JP7377216B2 - 表示装置、モジュール及び電子機器 - Google Patents
表示装置、モジュール及び電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7377216B2 JP7377216B2 JP2020560640A JP2020560640A JP7377216B2 JP 7377216 B2 JP7377216 B2 JP 7377216B2 JP 2020560640 A JP2020560640 A JP 2020560640A JP 2020560640 A JP2020560640 A JP 2020560640A JP 7377216 B2 JP7377216 B2 JP 7377216B2
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- light
- light emitting
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- emitting device
- pixel electrode
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
- H10K50/13—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light comprising stacked EL layers within one EL unit
- H10K50/131—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light comprising stacked EL layers within one EL unit with spacer layers between the electroluminescent layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
- H10K50/13—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light comprising stacked EL layers within one EL unit
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- G09F9/301—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements flexible foldable or roll-able electronic displays, e.g. thin LCD, OLED
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
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- H05B33/02—Details
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
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- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
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- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/26—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the composition or arrangement of the conductive material used as an electrode
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/26—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the composition or arrangement of the conductive material used as an electrode
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
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Description
図2A~図2Eは、画素の一例を示す上面図である。
図3A~図3Dは、発光デバイスの積層構造を説明する図である。
図4A~図4Dは、発光デバイスの積層構造を説明する図である。
図5A~図5Dは、発光領域の位置関係を説明する図である。
図6A、図6Bは、発光装置の一例を示す断面図である。図6C、図6Dは、画素の一例を示す上面図である。図6Eは、発光デバイスの積層構造を説明する図である。
図7A~図7Cは、発光装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図8A~図8Cは、発光装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図9は、発光装置の一例を示す斜視図である。
図10A、図10Bは、発光装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図11Aは、発光装置の一例を示す断面図である。図11Bは、トランジスタの一例を示す断面図である。
図12A~図12Dは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図13A~図13Eは、画素の一例を示す上面図である。
図14A~図14Cは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図15A~図15Cは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図16は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図17A、図17Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図18Aは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。図18Bは、トランジスタの一例を示す断面図である。
図19は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図20A、図20Bは、画素回路の一例を示す回路図である。
図21A、図21Bは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図22A~図22Dは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図23A~図23Fは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図24A~図24Dは、実施例の発光デバイスを示す図である。
図25は、実施例1の計算に用いた発光スペクトルを示す図である。
図26は、実施例1の計算結果である発光スペクトルを示す図である。
図27は、実施例1の計算結果であるCIE1931色度座標を示す図である。
