WO2014199558A1 - 半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014199558A1 WO2014199558A1 PCT/JP2014/002501 JP2014002501W WO2014199558A1 WO 2014199558 A1 WO2014199558 A1 WO 2014199558A1 JP 2014002501 W JP2014002501 W JP 2014002501W WO 2014199558 A1 WO2014199558 A1 WO 2014199558A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, and in particular, to detect a main semiconductor element and an abnormal temperature rise when the main semiconductor element is energized immediately on the same semiconductor substrate, and suppress element destruction due to thermal runaway.
- the present invention relates to a technique effective when applied to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device having a temperature detecting diode.
- IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
- load short circuit When an insulated gate bipolar transistor (hereinafter also referred to as IGBT) is used in an inverter or the like, there is a mode of overvoltage and overcurrent called load short circuit.
- IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
- the power device itself has overvoltage and overcurrent resistance such as a function to detect abnormal heat generation due to overvoltage and overcurrent without delay.
- a main semiconductor element such as a power IGBT or a power MOSFET through which a large current flows and a temperature detection diode (temperature sense diode) are integrally incorporated on the same semiconductor substrate. .
- the forward voltage (hereinafter referred to as forward voltage) of a diode has a relationship that linearly decreases as the temperature of the element increases.
- a temperature detection diode layer is formed on the surface of a semiconductor substrate on which a main semiconductor element (hereinafter referred to as a main element) is mounted via an insulating film, a temperature change of the main element can be immediately observed. It can be detected as a voltage change. If the detected temperature of the main element exceeds the allowable temperature of the main element, the main element can be protected from thermal destruction by reducing the gate voltage of the main element and limiting the operating current.
- the potential difference (Vf: forward voltage) generated between the anode (p region) and the cathode (n region) when a forward current is passed through the temperature detection diode is the junction potential Vpn generated at the pn junction and the p region.
- Vf Vpn + (I ⁇ Rpn). Since the resistance value Rpn of the p region and the n region is determined by the impurity concentration of the p region and the n region, if the impurity concentration varies, the resistance value Rpn of the p region and the n region varies. As a result, the temperature detection accuracy by the diodes varies.
- a pn junction diode is formed by impurity doping on a polycrystalline silicon layer grown on the substrate surface of the main semiconductor element via a silicon oxide film.
- the manufacturing method which forms is known (patent documents 1 and 2).
- a diode composed of pn impurity layers that are in contact with each other through a junction is formed by ion implantation and laser annealing on a polycrystalline silicon layer grown on an insulating film on the substrate surface of the main element
- pn A temperature detecting diode structure (FIG. 6 in Patent Document 3) in which a polycrystalline silicon layer is left in a lower layer portion of an impurity layer is disclosed (Patent Document 3).
- FIG. 9 shows a conventional method for manufacturing a MOSFET having a temperature detection diode (temperature sense diode).
- a part of hatching representing a cross section is omitted.
- a polycrystalline silicon layer 104 is formed on the entire surface of the semiconductor substrate 101 including the active region and the inactive region through an insulating film 103.
- the region where the left main element is formed is the active region
- the region where the right temperature detection diode is formed is the inactive region.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 104 and the insulating film 103 on the active region of the semiconductor substrate 101 are selectively removed.
- FIG. 9C using the photoresist 112 as a mask, the polycrystalline silicon layer 104 on the inactive region of the semiconductor substrate 101 and boron (B) as impurity ions in the active region of the semiconductor substrate 101. Ions are selectively implanted to form an impurity ion implantation layer 105 a for the diode in the polycrystalline silicon layer 104 and an impurity ion implantation layer for the main element in the active region of the semiconductor substrate 101.
- arsenic (As) is formed as impurity ions in the polycrystalline silicon layer 104 on the inactive region of the semiconductor substrate 101 and the active region of the semiconductor substrate 101 using the photoresist 113 as a mask. Ions are selectively ion-implanted to form an impurity ion-implanted layer 106 a for the diode in the polycrystalline silicon layer 104 and an impurity ion-implanted layer for the main element in the active region of the semiconductor substrate 101. Then, as shown in FIG. 9 (e), heat treatment is performed to activate the boron ions and arsenic ions implanted in FIGS. 9 (c) and 9 (d). Region 105 and n region 106 are formed.
- impurity ions are selectively implanted into the polycrystalline silicon layer 104 as shown in FIGS.
- a process of covering the non-implanted regions with the photoresists 112 and 113 is necessary to shield the ion implantation into the non-implanted regions other than the implanted regions.
