WO2015033821A1 - 平角電線およびその製造方法並びに電気機器 - Google Patents
平角電線およびその製造方法並びに電気機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015033821A1 WO2015033821A1 PCT/JP2014/072312 JP2014072312W WO2015033821A1 WO 2015033821 A1 WO2015033821 A1 WO 2015033821A1 JP 2014072312 W JP2014072312 W JP 2014072312W WO 2015033821 A1 WO2015033821 A1 WO 2015033821A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/308—Wires with resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
- H01B13/065—Insulating conductors with lacquers or enamels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/302—Polyurethanes or polythiourethanes; Polyurea or polythiourea
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/307—Other macromolecular compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/0009—Details relating to the conductive cores
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/2823—Wires
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F5/00—Coils
- H01F5/06—Insulation of windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
- H02K15/04—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of windings, prior to mounting into machines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/30—Windings characterised by the insulating material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rectangular electric wire mainly for high frequency, which is configured by laminating a plurality of rectangular metal bodies, a method for manufacturing the same, and an electrical device.
- high-frequency rectangular electric wires are used for coils of AC motors and high-frequency electric devices.
- motors for hybrid vehicles (HV) and electric vehicles (EV) they are also used as motors for high-speed railway vehicles.
- a conventional flat electric wire is configured by laminating a rectangular metal body having a square cross section in which an enamel film for insulation or an oxide film is formed on the outer periphery (see, for example, Patent Document 1 or 2).
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and is a flat electric wire, a method for manufacturing the same, and an electric apparatus that enable strong welding in a welding process when assembling a motor while satisfying high-frequency characteristics. Is to provide.
- the flat electric wire of the present invention is formed by forming a layer of a thermosetting resin having a urethane bond having a glass transition temperature of 100 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less on the outer periphery of a flat metal body, A layer of a thermoplastic resin having a melting point of 300 ° C. or higher is provided on the outer periphery of the laminated conductor portion.
- a laminated conductor portion formed by laminating a rectangular metal conductor having a glass transition temperature of 100 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less and having a thermosetting resin layer having a urethane bond on the outer periphery in the thickness direction;
- a flat electric wire characterized by having a thermoplastic resin layer having a melting point of 300 ° C. or more on the outer periphery of the laminated conductor portion.
- thermosetting resin A flat electric wire comprising: a laminated conductor portion formed by laminating formed surfaces; and a second thermoplastic resin layer having a melting point of 300 ° C. or more on an outer periphery of the laminated conductor portion.
- thermosetting resin is polyurethane.
- thermoplastic resin is a resin selected from the group consisting of polyaryletherketone, modified polyetheretherketone, and thermoplastic polyimide. .
- a thickness of a baking application layer formed by baking and coating the thermosetting resin is 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- a laminated conductor portion is formed by laminating a rectangular metal conductor formed on the outer periphery by baking and coating a thermosetting resin layer having a urethane bond having a glass transition temperature of 100 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less in a thickness direction.
- a method for producing a rectangular electric wire comprising a step of forming and a step of covering the outer periphery of the laminated conductor part with a layer of a thermoplastic resin having a melting point of 300 ° C. or higher.
- a laminated conductor portion formed by laminating a rectangular metal conductor having a thermosetting resin layer having a urethane bond having a glass transition temperature of 100 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less on the outer periphery in the thickness direction;
- An electric device comprising a flat electric wire provided with a thermoplastic resin layer having a melting point of 300 ° C. or more on an outer periphery of a conductor portion.
- the flat electric wire of the present invention by selecting a thermosetting resin having a urethane bond having a glass transition temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower, it is possible to have an effect of suppressing loss at high frequencies. At the same time, it can be easily welded without generating soot when it is welded. According to the method for manufacturing a rectangular electric wire of the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a rectangular electric wire excellent in high frequency characteristics and easy to weld. According to the electric device of the present invention, since the flat electric wire is excellent in weldability, it is possible to provide an electric device with high reliability of electric wire connection and excellent high frequency characteristics.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of a flat electric wire in which a layer of a thermoplastic resin is formed on a laminated conductor portion.
- the flat electric wire 1 is configured by laminating a flat metal conductor (also referred to as a metal conductor) 2 having a rectangular cross section with a thermosetting resin layer 11 formed on the outer periphery in the thickness direction.
- the laminated conductor portion 3 is provided.
- a layer 21 of a thermoplastic resin having a melting point of 300 ° C. or higher is provided on the outer periphery of the laminated conductor portion 3.
- the layer 11 of the heat effective resin is a thermosetting resin having a urethane bond having a glass transition temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower.
- the flat electric wire 1 having such a configuration can be easily welded without generating soot in the welding process while having the effect of suppressing loss at high frequencies.
- the flat metal conductor 2 in the flat electric wire As the flat metal conductor 2 in the flat electric wire 1, those used in conventional flat electric wires can be used.
- the flat metal conductor 2 is preferably a low oxygen copper or oxygen free copper conductor having an oxygen content of 30 ppm or less.
- the flat metal conductor 2 has an oxygen content of 30 ppm or less, when the flat metal conductor 2 is melted by heat for welding, voids due to oxygen contained in the welded portion are not generated. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent the electrical resistance of the welded portion from deteriorating and to maintain the strength of the welded portion.
- the layer formed on the outer periphery of the metal conductor 2 in the flat electric wire 1 has a glass transition temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower, and is formed of a thermosetting resin layer 11 made of a thermosetting resin having a urethane bond.
