WO2015005380A1 - 高電圧発生装置およびx線発生装置 - Google Patents
高電圧発生装置およびx線発生装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015005380A1 WO2015005380A1 PCT/JP2014/068293 JP2014068293W WO2015005380A1 WO 2015005380 A1 WO2015005380 A1 WO 2015005380A1 JP 2014068293 W JP2014068293 W JP 2014068293W WO 2015005380 A1 WO2015005380 A1 WO 2015005380A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H02M7/10—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
- H02M7/103—Containing passive elements (capacitively coupled) which are ordered in cascade on one source
- H02M7/106—With physical arrangement details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
- H05G1/08—Electrical details
- H05G1/10—Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube
- H05G1/12—Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube with dc or rectified single-phase ac or double-phase
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-voltage generator that generates a high potential and applies it between two output terminals, and an X-ray generator using the high-voltage generator.
- the input voltage of the X-ray tube of the medical X-ray generator is DC 100 kV or higher, and the high voltage generator used for the X-ray generator needs to generate this DC voltage.
- a high voltage generator used for a medical X-ray generator is often a Cockcroft-Walton circuit.
- the problem is described as “realize thinning. Facilitate manufacture”, and the solution means “the printed circuit board (1) can accommodate the body of the diode (Da).
- the insertion hole ( ⁇ ) is formed, the body of the diode (Da) is fitted into the insertion hole ( ⁇ ) from the surface side of the printed circuit board (1), and the lead wire of the diode (Da) is the surface of the printed circuit board (1).
- the capacitor is also soldered to the land pattern (R) on the surface of the printed circuit board (1).
- Patent Document 1 The technique described in Patent Document 1 is effective for downsizing the Cockcroft-Walton circuit.
- downsizing and thinning may have a trade-off relationship with insulation reliability.
- discharge due to a high electric field is generated when the connection part of each component protrudes in an edge shape, so that each electronic component constituting itself has sufficient voltage resistance and insulation reliability. Therefore, there is a risk of lack of insulation reliability.
- the present invention provides a high voltage generator that suppresses the occurrence of discharge from the connecting portion of each component to ensure insulation reliability, and enables downsizing of the entire device, and the high voltage generator. It is an object to provide an X-ray generator used.
- connection part of each electronic component In order to solve the above problems, for example, it is important to improve the arrangement position and structure of the connection part of each electronic component.
- a plurality of capacitors having terminal electrodes at both ends are connected in series.
- the connecting portion to which two capacitors adjacent in series are electrically connected is arranged so as not to protrude from the first space between the end electrode of one capacitor and the end electrode of the other capacitor. .
- One end of the diode is electrically connected to the connection portion.
- the invention of the X-ray generator is characterized by comprising the high voltage generator.
- the present invention in a high-voltage generator and an X-ray generator using the high-voltage generator, it is possible to suppress the generation of discharge from the connection portion of each component and ensure insulation reliability.
- the entire apparatus can be downsized.
- X-ray tubes are roughly classified into an anode ground type in which the cathode has a negative potential and an anode in ground potential, and a neutral point ground type in which the cathode has a negative potential and the anode has a positive potential.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1G when connected to an anode grounded X-ray tube 5 and an X-ray generator 10 using these.
- the X-ray generator 10 includes a Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1G, which is a high voltage generator, and an anode grounded X-ray tube 5.
- the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1G is supplied with AC power from an AC power supply 4 and applies a high potential difference between the anode and the cathode of the X-ray tube 5.
- the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1G includes capacitors 2a-1 to 2a-4 connected in series, capacitors 2b-1 to 2b-4 connected in series, diodes 3a-1 to 3a-4, and diodes 3b-1 to 3b-4.
- capacitors 2a-1 to 2a-4 and the capacitors 2b-1 to 2b-4 may be simply referred to as capacitors 2.
- diodes 3a-1 to 3a-4 and the diodes 3b-1 to 3b-4 are not particularly distinguished, they may be simply referred to as the diode 3.
- Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1G has a configuration in which ladder circuits L1 to L4 including two capacitors 2 and two diodes 3 are connected in four stages in series. Since each of the ladder circuits L1 to L4 steps down the AC voltage to twice the peak value, a very low negative voltage can be applied to the applied AC voltage to obtain a high potential difference.
- the ladder circuit L1 includes capacitors 2a-1 and 2b-1 and diodes 3a-1 and 3b-1.
- One end of the AC power supply 4 is connected to one end of the capacitor 2a-1, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor 2b-1 and the cathode of the diode 3a-1, and is further grounded.
- the anode of the diode 3a-1 is connected to the other end of the capacitor 2a-1 and the cathode of the diode 3b-1.
- the anode of the diode 3b-1 is connected to the other end of the capacitor 2b-1.
- the ladder circuit L2 includes capacitors 2a-2 and 2b-2 and diodes 3a-2 and 3b-2. One end of the capacitor 2b-2 is connected to the other end of the capacitor 2b-1 of the ladder circuit L1. A negative voltage four times the peak value of the AC voltage is applied to the other end of the capacitor 2b-2.
- the ladder circuit L3 includes capacitors 2a-3 and 2b-3 and diodes 3a-3 and 3b-3. One end of the capacitor 2b-3 is connected to the other end of the capacitor 2b-2 of the ladder circuit L2. A negative voltage 6 times the peak value of the AC voltage is applied to the other end of the capacitor 2b-3.
- the ladder circuit L4 includes capacitors 2a-4 and 2b-4 and diodes 3a-4 and 3b-4.
- One end of the capacitor 2b-4 is connected to the other end of the capacitor 2b-3 of the ladder circuit L3.
- a negative voltage 8 times the peak value of the AC voltage is applied to the other end of the capacitor 2b-4.
- the other end of the capacitor 2b-4 is an output end of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1G and is connected to the cathode of the X-ray tube 5 to apply a negative high potential.
- the anode of the X-ray tube 5 is grounded.
- the AC power supply 4 is connected to the capacitor 2 and the diode 3 connected in a ladder shape, and a high potential difference is applied to the X-ray tube 5 to generate X-rays.
- the number of stages of the ladder circuits L1 to L4 is not limited to four, and may be an arbitrary number.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1H when connected to a neutral point grounded X-ray tube 5A and an X-ray generator 10A using these.
- the X-ray generator 10A includes a Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1H and a neutral-grounded X-ray tube 5A.
- the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1H is supplied with AC power from the AC power supply 4 and applies a high potential difference to the X-ray tube 5A.
- the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1H includes capacitors 2a-1, 2a-2 connected in series, capacitors 2b-1, 2b-2 connected in series, capacitors 2c-1, 2c-2 connected in series, Connected capacitors 2d-1, 2d-2, diodes 3a-1, 3a-2, diodes 3b-1, 3b-2, diodes 3c-1, 3c-2, and diodes 3d-1 to 3d- 2 are provided.
