WO2015046232A1 - Procédé de traitement d'un électrolyte liquide contenant du fluor - Google Patents
Procédé de traitement d'un électrolyte liquide contenant du fluor Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015046232A1 WO2015046232A1 PCT/JP2014/075251 JP2014075251W WO2015046232A1 WO 2015046232 A1 WO2015046232 A1 WO 2015046232A1 JP 2014075251 W JP2014075251 W JP 2014075251W WO 2015046232 A1 WO2015046232 A1 WO 2015046232A1
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- fluorine
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0034—Fluorinated solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/52—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste cells or batteries, e.g. recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a safe processing method for a fluorine-containing electrolytic solution used in a lithium ion battery or the like.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-204125 for which it applied to Japan on September 30, 2013, and uses the content here.
- Electrolytic solutions used in lithium ion batteries and the like contain fluorine compounds (LiPF 6 , LiBF 4, etc.) that serve as electrolytes and volatile organic solvents, which are mainly carbonates. It is a flammable substance. Moreover, when LiPF 6 reacts with water, it hydrolyzes to generate toxic hydrogen fluoride. For this reason, a safe processing method is required.
- fluorine compounds LiPF 6 , LiBF 4, etc.
- the following treatment methods are known as a treatment method for a lithium ion battery and its electrolytic solution.
- Patent Document 1 Processing method to separate (Patent Document 1), (B) Battered used lithium battery, crushing the baked product and separating it into a magnetic material and a non-magnetic material, with a large amount of useful metals such as aluminum and copper Treatment method (Patent Document 2), (C) a lithium battery is opened with ultra-high pressure water, and an electrolytic solution is recovered using an organic solvent (Patent Document 3), (D) used battery is crushed Then, after washing with water, the positive electrode is peeled off to recover Al, Cu, Ni and Co, and Li is extracted from the remaining liquid by solvent extraction (Patent Document 4), (E) used batteries are crushed , washed with water to elute the LiPF 6, cobalt oxide lithium is peeled off cathode While recovering, the washing solution after the addition of hot acid decomposes LiPF 6 phosphate and fluorine, this was added slaked lime, processing method of recovering a mixture of fluoride Ca and phosphate Ca (JP 5).
- Patent Document 2
- the said processing method (A) requires a freezing equipment in order to disassemble and crush a lithium battery under freezing, it is difficult to implement.
- a fluorine is processed as a combustion gas in the roasting process of a lithium battery, a highly pure fluorine component cannot be collect
- recovered electrolyte solution becomes a problem.
- the electrolyte solution contains a flammable organic solvent, and the fluorine compound in the electrolyte solution reacts with water to generate toxic hydrogen fluoride, so that safe treatment is required.
- cleaning containing an organic solvent becomes a problem.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in conventional processing methods, and an object thereof is to provide a method for safely processing an electrolytic solution containing a fluorine compound (LiPF 6 or the like) and an organic solvent.
- a fluorine compound LiPF 6 or the like
- the present invention is a method for treating a fluorine-containing electrolytic solution having the following constitution.
- [1] After adding an alkali to a fluorine-containing electrolyte solution to hydrolyze a carbonate ester contained in the fluorine-containing electrolyte solution and fixing fluorine and phosphorus contained in the fluorine-containing electrolyte solution, the fluorine-containing electrolyte solution
- the above-mentioned fluorine-containing electrolyte is an electrolyte in a waste battery, an electrolyte in a state where the waste battery is cut or crushed, an electrolyte before use, or an electrolyte extracted from a waste battery
- the fluorine-containing electrolytic solution is an electrolytic solution in a waste battery, and after the alkali is injected into the waste battery or the waste battery is immersed in the alkaline solution, the waste battery is subjected to normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- the fluorine-containing electrolyte is an electrolyte in a waste battery, and after cutting or crushing the waste battery and adding a powdered alkali or alkaline solution, the waste battery is heated under normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- alkali is added to the fluorine-containing electrolytic solution, the fluorine compound (LiPF 6 ) contained in the fluorine-containing electrolytic solution is decomposed, and fluorine and phosphorus are fixed. Generation of hydrogen can be avoided. As a result, it is possible to work safely. Further, in the treatment method of the present invention, the organic solvent component is taken out by vaporizing the fluorine-containing electrolytic solution, so that it is not necessary to freeze or burn the waste battery at a high temperature.
