salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci- 8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • a 1 :2 molar ratio e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • a 1 :2 molar ratio e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • a 1 :2 molar ratio e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • HO ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ OH and/or a salt thereof are admixed in at least a 1 :2 molar ratio, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8 to 1 : 10, 1 : 15, 1 :20, or 1 :30, e.g., at least about 1 :2.5 to 1 :5, 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8, 1 :9, 1 : 10, 1 : 15, 1 :20, or 1 :30, e.g., at least about 1 :2.5, e.g., at least about 1 :5, e.g. at least about 1 : 10.
  • the solvent is a sterile solution, e.g., sterile water for injection, a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), a sterile solution comprising benzyl alcohol (e.g., bacteriostatic water for injection with benzyl alcohol or bacteriostatic sodium chloride for injection with benzyl alcohol), or Lactated Ringer's.
  • a sterile solution e.g., sterile water for injection, a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), a sterile solution comprising benzyl alcohol (e.g., bacteriostatic water for injection with benzyl alcohol or bacteriostatic sodium chloride for injection with benzyl alcohol), or Lact
  • Method II or 2.1-2.13 wherein there is 0.5 to 500 mL of solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • solvent e.g., an aqueous solution, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50,
  • Method II or 2.1-2.14 wherein there is 0.5 to 500 mL of sterile solution, e.g., sterile water for injection, a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), a sterile solution comprising benzyl alcohol (e.g.,
  • bacteriostatic water for injection with benzyl alcohol or bacteriostatic sodium chloride for injection with benzyl alcohol), or Lactated Ringer's e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • Method II or 2.1 -2.15 wherein the solvent comprises sterile water for injection or a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9%> sodium chloride injection).
  • the solvent comprises sterile water for injection or a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9%> sodium chloride injection).
  • Method II or 2.1 -2.16 wherein the solvent comprises sterile water for injection.
  • Method II or 2.1 -2.17 wherein the solvent comprises 0.5 to 500 mL sterile water for injection, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • the solvent comprises 0.5 to 500 mL of a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • sodium chloride e.g. 0.9% sodium chloride injection
  • Method II or 2.1-2.20 wherein the concentration of the compound of Formula I is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1 , 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g. from about 1 to 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50 or 60 mM, e.g., from about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, or 50 to 100, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, or 1000 mM, e.g., about 2, 20, or 200 mM, e.g., about 5, 10, 50, 500, 500, or 1000 mM.
  • concentration of the compound of Formula I is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1 , 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60
  • the solvent e.g., an aqueous solution
  • the solvent comprises one or more bulking agents, e.g., one or more of maltose, mannose, ribose, cyclodextrin, mannitol, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose, raffmose, arginine, glycine, histidine, dextran (e.g., dextran 40), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol, e.g., one or more of mannitol, glucose, sucrose, lactose, trehalose, and dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • the solvent e.g., an aqueous solution
  • the solvent comprises one or more bulking agents, e.g., one or more of maltose, mannose, ribose, cyclodextrin, mannitol,
  • the solvent e.g., an aqueous solution
  • the solvent comprises 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g of one or more bulking agents, e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1 , 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g of one or more bulking agents.
  • Method II or 2.1-2.23 wherein the solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, comprises dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • Method II or 2.1-2.24 wherein the solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, comprises 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40), e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • the solvent e.g., an aqueous solution
  • the solvent comprises one or more solubilizing agents, e.g., ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof (e.g., calcium disodium EDTA, disodium EDTA, sodium EDTA), alpha cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl- -cyclodextrin, polysorbate 80, tert-butanol, isopropanol, dichloromethane, ethanol, acetone, and glycerol; one or more collapse temperature modifiers which may shift the overall collapse temperature higher, e.g., one or more of dextran, Ficoll ® , gelatin, and hydroxyethyl starch; one or more tonicity modifiers, e.g., one or more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sucrose, mannitol, and glucose; and one or more antimicrobial agents, e.
  • Method II or 2.1-2.26 wherein the pH of the salt solution is between pH 7 and pH 10.5, e.g., between pH 7 and pH 9.5, e.g., between pH 7 and pH 8, e.g., between 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., 7.5, e.g., 8.5, e.g., 8.2.
  • Method II or 2.1-2.27 further comprising filter the salt solution to remove particles and microbes, e.g., filtered prior to injection.
  • Method II or 2.1-2.28 further comprising admixing the salt Solution with one or more additional therapeutic agents, e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for cerebral edema, stroke, traumatic brain injury, glioma (e.g., glioblastoma), meningitis, acute mountain sickness, infection, metabolic disorder, hypoxia, water intoxication, hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, diabetic ketoacidosis, abscess, eclampsia, Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease, lupus cerebritis, optic nerve edema, hyponatremia, fluid retention, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, epilepsy, retinal ischemia or other diseases of the eye associated with abnormalities in intraocular pressure and/or tissue hydration, myocardial
  • additional therapeutic agents e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for cerebral edema, stroke, traumatic brain injury, glioma (e.g., glio
  • ischemia myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, myocardial hypoxia, congestive heart failure, sepsis, neuromyelitis optica, or migraines.
  • Method II or 2.1-2.29 further comprising admixing the salt solution with one or more additional therapeutic agents, e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for pulmonary edema, fibromyalgia, or multiple sclerosis.
  • additional therapeutic agents e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for pulmonary edema, fibromyalgia, or multiple sclerosis.
  • kit (Kit I) comprising 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate.
  • Kit I As follows:
  • kit I wherein the kit comprises 0.1 or 0.25 mg to 2.0 g 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate, e.g., from about 0.1 or 0.25 mg to 75 or 600 mg, e.g., from about 0.1 or 0.25 or 1 or 2 mg to 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, 350, 400, 500, or 600 mg, or 1 g, 1.5 g, or 2.0 g, e.g., from about 5 to 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, 350, 400, 500, or 600 mg, or 1 g, 1.5 g, or 2, e.g., from about 5 to 500 mg, e.g., from about 5 to 300 or 350 mg, e.g., from about 5 to 200 mg, e.g., from about 25 to 500 mg, e.g., from about 25 to 300 or 350 mg, e
  • kits comprises 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate in an amount sufficient to provide 0.1 or 0.25 mg to 2.0 g of N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide, e.g., from about 0.1 or 0.25 mg to 75 or 600 mg, e.g., from about 0.1 or 0.25 or 1 or 2 mg to 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, 350, 400, 500, or 600 mg, or 1 g, 1.5 g, or 2.0 g, e.g., from about 5 to 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, 350, 400, 500, or 600 mg, or 1 g, 1.5 g, or 2 g, e.g., from about 5 to 500 mg, e.g., from about 5 to 300 or 350 mg, e.g.,
  • Kit 1.2 wherein the one or more phannaceutically acceptable excipients comprise one or more of bases, bulking agents, solubilizing agents, collapse temperature modifiers, tonicity modifiers, and antimicrobial agents.