- the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1H has a configuration in which a two-stage ladder circuit L1A, L2A composed of two capacitors 2 and two diodes 3 is connected in series to an AC power source 4-1, and the cathode of the X-ray tube 5A. Apply a negative high potential.
- the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1H further comprises an anode of the X-ray tube 5A by connecting the AC power source 4-2 to a two-stage ladder circuit L3A, L4A composed of two capacitors 2 and two diodes 3 in series. A positive high potential is applied to.
- the ladder circuit L1A includes capacitors 2a-1 and 2b-1 and diodes 3a-1 and 3b-1. One end of the capacitor 2b-1 is grounded and the other end is applied with a negative voltage twice the peak value of the AC voltage.
- the ladder circuit L2A includes capacitors 2a-2 and 2b-2 and diodes 3a-2 and 3b-2. The other end of the capacitor 2b-1 is connected to one end of the capacitor 2b-2. A negative voltage four times the peak value of the AC voltage is applied to the other end of the capacitor 2b-2.
- the ladder circuit L3A includes capacitors 2c-1 and 2d-1 and diodes 3c-1 and 3d-1.
- One end of the AC power supply 4-2 is connected to one end of the capacitor 2d-1, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor 2c-1 and the anode of the diode 3c-1, and is further grounded.
- the other end of the capacitor 2d-1 is connected to the cathode of the diode 3c-1 and the anode of the diode 3d-1.
- the cathode of the diode 3d-1 is connected to the other end of the capacitor 2c-1.
- the ladder circuit L4A includes capacitors 2c-2 and 2d-2 and diodes 3c-2 and 3d-2.
- the other end of the capacitor 2c-1 is connected to one end of the capacitor 2c-2.
- a positive voltage four times the peak value of the AC voltage is applied to the other end of the capacitor 2c-2.
- the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1H can apply a voltage that is eight times the peak value of the AC voltage between the anode and the cathode of the X-ray tube 5A.
- the AC power supplies 4-1 and 4-2 are respectively connected to the capacitor 2 and the diode 3 connected in a ladder shape, and X-rays can be generated by applying a high voltage to the X-ray tube 5A. .
- FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a part of the printed circuit board 6 constituting the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1J of the first comparative example.
- the cockcroft-Walton circuit 1J of the first comparative example is configured in the same manner as the cockcroft-Walton circuit 1G shown in FIG.
- the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1J is configured by forming land patterns 72a-1 to 72a-3 and land patterns 72b-1 to 72b-3 on a printed circuit board 6.
- land patterns 72a-1 to 72a-3 and the land patterns 72b-1 to 72b-3 may be simply referred to as land patterns 72.
- the printed circuit board 6 is further provided with a notch 61.
- the end electrodes 22 of the capacitor 2a-2 are electrically connected to the land patterns 72a-1 and 72a-2 via the solder 71.
- the capacitor 2 is a surface mount type chip capacitor.
- the lead wire 31 at one end of the diode 3b-1 is electrically connected to the land pattern 72a-1 by solder 71.
- the lead wire 31 at the other end of the diode 3b-1 is electrically connected to the land pattern 72b-1 by solder 71.
- Each diode 3 is inserted into the notch 61 of the printed circuit board 6, and the thickness of the printed circuit board 6 after component mounting can be reduced. Therefore, the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1J can be configured to be thin and small.
- the other land patterns 72a-2, 72a-3, 72b-2, 72b-3 are similarly configured.
- the land pattern 72 of the first comparative example has a thickness of several tens of ⁇ m, and when a high voltage is applied, a high electric field is generated at the apex or the edge of the land pattern 72 and discharge may occur. Even if the diodes 3b-1 to 3b-3 and the diodes 3a-2 and 3a-3 are inserted into the cutout portion 61 of the substrate, the structure of the diode 3 has no effect of relaxing the electric field around the land pattern 72, There is a risk of lack of insulation reliability.
- FIGS. 13A and 13B are cross-sectional views showing the electrical connection structure of the film capacitor or ceramic capacitor of the second comparative example.
- FIG. 13A is a structural sectional view in which both lead wires 21 are directly connected.
- FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view of a structure in which both lead wires 21 are connected via the printed circuit board 6.
- each of the capacitors 2a-1 and 2a-2 has a dielectric 24 sandwiched between electrodes 23.
- the capacitors 2a-1 and 2a-2 are simply referred to as a capacitor 2.
- the electrodes 23 of the capacitor 2 are electrically connected to end electrodes 22 provided at both ends.
- the lead wires 21 provided in the capacitors 2 a-1 and 2 a-2 are bent and connected by solder 71 at a position far from the capacitor 2.
- the lead wire 21 is not limited to soldering, and may be electrically connected by terminal connection or screw connection. With this structure, the distance between the capacitors 2a-1 and 2a-2 can be reduced, so that the entire device can be reduced in size, and the lead wire 21 can be connected by any method such as soldering, terminal connection, and screw connection. Good connection workability.
- connection portion 7 protrudes in an edge shape, when a high potential difference is applied to the lead wire 21, a high electric field is generated at the apex portion or the edge of the edge shape connection portion 7 and discharge occurs. May occur. As a result, this structure may lack insulation reliability.
- Capacitors 2a-1 and 2a-2 shown in FIG. 13B are configured in the same manner as in FIG. In order to connect the capacitor 2a-1 and the capacitor 2a-2, the lead wire 21 provided in the capacitor 2a-1 and the lead wire 21 provided in the capacitor 2a-2 are respectively bent. Both lead wires 21 are electrically connected by solder 71 at a land pattern 72 formed on the printed circuit board 6 at a position far from the capacitor 2. Similar to the example shown in FIG. 13A, this structure can reduce the distance between the capacitors 2a-1 and 2a-2, so that the entire apparatus can be reduced in size and the lead wire 21 by soldering can be used. The connection workability is good.
- connection portion 7 protrudes in an edge shape, and the edge portion 73 is formed at the end of the land pattern 72. Therefore, when a high potential difference is applied to the lead wire 21, the connection in the edge shape is performed. There is a possibility that a high electric field is generated at the apex portion of the portion 7 or the edge portion 73 and discharge is generated. As a result, this structure may lack insulation reliability.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a partial configuration of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1 according to the first embodiment.
- a cockcroft-Walton circuit 1 shown in FIG. 1 shows a part of a specific structure of the cockcroft-Walton circuit 1G shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the series connection of the capacitors 2a-1 to 2a-4 of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1.
- capacitors 2a-1 to 2a-4 constituting the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1 which is a high voltage generator have end electrodes 22 at both ends and are connected in series. It is generally arranged in a straight line.
- the capacitors 2b-1 to 2b-4 constituting the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1 have end electrodes 22 at both ends, are connected in series, and are arranged substantially linearly.
- Each capacitor 2 is a film capacitor.
