WO2014199637A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料、これを用いた有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び電子機器 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料、これを用いた有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- 0 CC(*1)=C(*=C)C(**2)=C1C(*=*)=C2*=** Chemical compound CC(*1)=C(*=C)C(**2)=C1C(*=*)=C2*=** 0.000 description 3
- JYSMZDZOMGGECF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brc(cc1)cc2c1[o]c1nc(cccc3)c3cc21 Chemical compound Brc(cc1)cc2c1[o]c1nc(cccc3)c3cc21 JYSMZDZOMGGECF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJTCBILOXPJFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C1)C=Cc2c1c(-c(cc1)cc3c1[o]c1nc(cccc4)c4cc31)c(cccc1)c1c2-c1cc(cccc2)c2cc1 Chemical compound CC(C1)C=Cc2c1c(-c(cc1)cc3c1[o]c1nc(cccc4)c4cc31)c(cccc1)c1c2-c1cc(cccc2)c2cc1 ZJTCBILOXPJFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent element material containing an azanaphthobenzofuran derivative, an organic electroluminescent element using the same, and an electronic apparatus.
- an organic electroluminescence (EL) element is composed of an anode, a cathode, and one or more organic thin film layers sandwiched between the anode and the cathode.
- a voltage is applied between both electrodes, electrons from the cathode side and holes from the anode side are injected into the light emitting region, and the injected electrons and holes recombine in the light emitting region to generate an excited state, which is excited.
- Light is emitted when the state returns to the ground state. Since organic EL elements can obtain various luminescent colors by using various luminescent materials in the luminescent layer, practical research on displays and the like is actively conducted. In particular, research on light emitting materials of the three primary colors of red, green, and blue is the most active, and intensive research has been conducted with the aim of improving characteristics.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose compounds having a naphthobenzofuran structure as materials for organic EL elements.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that a compound having a dibenzofuran structure or a dinaphthofuran structure is used as a material for an organic EL element.
- development of new material systems is required in order to further improve device performance.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel material useful as an organic EL element material.
- a material for an organic electroluminescence device containing a compound represented by any one of formulas (1) to (3).
- a novel material useful as an organic EL element material can be provided.
- carbon number ab in the expression “substituted or unsubstituted X group having carbon number ab” represents the carbon number when X group is unsubstituted, and X group The number of carbon atoms of the substituent when is substituted is not included.
- the “hydrogen atom” includes isotopes having different numbers of neutrons, that is, light hydrogen (protium), deuterium (deuterium), and tritium (tritium).
- an optional substituent when referred to as “substituted or unsubstituted” is an alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 18 and more preferably 1 to 8); 3 to 50 ring carbon atoms (preferably A cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10, more preferably 3 to 8, and further preferably 5 or 6; an aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms (preferably 6 to 25, more preferably 6 to 18); ring formation An aralkyl group having 7 to 51 (preferably 7 to 30, more preferably 7 to 20) carbon atoms having an aryl group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms (preferably 6 to 25, more preferably 6 to 18); an amino group; It is selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 18, more preferably 1 to 8) and an aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms (preferably 6 to 25, more preferably 6 to 18).
- a material for an organic electroluminescence device which is one embodiment of the present invention is characterized by containing a compound represented by any of the following formulas (1) to (3).
- X represents a sulfur atom S or an oxygen atom O.
- a 1 to A 18 each independently represents CH, CR 1 or a nitrogen atom N, and R 1 represents a substituent.
- B 1 , B 2 and B 3 each independently represent CH, CR 2 or a nitrogen atom N, R 2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number of 1 Represents ⁇ 50 haloalkyl, cyano or halogen atoms.
- a 1 ⁇ A 8 B 1 and B 2 of formula (1), at least one is N.
- At least one of A 1 to A 3 , A 9 to A 13 , B 1 and B 2 in the formula (2) is N. At least one of A 1 to A 3 , A 14 to A 18 , B 1 and B 3 in the formula (3) is N. If R 1 there are a plurality of multiple R 1 may be the same or different from each other, if R 2 there are a plurality, the plurality of R 2 may be the same or different from each other. Adjacent R 1 , and R 1 and R 2 may be independently bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- R 1 is preferably independently selected from the following group (A), preferably selected from the following group (B): More preferred are those selected from the following group (C).
- the group (A) is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 50 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted ring carbon number 6 to 50 aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups having 7 to 51 carbon atoms, amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms A mono- or di-substituted amino group having a substituent selected from the group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted A mono-, di- or tri-substituted alky
- substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms substituted or unsubstituted haloalkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, substituted or unsubstituted carbon number
- a disubstituted phosphoryl group having a substituent selected from a heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, an alkylsulfonyloxy group, an arylsulfonyloxy group, Alkylcarbonyloxy
- the group (B) is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 50 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted ring group having 6 to 6 carbon atoms.
- aryl groups substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups having 7 to 51 carbon atoms, amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms
- the group (C) is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 50 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted ring carbon number 6 to 50 aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups having 7 to 51 carbon atoms, amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms A mono- or di-substituted amino group having a substituent selected from the group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted A mono-, di- or tri-substituted alky
- a substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms 5-50 heteroaryl group a substituted or unsubstituted haloalkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a cyano group, and a group consisting of nitro group.
- R 2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted haloalkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a cyano group, or a halogen atom. Specific examples of groups such as R 1 , R 2 and R 11 described later are shown below.
- alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms examples include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, and n-butyl group.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 50 ring carbon atoms include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclo A heptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantyl group etc. are mentioned, A cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group are preferable.
- Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms include, for example, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a naphthylphenyl group, and a biphenylyl group.
- Terphenylyl group acenaphthylenyl group, anthryl group, benzoanthryl group, aceanthryl group, phenanthryl group, benzophenanthryl group, phenalenyl group, fluorenyl group, 9,9'-spirobifluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl Group, dibenzofluorenyl group, picenyl group, pentaphenyl group, pentacenyl group, pyrenyl group, chrycenyl group, benzocricenyl group, s-indacenyl group, as-indacenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, benzofluoranthenyl group, tetracenyl group , Triphenylenyl group, benzotriphenylenyl group Perylenyl group, coronyl group, dibenzoanthryl group and the like.
- At least one, preferably 1 to 5 (more preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 to 5 heteroaryl groups having 5 to 50 ring atoms (preferably 5 to 24, more preferably 5 to 13 ring atoms) (Preferably 1 to 2) heteroatoms such as nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen and phosphorus atoms.
- heteroaryl group include pyrrolyl group, furyl group, thienyl group, pyridyl group, pyridazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, triazinyl group, imidazolyl group, oxazolyl group, thiazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, isothiazolyl group.
- heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms a monovalent group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from any compound represented by the following formula is also preferable.
- A independently represents CR 200 or a nitrogen atom
- R 200 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- Each Y independently represents a single bond, C (R 201 ) (R 202 ), an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or N (R 203 );
- R 201 , R 202 and R 203 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and m independently represents 0 or 1.
- a plurality of A may be the same or different from each other
- a plurality of Y may be the same or different from each other
- a plurality of m may be the same or different from each other.
- Y does not exist.
- Examples of the substituent in the above formula include the same ones as described above.
- Examples of the aralkyl group having 7 to 51 carbon atoms in total having an aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms (preferably 6 to 25, more preferably 6 to 18) include the above aralkyl groups having an aryl group.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 18, more preferably 1 to 8) and the aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms (preferably 6 to 25, more preferably 6 to 18) are selected.
- Examples of the monosubstituted or disubstituted amino group having a substituent include a monosubstituted or disubstituted amino group having a substituent selected from the above alkyl group and the above aryl group.
- Examples of the alkoxy group having an alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms include the above alkoxy groups having an alkyl group.
- Examples of the aryloxy group having an aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms include the above aryloxy groups having an aryl group.
- alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms preferably 1 to 18, more preferably 1 to 8
- an aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms preferably 6 to 25, more preferably 6 to 18.
- Examples of the monosubstituted, disubstituted or trisubstituted silyl group having a substituent include a monosubstituted, disubstituted or trisubstituted silyl group having a substituent selected from the above alkyl group and the above aryl group.
- haloalkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms preferably 1 to 18, more preferably 1 to 8
- at least one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group is a halogen atom (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine). And those substituted by an atom).
- alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms preferably 1 to 18, more preferably 1 to 8 and the aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms (preferably 6 to 25, more preferably 6 to 18).
- the sulfonyl group having a selected substituent include a sulfonyl group having a substituent selected from the above alkyl group and the above aryl group.
- the disubstituted phosphoryl group having a selected substituent include a disubstituted phosphoryl group having a substituent selected from the above alkyl group and the above aryl group.
- the ring structure formed by bonding adjacent substituents to each other may be a saturated ring or an unsaturated ring.
- the saturated ring is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring having 3 to 50 (preferably 3 to 6, more preferably 5 or 6) ring carbon atoms.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon ring having 6 to 50 preferably 6 to 24, more preferably 6 to 18
- ring-forming carbon atoms or 5 to 50 (preferably, ring-forming atoms)
- Aromatic heterocycles of 5 to 24, more preferably 5 to 13) are preferred.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon ring having 3 to 50 ring carbon atoms include cyclopropane ring, cyclobutane ring, cyclopentane ring, cyclohexane ring, cycloheptane ring, cyclooctane ring, adamantane ring and the like.
- a pentane ring and a cyclohexane ring are preferred.
- aromatic hydrocarbon ring having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms include benzene ring, naphthalene ring, anthracene ring, benzoanthracene ring, phenanthrene ring, benzophenanthrene ring, fluorene ring, benzofluorene ring, dibenzofluorene ring , Picene ring, tetracene ring, pentacene ring, pyrene ring, chrysene ring, benzochrysene ring, s-indacene ring, as-indacene ring, fluoranthene ring, benzofluoranthene ring, triphenylene ring, benzotriphenylene ring, perylene ring, coronene ring And dibenzoanthracene ring.
- aromatic heterocyclic ring having 5 to 50 ring atoms include pyrrole ring, pyrazole ring, isoindole ring, benzofuran ring, benzothiophene ring, isobenzofuran ring, dibenzothiophene ring, isoquinoline ring, cinnoline ring, Quinoxaline ring, phenanthridine ring, phenanthroline ring, pyridine ring, pyrazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyridazine ring, triazine ring, imidazopyridine ring, indole ring, indazole ring, benzimidazole ring, quinoline ring, acridine ring, pyrrolidine ring, dioxane Ring, piperidine ring, morpholine ring, piperazine ring, carbazole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, o
- At least one of A 1 to A 8 in formula (1) is CR 1
- at least one of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms. It is preferably a hydrocarbon group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 60 ring atoms.
- at least one of A 1 to A 3 and A 9 to A 13 in Formula (2) is CR 1
- at least one of A 1 to A 3 and A 14 to A 18 in Formula (3) is CR 1 , and at least one of A 1 to A 3 and A 14 to A 18 in Formula (3).
- R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 60 ring atoms. It is preferably a group.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms include the aryl groups having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms described above as examples of the substituent.