- the carbonates in the fluorine-containing electrolyte are decomposed by addition of alkali to alcohols or diols, the organic solvent components (alcohols and diols) at a temperature lower than the boiling point of the carbonates. ) Can be vaporized. As a result, recovery of these becomes easy.
- fluorine in the fluorine-containing electrolyte is separated prior to vaporization of the organic solvent component by addition of alkali, so that the recovered alcohol or diol does not contain fluorine. For this reason, since harmful hydrogen fluoride etc. do not generate
- the treatment method of the present embodiment can be applied to an electrolytic solution used for a lithium battery or the like.
- Electrolytic solutions used in lithium ion batteries and the like contain an electrolyte fluorine compound and an organic solvent.
- the fluorine compound is mainly lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 )
- the organic solvent is dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC). And so on.
- DMC, EMC and DEC are flammable substances.
- the treatment method of this embodiment is suitable as a treatment method for a lithium ion battery or the like in which an electrolytic solution containing such a fluorine compound and an organic solvent is used.
- the treatment method of the present embodiment is such a fluorine-containing electrolytic solution, which is an electrolytic solution in a waste battery or an electrolytic solution in a state where the waste battery is cut or crushed (obtained by cutting or crushing the waste battery). Or an electrolytic solution before use, or an electrolytic solution extracted from a waste battery.
- the waste battery that has been cut or crushed is in a state in which the electrolyte inside the battery is exposed to the outside together with the electrode material, so that the electrolyte can be treated.
- Cutting or crushing the waste battery may be performed in an inert gas atmosphere so as not to ignite the electrolyte.
- alkali addition process In the treatment method of the present embodiment, alkali is added to the fluorine-containing electrolytic solution (step S1), and then the electrolytic solution is heated to vaporize volatile components (step S2).
- the method of adding alkali to the electrolyte of the waste battery include a method of directly injecting alkali into the waste battery after discharging the used battery.
- the used battery may be immersed in an alkaline solution after the used battery is discharged.
- a battery is provided with a safety valve in order to lower an excessive internal pressure. Therefore, the safety valve may be opened to inject an alkaline solution, or the safety valve may be opened and immersed in the alkaline solution.
- powdered alkali or alkaline solution may be added to the cut or crushed waste battery.
- Na-based neutralizer Na 2 CO 3
- Ca-based neutralizer Ca (OH) 2 , CaCO 3 , CaO]
- Mg-based neutralizer (MgO, Mg (OH) 2
- the concentration of is preferably 0.1 to 20% of the total weight of the solution or slurry, where when alkali is injected into the waste battery, the amount of alkali injected into the waste battery, that is, the weight of pure alkali is the amount of electrolyte.
- the alkali amount (g) is the weight (g) of the solid, and when the alkali is liquid, the alkali amount (g) is “liquid weight (g ) X alkali weight
- the alkali amount (g) is “slurry amount (g) ⁇ alkali weight concentration (%)”.
- the carbonate ester contained in the electrolytic solution is hydrolyzed into alcohol and diol by the addition of alkali.
- a linear carbonate ester is hydrolyzed into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
- the cyclic carbonate is hydrolyzed into diol and carbon dioxide. The generated carbon dioxide becomes gas and flows out of the system, and alcohol and diol remain in the electrolyte.
- DMC decomposes to produce methanol.
- EMC decomposes to produce methanol and ethanol.
- DEC decomposes to produce ethanol.
- EC decomposes to produce ethylene glycol. Since these alcohols and diols have a boiling point of about 30 to 60 ° C. lower than that of the carbonate ester, the vaporization temperature in the vaporization step can be lowered. This facilitates recovery of organic solvents such as alcohol and diol.
