WO2014148287A1 - 導電積層体およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
導電積層体およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014148287A1 WO2014148287A1 PCT/JP2014/056113 JP2014056113W WO2014148287A1 WO 2014148287 A1 WO2014148287 A1 WO 2014148287A1 JP 2014056113 W JP2014056113 W JP 2014056113W WO 2014148287 A1 WO2014148287 A1 WO 2014148287A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- conductive
- coating
- carbon nanotube
- layer
- carbon nanotubes
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022466—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. TCO, ITO layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1884—Manufacture of transparent electrodes, e.g. TCO, ITO
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conductive laminate. More specifically, the present invention relates to a conductive laminate having excellent conductivity and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the electrically conductive laminated body in this invention refers to what laminated
- the carbon nanotubes have a substantially cylindrical shape formed by winding one surface of graphite.
- a single-walled carbon nanotube is a single-walled carbon nanotube
- a multi-walled carbon nanotube is a multi-walled carbon nanotube. What is wound in a layer is called a double-walled carbon nanotube.
- Carbon nanotubes themselves have excellent intrinsic conductivity and are expected to be used as conductive materials.
- an overcoat layer is further provided on a carbon nanotube layer in which carbon nanotubes are provided on a substrate.
- This overcoat layer is provided in order to prevent the carbon nanotube layer from being detached, to block the carbon nanotube layer from the outside air, and to prevent changes in characteristics such as conductivity.
- Patent Document 1 a thermosetting urethane acrylate layer is provided on a carbon nanotube layer to protect the conductive layer.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 describe examples in which an inorganic material such as silicon coat or sol-gel silica is used as an overcoat layer.
- Patent Document 3 describes that the rate of change in conductivity can be suppressed by providing a sol-gel silica layer in an environmental resistance test. JP-A-2005-104141 Special Table 2004-526838 JP 2009-119563 A
- Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3 discloses an example in which the conductivity of the carbon nanotube layer is improved by providing an overcoat layer.
- the conductive laminate of the present invention has the following configuration. That is, A conductive laminate having a conductive layer containing carbon nanotubes on a substrate, wherein a water contact angle on the surface of the conductive layer is 20 ° or more and 40 ° or less.
- the conductive laminate of the present invention preferably contains an inorganic oxide in the conductive layer.
- the inorganic oxide is preferably silica.
- the thickness of the conductive layer is preferably 20 to 300 nm.
- the conductive laminate of the present invention is preferably a conductive laminate satisfying at least one of the following [A] to [B].
- the method for producing a conductive laminate of the present invention has the following configuration. That is, A method for producing the conductive laminate, comprising: forming a layer containing carbon nanotubes on a substrate; and then performing an overcoat treatment to form a conductive layer.
- the conductivity of the conductive layer containing carbon nanotubes can be improved, and the conductivity of the conductive laminate can be further improved.
- the conductive laminate of the present invention is a conductive laminate having a conductive layer containing carbon nanotubes on a substrate, and the water contact angle on the surface of the conductive layer is 20 ° or more and 40 ° or less. It is technically not easy for the water contact angle on the surface of the conductive layer to be less than 20 °. On the other hand, if the water contact angle on the surface of the conductive layer exceeds 40 °, the conductivity of the conductive layer containing carbon nanotubes cannot be improved during overcoat coating.
- the conductive laminate of the present invention has such a structure, so that the contact resistance between the carbon nanotubes can be reduced and the conductivity can be improved.
- the conductive laminate refers to a laminate having at least one layer (conductive layer) containing a conductive material formed on a substrate by a wet coating method, a dry coating method, or the like.
- the present invention uses carbon nanotubes as the conductive material.
- Base material Resin, glass, etc. can be mentioned as a raw material of the base material used for this invention.
- polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, aramid, polypropylene, polyethylene, polylactic acid, polyvinyl chloride, Polymethyl methacrylate, alicyclic acrylic resin, cycloolefin resin, triacetyl cellulose and the like can be used.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PC polycarbonate
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- polyimide polyphenylene sulfide
- aramid polypropylene
- polyethylene polylactic acid
- polyvinyl chloride Polymethyl methacrylate
- Polymethyl methacrylate alicyclic acrylic resin, cycloolefin resin, triacetyl cellulose and the like can be used.
- the glass ordinary soda glass can be used.
- these several base materials can also be used in combination.
- a composite substrate such as a substrate in which a resin and glass are combined and a substrate in which two or more kinds of resins are laminated may be used.
- the resin film may be provided with a hard coat.
- the type of the substrate is not limited to the above, and an optimal one can be selected from the durability, cost, etc. according to the application.
- the thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, but when used for display-related electrodes such as touch panels, liquid crystal displays, organic electroluminescence, and electronic paper, it is preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 1,000 ⁇ m.
- an undercoat layer containing an inorganic oxide may be disposed on the substrate.
- An undercoat layer containing an inorganic oxide is preferable because of its high hydrophilicity.
- the hydrophilicity preferably has a water contact angle in the range of 5 to 40 °.
- inorganic oxides those containing titania, alumina and silica as the main component are more preferred, and those containing silica as the main component are more preferred.
- the main component means a component contained in 50% by mass or more in all components, more preferably 60% by mass or more, and further preferably 80% by mass or more (hereinafter referred to as others). The same applies to the other components).
- the dispersant which is an insulator contained in the carbon nanotube-containing layer, is preferentially adsorbed on the undercoat layer, and the conductivity of the layer containing the carbon nanotube is improved. Therefore, it is preferable.
- the dispersant will be described later.
- Known wet coating methods such as spray coating, dip coating, spin coating, knife coating, kiss coating, gravure coating, slot die coating, roll coating, bar coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, pad printing, other types of printing methods Etc. are available. Further, a dry coating method may be used. As the dry coating method, physical vapor deposition such as sputtering or vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, or the like can be used. Moreover, application
- Solvent removal methods include convection hot-air drying where hot air is applied to the substrate, radiant heat drying where the substrate absorbs infrared rays by radiation from an infrared drying device, and heats and heats to dry. It is possible to apply conductive heat drying that is heated and dried by heat conduction. Of these, convection hot air drying is preferred because of its high drying rate.
- the thickness of the undercoat layer is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of preferentially adsorbing the dispersant, which is an insulator contained in the carbon nanotube-containing layer, to the undercoat layer, the thickness is preferably in the range of 1 to 500 nm.
- the water contact angle of the undercoat layer is preferably 40 ° or less from the viewpoint of applicability of the carbon nanotube dispersion on the undercoat layer. When the water contact angle exceeds 40 °, the carbon nanotube dispersion may not be uniformly applied on the undercoat.
- the water contact angle of the undercoat layer can be measured using a commercially available contact angle measuring device.
- the water contact angle is measured according to JIS R 3257 (1999) by dripping 1 to 4 ⁇ L of water onto the surface of the undercoat layer with a syringe in an atmosphere of room temperature of 25 ° C. and relative humidity of 50%.
- the angle formed between the tangent at the edge of the droplet and the surface of the undercoat layer is determined.
- the carbon nanotube used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has a shape obtained by winding one surface of graphite into a cylindrical shape. Single-wall carbon in which one surface of graphite is wound in one layer. Both nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes wound in multiple layers can be applied.
- carbon nanotubes in which one side of graphite is wound in two layers, particularly two-layer carbon nanotubes are contained in 50 or more in 100,
- the fact that 50 of the double-walled carbon nanotubes are contained in 100 may be expressed as 50% of the double-walled carbon nanotubes.
- the double-walled carbon nanotube is preferable because the original function such as conductivity is not impaired even if the surface is functionalized by acid treatment or the like.