- thermosetting resin include polyurethane varnish and heat-resistant solder varnish manufactured by Tohoku Paint Co., Ltd.
- the thermoplastic resin layer 21 formed on the outer periphery of the metal conductor 2 has a thickness of 60 ⁇ m in order to reduce the number of times of passing through a baking furnace and prevent deterioration of the baking coating layer as much as possible, and to develop characteristics at high frequencies. The following is sufficient. Further, considering that the moldability of the laminated conductor portion 3 is obtained, the thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer 21 is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 15 ⁇ m or less. On the other hand, there are no particular limitations on the thickness so long as pinholes do not occur in order to exhibit characteristics at high frequencies and to obtain insulation between metal conductors. That is, the thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer 21 is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 3 ⁇ m or more.
- the baking layer of the thermosetting resin can be formed by preferably applying and baking the above-described resin varnish of the thermosetting resin on the metal conductor 2 a plurality of times.
- the method for applying the resin varnish may be an ordinary method, for example, a method using a varnish application die having a shape similar to the shape of the metal conductor 2, and if the cross-sectional shape of the metal conductor 2 is a quadrilateral, it is formed in a cross-beam shape.
- the metal conductor 2 coated with these resin varnishes is baked in a baking furnace by a conventional method. Specific baking conditions depend on the shape of the furnace used. For example, a natural convection type vertical furnace of about 5 m can be achieved by setting the passage time at 400 to 500 ° C. to 10 to 90 seconds.
- thermosetting resin layer 11 of curable resin may be applied and formed. In this case, it is possible to obtain a desired configuration by masking the surfaces other than those necessary for coating and coating the varnish only on the necessary one surface 2S. Then, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), a flat conductor made of the metal conductor 2 on which the thermosetting resin layer 11 is formed is laminated in a plurality of layers via the thermosetting resin layer 11, and the laminated conductor portion. 3 is formed. In the drawing, as an example, a laminated conductor portion 3 laminated in three layers is shown. Further, similarly to the above, the rectangular electric wire 1 is configured by forming the thermoplastic resin layer 21 on the outer periphery of the laminated conductor portion 3.
- the number of layers on which the metal conductor 2 is laminated is preferably 2 or more and 6 or less. If the number of layers is two, the loss amount at a sufficiently high frequency can be expected, and the loss amount is further reduced as the number of layers increases. If the number of layers to be stacked is 7 or more, the loss amount at high frequency can be expected to be reduced by the number of layers. However, it is conceivable that a sufficient loss cannot be expected because the proportion of the insulating member increases and the filling rate of the metal conductor decreases. Furthermore, it is difficult to stack the layers with no deviation from seven layers or more. From the above, it can be said that the number of stacked layers is realistic up to 6 layers or less.
- the longer side of the flat metal conductor 2 is the width and the shorter side is the thickness, there is no problem whether it is stacked in either the width or thickness direction.
- the longer side of the flat metal conductor 2 is contacted and laminated in the thickness direction.
- the outer peripheral layer of the laminated conductor portion 3 in the flat electric wire 1 has high adhesion strength with the laminated conductor portion 3, and at least one layer is provided outside the laminated conductor portion 3.
- the number of layers may be one layer or a plurality of layers.
- the outer peripheral layer of the laminated conductor portion 3 is the thermoplastic resin layer 21 and is an extrusion-moldable thermoplastic resin.
- This thermoplastic resin preferably has a melting point of 300 ° C. or higher, in addition to heat aging characteristics, in addition to excellent adhesion strength and solvent resistance between the laminated conductor part and the outer peripheral layer of the laminated conductor part, and 330 More preferably, the temperature is higher than or equal to ° C.
- the upper limit of the melting point of the thermoplastic resin is preferably 450 ° C. or less.
- the melting point of the thermoplastic resin can be measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
- the thermoplastic resin preferably has a relative dielectric constant of 4.5 or less, and more preferably 4.0 or less, in that the partial discharge start voltage can be further increased. This relative dielectric constant can be measured with a commercially available dielectric constant measuring apparatus. The measurement temperature and frequency are changed as necessary. In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, values are measured at 25 ° C. and 50 Hz.
- the thermoplastic resin layer 21 has high adhesion strength with the laminated conductor portion 3, and is provided in at least one or more layers outside the laminated conductor portion 3.
- thermoplastic resin examples include polyetheretherketone (PEEK), modified polyetheretherketone (modified-PEEK), thermoplastic polyimide (TPI), polyamide having an aromatic ring (referred to as aromatic polyamide), polyketone (PK) and the like.
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- modified-PEEK modified polyetheretherketone
- TPI thermoplastic polyimide
- PAEK polyether ether ketone
- PAEK polyether ether ketone
- PEK thermoplastic resin containing polyether ketone
- an aromatic ring typified by polyether ether ketone, an ether bond, and a ketone bond
- a modified polyetheretherketone obtained by mixing polyetheretherketone with another thermoplastic resin is used.
- at least one thermoplastic resin selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyimide is used.
- thermoplastic resins a thermoplastic resin having a melting point of 300 ° C. or higher and 450 ° C. or lower, and preferably a relative dielectric constant of 4.5 or lower is used.
- One thermoplastic resin may be used alone, or two or more thermoplastic resins may be used. In the case of mixing two or more kinds and there are two or more melting points, a melting point of 300 ° C. or more may be included.
