WO2015056589A1 - 接合用銀シートおよびその製造方法並びに電子部品接合方法 - Google Patents
接合用銀シートおよびその製造方法並びに電子部品接合方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015056589A1 WO2015056589A1 PCT/JP2014/076660 JP2014076660W WO2015056589A1 WO 2015056589 A1 WO2015056589 A1 WO 2015056589A1 JP 2014076660 W JP2014076660 W JP 2014076660W WO 2015056589 A1 WO2015056589 A1 WO 2015056589A1
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- Prior art keywords
- silver
- sheet
- temperature
- sintering
- dispersion medium
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
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- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trichloro)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexanoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01L2924/1025—Semiconducting materials
- H01L2924/10251—Elemental semiconductors, i.e. Group IV
- H01L2924/10253—Silicon [Si]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/151—Die mounting substrate
- H01L2924/156—Material
- H01L2924/15786—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a non metallic, non metalloid inorganic material
- H01L2924/15788—Glasses, e.g. amorphous oxides, nitrides or fluorides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metallic silver sheet used as a bonding material and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention also relates to a method for joining an electronic component and a substrate using the sheet.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a binder (paste) in which fine silver powder is blended.
- Patent Document 1 is useful in a technique of applying a circuit pattern according to component arrangement by printing on an electronic component mounting board or the like.
- the components used in the final product for example, electronic component mounting board
- it is necessary to set equipment specifications according to the individual product components in all steps of application, drying, and firing, and various products A more rational approach is desired to respond quickly.
- a bonding method in which a sheet-like bonding material prepared in advance is inserted between the members to be bonded and fired instead of applying the bonding material to the product member, the bonding material as described above can be obtained.
- the process of applying is omitted, and the process of passing the product member is rationalized.
- a brazing material sheet represented by solder has been put to practical use.
- a metal sheet premised on the use of solid phase diffusion or sintering should be used.
- grains of the metal fine powder which presupposed with the binder can be considered.
- bonding can be performed at a temperature lower than that of solid phase diffusion, but in order to ensure a sufficient contact area with a member to be bonded, a high load such as 10 MPa or more is required. Pressure is needed. If the applied pressure is low, the strength of the joint is reduced. It is not always easy to apply a high pressing force to electronic parts or the like, and there are great restrictions on use.
- the firing for bonding is performed in a state including the binder resin, voids are likely to be formed in the bonded portion, which is also a negative factor for securing the strength of the bonded portion. Further, the volatilized binder resin may have an adverse effect on the electronic component.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a silver sheet for bonding which can obtain high bonding strength with low pressure. Moreover, it aims at providing the joining method of the electronic component using the same.
- the above object is a silver sheet in which silver particles having a particle diameter of 1 to 250 nm, more preferably silver particles having a particle diameter of 20 to 120 nm are integrated by sintering, and a certain temperature range “T” satisfying the following formula (1): This is achieved by a joining silver sheet having such a property that the sintering further proceeds when the temperature is raised to A (° C.) or more and T B (° C.) or less. It is effective that the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the sheet surface is 0.10 ⁇ m or less on both surfaces. 270 ⁇ T A ⁇ T B ⁇ 350 (1)
- the silver sheet has voids unique to the sintered body.
- the “property of further sintering” means that the silver sheet is voided when subjected to an experiment in which the temperature is raised to a temperature T 3 (° C.) within a temperature range of T A (° C.) to T B (° C.). This can be confirmed by examining whether or not the shape changes. In time the heating holding time at the temperature T 3 is within 5 minutes, to the extent that the gap shape change in already before and after heating is observed, it is desirable to have the property of sintering progresses.
- T 3 a temperature within the above temperature range and maintained for 5 minutes in a state where a surface pressure of 1 MPa is applied. It is preferable. It should be noted that a temperature range “T A (° C.) or higher and T B (° C.) or lower” in which sintering further proceeds exists within the range of 270 to 350 ° C., and is not necessarily in the entire temperature range of 270 to 350 ° C. The property need not be observed.
- the observation of the change in the shape of the void can be performed, for example, by comparing SEM images with a magnification of 30000 before and after the heating experiment. When an apparent shape change of the voids is recognized thereby, it is clear that it has “a property of further sintering”.