  • Kit 1.2 or 1.3 wherein the one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients comprise one or more bases, e.g., a base wherein upon dissolution of the composition in a solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, the solution has a pH between 7, 7.5, or 8 and 10.5, e.g., between about 7, 7.5, or 8 and 9.5, e.g., between about
  • a base wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, e.g., wherein the one or more bases are one or more of:
  • a Ci-8-alkyl mono-, di-, or tri- carboxylic acid salt e.g., a citrate salt, e.g, a metal citrate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate), e.g., a tartrate salt (e.g., a metal tartrate salt, an alkali tartrate, e.g., sodium tartrate), e.g., a succinate salt (e.g., a metal succinate salt, e.g., an alkali succinate, e.g., disodium succinate), and/or e.g., a lactate salt (e.g., a metal lactate salt, e.g., an alkali lactate, e.g., sodium lactate), b) a phosphate salt, e.g., a cit
  • an amine and/or a salt thereof e.g., morpholine, piperazine,
  • benzathine trimethylglycine, hydrabamine, 4-(2- hydroxyethyl)morpholine, l-2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine and/or lysine), a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 ,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is - CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (also known as tris base) and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate also known as tris acetate
  • meglumine dimethylethanolamine
  • diethylamine tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate
  • diethylethanolamine, and/or diethanolamine e.g., any of the preceding wherein a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9 between 6 and 11, e.g., between 6.5 and 10, e.g., between 7 and 9, a metal chloride salt (e.g., zinc chloride),
  • a metal chloride salt e.g., zinc chloride
  • an acetate salt e.g., a metal acetate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate),
  • a metal acetate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate
  • a hydroxide and/or alkoxide salt e.g., a metal hydroxide and/or alkoxide salt (e.g., a quarternary ammonium hydroxide, e.g., ammonium hydroxide and/or choline hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and/or magnesium ethoxide, e.g., sodium hydroxide),
  • a metal hydroxide and/or alkoxide salt e.g., a quarternary ammonium hydroxide, e.g., ammonium hydroxide and/or choline hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide,
  • a carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt e.g., a metal carbonate and/or metal bicarbonate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline carbonate salt, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., one or more of sodium citrate, Na 2 HP04, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate)
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • sodium citrate e.g., sodium citrate
  • Na 2 HP04 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris acetate
  • Kit 1.2-1 A wherein the one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients comprise one or more bases, e.g., a base wherein upon dissolution of the composition in a solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, the solution has a pH between 7, 7.5, or 8 and 10.5, e.g., between about 7, 7.5, or 8 and 9.5, e.g., between about 7 or 7.5 and 8, e.g., between about 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., about 7.5, e.g., about 8.5, e.g., between about 8 and 8.5, e.g., about 8.2, e.g., a base wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 1 1 , e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, e.g., wherein the one or more bases are one
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline phosphate salt, e.g., an alkali phosphate salt, e.g., sodium phosphate (e.g., NaH 2 P04 and/or Na 2 HP04) and/or potassium phosphate (e.g., KH2PO4 and/or
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH
  • a metal carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or
  • alkaline carbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • alkaline carbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., one or more of sodium citrate, Na 2 HP04, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate)
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • sodium citrate e.g., sodium citrate
  • Na 2 HP04 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris acetate
  • Kit 1.3-1.5 wherein the kit comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of one or more bases, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Kit 1.3-1.5 wherein the concentration of each of the one or more bases is 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • each of the one or more bases is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10.
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • Kit 1.3-1.8 wherein the one or more bases comprise a metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate).
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • Kit 1.9 wherein the kit comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate), e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • the metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • Kit 1.9 wherein the concentration of the metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate) is 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, of 1000 mM, e.g.
  • the concentration of the metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • the concentration of the metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • the concentration of the metal citrate salt is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10.
  • the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP0 4
  • Kit 1.12 wherein the kit comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na
  • Kit 1.12 wherein the concentration of the metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04), is 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • the concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • the concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • concentration of the metal phosphate salt is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10.
  • Kit 1.3-1.14 wherein the kit comprises Na 2 HP04.
  • Kit 1.15 wherein the kit comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg Na 2 HP04, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Kit 1.15 wherein the concentration of Na 2 HP04 is 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • Kit 1.18 wherein the kit comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ]3N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or C1-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Kit 1.18 wherein the concentration of the amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ]3N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently C i-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., - C(CH 2
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, is 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • each of the amine and/or a salt thereof e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO)
  • Ci-salkyl e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., - CH 3
  • n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene
  • Ci-6-alkylene e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 )3-
  • one R 8 is -CHs and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -
  • each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamme
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH2CH3, e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., C1-4- alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g.,
  • Kit 1.3-1.20 wherein the one or more bases comprise a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or C1-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 )6-) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamme).
  • Kit 1.21 wherein the kit comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 ,
  • Ci-salkyl e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., - CH3
  • n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene
  • Ci-6-alkylene e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 )3-
  • one R 8 is -CHs and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -
  • each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Kit 1.21 wherein the concentration of the mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., C1-4- alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g.
  • I l l tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (also known as tris base) and/or a salt thereof (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine) is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula II, e.g., about 2.5 or 5 to 10, e.g.
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., C1-4- alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 )3-, e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 )6-) and each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., C1-4- alky
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2 )3- e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 )6-) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine).
  • Kit 1.24 wherein the kit comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., - CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 )3- e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Kit 1.24 wherein the concentration of (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO)nR 8 ] 3 N, and/or salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., C1-6- alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 -, e.g., one R 8 is - CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • Formula II is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula II, e.g., about 2.5 or 5 to 10, e.g.
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., C1-4- alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., C1-4- alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane e.g., meglumine.
  • Kit 1.27 wherein the kit comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg
  • kits comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg meglumine, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg and/or wherein the kit comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg meglumine, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Kit 1.27 wherein the concentration of a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate) is 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate
  • concentration of a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt is 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate.