- the p region 105 and the n region 106 constituting the temperature detection diode are formed on the semiconductor substrate 101 as described in paragraphs [0022] to [0023] of Patent Document 1 in order to increase the efficiency of the manufacturing process.
- the active region is formed in the same process as the main element by ion implantation (see FIGS. 9C and 9D).
- the conventional temperature detection diode has a large variation in the forward voltage Vf.
- JP 2002-190575 A (FIG. 1, paragraph 0016) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-34360 (FIG. 1, first embodiment) JP 2007-294670 A (FIG. 6, paragraph 0019) JP 2010-287786 A (FIG. 3, FIG. 4, paragraphs 0046 to 0050)
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device capable of reducing variations in the forward voltage Vf of a temperature detecting diode integrated on the same semiconductor chip of a semiconductor substrate.
- a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes a step of depositing a thin film semiconductor layer through an insulating film 3 formed on a surface of a semiconductor substrate, A step of implanting the first impurity ions under a condition that the range of the first impurity ions is smaller than the film thickness at the time of deposition of the thin film semiconductor layer; and a dose amount of the first impurity ions to the thin film semiconductor layer. And a step of selectively implanting ions at a higher dose, and forming a diode for temperature detection by the region into which the first impurity ions are implanted and the region into which the second impurity ions are implanted in the thin film semiconductor layer To do.
- the present invention it is possible to reduce the variation in the forward voltage Vf of the temperature detection diode produced by ion implantation into the polysilicon layer formed on the surface of the inactive region of the main semiconductor element via the insulating film.
- a possible method for manufacturing a semiconductor device can be provided.
- FIG. 6 is a relationship diagram between the thickness of a polycrystalline silicon layer and the forward voltage Vf when the forward voltage Vf of a conventional temperature sensing diode shows the thickness dependence of the polycrystalline silicon layer. It is a correlation diagram which shows the relationship between the junction temperature of a diode, and a forward voltage.
- FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the forward voltage Vf and the variation (standard deviation) ⁇ of the temperature detecting diode formed by the conventional manufacturing method and the thickness of the polycrystalline silicon layer as a starting material, which the present inventors have found.
- the forward voltage Vf of a diode composed of a doped polysilicon layer formed by ion implantation in a non-doped polycrystalline silicon layer having a thickness of about 500 nm is the thickness of polycrystalline silicon as a starting material. It has been found that when the thickness changes by about ⁇ 30 nm, the film thickness dependency is shown such that the film thickness increases and decreases.
- the variation (standard deviation) ⁇ of the forward voltage Vf was as large as 1.5 mV or more, and increased in proportion to the forward voltage Vf.
- a film thickness error of about ⁇ 30 nm is inevitable in practice. Therefore, when a diode is manufactured by performing ion implantation into the polycrystalline silicon layer as a starting material at a high energy of 100 keV or more, the forward voltage Vf of the diode has a variation corresponding to the variation in the thickness of the polycrystalline silicon layer. Therefore, it has an unstable cause related to the forward voltage.
- ion implantation during ion implantation, a part of the ion species penetrates the silicon crystal lattice and penetrates the polycrystalline silicon layer due to a phenomenon similar to the channeling phenomenon. Thus, ions that are electrically ineffective may be generated in part. Since the probability of occurrence of this channeling phenomenon increases as the ion implantation range approaches the film thickness of the polycrystalline silicon layer, the value of the forward voltage Vf becomes further unstable due to this channeling phenomenon, and the temperature detection accuracy decreases. Is a problem. In many cases, ion implantation into the active region is usually performed with high energy of 100 keV or more.
- the above problem is that when a temperature detection diode is formed in a polycrystalline silicon layer having a thickness of about 500 nm, a small ion species such as boron forming a p region and phosphorus forming an n region has a long range. Therefore, if ion implantation is performed at a high energy of 100 keV or more at the same time as the formation of the main element, there is a possibility that the range of phosphorus may reach the entire thickness of the polycrystalline silicon layer. . Alternatively, even if the ion implantation does not reach the film thickness, it seems to be caused by the fact that the region expands to the film thickness due to thermal diffusion by the subsequent heat treatment.
- the first conductivity type is n-type and the second conductivity type is p-type is exemplarily described.
- the first conductivity type is selected by selecting the conductivity type in the reverse relationship.
- the p-type and the second conductivity type may be n-type.
- it means that electrons or holes are majority carriers in the layers and regions with n or p, respectively.