- a method for strictly examining a method of comparing the SEM images before and after heating at the same location using a position where a cone-shaped indentation is provided as a mark is effective. In this method, if it is uncertain whether the shape of the void has changed or not, it is judged that it does not have the “property of further progressing sintering”; Can be determined.
- the thickness of the silver sheet is desirably in the range of 10 to 120 ⁇ m, for example, as measured by a two-plane micrometer. Both plane micrometers mean micrometers in which the measurement surfaces of the anvil and spindle are both flat.
- a projection shape viewed in the thickness direction that exhibits a pattern shape formed by printing is also an object of the present invention.
- the “projection shape” here means a shape determined by the contour of the target object when viewed from one direction at infinity.
- a silver powder composed of silver particles having a particle diameter of 1 to 250 nm and a dispersion medium having a 25% volatilization temperature T 25 (° C.) defined by (A) below in a temperature range of 200 ° C. or less.
- Applying the mixed silver paste on the substrate A step of heat-treating the coated film after the application in a temperature range not lower than the T 25 (° C.) and in which sintering of silver particles does not occur to advance volatilization of the dispersion medium; Firing the heat-treated coating film at a temperature of 170 to 250 ° C.
- a manufacturing method is provided.
- the silver paste on the substrate it may be applied in a pattern shape by printing.
- TG thermogravimetric analysis
- the 25% volatilization temperature is T 25 (° C.).
- the particle diameter of the silver particles is expressed by the major diameter of the primary particles.
- the silver powder is composed of silver particles having a particle diameter of 1 to 250 nm, a mixture of silver fine powders having various average particle diameters may be used. It is more preferable to use silver powder having an average particle diameter of 20 to 120 nm.
- the silver sheet is inserted between an electronic component and a substrate to which the electronic component is bonded, and the contact pressure between the electronic component and the silver sheet is 0.5 to 3 MPa, more preferably 1 to 3 MPa.
- an electronic component bonding method in which heating is performed in a temperature range of T A (° C.) or higher and T B (° C.) or lower while applying a pressure force between the electronic component and the substrate.
- the present invention it became possible to join the members to be joined with a low pressure of 3 MPa or less using a sheet-like joining material.
- the present invention is particularly useful as a means for bonding an electronic component to a substrate.
- FIG. 3 is a SEM photograph of the surface of the silver sheet obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a SEM photograph of the surface of the silver sheet obtained in Example 5.
- FIG. The SEM photograph of the silver sheet surface obtained in Example 6.
- FIG. The SEM photograph of the silver sheet surface obtained in Example 7.
- FIG. The SEM photograph of the silver sheet surface obtained in Example 8.
- FIG. The SEM photograph of the silver coating film surface after the preheating process obtained by the comparative example 1.
- FIG. The SEM photograph of the silver coating film surface after the preheating process obtained by the comparative example 2.
- FIG. The SEM photograph on the surface of a silver sheet after carrying out the heat test of the silver sheet obtained in Example 1 on the conditions of applied pressure 1MPa and 300 degreeC x 5min.
- the silver sheet according to the present invention is inserted between the materials to be joined, and is a silver sheet produced when the temperature is raised to a certain temperature range “T A (° C.) or higher and T B (° C.) or lower” satisfying the following expression (1).
- T A ° C.
- T B ° C.
- the materials to be joined on both sides are joined using solid phase diffusion. 270 ⁇ T A ⁇ T B ⁇ 350 (1)
- the applied pressure can be set as low as about 0.5 to 3 MPa.
- the silver sheet according to the present invention is a sintered sheet formed by sintering silver powder.
- the silver sheet can be bonded with a low pressing force at the heating temperature T 3 at the time of bonding in which the silver sheet is within the temperature range of “T A (° C.) or higher and T B (° C.) or lower”. This is due to the fact that it has the property of “settling”. That is, the sintering performed at the stage of producing the silver sheet is finished in an incomplete state.
- the silver sheet in such a state has many voids inside. Since the sintering further proceeds at the heating temperature at the time of bonding, the shape and amount of the voids change greatly only by applying a low pressure, and the movement (diffusion) of silver atoms proceeds actively. As a result, a joint is constructed in which the materials to be joined on both sides are tightly joined.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the sheet surface is 0.10 ⁇ m or less on both the front and back surfaces.
- a silver sheet with Ra of 0.10 ⁇ m or less can be obtained by setting the applied pressure to 8 MPa or more in the press firing described below.