  • Kit 1.30 wherein the composition comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate), e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate), e.g., 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Kit 1.30 wherein the concentration of the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate) is 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula II, e.g., about 2.5 or 5 to 10, e.g. about 2.5, e.g., about 5, e.g., wherein the concentration of the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate) is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10.
  • Kit 1.3-1.33 wherein the one or more bases comprise a base, e.g., an amine and/or a salt thereof, wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • a base e.g., an amine and/or a salt thereof
  • a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • Kit 1.34 wherein the kit comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the base, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Kit 1.34 wherein the concentration of the base is 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • Kit 1.3-1.35 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3 ,5 - bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to the one or more bases is at least 1:1.
  • Kit 1.3-1.36 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3 ,5 - bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to the one or more bases is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1 :6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • Kit 1.37 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to a metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate) is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • Kit 1.37 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to a metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04) is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g.
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • Kit 1.37 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to the amine and/or salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, amino acid (e.g., arginine), mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 ,
  • the amine and/or salt thereof e.g., morpholine, amino acid (e.g., arginine), mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 ,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8 to 1 : 10, 1 :15, 1 :20, or 1 :30, e.g., at least about 1 :2.5 to 1 :5, 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8, 1 :9, 1
  • Kit 1.40 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to the mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ]3N, and/or salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2 )3- e.g.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • Kit 1.41 wherein the molar ratio of2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., - CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 )3- e.g., one R 8 is -CHs and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -)
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • Kit 1.42 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is at least 1:2, e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • Kit 1.42 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate) is at least 1:2, e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • Kit 1.37 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to a base, e.g., an amine and/or a salt thereof, wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8 to 1 : 10, 1 : 15, 1 :20, or 1 :30, e.g., at least about 1 :2.5 to 1 :5, 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8, 1 :9, 1 : 10, 1 : 15, 1 :20
  • Kit 1.2-1.45 wherein the kit comprises one or more bulking agents which may provide an adequate structure to the lyophilized cake, e.g., one or more of mannitol, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose, raffmose, arginine, glycine, histidine, dextran (e.g., dextran 40), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol, e.g., one or more of mannitol, glucose, sucrose, lactose, trehalose, and dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • Kit 1.46 wherein the kit comprises 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g of one or more bulking agents, e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g of one or more bulking agents.
  • Kit 1.2-1.247 wherein the kit comprises dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • dextran e.g., dextran 40
  • Kit 1.48 wherein the kit comprises 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40), e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • dextran e.g., dextran 40
  • the kit comprises 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40), e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • Kit 1.2-1.49 wherein the composition comprises one or more solubilizing agents, e.g., ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof (e.g., calcium disodium EDTA, disodium EDTA, sodium EDTA), alpha cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl- -cyclodextrin, polysorbate 80, tert-butanol, isopropanol, dichloromethane, ethanol, acetone, and glycerol; one or more collapse
  • solubilizing agents e.g., ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof (e.g., calcium disodium EDTA, disodium EDTA, sodium EDTA), alpha cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl- -cyclodextrin, polysorbate 80, tert-butanol, isopropanol, dichloromethane,
  • temperature modifiers which may shift the overall collapse temperature higher, e.g., one or more of dextran, Ficoll ® , gelatin, and hydroxyethyl starch; one or more tonicity modifiers, e.g., one or more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sucrose, mannitol, glucose, and lactose; and one or more antimicrobial agents, e.g., one or more of benzyl alcohol, phenol, 2-phenoxyethanol, m-cresol, chlorobutanol, parabens (e.g., methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben), benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, myristyl gamma-picolinium salt (e.g., myristyl gamma-picolinium chloride), and organomercury compounds and salts (e.g., phenyl mercuric acetate, phenyl
  • Kit 1.2-1.50 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and the one pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are in the same container or in one or more different containers.
  • Kit 1.51 wherein the one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients comprise one or more bases, e.g., a base wherein upon dissolution of the composition in a solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, e.g., an aqueous solution, the solution has a pH between 7, 7.5, or 8 and 10.5, e.g., between about 7, 7.5, or 8 and 9.5, e.g., between about 7 or 7.5 and 8, e.g., between about 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., about 7.5, e.g., about 8.5, e.g., between about 8 and 8.5, e.g., about 8.2, e.g., a base wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, e.g.,
  • an amine and/or a salt thereof e.g., morpholine, piperazine,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate also known as tris acetate
  • meglumine dimethylethanolamine
  • diethylamine tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate
  • diethylethanolamine, and/or diethanolamine e.g., any of the preceding wherein a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, d) a metal chloride salt (e.g., zinc chloride),
  • a metal chloride salt e.g., zinc chloride
  • an acetate salt e.g,. a metal acetate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate),
  • a metal acetate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate
  • a hydroxide and/or alkoxide salt e.g., a metal hydroxide and/or
  • alkoxdie salt e.g., a quarternary ammonium hydroxide, e.g., ammonium hydroxide and/or choline hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and/or magnesium ethoxide, e.g., sodium hydroxide),
  • a quarternary ammonium hydroxide e.g., ammonium hydroxide and/or choline hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and/or magnesium ethoxide, e.g., sodium hydroxide
  • an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt e
  • a carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt e.g., a metal carbonate and/or metal bicarbonate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline carbonate salt, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate), and/or
  • a metal carbonate and/or metal bicarbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline carbonate salt, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • sodium citrate, Na2HPC tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris acetate
  • sodium citrate, Na2HPC"4 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane e.g., one or more of sodium citrate and Na 2 HP0 4 , e.g., Na 2 HP0 4 , e.g.,
  • Kit 1.51 or 1.52 wherein the one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients comprise one or more bases, e.g., a base wherein upon dissolution of the composition in a solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, the solution has a pH between 7, 7.5, or 8 and 10.5, e.g., between about 7, 7.5, or 8 and 9.5, e.g., between about 7 or 7.5 and 8, e.g., between about 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., about 7.5, e.g., about 8.5, e.g., between about 8 and 8.5, e.g., about 8.2, e.g., a base wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, e.g., wherein the one or more bases are one or
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline phosphate salt, e.g., an alkali phosphate salt, e.g., sodium phosphate (e.g., NaH 2 P0 4 and/or Na 2 HP0 4 ) and/or potassium phosphate (e.g., KH 2 P0 4 and/or K 2 HP0 4 )
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, d) a metal acetate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate), e) a metal hydroxide salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide,
  • a metal acetate salt e.g.