- Examples of the heterocyclic group having 3 to 60 ring atoms include the above-described heteroaryl groups having 5 to 50 ring atoms as examples of the substituent.
- B 1 , B 2 and B 3 are each independently a nitrogen atom N, C—H or CR 2 ′ (R 2 ′ is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number of 1 ⁇ 50 linear alkyl group, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group or halogen atom).
- R 2 ′ is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number of 1 ⁇ 50 linear alkyl group, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group or halogen atom.
- alkyl group are the same as those for R 1 described above.
- B 1 to B 3 are each independently a nitrogen atom N, C—H, or a straight chain alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms having a small steric hindrance.
- B 1 , B 2 and B 3 are each independently a nitrogen atom N or C—H.
- At least two of A 1 to A 8 in the formula (1) are preferably nitrogen atoms N.
- at least two of B 3 are preferably nitrogen atoms N.
- At least one R 1 includes a structure (anthracene structure) represented by Formula (5) below.
- R 11 ⁇ R 20 each independently represent a single bond, represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, at least one A 1 ⁇ of the formula via a single bond or a linking group (1)
- a 8 is bonded to a carbon atom represented by any one of A 1 to A 3 and A 9 to A 13 in the formula (2) and A 1 to A 3 and A 14 to A 18 in the formula (3).
- Examples of the substituent are the same as those for R 1 described above.
- Examples thereof include compounds represented by the following formulas (1-1) to (3-1).
- X and R 11 to R 20 each independently represent the same group as in the above formulas (1) to (3) or (5).
- a 1a to A 18a , B 1a , B 2a , and B 3a are each independently the same as A 1 to A 18 , B 1 , B 2 , and B 3 in the above formulas (1) to (3).
- L is a single bond or a linking group.
- the linking group a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring is preferable, and for example, a phenylene group is preferable.
- the groups in two parentheses are bonded via a single bond or a linking group L.
- At least one of A 1a to A 8a in Formula (1-1), at least one of A 1a to A 3a and A 9a to A 13a in Formula (2-1), and Formula (3-1) At least one of A 1a to A 3a and A 14a to A 18a ) is a carbon atom having a bond bonded to any one of L or R 11 to R 20 .
- Any one of R 11 to R 20 is a single bond, and is bonded to the carbon atom represented by either L or A 1a to A 18a .
- R 19 is a single bond, and is preferably bonded to either L or A 1a to A 18a .
- compounds represented by the following formulas (1-1 ′) to (3-1 ′) are preferable.
- X, R 11 to R 20 , A 1a to A 18a , B 1a , B 2a , B 3a , and L are respectively the same as the above-described formulas (1-1) to (3-1) Represents a group.
- R 20 is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms.
- Examples of the aryl group and heteroaryl group are the same as those for R 1 described above.
- At least one of R 1 includes a structure (carbazole structure) represented by the following formula (6).
- the compound represented by the formulas (1) to (3) and having a carbazole structure is suitable for an organic thin film layer formed between a cathode or an anode and a light emitting layer, for example.
- a 21 to A 28 each independently represent CH, CR 22 or N, and R 22 represents a single bond or a substituent. Examples of the substituent are the same as those for R 1 described above. If R 22 is plural, R 22 may be the same or different, may form a bonded is adjacent R 22 together a ring structure.
- the ring structure may be a saturated ring or an unsaturated ring, and specific examples thereof are the same as in the case of the substituent such as the formula (1) described above.
- R 21 represents a single bond, a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Examples of the substituent are the same as those for R 1 described above. At least one of R 21 and R 22 is a single bond or a linking group, A 1 to A 8 in the formula ( 1 ), A 1 to A 3 and A 9 to A 13 in the formula (2), It is bonded to the carbon atom represented by any one of A 1 to A 3 and A 14 to A 18 in the formula (3).
- Examples thereof include compounds represented by the following formulas (1-2) to (3-2).
- X, A 21 to A 28 and R 21 each independently represent the same group as in the above formulas (1) to (3) or (6) .
- a 1a to A 18a , B 1a , B 2a , and B 3a are each independently a group similar to A 1 to A 18 , B 1 , B 2, and B 3 in the above formulas (1) to (3).
- L is a single bond or a linking group. Examples of the linking group include a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring.
- the groups in two parentheses are bonded via a single bond or a linking group L.
- Any one of R 22 and R 21 of A 21 to A 28 is a single bond, and is bonded to the carbon atom represented by either L or A 1 to A 19 . Examples of the compounds represented by formulas (1) to (3) are shown below.
- the organic EL device material of the present invention contains compounds represented by the above formulas (1) to (3).
- the content of the compound in the organic EL device material is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 1% by mass or more, preferably 10% by mass or more, and more preferably 50% by mass or more. More preferably, it is 80 mass% or more, 90 mass% or more is especially preferable, and 100 mass% may be sufficient.
- materials other than the compounds represented by the above formulas (1) to (3) include materials used in a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer and the like described later.
- the material for an organic EL device of the present invention is useful as a material in an organic EL device, and can be used as, for example, a host material and a dopant material in a light emitting layer of a fluorescent light emitting unit or a host material in a light emitting layer of a phosphorescent light emitting unit. .
- a host material and a dopant material in a light emitting layer of a fluorescent light emitting unit or a host material in a light emitting layer of a phosphorescent light emitting unit. In both the fluorescent light emitting unit and the phosphorescent light emitting unit, an anode-side organic thin film layer provided between the anode of the organic EL element and the light emitting layer, or a cathode provided between the cathode of the organic EL element and the light emitting layer.
- the “light emitting unit” means a minimum unit that includes one or more organic layers, one of which is a light emitting layer, and can emit light by recombination of injected holes and electrons.
- the organic EL device which is one embodiment of the present invention has one or more organic thin film layers containing a light emitting layer between a cathode and an anode, and at least one of the organic thin film layers is for the organic EL device described above. Including material.
- the organic thin film layer containing the organic EL element material described above include an anode-side organic thin film layer (hole transport layer, hole injection layer, etc.) provided between the anode and the light emitting layer, a light emitting layer, and a cathode.
- Examples include, but are not limited to, a cathode side organic thin film layer (electron transport layer, electron injection layer, etc.), a space layer, a barrier layer and the like provided between the light emitting layer and the light emitting layer.
- the above-mentioned organic EL element material may be contained in any of the above layers.
- the organic EL element of the present invention may be a fluorescent or phosphorescent monochromatic light emitting element, a fluorescent / phosphorescent hybrid white light emitting element, or a simple type having a single light emitting unit.
- a tandem type having a plurality of light emitting units may be used, and among them, a phosphorescent type is preferable.
- the following element structure can be mentioned as a typical element structure of a simple type organic EL element.
- Anode / light emitting unit / cathode The above light emitting unit may be a laminated type having a plurality of phosphorescent light emitting layers and fluorescent light emitting layers. In that case, the light emitting unit is generated by a phosphorescent light emitting layer between the light emitting layers. In order to prevent the excitons from diffusing into the fluorescent light emitting layer, a space layer may be provided. A typical layer structure of the light emitting unit is shown below.
- A Hole transport layer / light emitting layer (/ electron transport layer)
- B Hole transport layer / first phosphorescent light emitting layer / second phosphorescent light emitting layer (/ electron transport layer)
- C Hole transport layer / phosphorescent layer / space layer / fluorescent layer (/ electron transport layer)
- D Hole transport layer / first phosphorescent light emitting layer / second phosphorescent light emitting layer / space layer / fluorescent light emitting layer (/ electron transport layer)
- E Hole transport layer / first phosphorescent light emitting layer / space layer / second phosphorescent light emitting layer / space layer / fluorescent light emitting layer (/ electron transport layer)
- F Hole transport layer / phosphorescent layer / space layer / first fluorescent layer / second fluorescent layer (/ electron transport layer)
- G Hole transport layer / electron barrier layer / light emitting layer (/ electron transport layer)
- H Hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole barrier layer (
- Each phosphorescent or fluorescent light-emitting layer may have a different emission color.
- hole transport layer / first phosphorescent light emitting layer (red light emitting) / second phosphorescent light emitting layer (green light emitting) / space layer / fluorescent light emitting layer (blue light emitting) / Examples include a layer configuration such as an electron transport layer.
- An electron barrier layer may be appropriately provided between each light emitting layer and the hole transport layer or space layer.
- a hole blocking layer may be appropriately provided between each light emitting layer and the electron transport layer.
- the following element structure can be mentioned as a typical element structure of a tandem type organic EL element.
- the intermediate layer is generally called an intermediate electrode, an intermediate conductive layer, a charge generation layer, an electron extraction layer, a connection layer, or an intermediate insulating layer, and has electrons in the first light emitting unit and holes in the second light emitting unit.
- a known material structure to be supplied can be used.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an example of the organic EL element of the present invention.
- the organic EL element 1 includes a substrate 2, an anode 3, a cathode 4, and a light emitting unit 10 disposed between the anode 3 and the cathode 4.
- the light emitting unit 10 includes a light emitting layer 5 including at least one phosphorescent light emitting layer including a phosphorescent host material and a phosphorescent dopant.
- a hole injection / transport layer 6 or the like may be formed between the light emitting layer 5 and the anode 3, and an electron injection / transport layer 7 or the like may be formed between the light emitting layer 5 and the cathode 4.
- an electron barrier layer may be provided on the anode 3 side of the light emitting layer 5, and a hole barrier layer may be provided on the cathode 4 side of the light emitting layer 5.
- a host combined with a fluorescent dopant is referred to as a fluorescent host
- a host combined with a phosphorescent dopant is referred to as a phosphorescent host.
- the fluorescent host and the phosphorescent host are not distinguished only by the molecular structure. That is, the phosphorescent host means a material constituting a phosphorescent light emitting layer containing a phosphorescent dopant, and does not mean that it cannot be used as a material constituting a fluorescent light emitting layer. The same applies to the fluorescent host.
- the organic EL element of the present invention is produced on a translucent substrate.
- the light-transmitting substrate is a substrate that supports the organic EL element, and is preferably a smooth substrate having a light transmittance in the visible region of 400 nm to 700 nm of 50% or more.
- a glass plate, a polymer plate, etc. are mentioned.
- the glass plate include those using soda lime glass, barium / strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate glass, quartz and the like as raw materials.
- the polymer plate include those using polycarbonate, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfide, polysulfone and the like as raw materials.
- the anode of the organic EL element plays a role of injecting holes into the hole transport layer or the light emitting layer, and it is effective to use a material having a work function of 4.5 eV or more.
- Specific examples of the anode material include indium tin oxide alloy (ITO), tin oxide (NESA), indium zinc oxide, gold, silver, platinum, copper, and the like.
- the anode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering. When light emitted from the light emitting layer is extracted from the anode, it is preferable that the transmittance of light in the visible region of the anode is greater than 10%.
- the sheet resistance of the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness of the anode depends on the material, but is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 10 nm to 200 nm.
- the cathode plays a role of injecting electrons into the electron injection layer, the electron transport layer or the light emitting layer, and is preferably formed of a material having a small work function.