- + and ⁇ attached to n and p mean that the impurity concentration is relatively higher or lower than that of a semiconductor region not attached with + and ⁇ respectively.
- a polycrystalline silicon layer is used as a thin film semiconductor layer for forming a temperature detection diode for convenience. It is not limited to the silicon layer.
- the thin film semiconductor layer an amorphous semiconductor layer or the like may be used.
- a semiconductor device 50 is mainly configured by a second conductivity type (n-type) semiconductor substrate 1 made of, for example, single crystal silicon, as a semiconductor substrate.
- the semiconductor substrate 1 has an active region 20 related to a main current and an inactive region 21 at the center of the surface thereof.
- the semiconductor substrate 1 has an edge region related to the breakdown voltage reliability in the outer peripheral portion surrounding the active region 20.
- the inactive region 21 is located between the active region 20 and the edge region.
- a power MOSFET is formed as a main element in the active region 20, and a polycrystalline silicon layer 4 as a thin film semiconductor layer is formed on the inactive region 21 via an insulating film 3.
- the power MOSFET has a structure in which a large amount of power is obtained by electrically connecting a plurality of transistor cells 30 made of MOSFETs with fine patterns in parallel. In FIG. 1, one transistor cell 30 is shown.
- the transistor cell 30 mainly includes a trench 7, a gate insulating film 7 a, a gate electrode 8, a channel formation region 9, a first conductivity type (p + type) contact region 10, a source region and a drain region. Yes.
- the trench 7 extends from the surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 in the depth direction.
- the gate insulating film 7a is formed along the inner wall of the trench 7, and is formed of, for example, a silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) film.
- the gate electrode 8 is embedded in the trench 7 via the gate insulating film 7a, and is formed of, for example, a doped polysilicon layer into which an impurity for reducing the resistance value is introduced.
- the contact region 10 reduces contact resistance with an electrode electrically connected to the channel formation region 9 and is formed on the surface layer portion of the channel formation region 9.
- the main element electrode region (source region) 11 is formed of a second conductivity type (n + type) semiconductor region provided in the surface layer portion of the channel formation region 9.
- the drain region is formed of the semiconductor substrate 1 and a semiconductor region of the second conductivity type (n + type) provided on the back surface of the semiconductor substrate 1.
- a diode protection region 2 of the first conductivity type (p + type) is provided in order to protect a temperature detection diode 31 described later from the electric field of the power MOSFET.
- a first conductivity type (p-type) electric field relaxation region 9 a is provided between the diode protection region 2 and the transistor cell 30 so as to be in contact with the diode protection region 2. The electric field relaxation region 9 a relaxes the electric field at the interface between the semiconductor substrate 1 and the diode protection region 2.
- the gate insulating film is not limited to the MOS type formed of an oxide film, and more generally other insulating films such as a silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) film, or The MIS type formed of an insulating film such as a laminated film of these insulating films and oxide films may be used.
- a temperature detection diode 31 is formed in the polycrystalline silicon layer 4.
- the diode 31 is for immediately detecting an abnormal temperature rise when the power MOSFET is energized, and suppressing element destruction due to thermal runaway.
- the diode 31 includes a first conductivity type (p-type) first main electrode region (anode) 5 and a second conductivity type (n-type) provided on the inner surface side of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 as a starting material.
- the first main electrode region 5 and the second main electrode region 6 have an interface in the planar direction of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 to form a pn junction.
- first main electrode region 5 and second main electrode region 6 extends as a doped polysilicon layer from the surface of polycrystalline silicon layer 4 in the depth direction, and is non-doped polycrystalline silicon layer 4n. Is sandwiched between the insulating film 3 and the doped polysilicon layer.
- the diode 31 has a structure in which the first main electrode region 5 and the second main electrode region 6 made of a doped polysilicon layer are provided on the upper portion of the high-resistance polycrystalline silicon layer 4n while leaving a part thereof in the lower layer portion. It has become.
- the ion implantation step into the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 as the starting material is performed simultaneously with the ion implantation step of the power MOSFET. Instead, it is performed in a separate process from the ion implantation of the power MOSFET under the ion implantation conditions in which the acceleration energy is weakened.
- the depth of the first main electrode region 5 and the second main electrode region 6 (pn layer) formed on the surface side of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 as described above can be reduced, and the polycrystalline silicon layer
- the diode 31 having the structure in which the lower layer 4 is left as the non-doped polycrystalline silicon layer 4 can be integrated.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the forward voltage Vf of the diode 31 thus formed and its variation (standard deviation) ⁇ and the film thickness of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 as a starting material.