- the carbon nanotube is manufactured as follows.
- a powdered catalyst in which iron is supported on magnesia is present in the entire horizontal cross-sectional direction of the reactor in a vertical reactor, and methane is supplied in the vertical direction into the reactor.
- the carbon nanotubes containing single- to five-layered carbon nanotubes can be obtained by contacting the carbon nanotubes at 200 ° C. to produce carbon nanotubes and then oxidizing the carbon nanotubes.
- Carbon nanotubes can be oxidized and then subjected to an oxidation treatment to increase the ratio of single to 5 layers, particularly the ratio of 2 to 5 layers.
- the oxidation treatment is performed, for example, by a nitric acid treatment method.
- Nitric acid is preferred because it acts as a dopant for the carbon nanotubes.
- a dopant is a substance that gives a surplus electron to a carbon nanotube or takes away an electron to form a hole, and improves the conductivity of the carbon nanotube by generating a carrier that can move freely.
- the nitric acid treatment method is not particularly limited as long as the carbon nanotube of the present invention can be obtained, but is usually performed in an oil bath at 140 ° C.
- the nitric acid treatment time is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 5 to 50 hours.
- the carbon nanotube dispersant As the carbon nanotube dispersant, a surfactant, various polymer materials (water-soluble polymer material, etc.) and the like can be used, and an ionic polymer material having high dispersibility is preferable.
- the ionic polymer material include an anionic polymer material, a cationic polymer material, and an amphoteric polymer material. Any type can be used as long as it has a high carbon nanotube dispersibility and can maintain dispersibility, but an anionic polymer material is preferred because of its excellent dispersibility and dispersion retainability.
- carboxymethylcellulose and its salts (sodium salt, ammonium salt, etc.) and polystyrenesulfonic acid salt are preferable because they can efficiently disperse carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube dispersion.
- examples of the cationic substance constituting the salt include alkali metal cations such as lithium, sodium and potassium, and alkaline earth such as calcium, magnesium and barium.
- alkali metal cations such as lithium, sodium and potassium
- alkaline earth such as calcium, magnesium and barium.
- the solvent of the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid is preferably water from the viewpoints that the dispersant can be easily dissolved and that the waste liquid can be easily treated.
- the preparation method of the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid used in this invention is not specifically limited, For example, it can carry out in the following procedures. Since the treatment time at the time of dispersion can be shortened, once a dispersion liquid containing carbon nanotubes in a concentration range of 0.003 to 0.15 mass% in the dispersion medium is prepared, dilution is performed to obtain a predetermined concentration. It is preferable to do.
- the mass ratio of the dispersant to the carbon nanotube is preferably 10 or less.
- the mass ratio is more preferably 0.5 to 9, further preferably 1 to 6, and the mass ratio of 2 to 3 is particularly preferable because high transparent conductivity can be obtained.
- Dispersion means during the preparation include mixing and dispersing machines commonly used for coating production of carbon nanotubes and a dispersant in a dispersion medium (for example, a ball mill, a bead mill, a sand mill, a roll mill, a homogenizer, an ultrasonic homogenizer, a high-pressure homogenizer, an ultrasonic device, an atomizer. A lighter, a dissolver, a paint shaker, etc.). Moreover, you may disperse
- the method of preliminarily dispersing with a vibration ball mill and then dispersing using an ultrasonic device is preferable because the dispersibility of the carbon nanotubes in the obtained coating dispersion liquid is good.
- Method of forming a layer containing carbon nanotubes the layer containing carbon nanotubes is formed through a coating process in which a carbon nanotube dispersion is applied to a substrate, and then a drying process in which the dispersion medium is removed.
- the method for applying the dispersion on the substrate or the undercoat layer is not particularly limited.
- application methods such as spray coating, dip coating, spin coating, knife coating, kiss coating, gravure coating, slot die coating, bar coating, roll coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, pad printing, other types of printing, etc. Available.