  • a metal carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or
  • alkaline carbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • alkaline carbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., one or more of sodium citrate, Na 2 HP04, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate)
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • sodium citrate e.g., sodium citrate
  • Na 2 HP04 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris acetate
  • Kit 1.52 or 1.53 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and one or more of a metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate) and a metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g.,
  • Na 2 HP04 are in the same container or in one or more different containers.
  • Kit 1.54 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and the metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate) are in the same container or in different containers.
  • the metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • Kit 1.54 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and the metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04) are in the same container or in different containers.
  • the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • Kit 1.52 or 1.53 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and one or more of an amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ]3N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, are in the same container or in different containers.
  • Kit 1.57 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and one or more of a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate also known as tris acetate
  • meglumine and/or diethanolamine
  • Kit 1.58 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and one or more of (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (also known as tris base) and/or a salt thereof (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (also known as tris base) and/or a salt thereof
  • Kit 1.59 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane are in the same container or in different containers.
  • Kit 1.59 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate are in the same container or in different containers.
  • Kit 1.53 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and a base, e.g., an amine and/or a salt thereof, wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, are in the same container or in different containers.
  • a base e.g., an amine and/or a salt thereof
  • a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, are in the same container or in different containers.
  • Kit 1.51-1.62 wherein the kit comprises one or more bulking agents, e.g., one or more of mannitol, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose, raffmose, arginine, glycine, histidine, dextran (e.g., dextran 40), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol, e.g., one or more of mannitol, glucose, sucrose, lactose, trehalose, and dextran (e.g., dextran 40), wherein the one or more bulking agents are in the same container as 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate or any other component of the kit or in one or more different containers.
  • the one or more bulking agents are in the same container as 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(triflu
  • Kit 1.63 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and dextran (e.g., dextran 40) are in the same container or in different containers.
  • Kit 1.51-1.64 wherein the kit comprises one or more solubilizing agents, e.g., ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof (e.g., calcium disodium EDTA, disodium EDTA, sodium EDTA), alpha cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl- ⁇ - cyclodextrin, polysorbate 80, tert-butanol, isopropanol, dichloromethane, ethanol, acetone, and glycerol; one or more collapse temperature modifiers, e.g., one or more of dextran, Ficoll ® , gelatin, and hydroxyethyl starch; one or more tonicity modifiers, e.g., one or more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sucrose, mannitol, glucose, and lactose; and one or more antimicrobial agents, e.g., one or more of benzyl alcohol, phenol,
  • Kit 1.2-1.68 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and the one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are lyophilized.
  • Kit I or 1.1-1.69 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is suitable for constitution, or reconstitution if lyophilized, with a solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, into a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid (e.g., a solution or suspension, e.g., a solution).
  • a solvent e.g., an aqueous solution
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid e.g., a solution or suspension, e.g., a solution.
  • Kit I or 1.1-1.70 wherein the kit comprises a solvent, e.g., a sterile solution, e.g., sterile water for injection, a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), a sterile solution comprising benzyl alcohol (e.g., bacteriostatic water for injection with benzyl alcohol or bacteriostatic sodium chloride for injection with benzyl alcohol), or Lactated Ringer's.
  • a solvent e.g., a sterile solution, e.g., sterile water for injection, a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), a sterile solution comprising benzyl alcohol (e.g., bacterio
  • Kit I or 1.1-1.71 wherein the kit comprises 0.5 to 500 mL solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • solvent e.g., an aqueous solution, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50
  • Kit I or 1.1 - 1.72 wherein the kit comprises 0.5 to 500 mL sterile solution, e.g., sterile water for injection, a sterile solution comprising dextrose (e.g., dextrose injection 5%), a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection), a sterile solution comprising benzyl alcohol (e.g.,
  • bacteriostatic water for injection with benzyl alcohol or bacteriostatic sodium chloride for injection with benzyl alcohol), or Lactated Ringer's e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • Kit I or 1.1 - 1.73 wherein the kit comprises sterile water for injection or a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9%> sodium chloride injection).
  • Kit 1.74 wherein the kit comprises 0.5 to 500 mL sterile water for injection, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • Kit I or 1.1 - 1.75 wherein the kit comprises sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9%> sodium chloride injection).
  • Kit 1.76 wherein the kit comprises 0.5 to 500 mL of a sterile solution comprising sodium chloride (e.g., 0.9%> sodium chloride injection), e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300 or 500 mL, e.g., from about 1 or 2 mL to 5, 10, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mL, e.g., from about 3.5 or 5 to 10, 25, 50, or 100 mL, e.g., about 3.5 or 35 mL.
  • sodium chloride e.g. 0.9%> sodium chloride injection
  • Kit 1.71-1.77 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises one or more bases, e.g., a base wherein upon dissolution of the composition in a solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, the solution has a pH between 7, 7.5, or 8 and 10.5, e.g., between about 7, 7.5, or 8 and 9.5, e.g., between about 7 or 7.5 and 8, e.g., between about 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., about 7.5, e.g., about 8.5, e.g., between about 8 and 8.5, e.g., about 8.2, e.g., a base wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, e.g., wherein the one or more
  • a Ci-8-alkyl mono-, di-, or tri- carboxylic acid salt e.g., a citrate salt, e.g, a metal citrate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate), e.g., a tartrate salt (e.g., a metal tartrate salt, an alkali tartrate, e.g., sodium tartrate), e.g., a succinate salt (e.g., a metal succinate salt, e.g., an alkali succinate, e.g., disodium succinate), and/or e.g., a lactate salt (e.g., a metal lactate salt, e.g., an alkali lactate, e.g., sodium lactate), b) a phosphate salt, e.g., a cit
  • an amine and/or a salt thereof e.g., morpholine, piperazine,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate also known as tris acetate
  • meglumine dimethylethanolamine
  • diethylamine tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate
  • diethylethanolamine, and/or diethanolamine e.g., any of the preceding wherein a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, d) a metal chloride salt (e.g., zinc chloride),
  • a metal chloride salt e.g., zinc chloride
  • an acetate salt e.g., a metal acetate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate),
  • a metal acetate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate
  • a hydroxide and/or alkoxide salt e.g., a metal hydroxide and/or
  • alkoxide salt e.g., a quarternary ammonium hydroxide, e.g., ammonium hydroxide and/or choline hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and/or magnesium ethoxide, e.g., sodium hydroxide),
  • a quarternary ammonium hydroxide e.g., ammonium hydroxide and/or choline hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and/or magnesium ethoxide, e.g., sodium hydroxide
  • an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt e.