- the p region of the diode is formed over the entire thickness of the polycrystalline silicon layer, whereas in the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the first main diode 31 of the diode 31 is formed.
- the electrode region 5 was formed as a doped polysilicon layer, the ion implantation acceleration energy was weakened to make the depth of the first main electrode region 5 shallower than the thickness of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 as a starting material.
- the thickness of the first main electrode region 5 can be controlled by ion implantation conditions. Therefore, even if the film thickness of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 varies, the forward voltage Vf and its variation (standard deviation) ⁇ are reduced. I think it can be done.
- the film thickness of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 as a starting material is preferably 200 nm or more and 600 nm or less. This is because when the thickness of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 is 600 nm or more, the variation in the forward voltage Vf with respect to the variation in thickness is reduced, so there is no need to worry about the variation. This is because ion implantation conditions become difficult when the thickness is 200 nm or less.
- the semiconductor substrate 1 shown in FIG. 3 is prepared, the trench 7 extending in the depth direction from the surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 to be the drift layer is formed by dry etching, and then the gate insulating film 7a is formed.
- a polycrystalline silicon layer to be the gate electrode 8 is filled in the trench through the gate insulating film 7a.
- the polysilicon layer and the gate insulating film 7a on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 are etched back and selectively removed.
- each impurity ion implantation layer is selectively formed in a required pattern by ion implantation using a photoresist as a mask, and then each ion implantation is performed. It is formed with a predetermined diffusion depth by performing heat treatment for activating the impurity ions of the layer.
- a diode protection region (well region) 2 having a depth of about 8 ⁇ m is formed in a region where the diode 31 is to be formed, and an electric field relaxation region 9 a having a depth of about 4 ⁇ m is formed between the trenches 7.
- an insulating film 3 made of an oxide film such as a high-temperature silicon oxide film (HTO) having a thickness of about 300 nm is formed on the entire surface of the semiconductor substrate 1, and then the insulating film A non-doped polycrystalline silicon layer 4 having a thickness of 500 nm, for example, is formed on the substrate 3 by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- boron (B) ions B + are ion-implanted as first impurity ions into the entire surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4, so that the inner surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 is implanted.
- Impurity ion implantation layer 5a is formed.
- a non-doped polycrystalline silicon layer 4n remains under the impurity ion implantation layer 5a.
- the ion implantation of boron ions B + is conducted under the conditions as boron ions B + Fei than the film thickness of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 is reduced.
- the ion implantation of boron ions B + is performed with an acceleration energy of about 45 keV, for example.
- the impurity ion implantation layer 5a, the polycrystalline silicon layer 4n, and the insulating film 3 outside the photoresist 12 are sequentially etched to obtain the semiconductor substrate 1
- the impurity ion implanted layer 5a, the polycrystalline silicon layer 4n and the underlying insulating film 3 on the active region 20 on the surface are removed.
- the non-doped polycrystalline silicon layer 4 is selectively left on the inactive region 21 on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 with the insulating film 3 interposed.
- boron ions B + are selected as impurity ions in the active region 20 on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 1.
- Impurity ion implantation layer 10a is formed by ion implantation. In this step, ion implantation of boron ions B + is performed with an acceleration energy of about 150 keV, for example.
- impurity ions on the active region 20 on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 and on the surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 are used.
- arsenic ions As + are selectively ion-implanted as impurity ions into the implantation layer 5a to form an impurity ion implantation layer 11a in the active region 20 of the semiconductor substrate 1, and impurities are implanted into a part of the impurity ion implantation layer 5a.
- An ion implantation layer 6a is selectively formed.
- ion implantation of arsenic ions As + is performed with an acceleration energy of about 120 keV, for example. Further, in this step, ion implantation of arsenic ions As + is performed at a dose higher than the dose of boron ions B + in the previous step, and the p + doped polysilicon layer is converted to an n + doped polysilicon layer.
- a heat treatment for activating the impurity ions B + and As + of the impurity ion implanted layers 10a and 11a and the impurity ion implanted layers 5a and 6a in the active region 20 is performed.
- a contact region 10 containing a p-type impurity and a main element electrode region 11 containing an n-type impurity are formed in the active region 20, and a first main electrode containing a p-type impurity in the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 is formed.
- Electrode region 5 and second main electrode region 6 containing n-type impurities are formed.
- a temperature detection diode 31 having a first main electrode region 5 and a second main electrode region 6 pn-junction with the first main electrode region 5 is formed on the surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4.