- the modified polyether ether ketone is, for example, a mixture obtained by adding polyphenyl sulfone to polyether ether ketone, and polyphenyl sulfone has a lower mixing ratio than polyether ether ketone.
- the thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer 21 which is an extrusion coating resin layer is preferably 40 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less in order to realize the effects of the invention. If the thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer 21 that forms the outer peripheral layer of the laminated conductor portion 3 is too thick, the thermoplastic resin layer 21 itself is rigid, so that the flexibility as the flat electric wire 1 is poor. On the other hand, the thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer 21 is preferably 40 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of preventing insulation failure.
- the extrusion temperature condition when extruding the thermoplastic resin is appropriately set according to the thermoplastic resin used.
- the extrusion temperature is set to a temperature about 40 ° C. to 60 ° C. higher than the melting point in order to obtain a melt viscosity suitable for extrusion coating.
- the thermoplastic resin layer 21 which is an extrusion coating resin layer is formed by extrusion molding in which the temperature is set.
- the insulating layer that is, the thermoplastic resin layer 21 is formed without growing the thickness of the oxide film layer of the metal conductor 2. There is an advantage that the thickness can be increased.
- the flat electric wire 1 has the laminated conductor portion 3 and the thermoplastic resin layer 21 on the outer periphery thereof in close contact with each other with high adhesive strength.
- the adhesive strength between the laminated conductor 3 and the outer peripheral thermoplastic resin layer 21 is, for example, the same as the 5.2 elongation test in JIS C 3216-3 Winding Test Method-Part 3 Mechanical Properties The test piece after stretching is visually inspected for floating.
- the flat electric wire in this preferred embodiment is excellent in heat aging characteristics.
- This heat aging characteristic is an index for maintaining reliability that the insulation performance does not deteriorate for a long time even when used in a high temperature environment.
- JIS C 3216-3 Winding Test Method-Part 3 Mechanical Characteristics Wrapped in accordance with the 5-1 winding test are used.
- the presence or absence of cracks occurring in the thermoplastic resin layer 21 (the outer peripheral layer of the laminated conductor portion) after leaving it in a 190 ° C. high-temperature bath for 1000 hours is visually evaluated.
- the rectangular electric wire in this preferred embodiment can maintain the heat aging characteristics even when used in a high temperature environment or after standing for a longer period of time, for example, 1500 hours.
- the heat aging characteristics can be evaluated as excellent when cracks in the thermoplastic resin layer 21 cannot be confirmed and there is no abnormality. Even if the rectangular electric wire 1 in this preferred embodiment is 1000 hours as well as 1500 hours, no cracks can be confirmed in the thermoplastic resin layer 21, excellent heat aging characteristics, and even when used in a high temperature environment. Reliability can be maintained for a longer period of time.
- JIS C 3216-3 Winding Test Method-Part 3 Mechanical Properties Wrapped in accordance with the 5-1 winding test are used. This can be performed by visually observing the surface of the layer 21 of the thermoplastic resin after being immersed in a solvent for 10 seconds.
- three types of solvents, acetone, xylene and styrene, are used as the solvent, and the temperature is room temperature and 150 ° C. (The sample is heated at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes and then immersed in the solvent in a hot state. 2). And when there is no abnormality in the surface of the layer 21 of thermoplastic resin, it can be evaluated that it is very excellent.
- the rectangular electric wire 1 in this preferred embodiment has any abnormality on the surface of the thermoplastic resin layer 21 regardless of any solvent of acetone, xylene, and styrene, and at normal temperature and 150 ° C. Absent.
- the rectangular electric wire of the present invention may have a configuration in which the laminated conductor portions 3 are arranged in a plurality of rows horizontally and covered with a layer 21 of a thermoplastic resin. Even in a multi-row configuration, the same characteristics as in the case of a single row can be obtained.
- the above-described flat electric wire 1 of the present invention is preferably applied to a coil constituting a motor of a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle as an example of an electric device.
- a coil constituting a motor of a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle for example, it can be used for a winding forming a stator coil of a rotating electrical machine (motor) as described in JP-A-2007-259555.
- the configuration in which the rectangular electric wires are laminated as in the present invention has an advantage that current loss is small even in a high frequency region, and this is advantageous as the output of electric motors and hybrid vehicles increases.
- thermosetting resin layer 11 which is the outer peripheral layer of the copper metal conductor 2
- a polyurethane varnish is applied to the metal conductor 2 using a die having a shape similar to that of the metal conductor 2.
- Toku Paint Co., Ltd., trade name TPU5243, glass transition point (Tg) 115 ° C. was used.
- a polyurethane enamel wire (UEW) layer having a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m was formed by this single baking process.
- a polyurethane enameled wire (UEW) layer having a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m was formed by adjusting the varnish concentration, and a metal conductor 2 having a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m was obtained.
- thermoplastic resin layer 21 was provided on the outer periphery by extrusion molding.
- L / D 20
- a compression ratio of 3 were used.
- Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) was used as the thermoplastic resin, and the extrusion temperature conditions were in accordance with Table 1.
- PEEK Solvay Specialty Polymers, trade name: KetaSpire KT-820, relative dielectric constant 3.1, melting point 343 ° C. was used.
- C1, C2, and C3 in Table 1 indicate cylinder temperatures in the extruder, and indicate temperatures in three zones in order from the resin charging side. H indicates the temperature of the head portion, and D indicates the temperature of the die portion.