- LiPF 6 contained in the electrolytic solution is decomposed by reacting with alkali Na and Ca, and as shown in the following formulas (3) and (4), precipitation of fluorine compounds (LiF, NaF, CaF 2 ), And precipitation of phosphate compound (Na 2 HPO 4 , CaHPO 4 ) occurs, and fluorine and phosphorus are immobilized. Further, these phosphate compounds are decomposed into NaHF 2 , NaF, and CaF.
- FIG. 2 shows an XRD diagram (X-ray spectrum diagram) obtained when XRD (X-ray diffraction) measurement is performed on a liquid obtained by adding a NaOH solution to the electrolytic solution. As shown in the figure, peaks of NaF, NaHF 2 and LiF are seen, and fluorine is immobilized.
- fluorine and phosphorus contained in the electrolytic solution are fixed as precipitates. Therefore, generation of harmful hydrogen fluoride in the subsequent process is avoided, and high safety can be ensured. .
- LiPF 6 is decomposed to fix fluorine and phosphorus. Thereby, even when the waste battery is heated, almost no hydrogen fluoride is generated, and the waste battery can be safely processed.
- the alkali-treated waste battery is heated to vaporize the volatile component of the electrolytic solution.
- the alkaline battery may be washed with a washing solvent to extract an electrolytic solution, and the extracted electrolytic solution may be heated to vaporize volatile components.
- the washing solvent is preferably water or an organic solvent having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or lower.
- the carbonic acid ester is decomposed into alcohols and diols, so that the alcohols and diols can be vaporized at a temperature lower than the boiling point of the carbonic acid ester.
- the boiling points of DMC, EMC, DEC, and EC are 90 ° C., 109 ° C., 127 ° C., and 244 ° C. under normal pressure, respectively.
- the boiling point of methanol is 65 ° C.
- the boiling point of ethanol is 78 ° C.
- the boiling point of ethylene glycol is 197 ° C.
- the electrolytic solution may be heated to 65 ° C. to 197 ° C. or higher.
- the inside of a waste battery When heated under reduced pressure, the internal temperature increases, and volatile components are easily vaporized.
- the inside of a waste battery is depressurized to 5 kPa and heated to 20 ° C. to 90 ° C., it becomes 98 ° C. to 181 ° C. in terms of atmospheric pressure. For this reason, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and the like can be easily vaporized.
- the inside of the waste battery may be reduced to 1 kPa to 0.1 kPa and heated to 10 ° C. to 40 ° C.
- step S3 the gas (vaporized gas) vaporized in the vaporization step is cooled and condensed, whereby the volatile components vaporized in the vaporization step can be recovered as a condensate. Further, since methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol contained in the vaporized gas are dissolved in water, they can be recovered as an aqueous solution by introducing the vaporized gas into a water-cooled trap.
- the vaporized carbonic acid ester When a part of the carbonic acid ester contained in the electrolyte is vaporized without being decomposed, the vaporized carbonic acid ester does not dissolve in water, so it is separated as an organic phase on the aqueous phase surface of the aqueous solution obtained by the water-cooled trap. . By separating such a liquid into oil and water, the carbonate ester can be recovered.
- Step S4 The waste battery after the vaporization treatment is crushed (step S4), and the crushed material is separated according to the material used (step S5) and recycled.
- the vaporization step may be performed after cutting or crushing the waste battery, and the crushed material obtained by cutting or crushing the waste battery may be separated and recycled according to the material used after the vaporization treatment. .
- the fluorine concentration was analyzed by the fluoride ion electrode method.
- the phosphoric acid concentration was measured by ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer).
- Example 1 After discharging a lithium ion waste battery (electrolyte content: 100 mL, weight: 122.6 g), the safety valve was removed, and a 24 wt% NaOH solution was injected from the opening. At the time of injection, it was visually confirmed that a gas considered to be carbon dioxide generated by the decomposition of the carbonic acid ester in the electrolytic solution was generated. After injecting the NaOH solution, the inside of the waste battery was depressurized to 20 kPa, heated at 120 ° C. for 2 hours, the vaporized gas was cooled and condensed, and the condensate was recovered.