- the cathode material is not particularly limited, and specifically, indium, aluminum, magnesium, magnesium-indium alloy, magnesium-aluminum alloy, aluminum-lithium alloy, aluminum-scandium-lithium alloy, magnesium-silver alloy and the like can be used.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering. Moreover, you may take out light emission from the cathode side as needed.
- An organic layer having a light emitting function includes a host material and a dopant material.
- the host material mainly has a function of encouraging recombination of electrons and holes and confining excitons in the light emitting layer, and the dopant material efficiently emits excitons obtained by recombination. It has a function.
- the host material mainly has a function of confining excitons generated by the dopant in the light emitting layer.
- the light emitting layer employs, for example, a double host (also referred to as host / cohost) that adjusts the carrier balance in the light emitting layer by combining an electron transporting host and a hole transporting host.
- the light emitting layer preferably contains a first host material and a second host material, and the first host material is preferably the organic EL device material of the present invention.
- you may employ adopt the double dopant from which each dopant light-emits by putting in 2 or more types of dopant materials with a high quantum yield. Specifically, a mode in which yellow emission is realized by co-evaporating a host, a red dopant, and a green dopant to make the light emitting layer common is used.
- the above light-emitting layer is a laminate in which a plurality of light-emitting layers are stacked, so that electrons and holes are accumulated at the light-emitting layer interface, and the recombination region is concentrated at the light-emitting layer interface to improve quantum efficiency. Can do.
- the ease of injecting holes into the light emitting layer may be different from the ease of injecting electrons, and the hole transport ability and electron transport ability expressed by the mobility of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer may be different. May be different.
- the light emitting layer can be formed by a known method such as a vapor deposition method, a spin coating method, or an LB method (Langmuir Broadgett method).
- the light emitting layer can also be formed by thinning a solution obtained by dissolving a binder such as a resin and a material compound in a solvent by a spin coating method or the like.
- the light emitting layer is preferably a molecular deposited film.
- the molecular deposition film is a thin film formed by deposition from a material compound in a gas phase state or a film formed by solidification from a material compound in a solution state or a liquid phase state. Normally, this molecular deposited film can be distinguished from a thin film (molecular accumulation film) formed by the LB method by a difference in aggregate structure, a difference in higher order structure, or a functional difference resulting therefrom.
- the dopant material is selected from known fluorescent dopants exhibiting fluorescent emission or phosphorescent dopants exhibiting phosphorescent emission.
- the phosphorescent dopant (phosphorescent material) that forms the light emitting layer is a compound that can emit light from the triplet excited state, and is not particularly limited as long as it emits light from the triplet excited state, but Ir, Pt, Os, Au, Cu, An organometallic complex containing at least one metal selected from Re and Ru and a ligand is preferable.
- the ligand preferably has an ortho metal bond.
- a metal complex containing a metal atom selected from Ir, Os, and Pt is preferable in that the phosphorescence quantum yield is high and the external quantum efficiency of the light-emitting element can be further improved.
- iridium complexes and platinum complexes are more preferable, and orthometalated iridium complexes are particularly preferable.
- the content of the phosphorescent dopant in the light emitting layer is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, it is preferably 0.1 to 70% by mass, and more preferably 1 to 30% by mass. If the phosphorescent dopant content is 0.1% by mass or more, sufficient light emission can be obtained, and if it is 70% by mass or less, concentration quenching can be avoided. Specific examples of preferred organometallic complexes as phosphorescent dopants are shown below.
- the phosphorescent host is a compound having a function of efficiently emitting the phosphorescent dopant by efficiently confining the triplet energy of the phosphorescent dopant in the light emitting layer.
- the organic EL device material of the present invention is suitable as a phosphorescent host.
- the light emitting layer may contain 1 type of organic EL element material of this invention, and may contain 2 or more types of organic EL element material of this invention.
- the emission wavelength of the phosphorescent dopant material contained in the light emitting layer is not particularly limited.
- at least one of the phosphorescent dopant materials contained in the light emitting layer preferably has a peak emission wavelength of 490 nm to 700 nm, and more preferably 490 nm to 650 nm.
- a luminescent color of a light emitting layer red, yellow, and green are preferable, for example.
- a compound other than the material for the organic EL device of the present invention can be appropriately selected as the phosphorescent host according to the purpose.
- the organic EL device material of the present invention and other compounds may be used in combination as a phosphorescent host material in the same light emitting layer, and when there are a plurality of light emitting layers, the phosphorescent host of one of the light emitting layers.
- the material for an organic EL device of the present invention may be used as a material, and a compound other than the material for an organic EL device of the present invention may be used as a phosphorescent host material for another light emitting layer.
- the organic EL device material of the present invention can be used for organic layers other than the light emitting layer. In that case, a compound other than the organic EL device material of the present invention is used as the phosphorescent host of the light emitting layer. May be.
- compounds other than the organic EL device material of the present invention and suitable as a phosphorescent host include carbazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, Pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, styrylamine compounds, aromatic dimethylidene compounds, porphyrins Compounds, anthraquinodimethane derivatives, anthrone derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, carbodiimide derivatives, fluorenylidene derivatives And metal complexes of heterocycl
- the organic EL element material of the present invention is used as the first host material
- the organic EL element material other than the organic EL element material of the present invention is used as the second host material.
- a compound may be used.
- the terms “first host material” and “second host material” mean that the plurality of host materials contained in the light emitting layer have different structures from each other. It is not specified by the material content. It does not specifically limit as said 2nd host material, It is a compound other than the organic EL element material of this invention, and the same thing as the above-mentioned compound as a compound suitable as a phosphorescent host is mentioned.
- the second host carbazole derivatives, arylamine derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, and aromatic tertiary amine compounds are preferable.
- the organic EL device of the present invention may have a light emitting layer containing a fluorescent light emitting material, that is, a fluorescent light emitting layer.
- a fluorescent light emitting layer known fluorescent light emitting materials can be used.
- the fluorescent material is preferably at least one selected from anthracene derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, styrylamine derivatives and arylamine derivatives, and more preferably anthracene derivatives and arylamine derivatives.
- an anthracene derivative is preferable as the host material
- an arylamine derivative is preferable as the dopant.
- suitable materials described in International Publication No. 2010/134350 and International Publication No. 2010/134352 are selected.
- the material for an organic EL device of the present invention may be used as a fluorescent light emitting material for the fluorescent light emitting layer or as a host material for the fluorescent light emitting layer.
- the ring-forming carbon number of the anthracene derivative as the fluorescent light-emitting material is preferably 26 to 100, more preferably 26 to 80, and still more preferably 26 to 60. More specifically, the anthracene derivative is preferably an anthracene derivative represented by the following formula (10).
- Ar 31 and Ar 32 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms or a heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 ring atoms.
- R 81 to R 88 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted A substituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted ring carbon number of 6 to 50 aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylthio groups having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsub
- the aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, and more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms.
- the heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 ring atoms is preferably a heterocyclic group having 5 to 40 ring atoms, and more preferably a heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and further preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the alkoxy group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and further preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the aralkyl group having 7 to 50 carbon atoms is preferably an aralkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the aryloxy group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms is preferably an aryloxy group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, and more preferably an aryloxy group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms.
- the arylthio group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms is preferably an arylthio group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, and more preferably an arylthio group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms.
- the alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 50 carbon atoms is preferably an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and further preferably an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a bromine atom.
- Ar 31 and Ar 32 are preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms.
- an anthracene derivative represented by the formula (10) is preferable.
- Ar 33 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms or a heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 ring atoms.
- R 81 to R 88 are R 89 is the same as defined for R 81 to R 88.
- a is an integer of 1 to 7.
- R 81 to R 88 are preferably the same as described above.
- the preferred R 89 is also the same as R 81 to R 88 .
- a is preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 1 or 2.
- the aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms represented by Ar 33 is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and 6 to 6 ring forming carbon atoms.
- a 20 aryl group is more preferred, and an aryl group having 6 to 12 ring carbon atoms is particularly preferred.
- the arylamine derivative as the fluorescent light-emitting material is preferably an aryldiamine derivative, more preferably an aryldiamine derivative containing a pyrene skeleton, and further preferably an aryldiamine derivative containing a pyrene skeleton and a dibenzofuran skeleton. More specifically, the aryldiamine derivative is preferably an aryldiamine derivative represented by the following formula (11).
- Ar 34 to Ar 37 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms.
- L 21 represents a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 5 to 50 ring atoms.
- the aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 12 ring carbon atoms.
- a group is more preferable, and a phenyl group and a naphthyl group are particularly preferable.
- the heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms is preferably a heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms, more preferably a heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring atoms, and 5 to 5 ring forming atoms. More preferred are 20 heteroaryl groups.
- heteroaryl group examples include a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and the like, and a dibenzofuranyl group is preferable.
- substituents for the heteroaryl group include aryl groups having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms (preferably 6 to 20, more preferably 6 to 12), and more preferably a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the arylene group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms is preferably an arylene group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, more preferably an arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and an arylene group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms.
- the group is more preferable, and the pyrenyl group is particularly preferable.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer is preferably 5 to 50 nm, more preferably 7 to 50 nm, and still more preferably 10 to 50 nm.
- the thickness is 5 nm or more, it is easy to form a light emitting layer, and when the thickness is 50 nm or less, an increase in driving voltage can be avoided.
- the organic EL device of the present invention preferably has an electron donating dopant in the interface region between the cathode and the light emitting unit. According to such a configuration, it is possible to improve the light emission luminance and extend the life of the organic EL element.
- the electron donating dopant means a material containing a metal having a work function of 3.8 eV or less, and specific examples thereof include alkali metals, alkali metal complexes, alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metals, alkaline earths. Examples thereof include at least one selected from metal complexes, alkaline earth metal compounds, rare earth metals, rare earth metal complexes, rare earth metal compounds, and the like.
- alkali metal examples include Na (work function: 2.36 eV), K (work function: 2.28 eV), Rb (work function: 2.16 eV), Cs (work function: 1.95 eV), and the like.
- a function of 2.9 eV or less is particularly preferable. Of these, K, Rb, and Cs are preferred, Rb and Cs are more preferred, and Cs is most preferred.
- alkaline earth metals include Ca (work function: 2.9 eV), Sr (work function: 2.0 eV to 2.5 eV), Ba (work function: 2.52 eV), and the like. The thing below 9 eV is especially preferable.
- rare earth metals examples include Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, and the like, and those having a work function of 2.9 eV or less are particularly preferable.
- alkali metal compound examples include alkali oxides such as Li 2 O, Cs 2 O, and K 2 O, and alkali halides such as LiF, NaF, CsF, and KF, and LiF, Li 2 O, and NaF are preferable.
- alkaline earth metal compound examples include BaO, SrO, CaO, and Ba x Sr 1-x O (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Ba x Ca 1-x O (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) mixed with these. BaO, SrO, and CaO are preferable.
- the rare earth metal compound, YbF 3, ScF 3, ScO 3, Y 2 O 3, Ce 2 O 3, GdF 3, TbF 3 and the like, YbF 3, ScF 3, TbF 3 are preferable.