- the laminated conductor part 3 was covered with the polyether ether ketone by extrusion using an extrusion die, and then allowed to stand for 10 seconds and then cooled with water. And the layer 21 (refer FIG. 1) of the thermoplastic resin of thickness 105 micrometers was formed in the outer periphery of the laminated conductor part 3, and the flat electric wire 1 (refer FIG. 1) was obtained.
- Examples 2, 4, 5, 6 The thicknesses of the thermosetting resin layer 11 (see FIG. 1) and the thermoplastic resin layer 21 (see FIG. 1) were changed to the thicknesses shown in Table 2. Otherwise, the rectangular electric wire 1 (see FIG. 1) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 7 A modified polyetheretherketone was used in place of the polyetheretherketone for the thermoplastic resin layer 21 (see FIG. 1).
- modified-PEEK manufactured by Solvay Specialty Polymers, trade name: AvaSpire AV-650, relative dielectric constant 3.1, melting point 340 ° C. was used. Otherwise, the rectangular electric wire 1 (see FIG. 1) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. At that time, the extrusion temperature conditions at the time of extrusion molding of the thermoplastic resin were in accordance with Table 1.
- Example 8 The same modified polyether ether ketone as in Example 7 was used in place of the polyether ether ketone for the thermoplastic resin layer 21 (see FIG.
- thermosetting resin layer 11 (see FIG. 1) was set to the thickness shown in Table 2. Except for these, a rectangular electric wire 1 (see FIG. 1) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. At that time, the extrusion temperature conditions at the time of extrusion molding of the thermoplastic resin were in accordance with Table 1, as in Example 1.
- Example 1 except that the type of polyurethane varnish of the thermosetting resin layer 11 (see FIG. 1) was changed and the thickness of the polyether ether ketone layer of the thermoplastic resin layer 21 (see FIG. 1) was changed. Thus, a flat electric wire 1 (see FIG. 1) was obtained. Extrusion temperature conditions were performed according to Table 1. As the polyurethane varnish, a product made by Tohoku Paint Co., Ltd., trade name TSF242, glass transition point (Tg) 195 ° C. was used. (Examples 13 and 14) The same flat metal conductor as in Example 1 was used.
- the thickness of the thermosetting resin layer is set to the thickness shown in Table 2, the metal conductors coated with the thermosetting resin layer are laminated in two layers, and the two layers are arranged to form a laminated conductor portion.
- the thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer was set to the thickness shown in Table 2. Except for these, a rectangular electric wire was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 15 The thermosetting resin layer 11 (see FIG. 2) was applied to only one surface 2S in the width direction of the metal conductor 2 and baked. Other than those, a rectangular electric wire was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3.
- Example 16 The thermosetting resin layer 11 (see FIG. 2) was applied to only one surface 2S in the width direction of the metal conductor 2 and baked. Except for these, a rectangular electric wire was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4.
- thermosetting resin layer 11 (see FIG. 1), respectively.
- Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS, manufactured by DIC, trade name: FZ-2100, relative dielectric constant 3.4, melting point 280 ° C.) was used for the thermoplastic resin layer 21.
- a rectangular electric wire was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the thermosetting resin layer 11 and the thermoplastic resin layer 21 (see FIG. 1) were changed to the thicknesses shown in Table 2.
- the thermosetting resin layer is H-type polyester, and the thicknesses of the thermosetting resin layer 11 (see FIG. 1) and the thermoplastic resin layer 21 (see FIG.
- thermosetting resin layer 11 was 58 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer 21 (see FIG. 1) was as shown in Table 2. Except for these, a rectangular electric wire was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the thermosetting resin layer 11 was formed into a layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m or 6 ⁇ m by one baking process.
- thermosetting resin layer was made of polyurethane enamel wire and H-type polyester, respectively, and the thickness was changed to the thickness shown in Table 2.
- a flat electric wire was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Comparative Example 9 a rectangular electric wire was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only a thermoplastic resin layer was formed without forming a thermosetting resin layer.
- the electric wire terminal was welded by generating arc discharge under the conditions of a welding current of 30 A and a welding time of 0.1 second. It was determined that welding was possible when a welding ball was formed at the end of the electric wire, and welding was impossible when the welding ball was not able to flow. Moreover, when black soot generate
- Heat aging resistance A straight wire was prepared and heat-treated at a constant temperature of 300 ° C. The pass / fail of the electric wire was determined by the time when the crack occurred on the electric wire surface. That means (1) Heat treatment was performed at a constant temperature of 300 ° C., and “A” was determined as excellent when cracks could not be confirmed on the surface of the electric wire after heating for 600 hours. (2) Heat treatment was performed at a constant temperature of 300 ° C., and cracks were generated on the surface of the electric wire after heating for 600 hours, but no crack was confirmed on the surface of the electric wire after heating for 400 hours. .
- the heat treatment time is 400 hours and 600 hours.
- the polyphenylene sulfide-coated wire cannot be evaluated for heat aging resistance regardless of time because the polyphenylene sulfide melts when evaluated at 300 ° C.
- thermosetting resin layer on the outer periphery of the metal conductor is a thermosetting resin having a urethane bond having a glass transition temperature of 100 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less, and the thickness of the layer is 0. It was 5 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the layer of the thermoplastic resin on the outer periphery of the laminated conductor part is a thermoplastic resin having a melting point of 300 ° C. or higher, and has a film structure formed with a thickness of 40 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less.