- Table 1 shows the concentration and the injection amount of the NaOH solution used, the amount of the condensed liquid recovered (the amount of organic solvent), the fluorine concentration and the phosphorus concentration in the liquid.
- the recovered condensate had a fluorine concentration of 31 ppm and a phosphorus concentration of less than 1 ppm. This suggests that the fluorine compound (LiPF 6 ) contained in the electrolytic solution is decomposed, and that almost the entire amount is fixed in the vaporized residue (the residue that is not vaporized after the electrolytic solution is vaporized). .
- the collected condensate was analyzed by gas chromatography, and it was confirmed that methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol were contained. This suggests that the carbonates of the electrolytic solution were decomposed into these.
- Example 2 After discharging a lithium ion waste battery (electrolyte content: 100 mL, weight: 122.6 g), the safety valve was removed, and a 20 wt% Na 2 CO 3 solution was injected from the opening. At the time of injection, it was visually confirmed that a gas considered to be carbon dioxide generated by the decomposition of the carbonic acid ester in the electrolytic solution was generated. After injecting the Na 2 CO 3 solution, it was vaporized under the same conditions as in Example 1, the vaporized gas was cooled and condensed, and the condensate was recovered.
- Table 2 shows the concentration and injection amount of the used Na 2 CO 3 solution, the amount of the aggregate liquid recovered (amount of organic solvent), the fluorine concentration and the phosphorus concentration in the liquid.
- the recovered aggregate liquid had a fluorine concentration of 46 ppm and a phosphorus concentration of less than 1 ppm. This suggests that the fluorine compound (LiPF 6 ) contained in the electrolytic solution is decomposed, and almost the entire amount is fixed in the vaporization residue.
- the collected condensate was analyzed by gas chromatography, and it was confirmed that methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol were contained. This suggests that the carbonate of the electrolytic solution was hydrolyzed.
- Example 3 After discharging the lithium ion waste battery (electrolyte content: 100 mL, weight: 122.6 g), the safety valve was removed, and a 20 wt% Ca (OH) 2 suspension was injected from the opening. At the time of injection, it was visually confirmed that a gas considered to be carbon dioxide generated by the decomposition of the carbonic acid ester in the electrolytic solution was generated. After injecting the Ca (OH) 2 suspension, vaporization was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1, the vaporized gas was cooled and condensed, and the condensate was recovered.
- Table 3 shows the concentration and injection amount of the Ca (OH) 2 suspension, the amount of recovered condensate (the amount of organic solvent), the fluorine concentration and the phosphorus concentration in the solution.
- the recovered condensate had a fluorine concentration of 29 ppm and a phosphorus concentration of less than 1 ppm. This suggests that the fluorine compound (LiPF 6 ) contained in the electrolytic solution is decomposed, and almost the entire amount is fixed in the vaporization residue.
- the collected condensate was analyzed by gas chromatography, and it was confirmed that methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol were contained. This suggests that the carbonate of the electrolytic solution was hydrolyzed.
- Example 4 After discharging a lithium ion waste battery (electrolyte content: 100 mL, weight: 122.6 g), the safety valve was removed, and a 20 wt% MgO suspension was injected from the opening. At the time of injection, it was visually confirmed that a gas considered to be carbon dioxide generated by the decomposition of the carbonic acid ester in the electrolytic solution was generated. After injecting the MgO suspension, vaporization was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1, the vaporized gas was cooled and condensed, and the condensate was recovered. Table 4 shows the concentration and injection amount of the MgO suspension used, the amount of the aggregate liquid recovered (the amount of organic solvent), the fluorine concentration and the phosphorus concentration in the liquid.
- the recovered aggregate liquid had a fluorine concentration of 39 ppm and a phosphorus concentration of 1 ppm. This suggests that the fluorine compound (LiPF 6 ) contained in the electrolytic solution is decomposed, and almost the entire amount is fixed in the vaporization residue.
- the collected condensate was analyzed by gas chromatography, and it was confirmed that methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol were contained. This suggests that the carbonate of the electrolytic solution was hydrolyzed.