  • a carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt e.g., a metal carbonate and/or metal bicarbonate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline carbonate salt, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate), and/or
  • a metal carbonate and/or metal bicarbonate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline carbonate salt, e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline bicarbonate salt, e.g., sodium bicarbonate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., one or more of sodium citrate, Na 2 HP04, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate)
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • sodium citrate e.g., sodium citrate
  • Na 2 HP04 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris acetate
  • Kit 1.71-1.78 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises one or more pharmaceutically acceptable bases, e.g., one or more bases wherein upon dissolution of the composition in a solvent the solution has a pH between 7, 7.5, or 8 and 10.5, e.g., between about 7, 7.5, or 8 and 9.5, e.g., between about 7 or 7.5 and 8, e.g., between about 7.5 and 8.5, e.g., about 7.5, e.g., about 8.5, e.g., between about 8 and 8.5, e.g., about 8.2, e.g., a base wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, e.g., wherein the one or more base are one or more of:
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline phosphate salt, e.g., an alkali phosphate salt, e.g., sodium phosphate (e.g., NaH 2 P0 4 and/or Na 2 HP0 4 ) and/or potassium phosphate (e.g., KH 2 P0 4 and/or K 2 HP0 4 )
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an alkali citrate salt, e.g., sodium citrate and/or potassium citrate
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline citrate salt, e.g., an
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, d) a metal acetate salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline acetate salt, e.g., an alkali acetate salt, e.g., sodium acetate and/or potassium acetate), e) a metal hydroxide salt (e.g., an alkali and/or alkaline hydroxide salt, e.g., sodium hydroxide,
  • a metal acetate salt e.g.
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • a metal borate salt e.g., one or more of sodium citrate, Na 2 HP04, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris acetate)
  • a metal borate salt e.g., an alkali borate salt, e.g., sodium borate
  • sodium citrate e.g., sodium citrate
  • Na 2 HP04 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
  • a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt e.g., tris acetate
  • Kit 1.78 or 1.79 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the base, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the base, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Kit 1.78 or 1.79 wherein the concentration of each of the one or more bases is 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • each of the one or more bases is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10.
  • Kit 1.78-1.81 wherein the solvent, e.g. the sterile solution, comprises one or more of a metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate) and a metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04).
  • Kit 1.1.78-1.82 wherein the solvent, e.g. the sterile solution, comprises a metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate).
  • Kit 1.83 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 mg or 500 mg of the metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate), e.g., from about 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • the metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • Kit 1.83 wherein the concentration of the metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate) is from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • the concentration of the metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • concentration of the metal citrate salt is from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • the concentration of the metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • the concentration of the metal citrate salt is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10.
  • Kit 1.78-1.85 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises a metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04).
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04.
  • Kit 1.86 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 mg or 500 mg of the metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g.,
  • Na 2 HP04 e.g., from about 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Kit 1.86 wherein the concentration of the metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04), is from 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • the concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • each of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • concentration of each of the metal phosphate salt is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula II, e.g., about 2.5 or 5 to 10, e.g.
  • the concentration of the metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • concentration of the metal phosphate salt is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10.
  • Kit 1.78-1.88 wherein the wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises Na 2 HP0 4 .
  • Kit 1.89 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg Na 2 HP0 4 , e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg Na 2 HP0 4 , e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Kit 1.89 wherein the concentration of Na 2 HP04 is 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises an amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 ,
  • Ci-salkyl e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., - CH 3
  • n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene
  • Ci-6-alkylene e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 -, e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -
  • each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • Kit 1.92 wherein the wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., C i-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., C i-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4- alkylene, e
  • Kit 1.92 wherein the concentration of the amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ]3N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8- alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., - C(CH 2 )
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, is 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • mM from about 1 to 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50 or 60 mM, e.g., from about 5 to 50 mM, e.g., from about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, or 50 to 100, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, or 1000 mM, e.g., about 2, 20, or 200 mM, e.g., about 5, 10, 50, 500, 500, or 1000 mM, e.g., from about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, or 50 to 100, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, or 1000 mM, e.g., about 2, 20, or 200 mM, e.g., about 5, 10, 50, 500, 500, or 1000 mM, e.g., wherein the concentration of the amine and/or a salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, an amino acid a (e.g., arginine), a mono- and/or poly- hydroxyalkylamine, and/or a salt thereof, e.g.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • Formula II is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula II, e.g., about 2.5 or 5 to 10, e.g.
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH 2 CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., C1-4- alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g.,
  • Kit 1.78-1.94 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises a mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine and/or a salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 ,
  • Ci-salkyl e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CFhCFb, e.g., - CH3 and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH 2 -CH 2 - e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine).
  • Kit 1.95 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO)nR 8 NH 2 , [(HO)nR 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CFhCFb, e.g., - CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH 2 -CH 2 - e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamme
  • e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Kit 1.95 wherein the concentration of the mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or a salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4- alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 CH 3 , e.g., -CH 3 ) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH 3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamme
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., C1-4- alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 -, e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each
  • Kit 1.78-1.97 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., - CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 )3- e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine).
  • Kit 1.98 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., - CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., C1-4- alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 -, e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 )6-) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (also known as tris base) and/or a salt thereof (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., C1-6- alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 ) 3 -, e.g., one R 8 is - CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 )6-) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., C1-6- alky
  • Kit 1.78- 1.100 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises
  • Kit 1.101 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800
  • Kit 1.101 wherein the concentration of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10.
  • Kit 1.78- 1.103 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt, e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt, e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate.
  • Kit 1.104 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, or 500 mg tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate), e.g., 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Kit 1.105 wherein the concentration of the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate) is 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula II, e.g., about 2.5 or 5 to 10, e.g. about 2.5, e.g., about 5, e.g., wherein the concentration of the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate) is 2 or 3 to 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20 equivalents of Formula III, e.g., about 5 to 10, e.g. about 5, e.g., about 10.
  • Kit 1.78-1.106 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises a base, e.g., an amine and/or a salt thereof, wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • a base e.g., an amine and/or a salt thereof
  • a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9.