- the alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, and rare earth metal complex are not particularly limited as long as each metal ion contains at least one of an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, and a rare earth metal ion.
- the ligands include quinolinol, benzoquinolinol, acridinol, phenanthridinol, hydroxyphenyl oxazole, hydroxyphenyl thiazole, hydroxydiaryl thiadiazole, hydroxydiaryl thiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxybenzotriazole, Hydroxyfulborane, bipyridyl, phenanthroline, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, cyclopentadiene, ⁇ -diketones, azomethines, and derivatives thereof are preferred, but are not limited thereto.
- the electron donating dopant it is preferable to form a layered or island shape in the interface region.
- a forming method while depositing an electron donating dopant by resistance heating vapor deposition, an organic compound (light emitting material or electron injecting material) that forms an interface region is simultaneously deposited, and the electron donating dopant is dispersed in the organic compound.
- the electron donating dopant is formed in a layered form
- the reducing dopant is vapor-deposited by a resistance heating vapor deposition method. .1 nm to 15 nm.
- the electron donating dopant is formed in an island shape
- the electron donating dopant is deposited by resistance heating vapor deposition alone, preferably The island is formed with a thickness of 0.05 nm to 1 nm.
- the electron transport layer is an organic layer formed between the light emitting layer and the cathode, and has a function of transporting electrons from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- an organic layer close to the cathode may be defined as an electron injection layer.
- the electron injection layer has a function of efficiently injecting electrons from the cathode into the organic layer unit.
- the organic EL device material of the present invention is also suitable as an electron transport layer material for forming an electron transport layer.
- an aromatic heterocyclic compound containing one or more heteroatoms in the molecule is preferably used, and particularly a nitrogen-containing ring derivative is used.
- the nitrogen-containing ring derivative is preferably an aromatic ring having a nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring or 5-membered ring skeleton, or a condensed aromatic ring compound having a nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring or 5-membered ring skeleton.
- a nitrogen-containing ring metal chelate complex represented by the following formula (A) is preferable.
- R 2 to R 7 in the formula (A) which is a nitrogen-containing ring metal chelate complex are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, An alkoxy group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 ring carbon atoms, which may be substituted. .
- Examples of the halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like.
- the amino group which may be substituted include an alkylamino group, an arylamino group and an aralkylamino group.
- the alkylamino group and the aralkylamino group are represented as —NQ 1 Q 2 .
- Q 1 and Q 2 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- One of Q 1 and Q 2 may be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.
- the arylamino group is represented as —NAr 1 Ar 2, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represent a non-condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group or a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 may be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms includes an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, and an aralkyl group.
- the alkoxycarbonyl group is represented as —COOY ′, and Y ′ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- M is aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga) or indium (In), and is preferably In.
- L is a group represented by the following formula (A ′) or (A ′′).
- R 8 to R 12 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and the groups adjacent to each other are cyclic structures May be formed.
- R 13 to R 27 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms.
- An annular structure may be formed.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms represented by R 8 to R 12 and R 13 to R 27 in the formula (A ′) and the formula (A ′′) is a nitrogen-containing ring metal chelate complex in the formula (A).
- the divalent group in the case where the adjacent groups of R 8 to R 12 and R 13 to R 27 form a cyclic structure is the same as the hydrocarbon group represented by R 2 to R 7 of Examples include a methylene group, a pentamethylene group, a hexamethylene group, a diphenylmethane-2,2′-diyl group, a diphenylethane-3,3′-diyl group, and a diphenylpropane-4,4′-diyl group.
- 8-hydroxyquinoline or a metal complex of its derivative, an oxadiazole derivative, or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative is preferable.
- a metal chelate oxinoid compound containing a chelate of oxine (generally 8-quinolinol or 8-hydroxyquinoline), for example, tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum is used.
- 8-quinolinol or 8-hydroxyquinoline a metal chelate oxinoid compound containing a chelate of oxine
- tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum is used.
- an oxadiazole derivative the following can be mentioned.
- Ar 17 , Ar 18 , Ar 19 , Ar 21 , Ar 22 and Ar 25 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms
- Ar 17 and Ar 18 , Ar 19 and Ar 21 , Ar 22 and Ar 25 may be the same or different.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group or the condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group, an anthranyl group, a perylenyl group, and a pyrenyl group.
- substituents include alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and cyano groups.
- Ar 20 , Ar 23 and Ar 24 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, and Ar 23 and Ar 24 are identical to each other. But it can be different.
- the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group include a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a biphenylene group, an anthranylene group, a peryleneylene group, and a pyrenylene group.
- substituents include alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and cyano groups.
- electron transfer compounds those having good thin film forming properties are preferably used.
- Specific examples of these electron transfer compounds include the following.
- the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative as the electron transfer compound is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative composed of an organic compound having the following formula, and includes a nitrogen-containing compound that is not a metal complex. Examples thereof include a 5-membered ring or 6-membered ring containing a skeleton represented by the following formula (B) and a structure represented by the following formula (C).
- X represents a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom.
- Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represents an atomic group capable of forming a nitrogen-containing heterocycle.
- the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative is more preferably an organic compound having a nitrogen-containing aromatic polycyclic group consisting of a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered ring. Further, in the case of such a nitrogen-containing aromatic polycyclic group having a plurality of nitrogen atoms, the nitrogen-containing compound having a skeleton in which the above formulas (B) and (C) or the above formula (B) and the following formula (D) are combined. Aromatic polycyclic organic compounds are preferred.
- the nitrogen-containing group of the nitrogen-containing aromatic polycyclic organic compound is selected from, for example, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic groups represented by the following formulae.
- R is an aromatic hydrocarbon group or condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic heterocyclic group or condensed aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, 1 to 20 is an alkyl group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, n is an integer of 0 to 5, and when n is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R may be the same or different from each other.
- preferred specific compounds include nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivatives represented by the following formula (D1). HAr-L 1 -Ar 1 -Ar 2 (D1)
- HAr is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms
- L 1 is a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- Ar 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 6 carbon atom having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Ar 2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms. It is a heterocyclic group or a condensed aromatic heterocyclic group.
- HAr is selected from the following group, for example.
- L 1 in the formula (D1) is selected from the following group, for example.
- Ar 1 in the formula (D1) is selected from, for example, arylanthranyl groups of the following formulas (D2) and (D3).
- R 1 to R 14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 1 to R 8 may be nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivatives each of which is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.
- Ar 2 in the formula (D1) is selected from the following group, for example.
- the following compounds are also preferably used as the nitrogen-containing aromatic polycyclic organic compound as the electron transporting compound.
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number of 3 to 20
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently Represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a dicyanomethylene group.
- the following compounds are also preferably used as the electron transfer compound.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different groups, and are an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by the following formula (D6). It is.
- R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are the same or different from each other, and are a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a saturated or unsaturated alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- At least one of R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 is a group other than a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.
- the electron transfer compound may be a polymer compound containing the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group or the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative.
- the electron transport layer of the organic EL device of the present invention particularly preferably contains at least one nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative represented by the following formulas (E) to (G).
- Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 are each independently a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted carbon An alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- n is an integer of 0 to 5, and when n is an integer of 2 or more, the plurality of R 1 may be the same or different from each other. Further, two adjacent R 1 may be bonded to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring.
- Ar 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms.
- Ar 2 is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted Alternatively, it is an unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms.
- Ar 1 or Ar 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted condensed aromatic hydrocarbon ring group having 10 to 50 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted condensed aromatic group having 9 to 50 ring atoms. It is a heterocyclic group.
- Ar 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 5 to 50 ring atoms.
- L 1 , L 2 and L 3 are each independently a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent ring having 9 to 50 ring atoms.
- aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms examples include phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, naphthacenyl, chrysenyl, pyrenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, tolyl, fluoranthenyl, fluorenyl Groups and the like.
- heteroaryl groups having 5 to 50 ring atoms include pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, silolyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzofuryl, imidazolyl, pyrimidyl, carbazolyl, selenophenyl Group, oxadiazolyl group, triazolyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, acridinyl group, imidazo [1,2-a] pyridinyl group, imidazo [1,2-a] pyrimidinyl group and the like.
- Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, and a hexyl group.
- Examples of the haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include groups obtained by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group with at least one halogen atom selected from fluorine, chlorine, iodine and bromine.
- Examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include groups having the above alkyl group as an alkyl moiety.
- Examples of the arylene group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms include groups obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the aryl group.
- Examples of the divalent condensed aromatic heterocyclic group having 9 to 50 ring atoms include groups obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the condensed aromatic heterocyclic group described as the heteroaryl group.
- the thickness of the electron transport layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 nm to 100 nm. Moreover, it is preferable to use an insulator or a semiconductor as an inorganic compound in addition to the nitrogen-containing ring derivative as a component of the electron injection layer that can be provided adjacent to the electron transport layer. If the electron injection layer is made of an insulator or a semiconductor, current leakage can be effectively prevented and the electron injection property can be improved.
- an insulator it is preferable to use at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal chalcogenides, alkaline earth metal chalcogenides, alkali metal halides and alkaline earth metal halides. If the electron injection layer is composed of these alkali metal chalcogenides or the like, it is preferable in that the electron injection property can be further improved.
- preferable alkali metal chalcogenides include, for example, Li 2 O, K 2 O, Na 2 S, Na 2 Se, and Na 2 O
- preferable alkaline earth metal chalcogenides include, for example, CaO, BaO. , SrO, BeO, BaS and CaSe.
- preferable alkali metal halides include, for example, LiF, NaF, KF, LiCl, KCl, and NaCl.
- preferable alkaline earth metal halides include fluorides such as CaF 2 , BaF 2 , SrF 2 , MgF 2 and BeF 2 , and halides other than fluorides.
- the inorganic compound constituting the electron injection layer is preferably a microcrystalline or amorphous insulating thin film. If the electron injection layer is composed of these insulating thin films, a more uniform thin film is formed, and pixel defects such as dark spots can be reduced. Examples of such inorganic compounds include alkali metal chalcogenides, alkaline earth metal chalcogenides, alkali metal halides and alkaline earth metal halides.
- the preferred thickness of the layer is about 0.1 nm to 15 nm.
- the electron injection layer in the present invention is preferable even if it contains the above-mentioned electron donating dopant.
- an organic layer close to the anode may be defined as a hole injection layer.
- the hole injection layer has a function of efficiently injecting holes from the anode into the organic layer unit.
- an aromatic amine compound for example, an aromatic amine derivative represented by the following formula (H) is preferably used.
- Ar 1 ⁇ Ar 4 is a substituted or an aromatic hydrocarbon group or fused aromatic hydrocarbon group unsubstituted ring carbon atoms 6 to 50, a substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms of 5 to 50 aromatic heterocyclic groups or condensed aromatic heterocyclic groups, or a group in which these aromatic hydrocarbon groups or condensed aromatic hydrocarbon groups and aromatic heterocyclic groups or condensed aromatic heterocyclic groups are bonded.
- L represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring forming atom number of 5 to 50. Represents an aromatic heterocyclic group or a condensed aromatic heterocyclic group.