- the non-doped polycrystalline silicon layer 4n remains between the bottom of each of the first main electrode region 5 and the second main electrode region 6 and the insulating film 3.
- the transistor cell 30 constituting the power MOSFET is almost completed.
- conventional ion implantation of boron ions B + for forming the contact region 10 of the power MOSFET is usually performed with an acceleration energy of about 150 keV as described with reference to FIG.
- boron ions B + are ion-implanted into the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 having a thickness of 500 nm with the acceleration energy of about 150 keV, the range is about 420 nm. Therefore, as in the conventional method of manufacturing the semiconductor device shown in FIG.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 104 is formed in the same process as the impurity ion implantation process for forming the p-type region of the power MOSFET in the active region of the semiconductor substrate 101.
- boron ions for forming the p-type region 105 see FIG. 9D
- heat treatment for activating impurity ions thereafter (FIG. 9).
- the distribution of the p-type region 105 formed by applying (e) extends from the surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer 104 as the starting material to the bottom surface, that is, the vicinity of the interface with the insulating film 103 therebelow.
- the film thickness dependence of the impurity concentration becomes significant. Furthermore, the probability that an ion species that penetrates the polycrystalline silicon layer 104 due to the channeling phenomenon is increased, thereby increasing the amount of implanted ions that are electrically ineffective. Therefore, when ions are implanted into a polycrystalline silicon layer as a starting material where a temperature sensing diode is formed simultaneously with ion implantation into the active region, the forward voltage is increased due to an increase in the film thickness dependency and the amount of invalid implanted ions. Vf variation increases. On the other hand, in the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the impurity ion implantation step (see FIG.
- boron ions B + are implanted into the entire surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 as a starting material having a film thickness of 500 nm with an acceleration energy lower than the aforementioned acceleration energy of 150 keV.
- the range distance is about 145 nm.
- the depth of the p-type first main electrode region 5 after the heat treatment for activating the boron ions B + is as shown in FIG. 8 from the surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 as the starting material.
- the bottom that is, the vicinity of the boundary with the insulating film 3 is hardly reached, and a non-doped polycrystalline silicon layer 4 n remains between the first main electrode region 5 and the insulating film 3.
- the probability of penetrating the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 due to the channeling phenomenon is reduced, and the film thickness dependence of the forward voltage Vf is almost eliminated as shown in FIG.
- impurity ion implantation for forming the main element electrode region 11 of the power MOSFET in the active region 20 of the semiconductor substrate 1 is performed.
- Arsenic ions As + for forming the second main electrode region 6 (see FIG. 9D) of the diode 31 are implanted into the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 as a starting material in the same process. Since arsenic ( 75 As + ) has a larger mass than phosphorus ( 31 P + ) and a smaller range by ion implantation, it can be performed simultaneously with the ion implantation of arsenic ions As + in the active region 20.
- a part of the impurity ion implantation layer 5 a is partially n-type converted to a second main electrode by using a higher dose than the boron ion B + ion implantation.
- Region 6 can be set.
- boron ions B + to be ion-implanted first when forming the temperature detection diode 31 in which the p-type first main electrode region 5 and the n-type second main electrode region 6 are pn-junctioned, boron ions B + to be ion-implanted first. It is preferable that the dose is 1 ⁇ 10 15 / cm 2 to 4 ⁇ 10 15 / cm 2, and the dose of arsenic ions As + to be ion-implanted later is sufficiently high as 5 ⁇ 10 15 / cm 2 .
- the non-doped polycrystalline silicon layer 4n is left under the first main electrode region 5 and the second main electrode region 6 in the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 as a starting material.
- a diode 31 having a temperature sensing function can be formed.
- the low energy ion implantation process of boron ions B + is performed only immediately after the formation of the polycrystalline silicon layer, and the dose amount of ion species having different polarities to be implanted later, such as phosphorus ions P + or arsenic ions As + , is used. By making it smaller than the implantation amount, there is an advantage that the photolithography process can be omitted once.
- boron ion B + ion implantation for forming the diode 31 in the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 is performed on the semiconductor substrate 1.
- the boron impurity distribution starts.
- the film thickness of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 having a forward voltage Vf is suppressed by being deepened to the same extent as the film thickness of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 as a material and suppressing the penetration of ion species of the polycrystalline silicon layer 4 due to the channeling phenomenon. Dependency and its variation can be reduced.
- the method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having a trench gate type power MOSFET in which a gate electrode is formed in a trench as a main element and a diode has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present invention can be applied to a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having a planar power MOSFET in which a gate electrode is formed on a semiconductor substrate and a temperature detecting diode. it can.