- thermosetting resin layer on the outer periphery of the laminated conductor when the thermoplastic resin layer on the outer periphery of the laminated conductor is extrusion-coated with polyphenylene sulfide resin, heat aging resistance is not expected. Further, from Comparative Examples 2, 3, 4, and 8, when the thermosetting resin layer on the outer periphery of the metal conductor was H-type polyester, soot was generated and weldability was not excellent. Further, from Comparative Example 5, when the number of layers was 7, it was not successfully laminated in the thickness direction. Moreover, from the comparative example 6, when the thickness of the thermosetting resin layer on the outer periphery of the metal conductor was 58 ⁇ m, lamination was similarly difficult.
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Abstract
Description
(1)ガラス転移温度が100℃以上200℃以下でありウレタン結合を持つ熱硬化性樹脂の層を外周に形成した平角金属導体を厚さ方向に積層して構成された積層導体部と、前記積層導体部の外周に融点が300℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂の層とを有することを特徴とする平角電線。
(2)ガラス転移温度が100℃以上200℃以下でありウレタン結合を持つ熱硬化性樹脂の層を平角金属導体の1面にのみ形成し得られた平角線を、熱硬化性樹脂の層を形成した面を積層することで構成された積層導体部と、前記積層導体部の外周に融点が300℃以上の第2熱可塑性樹脂の層とを有することを特徴とする平角電線。
(3)前記熱硬化性樹脂がポリウレタンである(1)または(2)に記載の平角電線。
(4)前記熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリアリールエーテルケトン、変性ポリエーテルエーテルケトンおよび熱可塑性ポリイミドからなる群より選択される樹脂である(1)から(3)のいずれか1項に記載の平角電線。
(5)前記平角金属導体を厚さ方向に積層する総数が2層以上6層以下である(1)から(4)のいずれか1項に記載の平角電線。
(6)前記熱硬化性樹脂を焼き付け塗装してなる焼付塗布層の厚さが0.5μm以上50μm以下である(1)から(5)のいずれか1項に記載の平角電線。
(7)ガラス転移温度が100℃以上200℃以下のウレタン結合を持つ熱硬化性樹脂の層を焼き付け塗装により外周に形成した平角金属導体を厚さ方向に複数層に積層して積層導体部を形成する工程と、前記積層導体部の外周を融点が300℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂の層で被覆する工程を有することを特徴とする平角電線の製造方法。
(8)ガラス転移温度が100℃以上200℃以下のウレタン結合を持つ熱硬化性樹脂の層を外周に形成した平角金属導体を厚さ方向に積層して構成された積層導体部と、前記積層導体部の外周に融点が300℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂の層とを備えた平角電線を有することを特徴とする電気機器。
本発明の平角電線の製造方法によれば、高周波特性に優れた溶接しやすい平角電線の製造方法を提供することができる。
本発明の電気機器によれば、平角電線が溶接性に優れていることから電線接続の信頼性が高く、高周波特性に優れた電気機器を提供することができる。
図1に示すように、平角電線1は、熱硬化性樹脂の層11を外周に形成した矩形状の断面を有する平角金属導体(金属導体ともいう)2を厚さ方向に積層して構成された積層導体部3を有する。さらにその積層導体部3の外周に融点が300℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂の層21を有する。熱可効果樹脂の層11はガラス転移温度が100℃以上200℃以下のウレタン結合を持つ熱硬化性樹脂である。このような構成を有する平角電線1は、高周波における損失量抑制の効果を持ち合わせながら、溶接工程においてススを発生させることがなく溶接しやすさを兼ね備えることができる。
上記平角電線1における平角金属導体2としては、従来の平角電線で用いられているものを使用することができる。平角金属導体2として、好ましくは、酸素含有量が30ppm以下の低酸素銅または無酸素銅の導体が挙げられる。平角金属導体2として酸素含有量が30ppm以下であれば、平角金属導体2を溶接するために熱で溶融させた場合、溶接部分に含有酸素に起因するボイドの発生がない。さらに、溶接部分の電気抵抗が悪化することを防止するとともに溶接部分の強度を保持することができる。
平角電線1における金属導体2の外周に形成される層は、ガラス転移温度が100℃以上200℃以下であり、ウレタン結合を持つ熱硬化性樹脂からなる熱硬化性樹脂の層11で形成される。熱硬化性樹脂には、例えば、東特塗料株式会社製ポリウレタンワニスや耐熱ソルダブルワニスが挙げられる。上記熱硬化性樹脂は、ガラス転移温度が低すぎると耐熱老化性が低くなり、高すぎると溶接性が低くなるとともに電線の可とう性に乏しくなる問題を生じる。
