Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
  • B05B7/26—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
  • B05B7/26—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device
  • B05B7/262—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device a liquid and a gas being brought together before entering the discharge device
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
  • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for spray coating of substrate surfaces, which makes it possible to apply different thermoplastically processable materials on a variety of surfaces by means of spray technology.
• thermoforming, vacuum thermoforming and pressing for processing films into molded parts or individual layers are known.
• heavy-layer foils are placed on carpet or end wall areas from the acoustic point of view, where they stick or melt.
• thermoplastic injection molding or reaction injection molding (RIM)
• RIM reaction injection molding
• the material to be used for example polyurethane
• the tool geometry determines the mass distribution for all abutments. This also prevents the targeted acoustic optimization of individual vehicle types (engine variants) within a series that would be desirable from an acoustic point of view.
• methods for producing such flat components by sintering powder. The powder is applied to a warm molding tool, where it forms a plastic layer by sintering, then cooled and the component is removed. This technology is time, tool and energy intensive. Thus, this process remains limited to the production of high-quality components, such as slush skins.
• thermoplastics either takes place from the melt by means of one or more nozzles or via "cold" plastic powder by heating via a flame during the flight phase and a carrier gas or directly by a hot environment during the flight phase
• these processes have very low throughputs and are In the case of a coating of textiles, the high temperatures would destroy the textile material before something is applied.
• DE 10 2005 050 890 A1 describes a method and apparatus for producing a nanocomposite, in which the separation of extraction and, if appropriate, dispersion medium from a polymer melt takes place by means of the high pressure spray method. This solidify the polymer droplets abruptly due to the taking place during the relaxation of the high pressure level to ambient pressure strong cooling. This produces the nanocomposites.
• PUR-based crosslinking systems are in use. Versions can be found in DE 101 61 600 AI and DE 10 2005 058 292 AI. These materials are very expensive and can not be recycled.
• EP 0 524 092 B2 describes a method and apparatus for producing an article having a molded profile strand.
• the profile strand is produced and deposited by an extrusion head which is connected to the extruder via a heated flexible pressure hose.
• DE 30 47 727 C2 describes a process for the preparation of thin protective films by spraying liquefied thermoplastic material.
• the method described here is intended to enable the use of conventional hot spraying equipment, in which the spray material is melted and thus liquefied, which can then be applied directly to the protective surface. It is further described that the tendency of these materials to form beads after hitting the surface has not heretofore yielded a sufficiently homogeneous film, but according to this description, it is most convenient to address them by a simultaneous or subsequent sintering operation.
• the sintering of the thermoplastic material it has accordingly been found to be advantageous if the sintering is carried out by heating the sprayed-on thermoplastic material so as to obtain a uniform, smooth and nonporous application.
• the heat required for the sintering can the thermoplastic material from the outside through Heat radiation, hot air or the like can be supplied. It may be expedient to spray the thermoplastic material on a previously heated surface, so that the sintering process takes place simultaneously with spraying and thus a temporally optimal process sequence is obtained.
• the sintering process carried out after the impact of the material on the surface is very complicated and thermally re-stresses the substrate material.
• DT 16 46 051 B2 describes a process for applying polymeric coatings to solid surfaces by spraying a molten thermoplastic polymer. Thereafter, the melting of the polymer and the supply of the melt in a compressed gas stream is carried out by the injection pressure method and subjected to the sprayed gas / polymer beam during its path to the surface to be coated, a heat radiation treatment. It is described to convert the thermoplastic polymer of any particle size in extruders or piston-cylinder devices in the molten state and sprayed by means of compressed air by means of a compressed air injection nozzle in the form of a heated by a heat flow gas / polymer jet on the surface to be coated, which previously heated becomes.
• DE 32 25 844 A1 describes a method and a device for applying layers of thermoplastics or hot melt adhesives.
• a method is described for applying layers of thermoplastic materials or hot-melt adhesives, in which the plastic or hot-melt adhesive used is melted, then atomized and sprayed.
• the temperature of the molten Plastic or hot melt adhesive held constant until the moment of spraying.
• the apparatus for carrying out the method comprises a heatable melting device for a plastic or hot-melt adhesive, a nozzle having a heated spray device, a heatable feeder of the molten material in the spray device, a Temperaturmessund temperature control system and control systems for the supply and delivery of a molten material and possibly of the heated spray gas.
• DE 42 31 074 AI describes the use of plastic powders as a filler in sprayable and sprayable coating compositions, paints and sealants. Described is the use of powders of the density range 0.1 to 2.0 g / cm 3 of a mean particle size of not more than 0.2 mm, which have been obtained by mechanical comminution of optionally containing mineral fillers, solid plastics, as a filler, optionally in addition other fillers in sprayable and sprayable paints, coating and sealing compounds based on one- or two-component polyurethane binders.
• DE 101 61 600 A1 describes a method for spraying plastic layers.
• a method and apparatus for applying a filler-containing plastic layer to a shaped surface wherein a mixture containing binder mixture, solids promoter and filler is applied to the molded article Is sprayed surface, in which one first of a mixture containing binder mixture and solids conveyors, a free jet for spray application generated and then added the filler in the free jet of not yet polymerized binder mixture.
• the method is particularly suitable for the spray application of heavy layers, as sin are used in conventional mass-spring systems.
• DE 10 2005 058 292 A1 describes a method and a device for the production of coated molded parts.