  • Kit 1.107 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the base, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises 1 or 5 mg to 200 or 500 mg of the base, e.g., from about 1 or 5 or 10 mg to 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg, e.g., from about 15, 20, 30, 50, or 100 to 200, 250, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, or 1500 mg.
  • Kit 1.107 wherein the concentration of the base is 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 to 250 mM, e.g., from about 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.5 to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, or 1000 mM, e.g.
  • Kit 1.78-1.109 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to the one or more bases is at least 1:1.
  • Kit 1.78-1.110 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to the one or more bases is at least 1 :2, e e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • Kit 1.111 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to a metal citrate salt (e.g., sodium citrate) is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • a metal citrate salt e.g., sodium citrate
  • Kit 1.111 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to a metal phosphate salt (e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04) is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • a metal phosphate salt e.g., sodium phosphate, e.g., Na 2 HP04
  • Kit 1.111 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to the amine and/or salt thereof (e.g., morpholine, amino acid (e.g., arginine), mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 ,
  • the amine and/or salt thereof e.g., morpholine, amino acid (e.g., arginine), mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine, and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 ,
  • each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2 ) 3 - e.g., one R 8 is -CH3 and another R 8 is -(CH 2 ) 6 -) and each n is independently 1-8 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, or 6), e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • a conjugate acid of the amine and/or salt thereof has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, or 1 :5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g.
  • Kit 1.114 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to the mono- and/or poly-hydroxyalkylamine and/or salt thereof, e.g., (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ]3N, and/or salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., -CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., -CH2-CH2-, e.g., - C(CH 2 )3- e.g
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • Kit 1.115 wherein the molar ratio of2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to (HO) n R 8 NH 2 , [(HO) n R 8 ] 2 NH, [(HO) n R 8 ] 3 N, and/or salt thereof wherein each R 8 is independently Ci-salkyl (e.g., Ci-6-alkyl, e.g., Ci-4-alkyl, e.g., -CH2CH3, e.g., - CH3) and n is 0 or Ci-8-alkylene (e.g., Ci-6-alkylene, e.g., Ci-4-alkylene, e.g., - CH2-CH2-, e.g., -C(CH 2 )3- e.g., one R 8 is -CHs and another R 8 is -(CH 2 )
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane also known as tris base
  • a salt thereof e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (also known as tris acetate), meglumine, and/or diethanolamine
  • Kit 1.116 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3, 5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is at least 1:2, e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:10.
  • Kit 1.116 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3, 5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt (e.g.,
  • tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate) is at least 1:2, e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5 to 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1:2.5, e.g., at least about 1:5, e.g. at least about 1:10.
  • Kit 1.111 wherein the molar ratio of 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to a base, e.g., an amine and/or a salt thereof, wherein a conjugate acid of the base has a pKa between 6, 7 , 8, 9, or 10 and 11, e.g., between about 6, 7, 8, or 9 and 10, e.g., between about 7 and 9, e.g., between about 8 and 9, is at least 1 :2, e.g., at least about 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 to 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or 1:30, e.g., at least about 1 :2.5 to 1 :5, 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8, 1 :9, 1 : 10, 1 : 15, 1 :20, or 1 :30, e.g., at least
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises one or more bulking agents, e.g., one or more of maltose, mannose, ribose, cyclodextrin, mannitol, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose, raffmose, arginine, glycine, histidine, dextran (e.g., dextran 40), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol, e.g., one or more of mannitol, glucose, sucrose, lactose, trehalose, and dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • the solvent e.g., the sterile solution
  • the solvent comprises one or more bulking agents, e.g., one or more of maltose, mannose, ribose, cyclodextrin, mannitol, lacto
  • Kit 1.71-1.120 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g of one or more bulking agents, e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g of one or more bulking agents.
  • Kit 1.71-1.121 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • Kit 1.122 wherein the solvent, e.g. the sterile solution, comprises 5 or 10 or 50 mg to 2 or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40), e.g., from about 50 or 100 mg to 200, 300, 500, or 800 mg, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 5 g dextran (e.g., dextran 40).
  • dextran e.g., dextran 40
  • Kit 1.71-1.123 wherein the solvent, e.g., the sterile solution, comprises one or more solubilizing agents, e.g., ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof (e.g., calcium disodium EDTA, disodium EDTA, sodium EDTA), alpha cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl- -cyclodextrin, polysorbate 80, tert-butanol, isopropanol, dichloromethane, ethanol, acetone, and glycerol; one or more collapse temperature modifiers which may shift the overall collapse temperature higher, e.g., one or more of dextran, Ficoll ® , gelatin, and hydroxyethyl starch; one or more tonicity modifiers, e.g., one or more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sucrose, mannitol, and glucose; and one or more antimicrobial agents, e.g
  • Kit 1.71-1.124 wherein 2- ⁇ [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate is admixed with the solvent, e.g., an aqueous solution, to form a solution wherein the pH is between pH 7 and pH 10.5, e.g., between pH 7 and pH 9.5, e.g., between pH 7 and pH 8.
  • Kit 1.71-1.125 wherein the solution is filtered to remove particles and microbes, e.g., filtered prior to injection.
  • Kit 1.71-1.126 wherein the solution is administered about 24 hours, 12 hours, 10 hours, 8 hours, 2 hours, 1 hour, 30 minutes, 20 minutes, 15 minutes, 10 minutes, 5 minutes, 3 minutes, 2 minutes or 1 minute or less after admixture.
  • Kit I or 1.1 - 1.127 wherein the kit comprises one or more additional therapeutic agents, e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for cerebral edema, stroke, traumatic brain injury, glioma (e.g., glioblastoma), meningitis, acute mountain sickness, infection, metabolic disorder, hypoxia, water intoxication, hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, diabetic ketoacidosis, abscess, eclampsia, Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease, lupus cerebritis, optic nerve edema, hyponatremia, fluid retention, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, epilepsy, retinal ischemia or other diseases of the eye associated with abnormalities in intraocular pressure and/or tissue hydration, myocardial ischemia, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, myocardial hypoxia, congestive heart failure, sepsis, neuromyelitis optica
  • Kit I or 1.1-1.128 wherein the kit comprises one or more additional therapeutic agents, e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for pulmonary edema, fibromyalgia, or multiple sclerosis.