- the present invention can be applied to a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having a trench gate type IGBT and a temperature detection diode.
- the present invention can also be applied to MOS composite devices such as an emitter-switched thyristor (EST), a MOS control thyristor (MCT), a depletion mode thyristor (DMT), and a MOS electric field control thyristor (FCT).
- MOS composite devices such as an emitter-switched thyristor (EST), a MOS control thyristor (MCT), a depletion mode thyristor (DMT), and a MOS electric field control thyristor (FCT).
- EST emitter-switched thyristor
- MCT MOS control thyristor
- DMT depletion mode thyristor
- FCT MOS electric field control thyristor
- the case where a polycrystalline semiconductor layer is used as a thin film semiconductor layer on which a temperature detection diode is formed has been described.
- the invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to, for example, a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device using an amorphous semiconductor layer.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device according to the present invention can reduce the variation in the forward voltage Vf of the temperature detecting diode integrated on the same chip by using the thin film semiconductor layer.
- the present invention is useful for a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device such as an intelligent power device or power IC having a diode for temperature detection.
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Abstract
Description
また、主素子の基板表面に絶縁膜を介して成長させた多結晶シリコン層にイオン注入とレーザアニールとにより、接合を介して相互に接する各pn不純物層からなるダイオードを形成する際に、pn不純物層の下層部に多結晶シリコン層を残した温度検知用ダイオード構造(特許文献3内の図6)が開示されている(特許文献3)。
図9に、従来の温度検出用ダイオード(温度センスダイオード)を有するMOSFETの製造方法を示す。図9では、図面を見易くするため、断面を表すハッチングを一部省略している。
図9(a)に示すように、活性領域及び非活性領域域を含む半導体基板101の表面上の全面に絶縁膜103を介して多結晶シリコン層104を形成する。ここで、左側の主素子が形成される領域を活性領域、右側の温度検出用ダイオードが形成される領域を非活性領域とする。
更に、図9(c)に示すように、フォトレジスト112をマスクとして使用し、半導体基板101の非活性領域上の多結晶シリコン層104および半導体基板101の活性領域に不純物イオンとしてボロン(B)イオンを選択的にイオン注入して、多結晶シリコン層104にダイオード用の不純物イオン注入層105aを形成すると共に半導体基板101の活性領域に主素子用の不純物イオン注入層を形成する。
そして、図9(e)に示すように、熱処理を施して、図9(c)および図9(d)でイオン注入されたボロンイオン及び砒素イオンを活性化して多結晶シリコン層104に、p領域105及びn領域106が形成される。
しかしながら、従来の温度検出用ダイオードは順電圧Vfのバラツキが大きい。
活性領域へのイオン注入は通常100keV以上の高エネルギーで注入される場合が多い。上記の課題は、500nm程度の膜厚の多結晶シリコン層に温度検出用ダイオードを形成する場合、p領域を形成するボロンやn領域を形成するリンなどの質量の小さなイオン種は飛程が長いので、主素子の形成との同時工程で100keV以上の高エネルギーでイオン注入すると、リンの飛程が多結晶シリコン層の全膜厚まで到達することがあることに起因している可能性がある。または、イオン注入によっては膜厚近くまで達しない場合でも、その後の熱処理による熱拡散により膜厚近くまで領域が広がることに起因していると思われる。