- an aromatic amine of the following formula (J) is also preferably used for forming the hole transport layer.
- the hole transport layer of the organic EL device of the present invention may have a two-layer structure of a first hole transport layer (anode side) and a second hole transport layer (cathode side).
- the thickness of the hole transport layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- a layer containing an acceptor material may be bonded to the anode side of the hole transport layer or the first hole transport layer. This is expected to reduce drive voltage and manufacturing costs.
- the acceptor material a compound represented by the following formula (K) is preferable.
- R 21 to R 26 may be the same as or different from each other, and each independently represents a cyano group, —CONH 2 , a carboxyl group, or —COOR 27 (R 27 is a group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms) Represents an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, provided that one or more pairs of R 21 and R 22 , R 23 and R 24 , and R 25 and R 26 are combined together.
- a group represented by —CO—O—CO— may be formed.
- R 27 examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a t-butyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
- the thickness of the layer containing the acceptor material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 20 nm.
- n doping is a method of doping a metal such as Li or Cs into an electron transport material
- p doping is F 4 TCNQ (2, 3, 5, 6) as a hole transport material.
- the space layer is a fluorescent layer for the purpose of adjusting the carrier balance so that excitons generated in the phosphorescent layer are not diffused into the fluorescent layer. It is a layer provided between the layer and the phosphorescent light emitting layer.
- the space layer can be provided between the plurality of phosphorescent light emitting layers. Since the space layer is provided between the light emitting layers, a material having both electron transport properties and hole transport properties is preferable. In order to prevent diffusion of triplet energy in the adjacent phosphorescent light emitting layer, the triplet energy is preferably 2.6 eV or more. Examples of the material used for the space layer include the same materials as those used for the above-described hole transport layer.
- the organic EL device of the present invention preferably has a barrier layer such as an electron barrier layer, a hole barrier layer, or a triplet barrier layer in a portion adjacent to the light emitting layer.
- the electron barrier layer is a layer that prevents electrons from leaking from the light emitting layer to the hole transport layer
- the hole barrier layer is a layer that prevents holes from leaking from the light emitting layer to the electron transport layer. is there.
- the triplet barrier layer prevents the triplet excitons generated in the light emitting layer from diffusing into the surrounding layers, and confins the triplet excitons in the light emitting layer, thereby transporting electrons other than the light emitting dopant of the triplet excitons. It has a function of suppressing energy deactivation on the molecules of the layer.
- the phosphorescent devices When providing the triplet barrier layer, the phosphorescent devices, triplet energy E T d of the phosphorescent dopant in the light emitting layer and the triplet energy of the compound used as a triplet barrier layer and E T TB, E T d ⁇ If the energy magnitude relationship of E T TB is satisfied, the triplet exciton of the phosphorescent dopant is confined (cannot move to other molecules) and the energy deactivation path other than light emission on the dopant is interrupted. It is assumed that light can be emitted with high efficiency.
- the organic EL element material of the present invention can be used as a triplet barrier layer having a TTF element structure described in International Publication WO2010 / 134350A1.
- the electron mobility of the material constituting the triplet barrier layer is desirably 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 / Vs or more in the range of electric field strength of 0.04 to 0.5 MV / cm.
- the electron mobility is determined by impedance spectroscopy.
- the electron injection layer is desirably 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 / Vs or more in the range of electric field strength of 0.04 to 0.5 MV / cm. This facilitates the injection of electrons from the cathode into the electron transport layer, and also promotes the injection of electrons into the adjacent barrier layer and the light emitting layer, thereby enabling driving at a lower voltage.
- the organic EL device of the present invention can be used in a panel module used for various displays as a light emitting device.
- the organic EL device of the present invention can be used for display devices such as televisions, portable terminals, personal computers, and electronic devices such as lighting.
- intermediate (B) 4-methoxyquinoline-3-boronic acid is used in place of 2-methoxyquinoline-3-boronic acid, and intermediate (C) and intermediate (D ) was synthesized.
- intermediate (B) In the synthesis of intermediate (B), intermediate (E) and intermediate (F) were synthesized in the same manner according to the above scheme using 7-methoxyisoquinoline-8-boronic acid instead of 2-methoxyquinoline-3-boronic acid. ) was synthesized.
- intermediate (D) 2-bromo-5-fluoro-4-iodopyridine was used instead of 5-bromo-2-fluoroiodobenzene, and intermediate (G) and intermediate were synthesized in the same manner according to the above scheme.
- Body (H) was synthesized.
- intermediate (B) 4-bromo-2-fluoroiodobenzene was used in place of 5-bromo-2-fluoroiodobenzene, and intermediate (I) and intermediate (J ) was synthesized.
- intermediate (A) (2.00 g, 6.71 mmol), 10- (4-biphenyl) anthracene-9-boronic acid (2.51 g, 6.71 mmol), tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium ( 388 mg, 0.336 mmol), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (20 mL) and an aqueous sodium carbonate solution (2M, 20 mL) were mixed, and the mixture was stirred with heating under reflux for 8 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the precipitated solid was filtered off.
- the compound 1 was synthesized in the same manner except that 10- (2-naphthyl) anthracene-9-boronic acid synthesized by a known method was used instead of 10- (4-biphenyl) anthracene-9-boronic acid.
- Compound 2 was obtained.
- Example 1 A 25 mm ⁇ 75 mm ⁇ 1.1 mm thick glass substrate with ITO transparent electrode (anode) (manufactured by Geomatic) was ultrasonically cleaned in isopropyl alcohol for 5 minutes, and then UV ozone cleaning was performed for 30 minutes.
- the cleaned glass substrate with a transparent electrode line is mounted on a substrate holder of a vacuum deposition apparatus, and first, a compound A-1 having a film thickness of 60 nm is formed so as to cover the transparent electrode on the surface on which the transparent electrode line is formed. Was deposited. Subsequent to the formation of the A-1 film, A-2 having a thickness of 20 nm was formed on the A-1 film.
- the following host H-1 and dopant D-1 were formed on this A-2 film at a film thickness of 40 nm in a film thickness ratio of 40: 2 to obtain a light emitting layer.
- the compound 3 synthesized in Synthesis Example 8 as an electron transporting layer was formed into a film with a thickness of 20 nm by vapor deposition.