- the thickness of the silver sheet is preferably 10 to 120 ⁇ m in the thickness measured by a two-plane micrometer. In order to stably obtain a high bonding strength, it is more effective to secure a sheet thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more. More preferably, the thickness is 20 ⁇ m or more. On the other hand, even if the thickness is 120 ⁇ m or more, the effect of improving the stability of the bonding strength is saturated and uneconomical. More preferably, the thickness is 100 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the silver powder used as the raw material for the silver sheet is preferably composed of silver particles having a particle diameter of 1 to 250 nm.
- the silver powder composed of such fine particles undergoes a sintering phenomenon at a low temperature of less than 250 ° C., and is a silver sheet that has been sintered in an incomplete state, that is, a silver sheet having “the property of further sintering” This is extremely useful for obtaining a sheet.
- the particle diameter means the diameter (long diameter) of the longest part of the particle.
- the particle shape is more preferably spherical.
- the surface of the raw material silver powder used is covered with an organic protective material.
- This organic protective material preferably remains until subjected to pressure firing for producing a silver sheet. That is, it may be somewhat volatilized in the process before being subjected to pressure firing, but it is desirable that it does not disappear completely. More specifically, it is desirable that the residual ratio of the organic protective material (ratio to the total mass of the original organic protective material) is 30% or more when the preheating treatment is completed.
- Examples of such an organic protective material include fatty acids such as sorbic acid, hexanoic acid, butanoic acid and malic acid.
- Silver paste A dispersion medium and the raw material silver powder are mixed to obtain a silver paste. At that time, additives may be mixed for viscosity adjustment.
- the inventors have sufficiently volatilized and removed the substances constituting the dispersion medium before being subjected to pressure firing in making a silver sheet. It was found to be extremely important in enabling formation. That is, when pressure firing is performed in a state where a large amount of the dispersion medium exists around the silver particles, a sintering phenomenon that occurs between adjacent silver particles is inhibited, and it becomes difficult to form a sheet. However, when pressure firing is performed in a state where the dispersion medium is sufficiently removed, the silver sheet can be constructed even if the firing temperature is less than 250 ° C., preferably less than 200 ° C. all right.
- a substance that undergoes volatilization is dispersed by a low-temperature heat treatment that does not cause sintering. It is necessary to adopt as a medium. However, even after the dispersion medium is sufficiently removed, it is desirable that the surface of each silver particle is covered with an organic protective material until it is subjected to pressure firing. Accordingly, the substance used as the dispersion medium is selected to have a property that volatilization proceeds by a low-temperature heat treatment so that the organic protective material for silver particles remains.
- T 25 a dispersion medium having a 25% volatilization temperature T 25 (° C.) defined in the above (A) in a temperature range of 200 ° C. or less. It is difficult to sufficiently volatilize and remove a dispersion medium having T 25 in a temperature range exceeding 200 ° C. in a low temperature range where sintering does not occur.
- T 25 is more preferably in a temperature range of 100 ° C. or higher. When T 25 is less than 100 ° C., it tends to volatilize even in a storage environment, and it is necessary to strictly manage storage of the silver paste.
- An example of a dispersion medium having a 25% volatilization temperature T 25 (° C.) in the range of 200 ° C. or less, more preferably in the range of 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. includes 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol.
- examples of the additive added to the paste for viscosity adjustment include organic substances such as 2-butoxyethoxyacetic acid and 2-methoxyethoxyacetic acid.
- the content of the additive in the paste is preferably 2.0% by mass or less, and more preferably 1.0% by mass or less.
- a coating film is formed by applying the silver paste on the substrate.
- a material capable of peeling the formed silver sheet is applied.
- a glass substrate with good smoothness, an alumina substrate, or the like can be used.
- a base having a curved surface or a base having an uneven shape may be used.
- the coating thickness is adjusted so that the thickness of the silver sheet obtained after pressure firing is within a predetermined range (described above).
- the pattern may be applied by printing.
- the coating film applied on the substrate is heated to obtain a coating film in which the dispersion medium is sufficiently volatilized.
- This heat treatment is referred to as “preliminary heat treatment” in this specification.
- the preheating treatment is performed in a temperature range in which the volatilization of the dispersion medium proceeds and silver particles are not sintered. From the viewpoint of promoting the volatilization of the dispersion medium, it is effective to set the heating temperature to 25% volatilization temperature T 25 (° C.) or higher. If the heating temperature is lower than that, it takes a long time to sufficiently volatilize the dispersion medium, and the productivity is impaired, or it is impossible to sufficiently achieve volatilization of the dispersion medium.