本発明の一実施形態にかかる半導体装置の製造方法では、同一の半導体チップに主素子および温度検出用のダイオードを集積化した半導体装置の製造方法に着目して例示的に説明する。ここでは主素子として電力用MOSFETを用いた場合について説明する。また、本発明の一実施形態にかかる半導体装置の製造方法では、温度検出用のダイオードが形成される薄膜半導体層として便宜上多結晶シリコン層を用いた場合について説明するが、薄膜半導体層は多結晶シリコン層に限定されるものではない。薄膜半導体層としては、アモルファス半導体層などでもかまわない。
活性領域20には主素子として電力用MOSFETが形成され、非活性領域21上には薄膜半導体層としての多結晶シリコン層4が絶縁膜3を介して形成されている。電力用MOSFETは、詳細に図示していないが、微細パターンのMOSFETからなるトランジスタセル30を電気的に複数個並列に接続して大電力を得る構造になっている。図1には、1つのトランジスタセル30が示されている。
ここで、電界効果トランジスタ(FET)では、ゲート絶縁膜が酸化膜からなるMOS型に限定されるものではなく、より一般的に窒化シリコン(Si3N4)膜などの他の絶縁膜、或いはこれらの絶縁膜と酸化膜との積層膜などの絶縁膜からなるMIS型でもかなわない。
第1主電極領域5と第2主電極領域6とは、多結晶シリコン層4の平面方向に界面を有してpn接合を形成している。そして、第1主電極領域5および第2主電極領域6の各々は、多結晶シリコン層4の表面から深さ方向に向かってそれぞれドープドポリシリコン層として延び、かつノンドープの多結晶シリコン層4nを絶縁膜3とドープドポリシリコン層との間に挟む構成になっている。
このようにして形成したダイオード31の順電圧Vfおよびそのバラツキ(標準偏差)σと出発材料としての多結晶シリコン層4の膜厚との関係を図2に示す。この結果より、本発明の一実施形態にかかる半導体装置50の製造方法により形成したダイオード31は、多結晶シリコン層4の膜厚に依存することなく順電圧Vfの値が安定しているとともに、そのバラツキをも小さくすることができるという効果が得られる。
まず、図3に示す半導体基板1を準備し、ドリフト層となる半導体基板1の表面から深さ方向に向かって延びるトレンチ7をドライエッチングにより形成し、その後、ゲート絶縁膜7aを形成した後、ゲート電極8となる多結晶シリコン層をトレンチ内にゲート絶縁膜7aを介して充填する。次に、半導体基板1の表面上の多結晶シリコン層およびゲート絶縁膜7aをエッチバックして選択的に除去する。次に、半導体基板1の表面の活性領域20において、隣接するトレンチ7間の部分にチャネル形成領域9を形成すると共に、非活性領域21に隣接する部分に電界緩和領域9aを形成する。さらに、半導体基板1の表面の非活性領域21にダイオード保護領域2を形成する。これらのダイオード保護領域2,チャネル形成領域9,電界緩和領域9aは、フォトレジストをマスクとするイオン注入により各々の不純物イオン注入層を所要のパターンで選択的に形成し、その後、各々のイオン注入層の不純物イオンを活性化させる熱処理を施すことにより所定の拡散深さで形成される。この結果、ダイオード31の形成予定の領域には約8μmの深さのダイオード保護領域(ウェル領域)2、トレンチ7間には約4μmの深さの電界緩和領域9aが形成される。
次に、図4に示すように、多結晶シリコン層4の表面の全面に第1不純物イオンとして例えばボロン(B)イオンB+をイオン注入して、多結晶シリコン層4の内部の表面側に不純物イオン注入層5aを形成する。不純物イオン注入層5aの下には、ノンドープの多結晶シリコン層4nが残る。この工程において、ボロンイオンB+のイオン注入は、多結晶シリコン層4の膜厚よりもボロンイオンB+の飛程が小さくなる条件で行う。ボロンイオンB+のイオン注入は、例えば45keV程度の加速エネルギーで行われる。
次に、フォトレジスト12を除去した後、図6に示すように、フォトレジスト13をイオン注入用マスクとして使用し、半導体基板1の表面の活性領域20に不純物イオンとして例えばボロンイオンB+を選択的にイオン注入して、不純物イオン注入層10aを形成する。この工程において、ボロンイオンB+のイオン注入は、例えば150keV程度の加速エネルギーで行われる。
ここで、電力用MOSFETのコンタクト領域10を形成するための従来のボロンイオンB+のイオン注入は、図6で説明したように、通常150keV程度の加速エネルギーで行われる。この150keV程度の加速エネルギーでボロンイオンB+を膜厚500nmの多結晶シリコン層4にイオン注入した場合の飛程距離は約420nm程度である。したがって、図9に示す従来の半導体装置の製造方法のように、半導体基板101の活性領域に電力用MOSFETのp型領域を形成するための不純物イオン注入工程と同一工程で多結晶シリコン層104に温度検出用ダイオードのp型領域105(図9(d)参照)を形成するためのボロンイオンをイオン注入した場合(図9(c)参照)、その後に不純物イオンを活性化させる熱処理(図9(e)参照)が施されて形成されたp型領域105の分布は、出発材料としての多結晶シリコン層104の表面から底面、すなわちその下層の絶縁膜103との界面付近にまで及ぶ。