- Capacitors 2a-1 to 2a-4 and each diode 3 are electrically connected to connection portions 7a-1 to 7a-3, respectively.
- one capacitor 2a-1 is electrically connected to the other capacitor 2a-2 adjacent in series therewith.
- the anode of the diode 3a-1 and the cathode of the diode 3b-1 are electrically connected to the connecting portion 7a-1.
- Each diode 3 is a semiconductor rectifier.
- connection portion 7a-2 one capacitor 2a-2 is electrically connected to the other capacitor 2a-3 adjacent in series therewith. Further, the anode of the diode 3a-2 and the cathode of the diode 3b-2 are electrically connected to the connecting portion 7a-2. In the connection portion 7a-3, one capacitor 2a-3 is electrically connected to the other capacitor 2a-4 adjacent in series therewith. Further, the anode of the diode 3a-3 and the cathode of the diode 3b-3 are electrically connected to the connecting portion 7a-3. Similarly, the capacitors 2b-1 to 2b-4 and the diodes 3 are electrically connected to the connection portions 7b-1 to 7b-3, respectively.
- connection portions 7a-1 to 7a-3 and the connection portions 7b-1 to 7b-3 are not particularly distinguished, they may be simply referred to as the connection portion 7.
- connection part 7 of 1st Embodiment is electrically connected by soldering.
- the connection can be preferably made by a crimp terminal or screw fastening.
- Each capacitor 2 is a film capacitor. These Cockcroft-Walton circuits 1 are covered with a solid insulator such as epoxy resin.
- connection portion 7a-1 is formed by the end electrode 22 of one capacitor 2a-1 and the end electrode 22 of the other capacitor 2a-2 adjacent in series with this.
- the first space 9 is arranged so as not to protrude.
- the end electrode 22 of one capacitor 2a-1 and the end electrode 22 of the other capacitor 2a-2 adjacent in series with each other have the same potential, and the electric field is zero in the first space 9.
- the reason why the electric field between the capacitors 2 can be made zero in this way is because the capacitor 2 includes the end electrodes 22 at both ends.
- the diode 3 does not have such an end structure and cannot form a space where the electric field is zero.
- connection portion 7a-1 Even if there is a protrusion or the like in the connection portion 7a-1, no electric field is generated and no discharge is generated. Since the other connection portions 7a-2 and 7a-3 and the connection portions 7b-1 to 7b-3 shown in FIG. 1A are similarly configured, the occurrence of discharge can be suppressed. Therefore, the insulation reliability of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1 can be ensured, and the entire apparatus can be downsized.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing a partial configuration of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1 in a modification of the first embodiment.
- a cockcroft-Walton circuit 1 shown in FIG. 2 shows a part of a specific structure of the cockcroft-Walton circuit 1G shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1.
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the series connection of the capacitors 2a-1 to 2a-4 of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1.
- each capacitor 2 of the modification of the first embodiment includes a male screw 74 at one end and a female screw 75 at the other end.
- Each diode 3 has a crimp terminal 76 crimped to the lead wire 31.
- the male screw 74 of one capacitor 2a-1 is fastened to the female screw 75 of the other capacitor 2a-2 adjacent in series therewith.
- the crimping terminal 76 provided on the anode of the diode 3a-1 and the crimping terminal 76 provided on the cathode of the diode 3b-1 are sandwiched between the male screw 74 and the female screw 75, whereby the connecting portion 7a-1 Is electrically connected.
- capacitors 2a-2 to 2a-4 and each diode 3 are electrically connected to the connection portion 7a-2 and the connection portion 7a-3, respectively.
- Capacitors 2b-1 to 2b-4 and each diode 3 are electrically connected to connection portions 7b-1 to 7b-3, respectively.
- connection portion 7a-1 is formed by the end electrode 22 of one capacitor 2a-1 and the end electrode 22 of the other capacitor 2a-2 adjacent in series with the end electrode 22. It is arranged so as to be included in the first space 9. Since the end electrode 22 of the capacitor 2a-1 and the end electrode 22 of the other capacitor 2a-2 adjacent in series have the same potential, the electric field is zero in the first space 9. Therefore, even if there is a protrusion or the like in the connection portion 7a-1, no electric field is generated and no discharge is generated.
- connection portion 7a-2 is included in the first space 9 formed by the end electrode 22 of one capacitor 2a-2 and the end electrode 22 of the other capacitor 2a-3 adjacent in series with the connection portion 7a-2.
- connection portion 7a-3 is also included in the first space 9 formed by the end electrode 22 of one capacitor 2a-3 and the end electrode 22 of the other capacitor 2a-4 adjacent in series with the connection portion 7a-3.
- the connecting portion 7 electrically connects the diode 3 by sandwiching the crimp terminal 76 between the male screw 74 and the female screw 75 and fastening the male screw 74 and the female screw 75. Therefore, the soldering work is unnecessary, and the workability when manufacturing the apparatus can be improved.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing a partial configuration of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1A in the second embodiment.
- a cockcroft-Walton circuit 1A shown in FIG. 3 shows a part of a specific structure of the cockcroft-Walton circuit 1G shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3A is a perspective view of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1A.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the series connection of the capacitors 2a-1 to 2a-4 of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1A.
- a capacitor 2 and a diode 3 are mounted on a printed board 6.
- This printed circuit board 6 has a notch 62 formed therein, and capacitors 2a-1 to 2a-4 and capacitors 2b-1 to 2b-4 are fitted therein.
- the capacitors 2a-1 to 2a-4 have end electrodes 22 (see FIG. 1A) at both ends, are connected in series, and are arranged substantially linearly.
- the capacitors 2b-1 to 2b-4 have end electrodes 22 (see FIG. 1A) at both ends, and are similarly connected and arranged.
- one end of the capacitor 2a-1, one end of the capacitor 2a-2, the anode of the diode 3a-1, and the cathode of the diode 3b-1 are land patterns 72 on the printed circuit board 6.
- the connection portion 7a-1 is configured by being electrically connected by the solder 71.
- the other connecting portions 7 are similarly configured. Since each land pattern 72 is as thin as several tens of ⁇ m, if an electric field is generated around the land pattern 72, there is a possibility that electric discharge is generated from the end portion.
- the land pattern 72 constituting the connecting portion 7a-1 is inserted into the lead wire 21 of one capacitor 2a-1 and the lead wire 21 of the other capacitor 2a-2 adjacent in series with the solder 71. Connected.
- the land pattern 72 constituting the connection portion 7a-1 is formed by the end electrode 22 of one capacitor 2a-1 and the end electrode 22 of the other capacitor 2a-2 adjacent in series with the first electrode 2a-1. It is included in the space 9 and arranged so as not to protrude.
- the end electrode 22 of the capacitor 2a-1 and the end electrode 22 of the capacitor 2a-2 adjacent thereto in series are at the same potential, and the electric field in the first space 9 is zero.