• a method and an apparatus for producing molded parts comprising a layer of polyurethane in the weft operation, in which the reactive components are mixed with a cylindrical mixing chamber and the reactive mixture produced then flows through a flow channel and is sprayed onto the surfaces of a substrate and cured and then the flow channel is cleaned by a gas stream.
• the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method by which a variety of thermoplastically processable materials can be applied in a desired, defined manner on various substrate surfaces in the form of a film.
• the aforementioned object is achieved by a method for spray-coating substrate surfaces, wherein (a) a thermoplastic processable material is melted in an extruder in a first step and liquefied therewith, (b) pressurizing the molten material with a carrier gas or vapor,
• the essence of the invention consists essentially in that a thermoplastically processable material alone or as a compound in a mixture with other thermoplastically processable materials, with or without fillers is melted in an extruder, with an inorganic carrier gas or vapor under defined pressure set by pressed one or more hole nozzles as a mixture, relaxed to atmospheric pressure and cooled only on the substrate surface.
• a compound is mixed directly in a twin-screw extruder.
• this single-screw extruder is followed by a single-screw extruder or a melt pump.
• materials for spraying virtually all thermoplastically processable materials are used, regardless of whether they are present as a homopolymer or as a compound, unfilled or filled with non-melting substances.
• thermoplastically processable materials such as single-component polymers, copolymers and terpolymers, as well as thermoplastically processable elastomers, in particular selected from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyamide (PA), polylactate (PLA), Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC),
• ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
• PA polyamide
• PLA polylactate
• PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate
• PC polycarbonate
• high-performance materials such as PEEK can be sprayed with a high proportion of gas and a concomitant reduction in viscosity.
• the amount of fillers can be varied freely within wide ranges, wherein the amount of fillers should preferably not exceed 80% by weight, based on the material, since the cohesion of the coating can not otherwise be guaranteed.
• the fillers may be inorganic in nature or polymers themselves which do not melt at the processing temperature, such as rubber, the fillers having no preferred direction.
• fillers may be inorganic short fibers, polymeric fibers having a higher melting temperature than the processing temperature of the material or compound, and natural fibers.
• carrier gas are inert, in particular inorganic gases or gas mixtures as well as steam.
• inorganic gases or gas mixtures as well as steam.
• the carrier gas or vapor is preferably used in a weight ratio of thermoplastically processable material to carrier gas or vapor in the range of 100 to 0.1 parts by weight to 100 to 30 parts by weight, in particular 100 to 0.3 to 100 to 15 parts by weight.
• a spray is sprayed at a pressure of 10 to 500 bar, in particular 20 to 400 bar.
• a pressurized heated gas preferably air must be supplied, which provides in an advantageous case to an additional atomization.
• the nozzles are located, for example, on a flexible pressure tube and can be moved over the substrate surface by means of a robot be that a complete order with material is possible.
• the nozzle (s) themselves is (are), for example, as a hole nozzle (s) formed with 1 to 50 openings, preferably 5 to 20 openings, with a diameter of 0.1 mm - 10 mm, but preferably 0.5 mm - 2 mm or openings with an equivalent cross-sectional area defined hole geometry of said opening diameter.
• hot air spray gas
• Slot nozzles can also be used, with the dimensions 0.1 - 3.0 x 3 - 30 mm, preferably 0.5 - 2.0 x 5 - 10 mm; In this case too, several slot nozzles can be arranged in the spray head.
• carrier gas in the sense of the present invention comprises, in addition to the abovementioned substances and elements which are gaseous at room temperature (normal pressure) or the processing temperature, substances which form gaseous substances by a chemical or thermal reaction or are converted into the gaseous state , Particularly preferred in this sense is hot air.
• the chemical composition of the spray gas which is preferably guided in the form of an annular nozzle around the outlet opening of the thermoplastic, may be the same or different from the carrier gas. Hot air is particularly preferred as the spray gas, which causes a further expansion of the carrier gas in the thermoplastic and a surface heating of the particles.
• thermoplastically processable material used was a compound of 75% by weight of inorganic filler (barite) and 25% by weight of a commercially available plastic mixture of PE / EVA, white oil, flow additive and temperature stabilizer in granular form.
• the output was 90 kg / h and the amount of gas (carrier gas) was 1.1 kg / h CO 2 .
• the substrate surface used was a commercial compressed mixed fiber fleece.
• Example 2 in principle, in this example in a second application substantially the same structure as in Example 1 was used.
• the nozzle was changed.
• BETE used in the heated air as a spray gas in an outer ring around the outlet nozzle around the mixture of carrier gas and compound heated.
• the amount of carrier gas was reduced to 400 g / h.
• the filler was reduced to 25 wt .-% and the amount of compound increased accordingly.
• the output was 60 kg / h.
• the amount of air used (spray gas) was 30 Nm 3 / h and was heated to 300 0 C.
• the spray result was improved over Example 1.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-05-06 DE DE102013208235.5A patent/DE102013208235A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2014
  • 2014-05-06 EP EP14725032.8A patent/EP2994242B1/de active Active
  • 2014-05-06 WO PCT/EP2014/059180 patent/WO2014180817A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2014-05-06 RU RU2015152031A patent/RU2650520C2/ru active
  • 2014-05-06 KR KR1020157034481A patent/KR20160007551A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2014-05-06 US US14/895,815 patent/US20160108511A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-05-06 CN CN201480032422.5A patent/CN105339095A/zh active Pending

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