これに対し、本発明の一実施形態にかかる半導体装置50の製造方法では、半導体基板1の活性領域20に電力用MOSFETのコンタクト領域10を形成するための不純物イオン注入工程(図6参照)とは別工程で出発材料としてのノンドープの多結晶シリコン層4の内部の表面側に温度検出用のダイオード31の第1主電極領域5(図8(d)参照)を形成するためのボロンイオンB+をイオン注入している(図4参照)。そして、前述の加速エネルギー150keVよりも低い加速エネルギーで膜厚500nmの出発材料としての多結晶シリコン層4の表面の全面にボロンイオンB+をイオン注入している。そして、このボロンイオンB+の注入エネルギーを例えば45keVまで下げているので、飛程距離は約145nmとなる。この場合、ボロンイオンB+を活性化させる熱処理が施された後のp型の第1主電極領域5の深さは、図8に示すように、出発材料の多結晶シリコン層4の表面から底部、すなわち絶縁膜3との境界付近まではほとんど及ばず、第1主電極領域5と絶縁膜3との間にノンドープの多結晶シリコン層4nが残る。また、チャネリング現象による多結晶シリコン層4を突き抜ける確率も低くなり、順電圧Vfの膜厚依存性についても図2に示すようにほとんどなくなる。
以上説明したように、本発明の一実施形態にかかる半導体装置50の製造方法によれば、多結晶シリコン層4にダイオード31を形成するためのボロンイオンB+のイオン注入を、半導体基板1の活性領域20に電力用MOSFETのコンタクト領域10を形成するためのボロンイオンB+を高エネルギーでイオン注入する工程と切り離し、別途低エネルギーでイオン注入する工程を設けることで、ボロンの不純物分布が出発材料としての多結晶シリコン層4の膜厚と同程度に深くなることや、またチャネリング現象による多結晶シリコン層4のイオン種の突き抜けを抑制し、順電圧Vfの多結晶シリコン層4の膜厚依存性およびそのバラツキを低減することができる。
また、本発明の一実施形態にかかる半導体装置の製造方法では、半導体基板としてシリコン半導体基板を用いた場合について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、例えば炭化ケイ素(SiC)や窒化ガリウム(GaN)などの半導体基板を用いた半導体装置の場合であっても温度検出用のダイオードを薄膜半導体層を用いて製造するのであれば適用することができる。
また、本発明の一実施形態にかかる半導体装置の製造方法では、温度検出用のダイオードが形成される薄膜半導体層として多結晶半導体層を用いた場合について説明したが、冒頭で述べたとおり、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、例えばアモルファス半導体層を用いた半導体装置の製造方法に適用することができる。
2 …ダイオード保護領域
3 …絶縁膜
4 …多結晶シリコン層
5 …第1電極領域
5a…不純物イオン注入層
6 …第2電極領域
6a…不純物イオン注入層
7 …トレンチ
7a…ゲート絶縁膜
8 …ゲート電極
9 …チャネル形成領域
9a…電界緩和領域
10…コンタクト領域
11…主素子電極領域(ソース領域)
12,13,14…フォトレジスト
20…活性領域
21…非活性領域
30…トランジスタセル
31…温度検出用ダイオード
50…半導体装置
Claims (9)
- 半導体基板の表面上に形成された絶縁膜を介して薄膜半導体層を堆積する工程と、
前記薄膜半導体層に第1不純物イオンを前記薄膜半導体層の前記堆積時の膜厚よりも前記第1不純物イオンの飛程が小さくなる条件でイオン注入する工程と、
前記薄膜半導体層に第2不純物イオンを前記第1不純物イオンのドーズ量よりも高いドーズ量で選択的にイオン注入する工程と、を含み、
前記薄膜半導体層中の前記第1不純物イオンが注入された領域と前記第2不純物イオンが注入された領域とによって温度検出用のダイオードを形成することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記薄膜半導体層にイオン注入された前記第1および第2不純物イオンを活性化させる熱処理を施すことにより、前記薄膜半導体層中に、前記膜厚よりも薄い第1導電型の第1主電極領域および第2導電型の第2主電極領域を形成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記薄膜半導体層は、多結晶シリコン層であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記半導体基板の前記ダイオードが形成された部分とは異なる領域に主素子を集積化する工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記主素子を集積化する工程は、前記半導体基板の表面に第3不純物イオンをイオン注入して、第1導電型のコンタクト領域を形成する工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1不純物イオンのイオン注入は、前記第3不純物イオンのイオン注入とは別工程で行われることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1不純物イオンのイオン注入は、前記薄膜半導体層の全面に行われることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1不純物イオンは、ボロンであることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記薄膜半導体層の膜厚は、200nm以上600nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項8の何れか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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JP2020167338A (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | ローム株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
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