- FIG. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing the printed circuit board 6 of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1A in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4A is a perspective view showing the surface of the printed circuit board 6.
- FIG. 4B is a perspective view showing the back surface of the printed circuit board 6.
- the printed board 6 has a notch 62 and a hole 63 for fitting the capacitor 2 respectively.
- the hole 63 is drilled for inserting the lead wire 21 of the capacitor 2, the lead wire of the diode 3, or the like.
- land patterns 72 are formed on the back surface of the printed circuit board 6 corresponding to the positions of the holes 63 (see FIG. 4A).
- each capacitor 2 is fitted in the notch 62, the lead wire 21 of the capacitor 2 and the lead wire 31 of the diode 3 are inserted into the hole 63, and the land pattern 72 on the back surface is soldered. Attach.
- the connection part 7 is comprised by the solder 71 and the land pattern 72, and each capacitor
- a notch 62 is provided on the printed circuit board 6, and the capacitor 2 is disposed so as to be fitted into the notch 62. Therefore, the connection part 7 is arrange
- FIGS. 5A to 5C are diagrams showing an end configuration of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1B in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is a perspective view of the end portion of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1B.
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view in the vicinity of the connection portion 7B having the largest potential difference.
- FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view in the vicinity of the connecting portion 7A having the next largest potential difference.
- connection portion 7B is a second connection portion that electrically connects the capacitor 2b-4, the anode of the diode 3b-4, and the high-voltage output cable 8, and includes the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1B. This is the part where the potential difference is the largest.
- the connection portion 7A is a third connection portion in the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1B that has the second largest potential difference after the connection portion 7B, and the cathode of the diode 3b-4 and the capacitor 2a-4 are electrically connected.
- the diode 3b-4 has an anode connected to the connection portion 7B of the second connection portion and a cathode connected to the connection portion 7A which is the third connection portion.
- the second space 9B in which the electric field is almost zero is formed.
- the connecting portion 7B is disposed so as not to protrude from the second space 9B. Since the electric field around the connection portion 7B is close to zero, the connection portion 7B is less likely to cause discharge or the like.
- the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1B is covered with a solid insulator such as an epoxy resin, as in the first embodiment.
- the high voltage output cable 8 has a conductor covered with an insulator.
- the covering material of the high-voltage output cable 8 desirably has a higher dielectric constant or conductivity than the covering material of the entire Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1B. Moreover, it is desirable that the curvature of the cross section of the high-voltage output cable 8 is smaller than that of the connecting portions 7A and 7B.
- FIGS. 6A to 6D are diagrams showing an end configuration of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1C according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 6A is a perspective view of the end surface of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1C.
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view in the vicinity of the connection portion 7B having the largest potential difference.
- FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view in the vicinity of the connection portion 7A having the next largest potential difference.
- FIG. 6D is a perspective view of the rear surface of the end of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1C.
- a plurality of notches 62 are formed on the surface of the printed circuit board 6 of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1C of the fourth embodiment.
- Capacitors 2a-2 to 2a-4 and capacitors 2b-2 to 2b-4 are fitted into the notch 62, respectively.
- the printed circuit board 6 is mounted with capacitors 2a-2 to 2a-4 and capacitors 2b-2 to 2b-4.
- the printed circuit board 6 is further mounted with diodes 3a-2 to 3a-4 and diodes 3b-2 to 3b-4.
- a high voltage output cable 8 is electrically connected in the vicinity of the printed circuit board 6 to which one end of the capacitor 2b-4 and the anode of the diode 3b-4 are connected.
- the entire Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1C is covered with a solid insulator such as epoxy resin as in the first to third embodiments.
- the high-voltage output cable 8 has a conductor covered with an insulator.
- the connecting portion 7B includes a land pattern 72B and solder 71.
- the connection portion 7B is a second connection portion that electrically connects the capacitor 2a-4, the anode of the diode 3b-4, and the high-voltage output cable 8, and is the portion where the potential difference is the largest in the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1C.
- the land pattern 72B is a second land pattern that electrically connects the high-voltage output cable 8 and the capacitor 2a-4.
- the land pattern 72B and the connection portion 7B are disposed so as not to protrude from the second space 9B between the end electrode 22 of the capacitor 2b-4 and the high-voltage output cable 8.
- the connecting portion 7B is disposed between the end electrode 22 of the capacitor 2b-4 having the same potential and the high-voltage output cable 8. Therefore, the connection portion 7B has a surrounding electric field close to zero and is less likely to cause discharge.
- the connecting portion 7A includes a land pattern 72A and solder 71.
- the connecting portion 7A is a portion of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1C where the potential difference is the second largest after the connecting portion 7B, and electrically connects the capacitor 2a-4 and the cathode of the diode 3b-4.
- the land pattern 72A is a third land pattern in which a diode 3b-4 having one end connected to the land pattern 72B, which is a second land pattern, and a capacitor 2a-4 are electrically connected.
- the land pattern 72A and the connecting portion 7A are arranged so as not to protrude from the third space 9A between the end electrode 22 of the capacitor 2a-4 and the high-voltage output cable 8. .
- the connecting portion 7A is disposed between the end electrode 22 of the capacitor 2a-4 having the same potential and the high-voltage output cable 8 having a similar potential. Therefore, the electric field around the connecting portion 7A is extremely low, and it is difficult for discharge to occur. As a result, the insulation reliability of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1C can be ensured, and the entire apparatus can be downsized.
- a plurality of notches 62 and land patterns 72, 72A, 72B are formed on the back surface of the printed circuit board 6 of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1C of the fourth embodiment.
- Capacitors 2a-2 to 2a-4 and capacitors 2b-2 to 2b-4 are fitted into the notch 62, respectively.
- Capacitors 2a-2 to 2a-4 and capacitors 2b-2 to 2b-4 are mounted on printed circuit board 6 and electrically connected by land pattern 72.
- the land pattern 72 is electrically connected to diodes 3a-2 to 3a-4 and diodes 3b-2 to 3b-4 shown in FIG. 6A.
- the land pattern 72B is formed at one end of the capacitor 2b-4, and one end of the capacitor 2b-4, the high-voltage output cable 8, and the anode of the diode 3b-4 are electrically connected to each other to connect the connection portion 7B (FIG. 6 (b)).
- the land pattern 72A is formed at one end of the capacitor 2a-4, and one end of the capacitor 2a-4 and the cathode of the diode 3b-4 are electrically connected to each other, so that the connection portion 7A (see FIG. 6C). Configure.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing a partial configuration of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1D in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 7A is a perspective view of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1D.
- FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of the series connection of the capacitors 2a-1 to 2a-4 of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1D.
- the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1D according to the fifth embodiment has a configuration similar to that of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1 according to the first embodiment,
- the metal plates 77a-1 to 77a-3 are electrically connected to 7a-3, and the metal plates 77b-1 to 77b-3 are electrically connected to the connection portions 7b-1 to 7b-3, respectively.