  • additional therapeutic agents e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents for pulmonary edema, fibromyalgia, or multiple sclerosis.
  • Kit I or 1.1-1.129 wherein the kit comprises instructions for using 2- ⁇ [3 ,5 - bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to treat or control a disease or condition mediated by an aquaporin, e.g., diseases or conditions of water imbalance and other diseases, for example, edema of the brain or spinal cord, e.g., cerebral edema, e.g.
  • an aquaporin e.g., diseases or conditions of water imbalance and other diseases, for example, edema of the brain or spinal cord, e.g., cerebral edema, e.g.
  • cerebral edema consequent to head trauma, ischemic stroke, glioma, meningitis, acute mountain sickness, epileptic seizure, infection, metabolic disorder, hypoxia (including general systemic hypoxia and hypoxia due to cardiac arrest), water intoxication, hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, diabetic ketoacidosis, abscess, eclampsia, Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease, lupus cerebritis, cardiac arrest, microgravity and/or radiation exposure, or an invasive central nervous system procedure, e.g., neurosurgery, endovascular clot removal, spinal tap, aneurysm repair, or deep brain stimulation or, e.g., spinal cord edema consequent to spinal cord trauma, e.g., spinal cord compression; or optic nerve edema, e.g., optic nerve edema consequent to microgravity and/or radiation exposure; or retinal edema; or hyponatremia or excessive fluid retention,
  • abnormalities in intraocular pressure and/or tissue hydration myocardial ischemia, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, myocardial hypoxia, congestive heart failure, sepsis, neuromyelitis optica, or glioblastoma; or migraines.
  • Kit I or 1.1 -1.130 wherem the kit comprises instructions for using 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to treat or control a disease or condition mediated by an aquaporin, e.g., diseases or conditions of water imbalance and other diseases, for example, pulmonary edema, fibromyalgia, or multiple sclerosis.
  • an aquaporin e.g., diseases or conditions of water imbalance and other diseases, for example, pulmonary edema, fibromyalgia, or multiple sclerosis.
  • Kit 1 or .1 - 1.131 wherein the kit comprises instructions for administering 2- ⁇ [3 ,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to a patient in need thereof.
  • Kit I or 1.1-1.132 wherein the kit comprises instructions for mixing 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • Kit I wherein the kit comprises a pharmaceutical composition comprising 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate, e.g., Composition I, e.g., a composition of 1.1-1.73.
  • Kit 1.134 wherein the kit comprises instructions for using the pharniaceutical composition to treat or control a disease or condition mediated by an aquaporin, e.g., diseases or conditions of water imbalance and other diseases, for example, edema of the brain or spinal cord, e.g., cerebral edema, e.g.
  • an aquaporin e.g., diseases or conditions of water imbalance and other diseases, for example, edema of the brain or spinal cord, e.g., cerebral edema, e.g.
  • cerebral edema consequent to head trauma, ischemic stroke, glioma, meningitis, acute mountain sickness, epileptic seizure, infection, metabolic disorder, hypoxia (including general systemic hypoxia and hypoxia due to cardiac arrest), water intoxication, hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, diabetic ketoacidosis, abscess, eclampsia, Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease, lupus cerebritis, cardiac arrest, microgravity and/or radiation exposure, or an invasive central nervous system procedure, e.g., neurosurgery, endovascular clot removal, spinal tap, aneurysm repair, or deep brain stimulation or, e.g., spinal cord edema consequent to spinal cord trauma, e.g., spinal cord compression; or optic nerve edema, e.g., optic nerve edema consequent to microgravity and/or radiation exposure; or retinal edema; or hyponatremia or excessive fluid retention,
  • Kit 1.134 wherein the kit comprises instructions for using the pharniaceutical composition to treat or control a disease or condition mediated by an aquaporin, e.g., diseases or conditions of water imbalance and other diseases, for example, pulmonary edema, fibromyalgia, or multiple sclerosis.
  • an aquaporin e.g., diseases or conditions of water imbalance and other diseases, for example, pulmonary edema, fibromyalgia, or multiple sclerosis.
  • Kit 1.134 wherein the kit comprises instructions for administering the
  • Kit 1.134 wherein the kit comprises instructions for preparing the pharmaceutical composition.
  • Kit I or 1.1-1.138 wherein the kit is for use in any of the methods described herein, e.g., for use in Method A, e.g., Method A.1-A.58, for use in Method B, e.g., Method B.1-B.41, e.g., for use in Method C, e.g., C.1-C.8, e.g., for use in Method D, e.g., D.1-D.19, e.g., for use in Method E, e.g., E.1-E.59, e.g., for use in Method F, e.g., F.1-F.5, e.g., for use in Method G, e.g., G.1-G.58, e.g., for use in Method H., e.g., H.1-H.9, vida infra.
  • Method A e.g., Method A.1-A.58
  • the kit is prepared by transferring a liquid comprising 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate to a container, e.g., a vial, in a predetermined volume first and then subjecting the liquid to a lyophilization process.
  • a container e.g., a vial
  • liquid can be lyophilized in a large volume and then a predetermined amount of the lyophilized preparation can be placed in a container.
  • a method (Method A) of treating or controlling a disease or condition mediated by an aquaporin comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising 2- ⁇ [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate, e.g., Composition
  • A.2 Method A or A.l wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is edema, e.g. edema of the brain or spinal cord, e.g., cerebral edema, e.g. cerebral edema consequent to head trauma, ischemic stroke, glioma, meningitis, acute mountain sickness, epileptic seizure, infection, metabolic disorder, water intoxication, hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, or diabetic ketoacidosis or, e.g., spinal cord edema, e.g., spinal cord edema consequent to spinal cord trauma, e.g., spinal cord compression.
  • A.3 Method A, A.1 , or A.2 further comprising a treatment selected from one or more of the following: optimal head and neck positioning to facilitate venous outflow, e.g. head elevation 30°; avoidance of dehydration; systemic hypotension;
  • hypothermia maintenance of normothermia or hypothermia; aggressive measures; osmotherapy, e.g., using mannitol or hypertonic saline; hyperventilation;
  • A.4 Method A.2 wherein the patient is at elevated risk of cerebral edema, e.g., due to head trauma, ischemic stroke, glioma, meningitis, acute mountain sickness, epileptic seizure, infection, metabolic disorder, water intoxication, hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, or diabetic ketoacidosis.