- Lithium ion waste battery (electrolyte content 100mL, weight 122.6g) was vaporized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that sulfuric acid was injected instead of alkali, and the vaporized gas was cooled and condensed. The liquid was collected.
- Table 5 shows the concentration and injection amount of sulfuric acid, the amount of recovered condensate (the amount of organic solvent), the fluorine concentration and the phosphorus concentration in the liquid. As shown in Table 5, the recovered condensate had a fluorine concentration of 20500 ppm and a phosphorus concentration of 1 ppm.
- Example 2 A lithium ion waste battery (electrolyte content: 100 mL, weight: 122.6 g) is vaporized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no alkali or sulfuric acid is injected, the vaporized gas is cooled and condensed, and the condensate Was recovered.
- Table 6 shows the amount of condensed liquid recovered (the amount of organic solvent), the fluorine concentration and the phosphorus concentration in the liquid. As shown in Table 6, the recovered condensate had a fluorine concentration of 3800 ppm and a phosphorus concentration of 5000 ppm.
- Example 5 A commercially available electrolyte solution (100 mL) was placed in a flask, and a 24 wt% NaOH solution was injected therein. At the time of injection, it was visually confirmed that a gas considered to be carbon dioxide generated by the decomposition of the carbonic acid ester in the electrolytic solution was generated. After injecting the NaOH solution, the inside of the flask was decompressed to 20 kPa, heated at 120 ° C. for 2 hours, the vaporized gas was cooled and condensed, and the condensate was recovered. Table 7 shows the concentration and the injection amount of the used NaOH solution, the amount of the condensed liquid recovered (the amount of the organic solvent), the fluorine concentration and the phosphorus concentration in the liquid.
- the recovered condensate had a fluorine concentration of 20 ppm and a phosphorus concentration of 1 ppm. This suggests that the fluorine compound (LiPF 6 ) contained in the electrolytic solution is decomposed, and almost the entire amount is fixed in the vaporization residue.
- the collected condensate was analyzed by gas chromatography, and it was confirmed that methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol were contained. This suggests that the carbonates of the electrolytic solution were decomposed into these. Furthermore, a peak derived from Na 2 CO 3 was confirmed by XRD measurement of the vaporized residual liquid. This suggests that the carbonic acid ester in the electrolytic solution was hydrolyzed to generate CO 2 together with methanol and the like, and this CO 2 reacted with Na in the alkaline solution.
- an electrolyte containing a fluorine compound and an organic solvent can be safely treated.
- the lithium battery containing a fluorine-containing electrolyte solution can be processed safely.
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Abstract
La présente invention concerne un procédé de traitement d'un électrolyte liquide contenant du fluor, au cours duquel: un alkali est ajouté à un électrolyte liquide contenant du fluor de façon à hydrolyser des esters de carbonate dans ledit électrolyte liquide contenant du fluor, le fluor et le phosphore présents dans l'électrolyte liquide contenant du fluor sont fixés, l'électrolyte liquide contenant du fluor est alors chauffé de façon à vaporiser les composants volatils qui s'y trouvent, et un composant de solvant organique est récupéré à partir d'un gaz résultant de la vaporisation desdits composants volatils.
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Cited By (5)
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CN108011146A (zh) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-05-08 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | 废旧锂电池再资源化回收方法 |
CN108923092A (zh) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-30 | 惠州市宙邦化工有限公司 | 一种废旧锂离子电池电解液处理方法 |
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CN108011146B (zh) * | 2017-11-17 | 2021-04-23 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | 废旧锂电池再资源化回收方法 |
CN108923092A (zh) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-30 | 惠州市宙邦化工有限公司 | 一种废旧锂离子电池电解液处理方法 |
JP2022504106A (ja) * | 2018-10-18 | 2022-01-13 | ベーハーエス-ゾントホーフェン ゲーエムベーハー | 使用済み電池をリサイクルするための設備 |
CN110034351A (zh) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-19 | 浙江华友钴业股份有限公司 | 一种废锂离子电池电解液的无害化去除方法 |
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