また、積層する方向は、平角金属導体2の辺の長い方を幅、辺の短い方を厚さとすると、幅、厚さのどちら方向に積層しても問題はない。好ましくは平角金属導体2の辺の長い方を接触させ、厚さ方向に積層させる方が好ましい。
上記平角電線1における積層導体部3の外周の層は、積層導体部3との密着強度が高く、積層導体部3の外側に少なくとも1層設けられる。その層数は、1層であっても複数層であってもよい。
積層導体部3の外周の層は上記熱可塑性樹脂の層21であり、押出成形可能な熱可塑性樹脂である。この熱可塑性樹脂は、耐熱老化特性に加えて、積層導体部と積層導体部の外周の層との接着強度及び耐溶剤性にも優れる点で、融点が300℃以上であることが好ましく、330℃以上であることがさらに好ましい。熱可塑性樹脂の融点の上限は、450℃以下であるが好ましい。熱可塑性樹脂の融点は、示差走査熱量分析(DSC)により、測定することができる。
この熱可塑性樹脂は、部分放電開始電圧をより一層高くできる点で、比誘電率が4.5以下であるのが好ましく、4.0以下であるのがさらに好ましい。この比誘電率は市販の誘電率測定装置で測定することができる。測定温度、周波数については、必要に応じて変更するものであるが、本明細書においては、特に記載の無い限り、25℃、50Hzにおいて測定した値である。
上記熱可塑性樹脂の層21は、積層導体部3との密着強度が高く、積層導体部3の外側に少なくとも1層または複数層に設けられる。
上記熱可塑性樹脂には、ポリエーテルケトン(PEK)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトンに代表される芳香環、エーテル結合、ケトン結合を含む熱可塑性樹脂であるポリアリールエーテルケトン(PAEK)を用いる。もしくは、ポリエーテルエーテルケトンに他の熱可塑性樹脂を混合した変性ポリエーテルエーテルケトンを用いる。または、熱可塑性ポリイミドからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の熱可塑性樹脂を使用する。これらの熱可塑性樹脂の中から、融点が300℃以上450℃以下で、好ましくは比誘電率が4.5以下である熱可塑性樹脂を用いる。熱可塑性樹脂は1種単独でもよく、2種以上を用いてもよい。2種以上混合の場合で融点が2種類以上存在する場合は300℃以上の融点を含めばよい。また、上記変性ポリエーエルエーテルケトンは、例えば、ポリエーテルエーテルケトンにポリフェニルサルホンを添加した混合物であり、ポリフェニルサルホンはポリエーテルエーテルケトンより混合率が低い。
本実施形態において、耐熱老化特性は、熱可塑性樹脂の層21の亀裂が確認できず、異常がない場合に優れたものと評価できる。この好適な実施態様における平角電線1は、1000時間はもちろん、1500時間であっても、熱可塑性樹脂の層21に亀裂が確認できず、耐熱老化特性に優れ、高温の環境で使用されてもより一層長期間にわたって信頼性を保つことができる。
0.85×3.2mm(厚さ×幅)で四隅の面取り半径r=0.3mmの酸素含有量15ppmの銅からなる平角金属導体2(図1参照)を準備した。銅の金属導体2の外周の層となる熱硬化性樹脂の層11(図1参照)の形成に際しては、金属導体2の形状と相似形のダイスを使用して、ポリウレタンワニスを金属導体2へコーティングした。ポリウレタンワニスには東特塗料製、商品名TPU5243、ガラス転移点(Tg)115℃を用いた。そして、450℃に設定した炉長8mの焼付炉内を、焼き付け時間15秒となる速度で通過させた。この1回の焼き付け工程で厚さ0.5μmのポリウレタンエナメルワイヤ(UEW)層を形成した。ワニス濃度を調整することで厚さ0.5μmのポリウレタンエナメルワイヤ(UEW)層を形成し、被膜厚さ0.5μmの金属導体2を得た。
熱硬化性樹脂の層11(図1参照)および熱可塑性樹脂の層21(図1参照)のそれぞれの厚さを表2に示す厚さに変更した。それ以外は実施例1と同様にして平角電線1(図1参照)を得た。
0.141×3.2mm(厚さ×幅)で四隅の面取り半径r=0.3mmの酸素含有量15ppmの銅からなる平角金属導体を準備する。そして、熱硬化性樹脂の層および熱可塑性樹脂の層の厚さを表2に示す厚さにし、積層数を6層にした以外は、実施例1と同様にして平角電線を得た。
熱可塑性樹脂の層21(図1参照)を、ポリエーテルエーテルケトンに代えて変性ポリエーテルエーテルケトンを用いた。変性ポリエーテルエーテルケトンには、modified-PEEK、ソルベイスペシャリティポリマーズ社製、商品名:アバスパイアAV-650、比誘電率3.1、融点340℃を用いた。それ以外は実施例1と同様にして平角電線1(図1参照)を得た。その際、熱可塑性樹脂の押出成形時の押出温度条件は表1に従った。
(実施例8)
熱可塑性樹脂の層21(図1参照)を、ポリエーテルエーテルケトンに代えて実施例7と同じ変性ポリエーテルエーテルケトンを用いた。熱硬化性樹脂の層11(図1参照)の厚さを表2に示す厚さにした.それら以外は実施例2と同様にして平角電線1(図1参照)を得た。その際、熱可塑性樹脂の押出成形時の押出温度条件は実施例1と同様に、表1に従った。
熱硬化性樹脂の層11(図1参照)のポリウレタンワニスの種類を代え、熱可塑性樹脂の層21(図1参照)のポリエーテルエーテルケトン層の厚さを代えた以外は実施例1と同様にして平角電線1(図1参照)を得た。押出温条件は表1に従って行った。ポリウレタンワニスは東特塗料製、商品名TSF242、ガラス転移点(Tg)195℃を用いた。
(実施例13、14)
実施例1と同様の平角金属導体を用いた。また、熱硬化性樹脂の層の厚さを表2に示す厚さにして、熱硬化性樹脂の層を被覆した金属導体を2層に積層し、それを2列に配して積層導体部を作製した。さらに、熱可塑性樹脂の層の厚さを表2に示す厚さにした。それら以外は、実施例1と同様にして平角電線を得た。