図28は、実施例1の計算に用いた屈折率を示す図である。
図29は、実施例2の計算に用いた発光スペクトルを示す図である。
図30は、実施例2の計算結果である発光スペクトルを示す図である。
図31は、実施例2の計算結果である発光スペクトルを示す図である。
図32は、実施例2の計算結果であるCIE1931色度座標を示す図である。
図33は、実施例2の計算結果であるCIE1931色度座標を示す図である。
図34は、実施例3の計算に用いた発光スペクトルを示す図である。
図35は、実施例3の計算結果である発光スペクトルを示す図である。
図36は、実施例3の計算結果であるCIE1931色度座標を示す図である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光装置について図1~図11を用いて説明する。
図2A~図2Eに、画素の構成例を示す。
以下では、図3~図5を用いて、本発明の一態様の発光装置が有する発光デバイスの構成について説明する。
図6A、図6Bに本発明の一態様の発光装置の断面図を示す。
図7Aに発光装置30Aの断面図を示す。
図7Bに発光装置30Bの断面図を示す。なお、以降の発光装置の説明において、先に説明した発光装置と同様の構成については、説明を省略することがある。
図7Cに発光装置30Cの断面図を示す。
図8Aに発光装置30Dの断面図を示す。
図8Bに発光装置30Eの断面図を示す。
図8Cに発光装置30Fの断面図を示す。
図9に、発光装置200Aの斜視図を示し、図10Aに、発光装置200Aの断面図を示す。
図11Aに、発光装置200Bの断面図を示す。
以下では、半導体層に適用可能な金属酸化物について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について図12~図19を用いて説明する。
図13A~図13Eに、画素の一例を示す。
図14Aに表示装置10Aの断面図を示す。
図14Bに表示装置10Bの断面図を示す。なお、以降の表示装置の説明において、先に説明した表示装置と同様の構成については、説明を省略することがある。
図14Cに表示装置10Cの断面図を示す。
図15Aに表示装置10Dの断面図を示す。
図15Bに表示装置10Eの断面図を示す。
図15Cに表示装置10Fの断面図を示す。
図16に、表示装置100Aの断面図を示す。なお、表示装置100Aは、図9に示す発光装置200Aの発光部163を表示部162に変えた構成を有する。この場合、図16に示す構成は、表示装置100A、IC、及びFPCを有する表示モジュールということもできる。
図17Aに、表示装置100Bの断面図を示す。
図18Aに、表示装置100Cの断面図を示す。
図19に、表示装置100Dの断面図を示す。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光デバイスに用いることができる材料について、説明する。
発光デバイスの一対の電極を形成する材料としては、金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物、及びこれらの混合物などを適宜用いることができる。具体的には、In-Sn酸化物(ITOともいう)、In-Si-Sn酸化物(ITSOともいう)、In-Zn酸化物、In-W-Zn酸化物が挙げられる。その他、アルミニウム(Al)、チタン(Ti)、クロム(Cr)、マンガン(Mn)、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)、ニッケル(Ni)、銅(Cu)、ガリウム(Ga)、亜鉛(Zn)、インジウム(In)、スズ(Sn)、モリブデン(Mo)、タンタル(Ta)、タングステン(W)、パラジウム(Pd)、金(Au)、白金(Pt)、銀(Ag)、イットリウム(Y)、ネオジム(Nd)などの金属、及びこれらを適宜組み合わせて含む合金を用いることもできる。その他、上記例示のない元素周期表の第1族または第2族に属する元素(例えば、リチウム(Li)、セシウム(Cs)、カルシウム(Ca)、ストロンチウム(Sr))、ユウロピウム(Eu)、イッテルビウム(Yb)などの希土類金属及びこれらを適宜組み合わせて含む合金、グラフェン等を用いることができる。
正孔注入層は、陽極から発光ユニットに正孔を注入する層であり、正孔注入性の高い材料を含む層である。
発光層は、発光物質を含む層である。発光層は、1種または複数種の発光物質を有することができる。発光物質としては、青色、紫色、青紫色、緑色、黄緑色、黄色、橙色、赤色などの発光色を呈する物質を適宜用いる。また、発光物質として、近赤外光を発する物質を用いることもできる。
電子輸送層は、電子注入層によって、陰極から注入された電子を発光層に輸送する層である。なお、電子輸送層は、電子輸送性材料を含む層である。電子輸送層に用いる電子輸送性材料は、1×10-6cm2/Vs以上の電子移動度を有する物質が好ましい。なお、正孔よりも電子の輸送性の高い物質であれば、これら以外のものも用いることができる。
電子注入層は、電子注入性の高い物質を含む層である。電子注入層には、フッ化リチウム(LiF)、フッ化セシウム(CsF)、フッ化カルシウム(CaF2)、リチウム酸化物(LiOx)等のようなアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、またはそれらの化合物を用いることができる。また、フッ化エルビウム(ErF3)のような希土類金属化合物を用いることができる。また、電子注入層にエレクトライドを用いてもよい。エレクトライドとしては、例えば、カルシウムとアルミニウムの混合酸化物に電子を高濃度添加した物質等が挙げられる。なお、上述した電子輸送層を構成する物質を用いることもできる。
電荷発生層は2つの発光ユニットの間に設けられる。電荷発生層は、陽極と陰極との間に電圧を印加したときに、隣接する一方の発光ユニットに電子を注入し、他方の発光ユニットに正孔を注入する機能を有する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について、図20を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器について、図21~図23を用いて説明する。
上記実施例1で用いたビス{4,6-ジメチル-2-[3-(3,5-ジメチルフェニル)-2-ベンゾ[g]キノキサリニル-κN]フェニル-κC}(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-3,5-ヘプタンジオナト-κ2O,O’)イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(dmdpbq)2(dpm)])の合成方法について、具体的に説明する。[Ir(dmdpbq)2(dpm)]の構造を以下に示す。
まず、ステップ1では、Hdmdpbqを合成した。3,3’,5,5’-テトラメチルベンジル3.20g、2,3-ジアミノナフタレン1.97g、エタノール60mLを、還流管を付けた三口フラスコに入れ、内部を窒素置換した後、90℃で7時間半撹拌した。所定時間経過後、溶媒を留去した。その後、トルエンを展開溶媒とするシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製し、目的物を得た(黄色固体、収量3.73g、収率79%)。ステップ1の合成スキームを(a-1)に示す。
1H-NMR.δ(CD2Cl2):2.28(s,12H),7.01(s,2H),7.16(s,4H),7.56-7.58(m,2H),8.11-8.13(m,2H),8.74(s,2H).