- an appropriate temperature may be selected within a range of 200 ° C. or lower when no pressure is applied.
- the preheating treatment temperature is desirably in the range of 250 ° C. or lower. If the set temperature is higher than that, sintering is likely to occur partially. If sintering occurs at the stage of the preheating treatment, it is difficult to realize a stable sheet formation in pressure firing.
- the conditions of preheating treatment holding temperature, holding time, etc.
- the conditions of preheating treatment can be determined in advance by experiments, depending on the type of raw material silver powder and additives to be used, the conditions of pressure firing in the subsequent step, and the like. If the preheating time for volatilizing and removing the dispersion medium is too short, a large amount of organic substances derived from the dispersion medium may remain, making it difficult to form a sheet.
- the dispersion medium is 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol
- appropriate preheating treatment conditions can be found within the range of a heating temperature of 130 to 170 ° C. and a heating time of 5 to 30 min.
- a silver sheet is obtained by baking the coated film of the silver paste from which the dispersion medium material has been sufficiently volatilized and removed after the preheating treatment, while applying pressure to the surface.
- the applied pressure can be applied by sandwiching both surfaces of the coating film with a pair of materials that are not bonded to the silver sheet, such as a glass material or a ceramic material.
- the substrate on which the silver paste is applied may be used as it is.
- the applied pressure is desirably in the range of 5 to 35 MPa, and more preferably in the range of 8 to 35 MPa.
- a silver sheet with high smoothness can be obtained by increasing the pressure.
- a silver sheet having an arithmetic average roughness Ra of the sheet surface of 0.10 ⁇ m or less is extremely useful for obtaining a high bonding strength between the materials to be bonded.
- By setting the applied pressure to 8 MPa or more it becomes easy to form a silver sheet having Ra of 0.10 ⁇ m or less.
- excessively increasing the pressing force increases the process load of pressure firing, which is not preferable.
- the silver particles are sintered in an incomplete state to obtain a silver sheet. If the pressure firing temperature is excessively higher than the sintering start possible temperature of the raw material silver powder used, it becomes difficult to finish the sintering in an incomplete state, and it has the “characteristic that further sintering proceeds”. The silver sheet cannot be produced stably.
- the pressure firing temperature is desirably 250 ° C. or less. In particular, when raw material silver powder having an average particle size of 120 nm or less is used, the temperature can be set to 200 ° C. or less. Since sintering is likely to occur by applying a pressing force, pressure firing may be realized at a temperature equal to or lower than the preheating temperature.
- the appropriate conditions can be set within the range of 170 to 250 ° C., more preferably 170 to 220 ° C., and the heating time of 3 to 30 min, more preferably 3 to 10 min. it can.
- the applied pressure applied at the time of joining may be in the range of 0.5 to 3 MPa. A range of 0.8 to 2 MPa is more preferable.
- a high pressure of 10 MPa or more has been required. It is not preferable to apply such a high pressure force to an electronic component or the like, and there are many restrictions on use. Since the silver sheet according to the present invention causes solid-phase diffusion by utilizing the “property that sintering proceeds”, it enables bonding with a very low pressure.
- the heating time in the temperature range from T A (° C.) to T B (° C.) at the time of bonding may be set in the range of 3 to 30 min, more preferably in the range of 3 to 15 min.
- a silver particle aggregate dry powder composed of spherical silver particles having an average primary particle diameter of about 100 nm coated with sorbic acid, which is an organic protective material, was prepared.
- the amount of metallic silver contained in the silver powder is 99.2% by mass.
- 2-butoxyethoxyacetic acid was prepared to adjust viscosity and thixotropy.
- Octanediol (2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol) was prepared as a dispersion medium.
- a silver particle aggregate dry powder composed of spherical silver particles having an average primary particle diameter of about 0.8 ⁇ m coated with oleic acid as an organic protective material was prepared as a raw material silver powder.
- the amount of metallic silver contained in the silver powder is 99.62% by mass.
- a silver paste was obtained in the same manner as described above. This is called “silver paste B”.