(実施例15) 金属導体2の幅方向の1面2Sのみに、熱硬化性樹脂の層11(図2参照)を塗布して、焼付けした。それら以外は、実施例3と同様にして平角電線を得た。 (実施例16) 金属導体2の幅方向の1面2Sのみに、熱硬化性樹脂の層11(図2参照)を塗布して、焼付けした。それら以外は、実施例4と同様にして平角電線を得た。
比較例1、2は、熱硬化性樹脂の層11(図1参照)にそれぞれポリウレタンエナメルワイヤ、H種ポリエステル(HPE)を用いた。そして、熱可塑性樹脂の層21にポリフェニレンスルフィド(PPS、DIC製、商品名:FZ-2100、比誘電率3.4、融点280℃)を用いた。そして、熱硬化性樹脂の層11および熱可塑性樹脂の層21(図1参照)の厚さを表2に示す厚さにした以外は実施例1と同様にして平角電線を得た。
比較例3、4は、熱硬化性樹脂の層をH種ポリエステルとし、熱硬化性樹脂の層11(図1参照)および熱可塑性樹脂の層21(図1参照)の厚さを表2に示す厚さにした。それら以外は、実施例1と同様にして平角電線を得た。
比較例5は、積層する層数を7層とし、熱硬化性樹脂の層の厚さを表2に示す厚さにした以外は、実施例1と同様にして平角電線を得た。
比較例6は、熱硬化性樹脂の層11(図1参照)の厚さを58μmとし、熱可塑性樹脂の層21(図1参照)の厚さを表2に示す厚さにした。それら以外は、実施例1と同様にして平角電線を得た。熱硬化性樹脂の層11は、1回の焼き付け工程で厚さ5μmもしくは6μmの層を形成した。これを繰り返し11回行うことで厚さ58μmの層を形成した。
比較例7、8は、熱可塑性樹脂の層は形成しないで、熱硬化性樹脂の層をそれぞれ、ポリウレタンエナメルワイヤ、H種ポリエステルにして、厚さを表2に示す厚さにした以外は、実施例1と同様にして平角電線を得た。
比較例9は、熱硬化性樹脂の層は形成しないで、熱可塑性樹脂の層のみ形成した以外は、実施例1と同様にして平角電線を得た。
電線端末に対して、溶接電流を30A、溶接時間を0.1秒の条件で、アーク放電を発生させて溶接を行った。電線端末に溶接玉ができあがると溶接可能、溶接玉ができずに流れてしまうと溶接不可と判定した。また、溶接した箇所周辺に黒色のススが発生した場合も溶接不可と判定した。つまり
図3(a)に示すように、平角電線1の溶接した箇所周辺の色目の変化がなくかつ平角電線1の端末に溶接玉5が出来上がった場合に、優れているとして「A」と判定した。
図3(b)に示すように、平角電線1の溶接した箇所周辺にスス6が発生するものの平角電線1の端末に溶接玉5は出来上がった場合に、良として「B」と判定した。
図3(c)に示すように、平角電線1の溶接した箇所周辺の色目の変化がなく平角電線1の端末に溶接玉が出来ない場合に、劣るとして「C」と判定した。
図3(d)に示すように、平角電線1の溶接した箇所周辺にスス6が発生し、平角電線1の端末に溶接玉が出来ない場合に、不可として「D」と判定した。
上記評価の合格の基準は「A」及び「B」とした。
直状の電線を準備し、300℃の一定温度で加熱処理を行った。電線表面に亀裂が発生する時間により電線の合否を判定した。つまり、
(1)300℃の一定温度で加熱処理し、600時間加熱後の電線表面に亀裂が確認できない場合に、優れているとして「A」と判定した。
(2)300℃の一定温度で加熱処理し、600時間加熱後の電線表面に亀裂が発生するが400時間加熱後の電線表面には亀裂が確認できない場合に、良として「B」と判定した。
(3)300℃の一定温度で加熱処理し、400時間加熱後の電線表面に亀裂が発生するが100時間加熱後の電線表面には亀裂が確認できない場合に、劣るとして「C」と判定した。
(4)300℃の一定温度で加熱処理し、100時間加熱後の電線表面に亀裂が発生する場合に、不可として「D」と判定した。
合格の基準は「A」及び「B」とした。
上記耐熱老化性の評価では、300℃での評価の場合、400時間の熱処理時間で、ポリエーテルエーテルケトンの有無を見出せる。ポリエーテルエーテルケトン被覆線は亀裂が発生せず、エナメル被覆線は亀裂が発生する。例えば800時間以上の場合、どの線でも亀裂が発生し、100時間ではポリフェニレンスルフィド以外は差が出ない。そのため、一つの条件として熱処理時間は400時間と600時間を挙げた。なお、ポリフェニレンスルフィド被覆線は300℃の評価ではポリフェニレンスルフィドが融解するため、時間によらず耐熱老化性の評価はできない。
1000Hz、2.16A、138Vrmsの条件において、交流磁界発生装置を作動させ、50mTの交流磁界を発生させた。試料を磁界中にセットすると渦電流による発熱が生じる。この時の発熱量を測定し、電流損失(W)とした。積層なしの導体上にポリエーテルエーテルケトン樹脂を押出被覆した平角電線の電流損失量W0を上記の通り計算した。
各試料の電流損失量WとW0との比率が0.8以下(損失量の抑制率が20%以上)の場合に良好と判定して「B」と表した。さらに上記の比率が0.4以下(損失量の抑制率が60%以上)の場合に優れていると判定して「A」と表した。一方、上記の比率が0.8より大きい(損失量の抑制率が20パッド未満)の場合に劣ると判定して「D」と表した。
P=EIcosΦ ただし、Φ=tan-1(Ls・2πf/Rs)
E(V):入力時電圧実測値
Ls(H):インダクタンス実測値
I(A):入力時電流実測値
Rs(Ω):抵抗実測値
である。
積層導体部の上に熱可塑性樹脂を押出被覆して形成した平角電線について、断面をカットし観察した。傾きやズレなく積層できているかを確認した。傾きについては積層させる方向に対して角度がついていないことを確認した。また、ズレについては厚さ方向に積層させる場合は、幅の長さの1/3の長さ以上のズレが、隣り合う導体だけでなく最もズレが大きい導体同士についても、ないことを確認した。このような傾きやズレが幅の長さの1/3n長さ未満の場合を許容範囲内であると判定して「A」、「B」または「C」と表し、上記のような傾きやズレがある場合を劣っていると判定して「D」と表した。つまり、