次に、ステップ2では、[Ir(dmdpbq)2Cl]2を合成した。2-エトキシエタノール15mL、水5mL、ステップ1で得たHdmdpbq1.81g、及び、塩化イリジウム水和物(IrCl3・H2O)(フルヤ金属社製)0.66gを、還流管を付けたナスフラスコに入れ、フラスコ内をアルゴン置換した。その後、マイクロ波(2.45GHz 100W)を2時間照射し、反応させた。所定時間経過後、得られた残渣をメタノールで吸引ろ過、洗浄し、目的物を得た(黒色固体、収量1.76g、収率81%)。ステップ2の合成スキームを(a-2)に示す。
そして、ステップ3では、[Ir(dmdpbq)2(dpm)]を合成した。2-エトキシエタノール20mL、ステップ2で得た[Ir(dmdpbq)2Cl]21.75g、ジピバロイルメタン(略称:Hdpm)0.50g、及び、炭酸ナトリウム0.95gを、還流管を付けたナスフラスコに入れ、フラスコ内をアルゴン置換した。その後、マイクロ波(2.45GHz 100W)を3時間照射した。得られた残渣を、メタノールで吸引ろ過した後、水、メタノールで洗浄した。得られた固体を、ジクロロメタンを展開溶媒とするシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製した後、ジクロロメタンとメタノールの混合溶媒にて再結晶することにより、目的物を得た(暗緑色固体、収量0.42g、収率21%)。得られた暗緑色固体0.41gを、トレインサブリメーション法により昇華精製した。昇華精製条件は、圧力2.7Pa、アルゴンガスを流量10.5mL/minで流しながら、300℃で暗緑色固体を加熱した。昇華精製後、暗緑色固体を収率78%で得た。ステップ3の合成スキームを(a-3)に示す。
Claims (16)
- 表示部を有する表示装置であり、
前記表示部は、第1の発光デバイス、第2の発光デバイス、及び受光デバイスを有し、
前記第1の発光デバイスは、可視光及び赤外光の双方を発する機能を有し、
前記第2の発光デバイスは、可視光を発する機能を有し、
前記受光デバイスは、可視光及び赤外光のうち少なくとも一部を吸収する機能を有し、
前記第1の発光デバイスは、第1の画素電極、第1の発光層、第2の発光層、及び共通電極を有し、
前記第1の発光層及び前記第2の発光層は、それぞれ、前記第1の画素電極と前記共通電極との間に位置し、
前記第2の発光デバイスは、第2の画素電極、第3の発光層、及び前記共通電極を有し、
前記第3の発光層は、前記第2の画素電極と前記共通電極との間に位置し、
前記受光デバイスは、第3の画素電極、活性層、及び前記共通電極を有し、
前記活性層は、前記第3の画素電極と前記共通電極との間に位置し、
前記第1の発光層は、赤外光を発する発光材料を有し、
前記第2の発光層及び前記第3の発光層は、それぞれ異なる波長の可視光を発する発光材料を有し、
前記活性層は、有機化合物を有する、表示装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第1の発光デバイスは、共通層を有し、
前記第2の発光デバイスは、前記共通層を有し、
前記受光デバイスは、前記共通層を有し、
前記共通層は、前記第1の画素電極と前記共通電極との間に位置する領域と、前記第2の画素電極と前記共通電極との間に位置する領域と、前記第3の画素電極と前記共通電極との間に位置する領域と、を有する、表示装置。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記第1の発光層は、前記第1の画素電極と前記第2の発光層との間に位置する、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一において、
前記第1の画素電極は、可視光及び赤外光を反射する機能を有し、
前記共通電極は、可視光及び赤外光を透過する機能を有し、
前記第2の発光層は、青色の光を発する発光材料を有する、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一において、
前記第1の発光層は、ピーク波長λaの光を発し、