- LiF was formed into a film having a thickness of 1 nm, and a metal cathode was formed by vapor-depositing metal Al on this LiF film to form an organic EL element.
- the organic EL device produced as described above was caused to emit light by a direct current of 10 mA / cm 2 , and the driving voltage and the luminous efficiency were measured. Further, a half-life was measured by performing a direct current energization test at an initial luminance of 1000 cd / m 2 .
- the driving voltage and half life results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 an organic EL device was produced and evaluated in the same manner except that the compound (A) having the following structure was used instead of the compound 3. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the use of the compound of the present invention makes it possible to reduce the voltage of the organic EL device.
- the organic EL element using the aza-naphthobenzofuran derivative operates at a lower voltage.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, the layers up to the light emitting layer were formed. On the light emitting layer, Compound 1 synthesized in Synthesis Example 6 and lithium 8-hydroxyquinolate (Liq) as an electron transporting layer were formed in a film thickness of 35 nm by co-evaporation at a film thickness ratio of 1: 1. An organic EL element was formed by depositing metal Al on the electron transport layer to a thickness of 80 nm to form a metal cathode. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 2 shows the results of driving voltage and luminous efficiency.
- Example 2 an organic EL device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner except that the compound (B) having the following structure was used instead of the compound 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
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Abstract
Description
有機EL素子は、発光層に種々の発光材料を用いることにより、多様な発光色を得ることが可能であることから、ディスプレイ等への実用化研究が盛んである。特に赤色、緑色、青色の三原色の発光材料の研究が最も活発であり、特性向上を目指して鋭意研究がなされている。
これらの置換基は、さらに上述の任意の置換基により置換されていてもよい。
A1~A18は、それぞれ独立に、CH、CR1又は窒素原子Nを表し、R1は置換基を表わす。
B1、B2及びB3は、それぞれ独立に、CH、CR2又は窒素原子Nを表し、R2は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のハロアルキル基、シアノ基又はハロゲン原子を表わす。
式(1)のA1~A8、B1及びB2のうち、少なくとも1つはNである。
式(2)のA1~A3、A9~A13、B1及びB2のうち、少なくとも1つはNである。
式(3)のA1~A3、A14~A18、B1及びB3のうち、少なくとも1つはNである。
R1が複数存在する場合、複数のR1は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、R2が複数存在する場合、複数のR2は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。
隣接するR1同士、及びR1とR2同士は、それぞれ独立に、互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよい。
以下、R1、R2及び後述するR11等の基の具体例を示す。
また、前記環形成炭素数6~50(好ましくは環形成炭素数6~25、より好ましくは環形成炭素数6~18)のアリーレン基としては、上記アリール基より水素原子を除いてなるものが挙げられる。
Yは、それぞれ独立に、単結合、C(R201)(R202)、酸素原子、硫黄原子又はN(R203)を表し、
R201、R202及びR203は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は置換基を表わし、mは、それぞれ独立に、0又は1を表す。
上記式中、複数のAは互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、複数のYは互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、複数のmは互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。
mが0の場合、Yは存在しない。]
上記式中における置換基としては、上述のものと同様のものが挙げられる。
前記炭素数1~50(好ましくは1~18、より好ましくは1~8)のアルキル基及び環形成炭素数6~50のアリール基(好ましくは6~25、より好ましくは6~18)から選ばれる置換基を有するモノ置換又はジ置換アミノ基としては、上記アルキル基及び上記アリール基から選ばれる置換基を有するモノ置換又はジ置換アミノ基が挙げられる。
前記炭素数1~50(好ましくは1~18、より好ましくは1~8)のアルキル基を有するアルコキシ基としては、上記アルキル基を有するアルコキシ基が挙げられる。
前記環形成炭素数6~50(好ましくは6~25、より好ましくは6~18)のアリール基を有するアリールオキシ基としては、上記アリール基を有するアリールオキシ基が挙げられる。
前記炭素数1~50(好ましくは1~18、より好ましくは1~8)のハロアルキル基としては、上記アルキル基の水素原子の1以上が、ハロゲン原子(フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)により置換されたものが挙げられる。
前記炭素数1~50(好ましくは1~18、より好ましくは1~8)のアルキル基及び前記環形成炭素数6~50(好ましくは6~25、より好ましくは6~18)のアリール基から選ばれる置換基を有するジ置換ホスフォリル基としては、上記アルキル基及び上記アリール基から選ばれる置換基を有するジ置換ホスフォリル基が挙げられる。
飽和の環としては、それぞれ、環形成炭素数3~50(好ましくは3~6、より好ましくは5又は6)の脂肪族炭化水素環が好ましい。
また、不飽和の環としては、それぞれ、環形成炭素数6~50(好ましくは6~24、より好ましくは6~18)の芳香族炭化水素環、又は環形成原子数5~50(好ましくは5~24、より好ましくは5~13)の芳香族複素環が好ましい。
同様に、式(2)のA1~A3及びA9~A13の少なくとも1つは、CR1であり、式(3)のA1~A3及びA14~A18の少なくとも1つは、CR1であり、R1の少なくとも1つが、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~60の芳香族炭化水素基、又は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数3~60の複素環基であることが好ましい。
環形成原子数3~60の複素環基としては、置換基の例として上述した環形成原子数5~50のヘテロアリール基が挙げられる。
さらに、B1~B3が、それぞれ独立に、窒素原子N、C-H、又は立体障害の小さい直鎖アルキル基(炭素数1~2)であることが好ましい。これにより、Xと隣接分子のHとの間に水素結合が生じ、配向性を持った分子が基板に平行な面を形成する。結果として、層間をキャリアが高速で移動し、素子が低電圧で動作する。
式(5)において、R11~R20は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、水素原子、又は置換基を表し、少なくとも1つは単結合又は連結基を介して前記式(1)のA1~A8、前記式(2)のA1~A3及びA9~A13、前記式(3)のA1~A3及びA14~A18のいずれかが示す炭素原子と結合する。
置換基の例は、上述したR1等と同様である。
A1a~A18a、B1a、B2a、及びB3aは、それぞれ独立に、上述した式(1)~(3)のA1~A18、B1、B2、及びB3と同様な基、又は、式(5)で示す構造を有する基もしくはLと結合する結合手を有する炭素原子である。
Lは、単結合又は連結基である。連結基としては、置換若しくは無置換の芳香族環が好ましく、例えば、フェニレン基等が好ましい。各式において、2つの括弧内の基は、単結合又は連結基Lを介して結合している。
式(1-1)のA1a~A8aのうち、少なくとも1つ、式(2-1)のA1a~A3a及びA9a~A13aのうち、少なくとも1つ、並びに式(3-1)のA1a~A3a及びA14a~A18a、のうち、少なくとも1つは、L又はR11~R20のいずれか1つと結合する結合手を有する炭素原子である。R11~R20のいずれか1つは単結合であり、L又はA1a~A18aのいずれかが示す炭素原子と結合する。
式(6)において、A21~A28は、それぞれ独立に、CH、CR22又はNを表し、R22は単結合又は置換基を表す。置換基の例は、上述したR1等と同様である。
R22が複数ある場合、複数のR22は同一でも異なっていてもよく、隣接するR22同士が結合して環構造を形成してもよい。環構造は、飽和の環でも不飽和の環でもよく、具体例は上述した式(1)等の置換基の場合と同様である。
R21は、単結合、水素原子又は置換基を表す。置換基の例は、上述したR1等と同様である。
R21及びR22の少なくとも1つは、単結合又は連結基を介して前記式(1)のA1~A8、前記式(2)のA1~A3及びA9~A13、前記式(3)のA1~A3及びA14~A18のいずれかが示す炭素原子と結合する。
A1a~A18a、B1a、B2a、及びB3aは、それぞれ独立に、上述した式(1)~(3)のA1~A18、B1、B2及びB3と同様な基、又は、式(6)で示す構造を有する基もしくはLと結合する結合手を有する炭素原子である。
Lは、単結合又は連結基である。連結基としては、置換若しくは無置換の芳香族環が挙げられる。各式において、2つの括弧内の基は、単結合又は連結基Lを介して結合している。
式(1-2)のA1a~A8aのうち、少なくとも1つ、式(2-2)のA1a~A3a及びA9a~A13aのうち、少なくとも1つ、並びに式(3-2)のA1a~A3a、A14a~A18a及びのうち、少なくとも1つは炭素原子であり、L又はA21~A28及び窒素原子Nのいずれか1つと結合する。
A21~A28のR22及びR21のいずれか1つは単結合であり、L又はA1~A19のいずれかが示す炭素原子と結合する。
以下に、式(1)~(3)で表される化合物の一例を示す。
本発明の有機EL素子用材料は、有機EL素子における材料として有用であり、例えば、蛍光発光ユニットの発光層におけるホスト材料及びドーパント材料や、燐光発光ユニットの発光層におけるホスト材料として用いることができる。また、蛍光発光ユニット及び燐光発光ユニットのいずれにおいても、有機EL素子の陽極と発光層との間に設けられる陽極側有機薄膜層や、有機EL素子の陰極と発光層との間に設けられる陰極側有機薄膜層の材料、すなわち、正孔輸送層、正孔注入層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、正孔阻止層、電子阻止層等の材料としても有用である。
尚、「発光ユニット」とは、一層以上の有機層を含み、そのうちの一層が発光層であり、注入された正孔と電子が再結合することにより発光することができる最小単位をいう。
本発明の一態様である有機EL素子は、陰極と陽極の間に発光層を含有する1以上の有機薄膜層を有し、この有機薄膜層のうちの少なくとも1層が前述した有機EL素子用材料を含むことを特徴とする。
前述の有機EL素子用材料が含まれる有機薄膜層の例としては、陽極と発光層との間に設けられる陽極側有機薄膜層(正孔輸送層、正孔注入層等)、発光層、陰極と発光層との間に設けられる陰極側有機薄膜層(電子輸送層、電子注入層等)、スペース層、障壁層等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。前述の有機EL素子用材料は、上記いずれの層に含まれていてもよく、例えば、蛍光発光ユニットの発光層におけるホスト材料やドーパント材料、燐光発光ユニットの発光層におけるホスト材料、発光ユニットの正孔輸送層、電子輸送層等として用いることができる。
(1)陽極/発光ユニット/陰極
また、上記発光ユニットは、燐光発光層や蛍光発光層を複数有する積層型であってもよく、その場合、各発光層の間に、燐光発光層で生成された励起子が蛍光発光層に拡散することを防ぐ目的で、スペース層を有していてもよい。発光ユニットの代表的な層構成を以下に示す。
(a)正孔輸送層/発光層(/電子輸送層)
(b)正孔輸送層/第一燐光発光層/第二燐光発光層(/電子輸送層)
(c)正孔輸送層/燐光発光層/スペース層/蛍光発光層(/電子輸送層)
(d)正孔輸送層/第一燐光発光層/第二燐光発光層/スペース層/蛍光発光層(/電子輸送層)
(e)正孔輸送層/第一燐光発光層/スペース層/第二燐光発光層/スペース層/蛍光発光層(/電子輸送層)
(f)正孔輸送層/燐光発光層/スペース層/第一蛍光発光層/第二蛍光発光層(/電子輸送層)
(g)正孔輸送層/電子障壁層/発光層(/電子輸送層)
(h)正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔障壁層(/電子輸送層)
(i)正孔輸送層/蛍光発光層/トリプレット障壁層(/電子輸送層)
尚、各発光層と正孔輸送層あるいはスペース層との間には、適宜、電子障壁層を設けてもよい。また、各発光層と電子輸送層との間には、適宜、正孔障壁層を設けてもよい。電子障壁層や正孔障壁層を設けることで、電子又は正孔を発光層内に閉じ込めて、発光層における電荷の再結合確率を高め、寿命を向上させることができる。
(2)陽極/第一発光ユニット/中間層/第二発光ユニット/陰極
ここで、上記第一発光ユニット及び第二発光ユニットとしては、例えば、それぞれ独立に上述の発光ユニットと同様のものを選択することができる。
上記中間層は、一般的に、中間電極、中間導電層、電荷発生層、電子引抜層、接続層、中間絶縁層とも呼ばれ、第一発光ユニットに電子を、第二発光ユニットに正孔を供給する、公知の材料構成を用いることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子は、透光性基板上に作製する。透光性基板は有機EL素子を支持する基板であり、400nm~700nmの可視領域の光の透過率が50%以上で平滑な基板が好ましい。具体的には、ガラス板、ポリマー板等が挙げられる。ガラス板としては、特にソーダ石灰ガラス、バリウム・ストロンチウム含有ガラス、鉛ガラス、アルミノケイ酸ガラス、ホウケイ酸ガラス、バリウムホウケイ酸ガラス、石英等を原料として用いてなるものを挙げられる。またポリマー板としては、ポリカーボネート、アクリル、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエーテルサルファイド、ポリサルフォン等を原料として用いてなるものを挙げることができる。