図4(a)に示すように、積層導体部3を構成する平角線4を厚さ方向に積層させる場合、最もズレの大きい平角線4の幅方向のズレが、幅Wの1/10未満の長さである場合に、優れているとして「A」と判定した。
図4(b)に示すように、積層導体部3を構成する平角線4を厚さ方向に積層させる場合、最もズレの大きい平角線4の幅方向のズレが、幅Wの1/10以上1/5未満の長さである場合に、良として「B」と判定した。
図4(c)に示すように、積層導体部3を構成する平角線4を厚さ方向に積層させる場合、最もズレの大きい平角線4の幅方向のズレが、幅Wの1/5以上1/3未満の長さである場合に、許容範囲内であるとして「C」と判定した。
図4(d)に示すように、積層導体部3を構成する平角線4を厚さ方向に積層させる場合、最もズレの大きい平角線4の幅方向のズレが、幅Wの1/3以上の長さである場合に、劣るとして「D」と判定した。
合格の基準は「A」、「B」及び「C」判定とした。
これに対し、比較例1、2から、積層導体部の外周の熱可塑性樹脂の層がポリフェニレンスルフィド樹脂で押出被覆した場合は、耐熱老化性が見込ない。また、比較例2、3、4、8から、金属導体の外周の熱硬化性樹脂の層がH種ポリエステルの場合は、ススが発生し溶接性が優れなかった。また比較例5から、積層数が7層であると厚さ方向にうまく積層されなかった。また、比較例6から、金属導体の外周の熱硬化性樹脂の層の厚さが58μmの場合も同様に積層が困難であった。比較例7から、積層導体部の外周がなく、ポリウレタンエナメルワイヤ層のみである場合、耐熱老化性が見込めなかった。さらに、比較例9から、金属導体の外周の層がなく、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン樹脂のみ押出被覆した平角電線では、高周波特性が見込めないことがわかった。
2 平角金属導体(金属導体)
3 積層導体部
11 熱硬化性樹脂の層
21 熱可塑性樹脂の層
Claims (8)
- ガラス転移温度が100℃以上200℃以下でありウレタン結合を持つ熱硬化性樹脂の層を外周に形成した平角金属導体を厚さ方向に積層して構成された積層導体部と、前記積層導体部の外周に融点が300℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂の層とを有することを特徴とする平角電線。
- ガラス転移温度が100℃以上200℃以下でありウレタン結合を持つ熱硬化性樹脂の層を平角金属導体の1面にのみ形成し得られた平角線を、熱硬化性樹脂の層を形成した面を積層することで構成された積層導体部と、前記積層導体部の外周に融点が300℃以上の第2熱可塑性樹脂の層とを有することを特徴とする平角電線。
- 前記熱硬化性樹脂がポリウレタンである請求項1または2に記載の平角電線。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂層が、ポリアリールエーテルケトン、変性ポリエーテルエーテルケトンおよび熱可塑性ポリイミドからなる群より選択される樹脂である請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の平角電線。
- 前記平角金属導体を厚さ方向に積層する総数が2層以上6層以下である請求項1から44のいずれか1項に記載の平角電線。
- 前記熱硬化性樹脂を焼き付け塗装した焼付塗布層の厚さが0.5μm以上50μm以下である請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の平角電線。
- ガラス転移温度が100℃以上200℃以下のウレタン結合を持つ熱硬化性樹脂の層を焼き付け塗装により外周に形成した平角金属導体を厚さ方向に複数層に積層して積層導体部を形成する工程と、前記積層導体部の外周を融点が300℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂の層で被覆する工程を有することを特徴とする平角電線の製造方法。
- ガラス転移温度が100℃以上200℃以下のウレタン結合を持つ熱硬化性樹脂の層を外周に形成した平角金属導体を厚さ方向に積層して構成された積層導体部と、前記積層導体部の外周に融点が300℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂の層とを備えた平角電線を有することを特徴とする電気機器。
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EP14842115.9A EP3043355A4 (en) | 2013-09-06 | 2014-08-26 | Flat electric wire, manufacturing method thereof, and electric device |
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JPWO2015033821A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
US10319491B2 (en) | 2019-06-11 |
CN105580089A (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
JP6325550B2 (ja) | 2018-05-16 |
TWI639167B (zh) | 2018-10-21 |
EP3043355A1 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
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US20160189824A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
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