- the metal plates 77a-1 to 77a-3 and the metal plates 77b-1 to 77b-3 are not particularly distinguished, they may be simply referred to as the metal plate 77.
- each metal plate 77 is included in the first space 9 formed by the end electrode 22 of the capacitor 2 adjacent to the metal plate 77 in series so as not to protrude. Be placed.
- the metal plate 77a-1 is included in the first space 9 formed by the end electrode 22 of one capacitor 2a-1 and the end electrode 22 of the other capacitor 2a-2 adjacent in series with this.
- the metal plate 77 preferably has the same shape as the end electrode 22 of the capacitor 2 or is smaller than the end electrode 22.
- the metal plate 77 may be either a thin plate or a thick plate, and preferably has a shape having no edge on the outer periphery. As an electrical connection method between the metal plate 77 and the connection portion 7, soldering, a crimp terminal, screw tightening, and the like are preferable.
- the metal plate 77 has the same potential as the end electrodes 22 arranged on both sides thereof.
- the electric field is zero in the space between the metal plate 77 and the end electrode 22. Therefore, even when the end electrodes 22 of the capacitors 2 adjacent in series are separated from each other, a space with an electric field of zero can be formed, and no discharge is generated from the connection portion 7. Therefore, insulation reliability can be ensured and the entire apparatus can be reduced in size.
- FIGS. 8A to 8C are diagrams showing an end configuration of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1E in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 8A is a perspective view of an end portion of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1E.
- FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view in the vicinity of the connection portion 7B having the largest potential difference.
- FIG. 8C is a cross-sectional view in the vicinity of the connecting portion 7A having the next largest potential difference.
- the connecting portion 7B is a second connecting portion that electrically connects the capacitor 2b-4, the anode of the diode 3b-4, and the high-voltage output cable 8, and includes the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1E. This is the part where the potential difference is the largest.
- a metal plate 77B is electrically connected to the connecting portion 7B.
- the connection portion 7A is a third connection portion that electrically connects the capacitor 2a-4 and the cathode of the diode 3b-4, and is a portion of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1E where the potential difference is next to the connection portion 7B. is there.
- a metal plate 77A is electrically connected to the connecting portion 7A.
- the diode 3b-4 has an anode connected to the connection portion 7B of the second connection portion and a cathode connected to the connection portion 7A which is the third connection portion.
- a second space 9B in which the electric field is almost zero is formed.
- the metal plate 77B and the connecting portion 7B are arranged so as not to protrude from the second space 9B.
- the connection portion 7B is sandwiched between the metal plate 77B and the end electrode 22 of the capacitor 2b-4, and since the surrounding electric field is close to zero, discharge and the like are further less likely to occur.
- a third space 9A having an extremely low electric field is formed.
- the connecting portion 7A and the metal plate 77A are arranged so as not to protrude from the third space 9A. Since the electric field around the metal plate 77A is extremely low, it is difficult for discharge to occur.
- the connecting portion 7A is sandwiched between the metal plate 77A and the end electrode 22 of the capacitor 2a-4, and since the surrounding electric field is close to zero, the discharge and the like are further less likely to occur. Therefore, the insulation reliability of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1E can be ensured, and the entire apparatus can be downsized.
- FIGS. 9A to 9D are diagrams showing the end configuration of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1F in the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 9A is a perspective view of the end surface of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1F.
- FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view in the vicinity of the connection portion 7B having the largest potential difference.
- FIG. 9C is a cross-sectional view in the vicinity of the connection portion 7A having the next largest potential difference.
- FIG. 6D is a perspective view of the rear surface of the end portion of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1F.
- the surface of the substrate 6 of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1F of the seventh embodiment is configured similarly to the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 6A.
- a metal plate 77B is further disposed in the vicinity of the printed circuit board 6 to which the high voltage output cable 8 is electrically connected.
- a metal plate 77A is further disposed in the vicinity of the printed circuit board 6 where one end of the capacitor 2a-4 and the cathode of the diode 3b-4 are electrically connected.
- the entire Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1F is covered with a solid insulator such as an epoxy resin, as in the fourth embodiment.
- the high-voltage output cable 8 has a conductor covered with an insulator.
- connection portion 7B includes a land pattern 72B and solder 71, and is further electrically connected to the metal plate 77B.
- the connection portion 7B is a second connection portion that electrically connects the capacitor 2a-4, the anode of the diode 3b-4, and the high-voltage output cable 8, and is the portion where the potential difference is the largest in the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1F. .
- the metal plate 77B is disposed so as not to protrude from the second space 9B between the end electrode 22 of the capacitor 2b-4 having the same potential and the high-voltage output cable 8. Therefore, it becomes difficult to generate a discharge or the like on the metal plate 77B.
- the connection portion 7B composed of the land pattern 72B and the solder 71 is disposed between the end electrode 22 of the capacitor 2b-4 having the same potential and the metal plate 77B. Therefore, the connection portion 7B has a surrounding electric field close to zero and is less likely to cause discharge.
- the connecting portion 7A includes a land pattern 72A and solder 71, and is further electrically connected to the metal plate 77A.
- the connecting portion 7A is a portion of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1F where the potential difference becomes the second largest after the connecting portion 7B, and electrically connects the capacitor 2a-4 and the cathode of the diode 3b-4.
- the metal plate 77A is disposed so as not to protrude from the third space 9A between the end electrode 22 of the near potential capacitor 2a-4 and the high voltage output cable 8. Therefore, the metal plate 77A has a very low ambient electric field, and is less likely to generate discharge.
- the connecting portion 7A including the land pattern 72A and the like is disposed between the end electrode 22 of the capacitor 2a-4 having the same potential and the metal plate 77A having the same potential. Therefore, the electric field around the connecting portion 7A is zero, and the connecting portion 7A is less likely to generate a discharge or the like. Therefore, the insulation reliability of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1F can be ensured, and the entire apparatus can be downsized.
- the back surface of the printed circuit board 6 of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit 1F of the seventh embodiment is configured in the same manner as in the fourth embodiment shown in FIG.
- a metal plate 77B is disposed and electrically connected to the land pattern 72B formed on the back surface of the printed circuit board 6.
- a metal plate 77A is disposed and electrically connected to the land pattern 72A formed on the back surface of the printed circuit board 6.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and includes various modifications.
- the above-described embodiment has been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and is not necessarily limited to the one having all the configurations described.
- a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment.
- the above-described configurations, functions, processing units, processing means, etc. may be partially or entirely realized by hardware such as an integrated circuit.
- Each of the above-described configurations, functions, and the like may be realized by software by a processor interpreting and executing a program that realizes each function.