- any one of these silver pastes is applied onto a substrate made of flat glass using a metal mask and manually printed with a metal squeegee to a thickness of 13 mm square and a thickness of 70 ⁇ m, as shown in Tables 1 and 2
- a preheating treatment in the atmosphere was performed under the conditions.
- the preliminary heat treatment was a two-stage heat treatment with different temperature levels except for some examples.
- the temperature T 1 (° C.) of the preheating treatment shown in Tables 1 and 2 is the above-mentioned “25% volatilization temperature T 25 (° C.) or higher among the treatment temperatures employed in the preheating treatment, and the silver particles are baked. It means the processing temperature corresponding to the “temperature range where no condensation occurs”.
- T 1 is dash display is for not preheating treatment at a processing temperature corresponding to "25% volatilization temperature T 25 (° C.) or higher temperature range sintering does not occur in Katsugin particles" means.
- Both surfaces of the coating film that had been subjected to the preheating treatment were sandwiched between a pair of flat glass plates and applied with pressure, and pressure firing was performed under the conditions shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- the flat glass on one side was removed after the pressure firing, and the surface roughness Ra on the coating film surface after the pressure firing was measured. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- a heating experiment was performed in which a sample cut from the obtained silver sheet was sandwiched between a pair of flat glass plates and applied with a pressure of 1 MPa and held at 300 ° C. for 5 minutes in the atmosphere. Then, SEM images with a magnification of 30000 before and after the heating experiment were compared. As a result, it was confirmed that any of the silver sheets had a clear shape change in the voids, and had “a property of further sintering”.
- a silicon chip (12.5 mm square) having a thickness of 0.3 mm and a copper plate (30 mm square) having a thickness of 1 mm were prepared.
- the surface of these materials is silver plated.
- the above-described silver sheet was inserted between these materials to be joined, and a joining test was performed under the conditions shown in Table 1.
- the both ends of the copper plate were inserted
- the area ratio of the silicon chip remaining in the bent copper plate shape was measured, and the bonding strength was evaluated according to the following criteria.
- FIGS. 1 to 5 show SEM photographs of the silver sheet surface for some examples.
- the SEM photograph of the coating-film surface after pressure baking is illustrated in FIG. 6, FIG. In Tables 1 and 2, the corresponding SEM photograph figure numbers are added.
- the SEM photograph of the surface is illustrated in FIG. 8 about the sheet
- FIG. 9 shows an example of a TG-DTA curve when the silver paste A is heated from room temperature (25 ° C.) to 500 ° C. at 10 ° C./min in the air or nitrogen atmosphere.
- the volatilization amount of the dispersion medium when the [weight reduction rate (%) of the dispersion medium] in the formula (2) is 25% is silver. 8.55 ⁇ (25/100) ⁇ 2.14 g per 100 g of paste.
- the 25% volatilization temperature T 25 of the silver paste A is between 100 ° C. and 150 ° C. Is clear.
- the preheating treatment was performed at a temperature T 1 (° C.) that is equal to or higher than the 25% volatilization temperature T 25 (° C.) and in which the silver particles are not sintered. It is considered that most of the paste dispersion medium was volatilized and removed by this preheating treatment. As a result, sheeting was possible.
- T 2 the pressure firing temperature
- T 2 the pressure firing temperature
- the organic protective material on the surface of the silver particles and the organic substance of the additive have been volatilized and removed.
- the silver sheet thus obtained was judged to have the above-mentioned “characteristic that further sintering proceeds”. It was confirmed that these silver sheets can be used for diffusion bonding with a low pressure. Moreover, it was confirmed that improving the smoothness of the silver sheet surface is effective in obtaining high bonding strength (contrast between Example 8 and other examples).
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 since the preheating treatment at a temperature equal to or higher than the 25% volatilization temperature T 25 (° C.) was not performed, the volatilization removal of the paste dispersion medium was insufficient, and the sheet was pressed by pressure firing. could not be converted. Since Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were not subjected to pressure firing, they could not be formed into sheets. In Comparative Examples 5 and 6, since raw material silver powder composed of silver particles having a particle diameter of more than 250 nm was used, sintering did not proceed at the press firing temperature according to the present invention, and a sheet could not be formed.