有機EL素子の陽極は、正孔を正孔輸送層又は発光層に注入する役割を担うものであり、4.5eV以上の仕事関数を有するものを用いることが効果的である。陽極材料の具体例としては、酸化インジウム錫合金(ITO)、酸化錫(NESA)、酸化インジウム亜鉛酸化物、金、銀、白金、銅等が挙げられる。陽極はこれらの電極物質を蒸着法やスパッタリング法等の方法で薄膜を形成させることにより作製することができる。発光層からの発光を陽極から取り出す場合、陽極の可視領域の光の透過率を10%より大きくすることが好ましい。また、陽極のシート抵抗は、数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。陽極の膜厚は、材料にもよるが、通常10nm~1μm、好ましくは10nm~200nmの範囲で選択される。
陰極は電子注入層、電子輸送層又は発光層に電子を注入する役割を担うものであり、仕事関数の小さい材料により形成するのが好ましい。陰極材料は特に限定されないが、具体的にはインジウム、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、マグネシウム-インジウム合金、マグネシウム-アルミニウム合金、アルミニウム-リチウム合金、アルミニウム-スカンジウム-リチウム合金、マグネシウム-銀合金等が使用できる。陰極も、陽極と同様に、蒸着法やスパッタリング法等の方法で薄膜を形成させることにより作製することができる。また、必要に応じて、陰極側から発光を取り出してもよい。
発光機能を有する有機層であって、ドーピングシステムを採用する場合、ホスト材料とドーパント材料を含んでいる。このとき、ホスト材料は、主に電子と正孔の再結合を促し、励起子を発光層内に閉じ込める機能を有し、ドーパント材料は、再結合で得られた励起子を効率的に発光させる機能を有する。
燐光素子の場合、ホスト材料は主にドーパントで生成された励起子を発光層内に閉じ込める機能を有する。
また、量子収率の高いドーパント材料を二種類以上入れることによって、それぞれのドーパントが発光するダブルドーパントを採用してもよい。具体的には、ホスト、赤色ドーパント及び緑色ドーパントを共蒸着することによって、発光層を共通化して黄色発光を実現する態様が挙げられる。
発光層への正孔の注入し易さと電子の注入し易さは異なっていてもよく、また、発光層中での正孔と電子の移動度で表される正孔輸送能と電子輸送能が異なっていてもよい。
発光層は、分子堆積膜であることが好ましい。分子堆積膜とは、気相状態の材料化合物から沈着され形成された薄膜や、溶液状態又は液相状態の材料化合物から固体化され形成された膜のことである。通常、この分子堆積膜は、LB法により形成された薄膜(分子累積膜)とは、凝集構造の相違や、高次構造の相違、またはそれに起因する機能的な相違により区分することができる。
燐光ドーパントとして好ましい有機金属錯体の具体例を、以下に示す。
具体例の下にある略号PQIr(iridium(III)bis(2-phenylquinolyl-N,C2’)acetylacetonate)及びIr(ppy)3(トリス(2-フェニルピリジナト-N,C2’)イリジウム(III))は、その略号の上にある有機金属錯体の略号である。
本発明の有機EL素子用材料とそれ以外の化合物を同一の発光層内の燐光ホスト材料として併用してもよいし、複数の発光層がある場合には、そのうちの一つの発光層の燐光ホスト材料として本発明の有機EL素子用材料を用い、別の一つの発光層の燐光ホスト材料として本発明の有機EL素子用材料以外の化合物を用いてもよい。また、本発明の有機EL素子用材料は発光層以外の有機層にも使用しうるものであり、その場合には発光層の燐光ホストとして、本発明の有機EL素子用材料以外の化合物を用いてもよい。
前記第2ホスト材料としては、特に限定されず、本発明の有機EL素子用材料以外の化合物であり、かつ燐光ホストとして好適な化合物として前記した化合物と同じものが挙げられる。第2ホストとしては、カルバゾール誘導体、アリールアミン誘導体、フルオレノン誘導体、芳香族第三アミン化合物が好ましい。
R81~R88は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数5~50の複素環基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~50のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリールオキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリールチオ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数2~50のアルコキシカルボニル基、置換もしくは無置換のシリル基、カルボキシル基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基又はヒドロキシル基である。)
上記環形成炭素数6~50のアリール基としては、いずれも、環形成炭素数6~40のアリール基が好ましく、環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基がより好ましい。
上記環形成原子数5~50の複素環基としては、いずれも、環形成原子数5~40の複素環基が好ましく、環形成原子数5~30の複素環基がより好ましい。
上記炭素数1~50のアルキル基としては、炭素数1~30のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数1~10のアルキル基がより好ましく、炭素数1~5のアルキル基がさらに好ましい。
上記炭素数1~50のアルコキシ基としては、炭素数1~30のアルコキシ基が好ましく、炭素数1~10のアルコキシ基がより好ましく、炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基がさらに好ましい。
上記炭素数7~50のアラルキル基としては、炭素数7~30のアラルキル基が好ましく、炭素数7~20のアラルキル基がより好ましい。
上記環形成炭素数6~50のアリールオキシ基としては、環形成炭素数6~40のアリールオキシ基が好ましく、環形成炭素数6~30のアリールオキシ基がより好ましい。
上記環形成炭素数6~50のアリールチオ基としては、環形成炭素数6~40のアリールチオ基が好ましく、環形成炭素数6~30のアリールチオ基がより好ましい。
上記炭素数2~50のアルコキシカルボニル基としては、炭素数2~30のアルコキシカルボニル基が好ましく、炭素数2~10のアルコキシカルボニル基がより好ましく、炭素数2~5のアルコキシカルボニル基がさらに好ましい。
上記ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子等が挙げられる。
特に、Ar31及びAr32は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリール基であることが好ましい。
R81~R88は、好ましいものも前記同様である。また、R89の好ましいものも、R81~R88と同様である。aは1~3の整数が好ましく、1又は2がより好ましい。
Ar33が表す環形成炭素数6~50のアリール基としては、環形成炭素数6~40のアリール基が好ましく、環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基がより好ましく、環形成炭素数6~20のアリール基がさらに好ましく、環形成炭素数6~12のアリール基が特に好ましい。
アリールジアミン誘導体としては、より具体的には、下記式(11)で表されるアリールジアミン誘導体が好ましい。
L21は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリーレン基又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数5~50のヘテロアリーレン基を表す。)
上記環形成炭素数6~50のアリール基としては、環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基が好ましく、環形成炭素数6~20のアリール基がより好ましく、環形成炭素数6~12のアリール基がさらに好ましく、フェニル基、ナフチル基が特に好ましい。
上記環形成原子数5~50のヘテロアリール基としては、環形成原子数5~40のヘテロアリール基が好ましく、環形成原子数5~30のヘテロアリール基がより好ましく、環形成原子数5~20のヘテロアリール基がさらに好ましい。ヘテロアリール基としては、カルバゾリル基、ジベンゾフラニル基、ジベンゾチオフェニル基などが挙げられ、ジベンゾフラニル基が好ましい。該ヘテロアリール基の好ましい置換基としては、環形成炭素数6~30(好ましくは6~20、より好ましくは6~12)のアリール基が挙げられ、フェニル基、ナフチル基がより好ましい。
上記環形成炭素数6~50のアリーレン基としては、環形成炭素数6~40のアリーレン基が好ましく、環形成炭素数6~30のアリーレン基がより好ましく、環形成炭素数6~20のアリーレン基がさらに好ましく、ピレニル基が特に好ましい。
本発明の有機EL素子は、陰極と発光ユニットとの界面領域に電子供与性ドーパントを有することも好ましい。このような構成によれば、有機EL素子における発光輝度の向上や長寿命化が図られる。ここで、電子供与性ドーパントとは、仕事関数3.8eV以下の金属を含有するものをいい、その具体例としては、アルカリ金属、アルカリ金属錯体、アルカリ金属化合物、アルカリ土類金属、アルカリ土類金属錯体、アルカリ土類金属化合物、希土類金属、希土類金属錯体、及び希土類金属化合物等から選ばれた少なくとも一種類が挙げられる。
本発明の有機EL素子における、主成分と電子供与性ドーパントの割合は、モル比で主成分:電子供与性ドーパント=5:1~1:5であると好ましく、2:1~1:2であるとさらに好ましい。
電子輸送層は、発光層と陰極との間に形成される有機層であって、電子を陰極から発光層へ輸送する機能を有する。電子輸送層が複数層で構成される場合、陰極に近い有機層を電子注入層と定義することがある。電子注入層は、陰極から電子を効率的に有機層ユニットに注入する機能を有する。本発明の有機EL素子用材料は、電子輸送層を形成する電子輸送層用材料としても好適である。
この含窒素環誘導体としては、例えば、下記式(A)で表される含窒素環金属キレート錯体が好ましい。
置換されていてもよいアミノ基の例としては、アルキルアミノ基、アリールアミノ基、アラルキルアミノ基が挙げられる。
アルキルアミノ基及びアラルキルアミノ基は-NQ1Q2と表される。Q1及びQ2は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~20のアルキル基又は炭素数1~20のアラルキル基を表す。Q1及びQ2の一方は水素原子又は重水素原子であってもよい。
アリールアミノ基は-NAr1Ar2と表され、Ar1及びAr2は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数6~50の非縮合芳香族炭化水素基又は縮合芳香族炭化水素基を表す。Ar1及びAr2の一方は水素原子又は重水素原子であってもよい。
アルコキシカルボニル基は-COOY’と表され、Y’は炭素数1~20のアルキル基を表す。
Mは、アルミニウム(Al)、ガリウム(Ga)又はインジウム(In)であり、Inであると好ましい。
Lは、下記式(A’)又は(A”)で表される基である。
HAr-L1-Ar1-Ar2 (D1)
前記式(D1)中、HArは、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~40の含窒素複素環基であり、L1は単結合、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~40の芳香族炭化水素基又は縮合芳香族炭化水素基又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~40の芳香族複素環基又は縮合芳香族複素環基であり、Ar1は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~40の2価の芳香族炭化水素基であり、Ar2は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~40の芳香族炭化水素基又は縮合芳香族炭化水素基又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~40の芳香族複素環基又は縮合芳香族複素環基である。
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数5~50のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基である。
Ar1は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリール基又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数5~50のヘテロアリール基である。
Ar2は、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリール基又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数5~50のヘテロアリール基である。
Ar3は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリーレン基又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数5~50のヘテロアリーレン基である。
L1、L2及びL3は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数9~50の2価の縮合芳香族複素環基である。)
環形成原子数5~50のヘテロアリール基としては、ピローリル基、フリル基、チエニル基、シローリル基、ピリジル基、キノリル基、イソキノリル基、べンゾフリル基、イミダゾリル基、ピリミジル基、カルバゾリル基、セレノフェニル基、オキサジアゾリル基、トリアゾーリル基、ピラジニル基、ピリダジニル基、トリアジニル基、キノキサリニル基、アクリジニル基、イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジニル基、イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリミジニル基等が挙げられる。
炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基としては、前記アルキル基の1又は2以上の水素原子をフッ素、塩素、ヨウ素及び臭素から選ばれる少なくとも1のハロゲン原子で置換して得られる基が挙げられる。
炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基としては、前記アルキル基をアルキル部位としては有する基が挙げられる。
環形成炭素数6~50のアリーレン基としては、前記アリール基から水素原子1個を除去して得られる基が挙げられる。
環形成原子数9~50の2価の縮合芳香族複素環基としては、前記ヘテロアリール基として記載した縮合芳香族複素環基から水素原子1個を除去して得られる基が挙げられる。
また、電子輸送層に隣接して設けることができる電子注入層の構成成分として、含窒素環誘導体の他に無機化合物として、絶縁体又は半導体を使用することが好ましい。電子注入層が絶縁体や半導体で構成されていれば、電流のリークを有効に防止して、電子注入性を向上させることができる。
発光層と陽極との間に形成される有機層であって、正孔を陽極から発光層へ輸送する機能を有する。正孔輸送層が複数層で構成される場合、陽極に近い有機層を正孔注入層と定義することがある。正孔注入層は、陽極から正孔を効率的に有機層ユニットに注入する機能を有する。
また、前記式(H)において、Lは置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50の芳香族炭化水素基又は縮合芳香族炭化水素基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数5~50の芳香族複素環基又は縮合芳香族複素環基を表す。
正孔輸送層の膜厚は特に限定されないが、10~200nmであるのが好ましい。
前記アクセプター材料としては下記式(K)で表される化合物が好ましい。
R27としては、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、t-ブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
アクセプター材料を含有する層の膜厚は特に限定されないが、5~20nmであるのが好ましい。
上述の正孔輸送層や電子輸送層においては、特許第3695714号明細書に記載されているように、ドナー性材料のドーピング(n)やアクセプター性材料のドーピング(p)により、キャリア注入能を調整することができる。