- Information such as programs, tables, and files for realizing each function may be stored in a recording device such as a memory, a hard disk, an SSD (Solid State Drive), or a recording medium such as a flash memory card or a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk). it can.
- control lines and information lines indicate what is considered necessary for the explanation, and not all control lines and information lines on the product are necessarily shown. In practice, it may be considered that almost all the components are connected to each other. Examples of modifications of the present invention include the following (a) to (d).
- the capacitor 2 constituting the Cockcroft-Walton circuit is not limited to a film capacitor, and a ceramic capacitor or the like can be suitably used.
- the insulator covering the Cockcroft-Walton circuit is not limited to a solid insulator such as epoxy resin, but may be covered with a liquid insulator such as insulating oil or a gas insulator such as sulfur hexafluoride gas. Furthermore, it may be covered with a plurality of solid insulators, liquid insulators, and gas insulators.
- the high-voltage output cable 8 is not limited to a conductor in which an insulator is coated, but may be a conductor in which a semiconductor is coated or only a conductor.
- the Cockcroft-Walton circuit of the present invention is not limited to the X-ray generator, and may be used in charged particle accelerators, electron microscopes, electrostatic precipitators, electrostatic coating machines, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
X線管は、大別して、陰極が負電位、陽極が接地電位である陽極接地型と、陰極が負電位、陽極が正電位である中性点接地型に分類される。
図10に示すように、X線発生装置10は、高電圧発生装置であるコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Gと、陽極接地型のX線管5とを備えている。コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Gは、交流電源4によって交流電力の供給を受けて、X線管5の陽極と陰極との間に、高い電位差を印加するものである。コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Gは、直列接続されたコンデンサ2a-1~2a-4と、直列接続されたコンデンサ2b-1~2b-4と、ダイオード3a-1~3a-4と、ダイオード3b-1~3b-4とを備えている。
ラダー回路L3は、同様にコンデンサ2a-3,2b-3と、ダイオード3a-3,3b-3とで構成される。コンデンサ2b-3の一端には、ラダー回路L2のコンデンサ2b-2の他端が接続される。コンデンサ2b-3の他端には、交流電圧のピーク値の6倍の負電圧が印加される。
このように交流電源4を、はしご状に接続したコンデンサ2とダイオード3に接続し、高電位差をX線管5に印加することにより、X線を発生させることができる。なお、ラダー回路L1~L4の段数は、4段に限定されず、任意の段数であってもよい。
図11に示すように、X線発生装置10Aは、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Hと、中性点接地型のX線管5Aとを備えている。コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Hは、交流電源4によって交流電力の供給を受けて、X線管5Aに高い電位差を印加するものである。コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Hは、直列接続されたコンデンサ2a-1,2a-2と、直列接続されたコンデンサ2b-1,2b-2と、直列接続されたコンデンサ2c-1,2c-2と、直列接続されたコンデンサ2d-1,2d-2と、ダイオード3a-1,3a-2と、ダイオード3b-1,3b-2と、ダイオード3c-1,3c-2と、ダイオード3d-1~3d-2とを備えている。
ラダー回路L2Aは、同様にコンデンサ2a-2,2b-2と、ダイオード3a-2,3b-2とで構成される。コンデンサ2b-2の一端には、コンデンサ2b-1の他端が接続される。コンデンサ2b-2の他端には、交流電圧のピーク値の4倍の負電圧が印加される。
ラダー回路L4Aは、ラダー回路L3Aと同様にコンデンサ2c-2,2d-2と、ダイオード3c-2,3d-2とで構成される。コンデンサ2c-2の一端には、コンデンサ2c-1の他端が接続される。コンデンサ2c-2の他端には、交流電圧のピーク値の4倍の正電圧が印加される。
図12は、第1の比較例のコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Jを構成するプリント基板6の一部を示す平面図である。
各ダイオード3は、プリント基板6の切欠部61に挿入されており、プリント基板6の部品実装後の厚みを薄くできる。よって、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Jを薄型かつ小型に構成することができる。他のランドパターン72a-2,72a-3,72b-2,72b-3も同様に構成されている。
ダイオード3b-1~3b-3や、ダイオード3a-2,3a-3を基板の切欠部61に挿入したとしても、ダイオード3の構造上、ランドパターン72周囲での電界を緩和する作用はなく、絶縁信頼性に欠ける虞がある。
図13(a),(b)は、第2の比較例のフィルムコンデンサまたはセラミックコンデンサの電気的接続構造を示す断面図である。図13(a)は、両リード線21を直接接続した構造断面図である。図13(b)は、両リード線21をプリント基板6を介して接続した構造の断面図である。
図13(a)に示すように、コンデンサ2a-1,2a-2は、それぞれ誘電体24を電極23で挟み込んでいる。以下、コンデンサ2a-1,2a-2を特に区別しないときには、単にコンデンサ2と記載する。コンデンサ2の電極23は、両端に設けられた端部電極22に、電気的に接続される。
コンデンサ2a-1と、コンデンサ2a-2とを接続するために、コンデンサ2a-1が備えるリード線21と、コンデンサ2a-2が備えるリード線21とは、それぞれ曲げられている。両リード線21は、コンデンサ2から遠い位置、かつ、プリント基板6上に形成したランドパターン72で、ハンダ71によって電気的に接続される。この構造は、図13(a)に示す例と同様に、コンデンサ2a-1,2a-2相互の距離を近くできるので、装置全体の小型化が可能であり、かつ、ハンダ付けによるリード線21の接続の作業性が良好である。しかし、この構造は、接続部7がエッジ状に突出していると共に、ランドパターン72の端にエッジ部73が形成されているので、リード線21に高い電位差が印加されると、エッジ状の接続部7の頂点部やエッジ部73に高電界が発生して放電が発生する虞がある。これにより、この構造は、絶縁信頼性に欠ける虞がある。
図1(a),(b)は、第1の実施形態に於けるコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1の一部構成を示す図である。図1に示すコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1は、図10のコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Gの具体的構造の一部を示している。図1(a)は、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1の斜視図である。図1(b)は、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1のコンデンサ2a-1~2a-4の直列接続の断面図である。
接続部7a-3では、一方のコンデンサ2a-3と、これと直列に隣接する他方のコンデンサ2a-4とが電気的に接続される。接続部7a-3には更に、ダイオード3a-3のアノードと、ダイオード3b-3のカソードとが電気的に接続される。
同様に、コンデンサ2b-1~2b-4と各ダイオード3とは、それぞれ接続部7b-1~7b-3に電気的に接続されている。以下、接続部7a-1~7a-3や、接続部7b-1~7b-3を特に区別しないときには、単に接続部7と記載している場合がある。