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Abstract
Description
固相拡散を利用する金属シートの場合、はんだ接合よりは耐熱性の高い接合部を実現できる。しかし、固相拡散を利用するためには、高温下で被接合部材同士の間に高い圧力を付与する必要がある。したがって、電子部品の接合には適さない。
金属微粉末の粒子をバインダーで結合したシートの場合、固相拡散よりは低温で接合が可能であるが、被接合部材との間に十分な接触面積を確保するためには10MPa以上といった高い加圧力が必要である。加圧力が低いと接合部の強度が低下してしまう。電子部品等に高い加圧力を付与することは必ずしも容易ではなく、用途上の制限が大きい。また、接合のための焼成はバインダーの樹脂を含む状態で行われるため、接合部には空隙が生じやすく、そのことも接合部の強度確保にはマイナス要因となる。さらに揮発したバインダー樹脂が電子部品に悪影響を及ぼすことも考えられる。
270≦TA<TB≦350 …(1)
前記塗布後の塗膜を前記T25(℃)以上かつ銀粒子の焼結が生じない温度域で加熱処理して前記分散媒の揮発を進行させる工程、
前記加熱処理後の塗膜を5~35MPaの加圧力付与状態で170~250℃の温度で焼成し、銀粒子が焼結により一体化した銀シートを得る工程、
を有する製造方法が提供される。前記銀ペーストを基盤上に塗布する際に、印刷によりパターン形状に塗布してもよい。
(A)前記銀ペーストを大気中で常温から10℃/minで昇温する熱重量分析(TG)に供したとき、下記(2)式による分散媒の重量減少率が25%となる温度を25%揮発温度T25(℃)とする。
[分散媒の重量減少率(%)]=[熱重量分析の昇温により既に揮発した分散媒の積算質量(g)]/[熱重量分析に供する前の銀ペースト試料中に存在していた分散媒の全質量(g)]×100 …(2)
270≦TA<TB≦350 …(1)
固相拡散を利用するにもかかわらず、付与する加圧力を0.5~3MPa程度と低く設定することができる点に特徴がある。
銀シートの原料となる銀粉は、粒子径1~250nmの銀粒子で構成されるものが好適である。このような微細な粒子からなる銀粉は250℃未満といった低温で焼結現象が生じ、不完全な状態で焼結を終了させた銀シート、すなわち「更に焼結が進行する性質」を備えた銀シートを得る上で極めて有用である。取り扱い性、コスト、焼結開始可能温度等を総合的に考慮すると、平均粒子径が20~120nmである銀粉を使うことがより実用的である。ここで、粒子径は粒子の最も長い部分の径(長径)を意味する。粒子形状は球状であることがより好ましい。
分散媒と、上記の原料銀粉とを混合して銀ペーストとする。その際、粘度調整などのために添加剤を混合してもよい。発明者らは詳細な検討の結果、銀シートを作る際の加圧焼成に供する前に、分散媒を構成する物質を十分に揮発除去しておくことが、低温での加圧焼成によりシートの形成を可能にする上で極めて重要であることを知見した。すなわち、銀粒子の周りに分散媒が多量に存在する状態で加圧焼成を行うと、隣り合う個々の銀粒子の間で生じる焼結現象が阻害され、シートを形成することが困難となる。ところが、分散媒が十分に除去された状態で加圧焼成を行った場合には、その焼成温度が250℃未満、好ましくは200℃未満と低くても、銀シートの構築が可能となることがわかった。
上記銀ペーストを基盤上に塗布することにより、塗膜を形成させる。基盤としては、形成した銀シートを剥がすことが可能な材料が適用される。例えば、平滑性の良好なガラス基板、アルミナ基板等が適用できる。用途によっては表面が曲面形状である基盤や、凹凸形状である基盤を用いてもよい。塗膜厚さは、加圧焼成後に得られる銀シート厚さが所定の範囲(上述)となるように調整される。接合する電子部品等の配置を考慮して、印刷によりパターン形状に塗布してもよい。
加圧焼成に供する前に、基盤上に塗布された前記塗膜を加熱し、分散媒を十分に揮発させた塗膜を得る。この加熱処理を本明細書では「予備加熱処理」と呼ぶ。予備加熱処理は、分散媒の揮発が進行し、かつ、銀粒子の焼結が生じない温度域で行う。分散媒の揮発促進の観点からは、前述の25%揮発温度T25(℃)以上の加熱温度とすることが効果的である。それより加熱温度が低いと、分散媒の揮発を十分に行うために長時間を有し生産性を損なうか、あるいは分散媒の揮発を十分に達成することが不可能となる。銀粒子の焼結を生じさせないという観点からは、加圧力を付与しない場合、200℃以下の範囲で適正温度を選択すればよい。使用する銀粉の平均粒子径が例えば120nmを超えて大きい場合、200℃を超える温度域でも焼結を生じない温度を選択しやすくなる。予備加熱処理温度は250℃以下の範囲とすることが望ましい。それより設定温度が高くなると、部分的に焼結が生じやすくなる。予備加熱処理の段階で焼結が生じてしまうと、加圧焼成において安定したシート化を実現することが難しい。