前記第2の発光層は、ピーク波長λbの光を発し、
前記第1の発光層の発光領域は、前記第1の画素電極からの光学距離がλa/4の±20nm以内の範囲に位置し、
前記第2の発光層の発光領域は、前記第1の画素電極からの光学距離が3λb/4の±20nm以内の範囲に位置する、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一において、
前記第1の発光デバイスは、さらに、正孔輸送層を有し、
前記第1の発光層は、ピーク波長λaの光を発し、
前記第2の発光層は、ピーク波長λbの光を発し、
前記正孔輸送層は、波長λbの光に対する屈折率が、波長λaの光に対する屈折率よりも0.1以上大きい、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一において、
前記第1の発光デバイスは、さらに、電子輸送層を有し、
前記第1の発光層は、ピーク波長λaの光を発し、
前記第2の発光層は、ピーク波長λbの光を発し、
前記電子輸送層は、波長λbの光に対する屈折率が、波長λaの光に対する屈折率よりも0.1以上大きい、表示装置。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記第2の発光層は、前記第1の画素電極と前記第1の発光層との間に位置する、表示装置。 - 請求項8において、
前記第1の画素電極は、可視光及び赤外光を透過する機能を有し、
前記共通電極は、可視光及び赤外光を反射する機能を有し、
前記第2の発光層は、青色の光を発する発光材料を有する、表示装置。 - 請求項8または請求項9において、
前記第1の発光層は、ピーク波長λaの光を発し、
前記第2の発光層は、ピーク波長λbの光を発し、
前記第1の発光層の発光領域は、前記第1の画素電極からの光学距離が3λa/4の±20nm以内の範囲に位置し、
前記第2の発光層の発光領域は、前記第1の画素電極からの光学距離がλb/4の±20nm以内の範囲に位置する、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか一において、
前記第1の発光デバイスは、さらに、電荷発生層を有し、
前記電荷発生層は、前記第1の発光層と前記第2の発光層との間に位置する、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項11のいずれか一において、
前記第1の発光デバイス及び前記第2の発光デバイスは、それぞれ、微小光共振器構造を有し、
前記第1の発光デバイスが有する前記微小光共振器構造は、赤色、緑色、または青色の光と、赤外光と、の双方を強める構成であり、
前記第2の発光デバイスが有する前記微小光共振器構造は、赤色、緑色、または青色の光を強める構成である、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項12のいずれか一において、
さらに、第3の発光デバイスを有し、
前記第3の発光デバイスは、第4の画素電極、前記第1の発光層、前記第2の発光層、及び前記共通電極を有し、
前記第1の発光デバイス及び前記第3の発光デバイスは、それぞれ、微小光共振器構造を有し、
前記第1の発光デバイスが有する前記微小光共振器構造は、赤外光を強める構成であり、
前記第3の発光デバイスが有する前記微小光共振器構造は、赤色、緑色、または青色の光を強める構成である、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項13のいずれか一において、
前記表示部は、可撓性を有する、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項14のいずれか一に記載の表示装置と、
コネクタまたは集積回路と、を有する、モジュール。 - 請求項15に記載のモジュールと、
アンテナ、バッテリ、筐体、カメラ、スピーカ、マイク、及び操作ボタンのうち、少なくとも一つと、を有する、電子機器。
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