よって、接続部7a-1に突起などがあっても電界が発生せず、放電が発生しない。他の接続部7a-2,7a-3や、図1(a)に示す接続部7b-1~7b-3も同様に構成されているので、放電の発生を抑止することができる。したがって、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1の絶縁信頼性を確保でき、かつ、装置全体の小型化が可能である。
図2(a),(b)は、第1の実施形態の変形例に於けるコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1の一部構成を示す図である。図2に示すコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1は、図10のコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Gの具体的構造の一部を示している。図2(a)は、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1の斜視図である。図2(b)は、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1のコンデンサ2a-1~2a-4の直列接続の断面図である。
接続部7a-1では、一方のコンデンサ2a-1の雄ネジ74が、これと直列に隣接する他方のコンデンサ2a-2の雌ネジ75に締結されて構成される。ダイオード3a-1のアノードに設けた圧着端子76と、ダイオード3b-1のカソードに設けた圧着端子76とが、雄ネジ74と雌ネジ75との間に挟み込まれることにより、接続部7a-1に電気的に接続される。
同様に、コンデンサ2a-2~2a-4と各ダイオード3とは、それぞれ接続部7a-2、接続部7a-3に電気的に接続されている。コンデンサ2b-1~2b-4と各ダイオード3とは、それぞれ接続部7b-1~7b-3に電気的に接続されている。
接続部7は更に、雄ネジ74と雌ネジ75との間に圧着端子76を挟み込んで、雄ネジ74と雌ネジ75とを締結することによって、ダイオード3を電気的に接続している。よって、ハンダ付け作業が不要となり、装置を製造する際の作業性を向上させることができる。
図3(a),(b)は、第2の実施形態に於けるコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Aの一部構成を示す図である。図3に示すコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Aは、図10のコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Gの具体的構造の一部を示している。図3(a)は、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Aの斜視図である。図3(b)は、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Aのコンデンサ2a-1~2a-4の直列接続の断面図である。
コンデンサ2a-1~2a-4は、第1の実施形態と同様に、両端に端部電極22(図1(a)参照)を有し、直列に接続されて、概ね直線状に配置される。コンデンサ2b-1~2b-4は、同様に両端に端部電極22(図1(a)参照)を有し、同様に接続されて配置される。
各ランドパターン72の厚さは数十μmと薄いため、ランドパターン72の周囲に電界が発生したならば、端部から放電が発生する虞がある。
コンデンサ2a-1の端部電極22と、これと直列に隣接するコンデンサ2a-2の端部電極22とは同電位であり、第1空間9内の電界がゼロである。よって、ランドパターン72の周辺エッジや、ハンダ71の部位に突起などがあっても電界が発生せず、放電が発生しない。したがって、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Aの絶縁信頼性を確保でき、かつ、装置全体の小型化が可能である。
図4(a)に示すように、プリント基板6は、それぞれコンデンサ2を嵌め込むための切欠部62と、穴63とが穿たれている。穴63は、コンデンサ2のリード線21や、ダイオード3のリード線などを挿入するために穿たれている。
更に、このコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Aは、プリント基板6上にコンデンサ2とダイオード3とをマウントする構造であるため、電子部品実装機によって好適に製造することができる。
図5(a)~(c)は、第3の実施形態に於けるコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Bの端部構成を示す図である。図5(a)は、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Bの端部の斜視図である。図5(b)は、最も電位差が大きい接続部7B近傍の断面図である。図5(c)は、次に電位差が大きい接続部7A近傍の断面図である。
接続部7Aは、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Bのうち、接続部7Bに次いで電位差が大きくなる第3接続部であり、ダイオード3b-4のカソードとコンデンサ2a-4とが電気的に接続される。ダイオード3b-4は、アノードが第2接続部の接続部7Bに接続され、カソードが第3接続部である接続部7Aに接続されている。
よって、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Bの絶縁信頼性を確保でき、かつ、装置全体の小型化が可能である。
高圧出力ケーブル8は、導体に絶縁体を被覆したものである。高圧出力ケーブル8の被覆材は、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1B全体の被覆材より、誘電率または導電率が高いほうが望ましい。また、高圧出力ケーブル8の断面の曲率は、接続部7A,7Bよりも小さいことが望ましい。
図6(a)~(d)は、第4の実施形態に於けるコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Cの端部構成を示す図である。図6(a)は、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Cの端部表面の斜視図である。図6(b)は、最も電位差が大きい接続部7B近傍の断面図である。図6(c)は、次に電位差が大きい接続部7A近傍の断面図である。図6(d)は、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Cの端部裏面の斜視図である。
コンデンサ2b-4の一端と、ダイオード3b-4のアノードとが接続されているプリント基板6の近傍には、高圧出力ケーブル8が電気的に接続されている。
これらのコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1C全体は、第1~第3の実施形態と同様に、エポキシ樹脂などの固体絶縁体で覆われている。高圧出力ケーブル8は、第3の実施形態と同様に、導体に絶縁体を被覆したものである。
ランドパターン72Bおよび接続部7Bは、第3の実施形態と同様に、コンデンサ2b-4の端部電極22と高圧出力ケーブル8との間の第2空間9Bから、はみ出さないように配置される。接続部7Bは、同電位のコンデンサ2b-4の端部電極22と、高圧出力ケーブル8の間に配置される。そのため、接続部7Bは、周囲の電界がゼロに近くなり、放電などが発生しにくくなる。
これにより、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Cの絶縁信頼性を確保でき、かつ、装置全体の小型化が可能である。
ランドパターン72Aは、コンデンサ2a-4の一端に形成され、このコンデンサ2a-4の一端と、ダイオード3b-4のカソードとが電気的に接続されて、接続部7A(図6(c)参照)を構成する。
図7(a),(b)は、第5の実施形態に於けるコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Dの一部構成を示す図である。図7(a)は、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Dの斜視図である。図7(b)は、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Dのコンデンサ2a-1~2a-4の直列接続の断面図である。
金属板77は、コンデンサ2の端部電極22と同一の形状か、または、端部電極22よりも小さいことが望ましい。金属板77は、薄板または厚板のいずれでもよく、外周にエッジが無い形状であることが望ましい。金属板77と接続部7との電気的接続方法は、ハンダ付け、圧着端子、ネジ締めなどが好適である。
図8(a)~(c)は、第6の実施形態に於けるコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Eの端部構成を示す図である。図8(a)は、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Eの端部の斜視図である。図8(b)は、最も電位差が大きい接続部7B近傍の断面図である。図8(c)は、次に電位差が大きい接続部7A近傍の断面図である。
よって、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Eの絶縁信頼性を確保でき、かつ、装置全体の小型化が可能である。
図9(a)~(d)は、第7の実施形態に於けるコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Fの端部構成を示す図である。図9(a)は、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Fの端部表面の斜視図である。図9(b)は、最も電位差が大きい接続部7B近傍の断面図である。図9(c)は、次に電位差が大きい接続部7A近傍の断面図である。図6(d)は、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Fの端部裏面の斜視図である。
これらのコッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1F全体は、第4の実施形態と同様に、エポキシ樹脂などの固体絶縁体で覆われている。高圧出力ケーブル8は、第4の実施形態と同様に、導体に絶縁体を被覆したものである。
ランドパターン72Aなどを含む接続部7Aは、同電位のコンデンサ2a-4の端部電極22と、同電位の金属板77Aとの間に配置される。そのため、接続部7Aの周囲の電界はゼロであり、接続部7Aでは、放電などが発生しにくくなる。
よって、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Fの絶縁信頼性を確保でき、かつ、装置全体の小型化が可能である。
これら金属板77A,77Bは、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Fの電位差が大きい部分からの放電を抑止する。よって、コッククロフト・ウォルトン回路1Fの絶縁信頼性を確保でき、かつ、装置全体の小型化が可能である。
本発明は上記した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、様々な変形例が含まれる。例えば上記した実施形態は、本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも説明したすべての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。ある実施形態の構成の一部を他の実施形態の構成に置き換えることが可能であり、ある実施形態の構成に他の実施形態の構成を加えることも可能である。また、各実施形態の構成の一部について、他の構成の追加・削除・置換をすることも可能である。
本発明の変形例として、例えば、次の(a)~(d)のようなものがある。
2,2a-1~2a-4、2b-1~2b-4,2c-1,2c-2,2d-1,2d-2 コンデンサ
21 リード線
22 端部電極
3,3a-1~3a-4,3b-1~3b-4,3c-1,3c-2,3d-1,3d-2 ダイオード
31 リード線
4,4-1,4-2 交流電源
5,5A X線管
6 プリント基板
61,62 切欠部
63 穴
7,7A,7B 接続部
71 ハンダ
72,72A,72B ランドパターン
73 エッジ部
74 雄ネジ
75 雌ネジ
76 圧着端子
77,77A,77B 金属板
8 高圧出力ケーブル
9 第1空間
9B 第2空間
9A 第3空間
10,10A X線発生装置
Claims (14)
- 両端に端部電極を有するコンデンサが複数個直列に接続され、
直列に隣接する2個の前記コンデンサが電気的に接続される接続部は、一方のコンデンサの端部電極と他方のコンデンサの端部電極との間の第1空間から、はみ出さないように配置され、
ダイオードの一端は、前記接続部に電気的に接続される、
ことを特徴とする高電圧発生装置。 - 前記コンデンサは更に、一端の端部電極に雄ネジを、他端の端部電極に雌ネジを設けており、
前記接続部は、前記一方のコンデンサの前記雄ネジが前記他方のコンデンサの前記雌ネジに締結されて構成され、
前記ダイオードは、当該ダイオードの一端に設けた端子を前記雄ネジと前記雌ネジとの間に挟み込むことにより、前記接続部に電気的に接続される、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高電圧発生装置。 - 前記ダイオードは、ハンダ付けによって前記接続部に電気的に接続される、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高電圧発生装置。 - 前記接続部に電気的に接続される金属板を更に有しており、
前記金属板は、前記第1空間から、はみ出さないように配置され、
前記ダイオードの一端は、前記金属板または前記接続部に電気的に接続される、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高電圧発生装置。 - 高圧出力ケーブルとコンデンサとが電気的に接続される第2接続部は、当該コンデンサの端部電極と当該高圧出力ケーブルとの間の第2空間から、はみ出さないように配置される、
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の高電圧発生装置。 - 前記第2接続部に金属板を電気的に接続し、
当該金属板は、前記第2空間から、はみ出さないように配置される、
ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の高電圧発生装置。 - 前記第2接続部に一端が接続されるダイオードの他端と、コンデンサとが電気的に接続される第3接続部は、当該コンデンサの端部電極と当該高圧出力ケーブルとの間の第3空間から、はみ出さないように配置される、
ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の高電圧発生装置。 - 前記第3接続部に金属板を電気的に接続し、
当該金属板は、前記第3空間から、はみ出さないように配置される、
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の高電圧発生装置。 - 前記一方のコンデンサの一端、前記他方のコンデンサの一端、および、前記ダイオードの一端を電気的に接続する複数のランドパターンと、
各前記コンデンサを嵌め込むための切欠部と、
を有するプリント基板を更に有しており、
前記ランドパターンは、前記第1空間から、はみ出さないように配置される、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高電圧発生装置。 - 前記プリント基板は、高圧出力ケーブルとコンデンサとを電気的に接続する第2ランドパターンを有し、
前記第2ランドパターンは、当該コンデンサの端部電極と当該高圧出力ケーブルとの間の第2空間から、はみ出さないように配置される、
ことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の高電圧発生装置。 - 前記第2ランドパターンに金属板を電気的に接続し、
当該金属板は、前記第2空間から、はみ出さないように配置される、
ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の高電圧発生装置。 - 前記プリント基板は、前記第2ランドパターンに一端が接続されるダイオードの他端と、コンデンサとが電気的に接続される第3ランドパターンを有し、
前記第3ランドパターンは、当該コンデンサの端部電極と当該高圧出力ケーブルとの間の第3空間から、はみ出さないように配置される、
ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の高電圧発生装置。 - 前記第3ランドパターンに金属板を電気的に接続し、
当該金属板は、前記第3空間から、はみ出さないように配置される、
ことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の高電圧発生装置。 - 両端に端部電極を有するコンデンサが複数個直列に接続され、
直列に隣接する2個の前記コンデンサが電気的に接続される接続部は、一方のコンデンサの端部電極と他方のコンデンサの端部電極との間の第1空間から、はみ出さないように配置され、
ダイオードの一端は、前記接続部に電気的に接続される高電圧発生装置、
を備えたことを特徴とするX線発生装置。
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WO2017072355A1 (de) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-04 | Smiths Heimann Gmbh | Oberflächenmontage bedrahteter bauelemente |
JP2018022550A (ja) * | 2016-08-01 | 2018-02-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 高電圧発生装置、及びこれを用いたx線高電圧装置 |
DE102015223534B4 (de) | 2015-11-27 | 2019-05-23 | Siemens Healthcare Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung zur Reduzierung der maximalen elektrischen Feldstärke, Hochspannungserzeugungseinheit mit einer derartigen Schaltungsanordnung und Röntgengenerator mit einer derartigen Hochspannungserzeugungseinheit |
JP2019193433A (ja) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-10-31 | 清 金川 | 超高圧電源装置 |
WO2021149562A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-24 | 2021-07-29 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 昇圧回路および電圧発生装置 |
JP6966027B1 (ja) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-11-10 | 株式会社明電舎 | 高電圧発生装置およびx線発生装置 |
WO2021241227A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-02 | 株式会社明電舎 | 高電圧発生装置およびx線発生装置 |
JP7370472B2 (ja) | 2020-08-06 | 2023-10-27 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 昇圧回路および電圧発生装置 |
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