  • cerebral edema e.g., due to head trauma, ischemic stroke, glioma, meningitis, acute mountain sickness, epileptic seizure, infection, metabolic disorder, water intoxication, hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, or diabetic ketoacidosis.
  • Method A.5 wherein the patient has suffered a stroke, head injury or spinal injury within 12 hours, e.g. within 6 hours, preferably within 3 hours of commencing treatment.
  • Method A or A.1 -A.4 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is cerebral edema consequent to glioma.
  • A.17 Method A or A.1 -A.4 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is cerebral edema consequent to acute mountain sickness.
  • A.18 Method A or A.1 -A.4 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is cerebral edema consequent to water intoxication.
  • A.19 Method A or A.1 -A.4 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is cerebral edema consequent to hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, or diabetic ketoacidosis.
  • A.23 Method A or A.1-A.3 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is cerebral edema consequent to lupus cerebritis.
  • A.24 Method A or A.1-A.3 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is edema consequent to hypoxia e.g., general systemic hypoxia, e.g., hypoxia caused by an interruption of blood perfusion, for example wherein the edema is cerebral edema consequent to hypoxia caused by cardiac arrest, stroke, or other interruption of blood perfusion to the brain, or wherein the edema is cardiac edema consequent to cardiac ischemia or other interruption of blood flow to the heart.
  • hypoxia e.g., general systemic hypoxia, e.g., hypoxia caused by an interruption of blood perfusion
  • the edema is cerebral edema consequent to hypoxia caused by cardiac arrest, stroke, or other interruption of blood perfusion to the brain
  • the edema is cardiac edema consequent to cardiac ischemia or other interruption of blood flow to the heart.
  • A.25 Method A or A.1-A.3 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is cerebral edema consequent to microgravity and/or radiation exposure, e.g., exposure from space flight or from working with radioactive materials or from working in radioactive areas.
  • A.26 Method A or A.1-A.3 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is cerebral edema consequent to an invasive central nervous system procedure, e.g., neurosurgery, endovascular clot removal, spinal tap, aneurysm repair, or deep brain stimulation.
  • an invasive central nervous system procedure e.g., neurosurgery, endovascular clot removal, spinal tap, aneurysm repair, or deep brain stimulation.
  • Method A.25 or A.26 wherein the patient is at elevated risk of edema, e.g., due to microgravity and/or radiation exposure, neurosurgery, endovascular clot removal, spinal tap, aneurysm repair, or deep brain stimulation.
  • edema e.g., due to microgravity and/or radiation exposure, neurosurgery, endovascular clot removal, spinal tap, aneurysm repair, or deep brain stimulation.
  • A.31 Method A, A.1 , or A.2 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is spinal cord edema, e.g., spinal cord edema consequent to a spinal cord trauma, e.g., spinal cord compression.
  • spinal cord edema e.g., spinal cord edema consequent to a spinal cord trauma, e.g., spinal cord compression.
  • optic nerve edema e.g., optic nerve edema consequent to microgravity and/or radiation exposure, e.g., exposure from space flight or from working with radioactive materials or from working in radioactive areas.
  • A.36 Method A or A.1 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is epilepsy.
  • A.37 Method A or A.1 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is retinal
  • ischemia or other diseases of the eye associated with abnormalities in intraocular pressure and/or tissue hydration.
  • Method A or A.1 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
  • A.42 Method A or A.1 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is congestive heart failure.
  • A.43 Method A or A.1 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is sepsis.
  • A.44 Method A or A.1 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is a migraine.
  • A.45 Method A or A.1 wherein the condition to be treated or controlled is
  • hyponatremia or excessive fluid retention e.g., consequent to heart failure (HF), for example congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic disorder, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), or infertility treatment.
  • HF heart failure
  • SIADH syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
  • Method A, A.49, or A.50 further comprising one or more of restriction of dietary sodium, fluid and/or alcohol; and/or administration of one or more diuretics, vasopressin receptor antagonists, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, aldosterone inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta- adrenergic antagonists (beta-blockers), and/or digoxin.
  • ACE angiotensin converting enzyme
  • ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers
  • beta-blockers beta- adrenergic antagonists
  • injection e.g., subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, or intrathecally, e.g., a bolus injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, or intrathecally.
  • Method A.55 wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered intravenously, e.g., IV bolus and/or IV infusion, e.g., IV bolus followed by IV infusion.
  • edema e.g. edema of the brain or spinal cord
  • cerebral edema e.g. cerebral edema consequent to head trauma, ischemic stroke, glioma, meningitis, acute mountain sickness, epileptic seizure, infection, metabolic disorder, hypoxia, water intoxication, hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, diabetic ketoacidosis, abscess, eclampsia, Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease, lupus cerebritis, cardiac arrest, microgravity and/or radiation exposure, or invasive central nervous system procedures, e.g., neurosurgery, endovascular clot removal, spinal tap, aneurysm repair, or deep brain stimulation or, e.g., optic nerve edema, e.g., optic nerve edema consequent to microgravity and

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SG11201604153UA SG11201604153UA (en) 2013-11-06 2014-11-06 Novel formulations
CA2929821A CA2929821A1 (en) 2013-11-06 2014-11-06 2-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate formulations and kits
US15/035,006 US20160279155A1 (en) 2013-11-06 2014-11-06 Novel formulations
MX2016006012A MX386250B (es) 2013-11-06 2014-11-06 Formulaciones novedosas.
RU2016121850A RU2691951C2 (ru) 2013-11-06 2014-11-06 Новые составы
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BR112016010338-6A BR112016010338B1 (pt) 2013-11-06 2014-11-06 Composição farmacêutica compreendendo um composto de diidrogenfosfato de 2-{[3,5-bis(trifluormetil)fenil]carbamoil}-4-clorofenila e uma ou mais bases de bronsted, kit compreendendo o dito composto e uso dos mesmos para tratar ou controlar edema
IL245420A IL245420B (en) 2013-11-06 2016-05-02 New formulations
US16/236,817 US10894055B2 (en) 2013-11-06 2018-12-31 Pharmaceutical compositions, methods of making pharmaceutical compositions, and kits comprising 2-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate
AU2020203697A AU2020203697A1 (en) 2013-11-06 2020-06-01 Novel formulations
US17/099,435 US11801254B2 (en) 2013-11-06 2020-11-16 Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of making pharmaceutical compositions comprising 2-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate
US18/492,750 US12496308B2 (en) 2023-10-23 Methods of administering a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of 2-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate

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