nドーピングの代表例としては、電子輸送材料にLiやCs等の金属をドーピングする方法が挙げられ、pドーピングの代表例としては、正孔輸送材料にF4TCNQ(2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane)等のアクセプター材料をドーピングする方法が挙げられる。
上記スペース層とは、例えば、蛍光発光層と燐光発光層とを積層する場合に、燐光発光層で生成する励起子を蛍光発光層に拡散させない、あるいは、キャリアバランスを調整する目的で、蛍光発光層と燐光発光層との間に設けられる層である。また、スペース層は、複数の燐光発光層の間に設けることもできる。
スペース層は発光層間に設けられるため、電子輸送性と正孔輸送性を兼ね備える材料であることが好ましい。また、隣接する燐光発光層内の三重項エネルギーの拡散を防ぐため、三重項エネルギーが2.6eV以上であることが好ましい。スペース層に用いられる材料としては、上述の正孔輸送層に用いられるものと同様のものが挙げられる。
本発明の有機EL素子は、発光層に隣接する部分に、電子障壁層、正孔障壁層、トリプレット障壁層といった障壁層を有することが好ましい。ここで、電子障壁層とは、発光層から正孔輸送層へ電子が漏れることを防ぐ層であり、正孔障壁層とは、発光層から電子輸送層へ正孔が漏れることを防ぐ層である。
トリプレット障壁層は、発光層で生成する三重項励起子が、周辺の層へ拡散することを防止し、三重項励起子を発光層内に閉じ込めることによって三重項励起子の発光ドーパント以外の電子輸送層の分子上でのエネルギー失活を抑制する機能を有する。
電子注入層は、電界強度0.04~0.5MV/cmの範囲において、10-6cm2/Vs以上であることが望ましい。これにより陰極からの電子輸送層への電子注入が促進され、ひいては隣接する障壁層、発光層への電子注入も促進し、より低電圧での駆動を可能にするためである。
また、本発明の有機EL素子は、テレビ、携帯端末、パーソナルコンピュータ等の表示装置や、照明等の電子機器に使用できる。
アルゴン雰囲気下、5-ブロモ-2-フルオロアニリン(45.6g,240mmol)に水(120mL)を加え撹拌し、濃塩酸(120mL)を加えた後、-20℃まで冷却し、亜硝酸ナトリウム(19.9g,288mmol)と水(80mL)の水溶液を滴下した。-20℃で20分撹拌した後、ヨウ化カリウム(59.8g,360mmol)と水(60mL)の水溶液を加え、30分撹拌した。ヘキサンで抽出した後、有機層を飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製し、5-ブロモ-2-フルオロヨードベンゼン(54.6g,181mmol)(収率76%)を得た。
2-メトキシキノリン(20.0g,126mmol)、トリイソプロポキシボラン(59.1g,314mmol、テトラヒドロフラン(脱水)(200mL)を混合し、-78℃に冷却した。そこへn-ブチルリチウム(1.6M in hexane,86mL,138mmol)を加え、-78℃で4時間撹拌し、室温に5時間掛けて昇温した。反応終了後、飽和NH4Cl溶液(100mL)を加え、HCl(3M)溶液をpHが5になるまで加えた。その後、有機層を濃縮して得た固体を水で懸濁洗浄し、濾過回収して2-メトキシキノリン-3-ボロン酸(19.7g,97.0mmol)(収率77%)を得た。
アルゴン雰囲気下、2-メトキシキノリン-3-ボロン酸(12.0g,59.1mmol)、5-ブロモ-2-フルオロヨードベンゼン(18.7g,62.1mmol)、テトラキストリフェニルホスフィンパラジウム(1.37g,1.18mmol)、1,2-ジメトキシエタン(100mL)、炭酸ナトリウム水溶液(2M,100mL)を混合し、6時間加熱還流下で撹拌した。室温まで冷却後、反応溶液をトルエンで抽出し、水層を除去した後、有機層を飽和食塩水で洗浄した。有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させた後、濃縮し、残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製して2-メトキシ-3-(2-フルオロ-5-ブロモフェニル)キノリン(12.8g,38.4mmol)(収率65%)を得た。
2-メトキシ-3-(2-フルオロ-5-ブロモフェニル)キノリン(12.0g,36.1mmol)、ジクロロメタン(脱水)(360mL)を混合し、-78℃に冷却した。BBr3(1M in dichloromethane, 54.2mL,54.2mmol)を加え、その後室温まで3時間掛けて昇温した。反応終了後、溶液を-78℃に冷却し、メタノールで慎重に失活し、さらに十分量の水で失活した。溶液をジクロロメタンで抽出し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した後、短いシリカゲルショートカラムクロマトグラフィーに通した。その後、溶液を濃縮乾燥し、2-ヒドロキシ-3-(2-フルオロ-5-ブロモフェニル)キノリン(5.05g,15.9mmol)(収率44%)を得た。
2-ヒドロキシ-3-(2-フルオロ-5-ブロモフェニル)キノリン(7.30g,22.9mmol)、N-メチル-2-ピロリジノン(脱水)(70mL)、K2CO3(6.33g,45.8mmol)を混合し、120℃で2時間撹拌した。反応終了後、溶液を室温まで冷却し、トルエンで希釈した後、水で洗浄した。この溶液を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した後、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製し、中間体(A)(4.92g,16.5mmol)(収率72%)を得た。
中間体(A)(2.65g,8.90mmol)、テトラヒドロフラン(脱水)(100mL)を混合し、-78℃に冷却した。その後、n-ブチル(n-Bu)Li(1.60M in hexane,5.85mL,9.35mmol)を加え、0℃まで2時間掛けて昇温した。次に再度-78℃に冷却し、トリメトキシボラン(2.31g,22.3mmol)を加えて-78℃で10分間撹拌した後、室温まで5時間掛けて昇温した。反応終了後、HCl溶液(1M,25mL)を加え、室温で1時間撹拌し、酢酸エチルで抽出した。この溶液を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した後、濃縮し、ヘキサンで懸濁洗浄、濾過回収して中間体(B)(960mg,3.65mmol)(収率41%)を得た。
実施例1
25mm×75mm×1.1mm厚のITO透明電極(陽極)付きガラス基板(ジオマティック社製)をイソプロピルアルコール中で超音波洗浄を5分間行なった後、UVオゾン洗浄を30分間行なった。洗浄後の透明電極ライン付きガラス基板を真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに装着し、まず透明電極ラインが形成されている側の面上に前記透明電極を覆うようにして膜厚60nmの化合物A-1を成膜した。A-1膜の成膜に続けて、このA-1膜上に膜厚20nmのA-2を成膜した。
実施例1において、化合物3の代わりに下記構造の化合物(A)を用いた以外は同様にして有機EL素子を作製し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1と同様に、発光層までを成膜した。発光層上に電子輸送層として上記合成例6で合成した化合物1及びリチウム8-ヒドロキシキノレート(Liq)を、1:1の膜厚比で共蒸着により、膜厚35nmで成膜した。この電子輸送層上に金属Alを80nm蒸着させ金属陰極を形成することにより、有機EL素子を形成した。評価は、実施例1と同様に行った。駆動電圧及び発光効率の結果を表2に示す。
実施例2において、化合物1の代わりに下記構造の化合物(B)を用いた以外は同様にして有機EL素子を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
本願のパリ優先の基礎となる日本出願明細書の内容を全てここに援用する。
Claims (18)
- 下記式(1)~(3)のいずれかで表される化合物を含有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
Xは、硫黄原子S又は酸素原子Oを表し、
A1~A18は、それぞれ独立に、CH、CR1又は窒素原子Nを表し、R1は置換基を表わす。
B1、B2及びB3は、それぞれ独立に、CH、CR2又は窒素原子Nを表し、R2は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のハロアルキル基、シアノ基又はハロゲン原子を表わす。
式(1)のA1~A8、B1及びB2のうち、少なくとも1つはNである。
式(2)のA1~A3、A9~A13、B1及びB2のうち、少なくとも1つはNである。
式(3)のA1~A3、A14~A18、B1及びB3のうち、少なくとも1つはNである。
R1が複数存在する場合、複数のR1は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、R2が複数存在する場合、複数のR2は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。
隣接するR1同士、及びR1とR2同士は、それぞれ独立に、互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよい。] - 前記式(1)のA1~A8の少なくとも1つは、CR1であり、
前記式(2)のA1~A3及びA9~A13の少なくとも1つは、CR1であり、
前記式(3)のA1~A3及びA14~A18の少なくとも1つは、CR1であり、
前記R1の少なくとも1つが、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~60の芳香族炭化水素基、又は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数3~60の複素環基である請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。 - 前記式(1)のA1~A8、B1及びB2の少なくとも2つ、前記式(2)のA1~A3、A9~A13、B1及びB2の少なくとも2つ、及び前記式(3)のA1~A3、A14~A18、B1及びB3の少なくとも2つは、窒素原子Nである、請求項1又は2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
- 下記式(1-1)~(3-1)のいずれかで表される化合物を含有する請求項4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
A1a~A18a、B1a、B2a、及びB3aは、それぞれ独立に、上述した式(1)~(3)のA1~A18、B1、B2、及びB3と同様な基、又は、式(5)で示す構造を有する基もしくはLと結合する結合手を有する炭素原子である。
Lは、単結合又は連結基である。各式において、2つの括弧内の基は、単結合又は連結基Lを介して結合している。
式(1-1)のA1a~A8aのうち、少なくとも1つ、式(2-1)のA1a~A3a及びA9a~A13aのうち、少なくとも1つ、並びに式(3-1)のA1a~A3a及びA14a~A18a、のうち、少なくとも1つは、L又はR11~R20のいずれか1つと結合する結合手を有する炭素原子である。R11~R20のいずれか1つは単結合であり、L又はA1a~A18aのいずれかが示す炭素原子と結合する。) - 前記R20が置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数5~50のヘテロアリール基である請求項4~6のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
- 前記R1の少なくとも1つが、下記式(6)で表される構造を含む請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
R21は、単結合、水素原子又は置換基を表す。
R21及びR22の少なくとも1つは単結合又は連結基を介して前記式(1)のA1~A8、前記式(2)のA1~A3及びA9~A13、前記式(3)のA1~A3及びA14~A18のいずれかが示す炭素原子と結合する。) - 式(1-2)~(3-2)のいずれかで表される化合物を含有する請求項8に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
A1a~A18a、B1a、B2a、及びB3aは、それぞれ独立に、上述した式(1)~(3)のA1~A18、B1、B2及びB3と同様な基、又は、式(6)で示す構造を有する基もしくはLと結合する結合手を有する炭素原子である。
Lは、単結合又は連結基である。各式において、2つの括弧内の基は、単結合又は連結基Lを介して結合している。
式(1-2)のA1a~A8aのうち、少なくとも1つ、式(2-2)のA1a~A3a及びA9a~A13aのうち、少なくとも1つ、並びに式(3-2)のA1a~A3a、A14a~A18a及びのうち、少なくとも1つは炭素原子であり、L又はA21~A28及び窒素原子Nのいずれか1つと結合する。
A21~A28のR22及びR21のいずれか1つは単結合であり、L又はA1~A19のいずれかが示す炭素原子と結合する。) - 前記B1、B2、B3、B1a、B2a及びB3aが、それぞれ独立に、窒素原子N又はC-Hである請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
- 陰極と陽極との間に発光層を含む1以上の有機薄膜層を有し、前記有機薄膜層の少なくとも1層が、請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料を含有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層が前記有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料を含有する請求項11に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記陽極と前記発光層との間に、さらに陽極側有機薄膜層を有し、該陽極側有機薄膜層が前記有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料を含有する請求項11又は12に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記陰極と前記発光層との間に、さらに陰極側有機薄膜層を有し、該陰極側有機薄膜層が前記有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料を含有する請求項11~13のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層が蛍光発光材料を含有する請求項11~14のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層が燐光発光材料を含有する請求項11~14のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記燐光発光材料が、イリジウム(Ir)、オスミウム(Os)及び白金(Pt)から選択される金属原子のオルトメタル化錯体である請求項16に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項11~17のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を備える電子機器。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3010055A1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
JP6157617B2 (ja) | 2017-07-05 |
JPWO2014199637A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
CN105283977B (zh) | 2017-05-17 |
KR102245875B1 (ko) | 2021-04-28 |
CN105283977A (zh) | 2016-01-27 |
EP3010055A4 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
KR20160018458A (ko) | 2016-02-17 |
EP3010055B1 (en) | 2021-10-20 |
US20160141515A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
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