上記予備加熱処理を終えて分散媒の物質が十分に揮発除去されている銀ペーストの塗膜に対して、表面に加圧力を付与した状態で焼成を施し、銀シートを得る。加圧力は、例えばガラス材料やセラミックス材料など、銀シートと接合しない性質の一対の材料で塗膜の両側表面を挟むことによって付与することができる。塗膜を挟む片側の材料は前記銀ペーストを塗布した基盤をそのまま利用してもよい。
上記のようにして得られた銀シートは、被接合材料の間に挿入され、所定の加圧力を付与した状態で所定の接合温度に加熱することによって固相拡散を生じ、接合材料としての機能を発揮する。
接合は、下記(1)式を満たすTA(℃)以上TB(℃)以下の温度範囲内で行う。この「TA(℃)以上TB(℃)以下」の温度範囲は、上述した通り、銀シートの焼結が更に進行する温度域を意味する。
270≦TA<TB≦350 …(1)
上記原料銀粉90.5g(うち金属銀89.776g)と、上記添加剤0.95gと、上記分散媒8.55gを混合したのち、混練脱泡機(EME社製;V-mini300型)を用いてRevolution;1400rpm、Rotation;700rpmの条件で混練し、得られた混練物を三本ロール(EXAKT Apparatebaus社製;22851Norderstedt型)にてギャップ調整しながら5~10回パスさせて銀ペーストを得た。これを「銀ペーストA」と呼ぶ。
◎:シリコンチップの残存面積率が100%
○:シリコンチップの残存面積率が80%以上100%未満
×:シリコンチップの残存面積率が80%未満
Claims (7)
- 粒子径1~250nmの銀粒子が焼結により一体化した銀シートであって、下記(1)式を満たすある温度範囲「TA(℃)以上TB(℃)以下」に昇温して保持したときに更に焼結が進行する性質を備えた接合用銀シート。
270≦TA<TB≦350 …(1) - シート面の算術平均粗さRaが両面とも0.10μm以下である請求項1に記載の接合用銀シート。
- 両平面マイクロメータにより測定されるシート厚さが10~120μmである請求項1または2に記載の接合用銀シート。
- 厚さ方向に見た投影形状が、印刷により形成されたパターン形状を呈するものである請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の接合用銀シート。
- 粒子径1~250nmの銀粒子からなる銀粉と、下記(A)により定義される25%揮発温度T25(℃)を200℃以下の温度域に有する分散媒が混合された銀ペーストを基盤上に塗布する工程、
前記塗布後の塗膜を前記T25(℃)以上かつ銀粒子の焼結が生じない温度域で加熱処理して前記分散媒の揮発を進行させる工程、
前記加熱処理後の塗膜を5~35MPaの加圧力付与状態で170~250℃の温度で焼成し、銀粒子が焼結により一体化した銀シートを得る工程、
を有する接合用銀シートの製造方法。
(A)前記銀ペーストを大気中で常温から10℃/minで昇温する熱重量分析(TG)に供したとき、下記(2)式による分散媒の重量減少率が25%となる温度を25%揮発温度T25(℃)とする。
[分散媒の重量減少率(%)]=[熱重量分析の昇温により既に揮発した分散媒の積算質量(g)]/[熱重量分析に供する前の銀ペースト試料中に存在していた分散媒の全質量(g)]×100 …(2) - 前記銀ペーストを基盤上に塗布する際に、印刷によりパターン形状に塗布する請求項5に記載の接合用銀シートの製造方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の銀シートを、電子部品と、それを接合する基板の間に挿入し、前記電子部品と銀シートの接触面圧が0.5~3MPaとなるように電子部品と基板の間に加圧力を付与しながら前記TA(℃)以上TB(℃)以下の温度範囲に加熱する電子部品接合方法。
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