- coating may be performed in multiple times and it may combine two different types of application
- the dispersion medium is removed from the carbon nanotube dispersion containing the dispersant applied in the drying step.
- Solvent removal methods include convection hot-air drying where hot air is applied to the substrate, radiant heat drying where the substrate absorbs infrared rays by radiation from an infrared drying device, and heats and heats to dry. It is possible to apply conductive heat drying that is heated and dried by heat conduction. Of these, convection hot air drying is preferred because of its high drying rate.
- the layer containing carbon nanotubes means a layer containing solids containing carbon nanotubes and a dispersant after the dispersion medium is removed from the carbon nanotube dispersion.
- the coating thickness (wet thickness) when applying the carbon nanotube dispersion on the substrate or undercoat layer also depends on the concentration of the carbon nanotube dispersion, so that appropriate surface resistance can be obtained. Adjust it.
- the coating amount of the carbon nanotube in the present invention can be easily adjusted in order to achieve various uses that require electrical conductivity.
- the surface resistance value can be 1 ⁇ 10 0 to 1 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ / ⁇ , which is preferable.
- carbon nanotubes can be used more effectively than before by performing the overcoat treatment described later, and high conductivity can be achieved with a reduced amount of carbon nanotubes applied.
- an overcoat treatment is performed after forming a layer containing carbon nanotubes. By performing the overcoat treatment, a matrix is formed in the space between the carbon nanotubes in the layer containing the carbon nanotubes, or a film is formed on the upper surface of the layer containing the carbon nanotubes.
- a composite layer of a layer containing carbon nanotubes and a layer formed by overcoat treatment is referred to as a conductive layer.
- the matrix material newly formed in the space between the carbon nanotubes in the layer containing the carbon nanotubes after the overcoat treatment or the coating material formed on the upper surface of the layer containing the carbon nanotubes is referred to as the overcoat material below. That's it.
- an organic material and an inorganic material can be used, but an inorganic oxide is preferable from the viewpoint of resistance value stability.
- the inorganic oxide include metal oxides such as silica, tin oxide, alumina, zirconia, and titania. Silica is preferable from the viewpoint of resistance value stability.
- the method for performing the overcoat treatment is not particularly limited.
- Known wet coating methods such as spray coating, dip coating, spin coating, knife coating, kiss coating, roll coating, gravure coating, slot die coating, bar coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, pad printing, other types of printing, Etc. are available.
- a dry coating method may be used.
- physical vapor deposition such as sputtering or vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, or the like can be used.
- the operation for performing the overcoat treatment may be performed in a plurality of times, or two different methods may be combined.
- Preferred methods are wet coating gravure coating, bar coating, and die coating.
- Solvent removal methods include convection hot-air drying where hot air is applied to the substrate, radiant heat drying where the substrate absorbs infrared rays by radiation from an infrared drying device, and heats and heats to dry. It is possible to apply conductive heat drying that is heated and dried by heat conduction. Of these, convection hot air drying is preferred because of its high drying rate.
- the conductive laminate of the present invention has a water contact angle of 20 ° to 40 ° on the surface of the conductive layer.
- a hydrophilic overcoat material is combined with a layer containing carbon nanotubes by an overcoat treatment to form a conductive layer, a silica hydrophilic surface and a carbon nanotube hydrophobic surface having a large difference in interfacial tension when performing the overcoat treatment.
- the shape of the carbon nanotube is deformed so that the contact area decreases, that is, the carbon nanotube hydrophobic surface-carbon nanotube hydrophobic surface contact area increases. This minimizes the free energy in the system.
- the resistance value change ratio before and after overcoating is defined as follows and used as an index for improving conductivity by overcoating.
- the resistance value change ratio before and after the overcoat treatment was determined by the following formula (1). When this index was 1 or less, it was determined that there was an effect of reducing the resistance value by the overcoat treatment.
- the thickness of the conductive layer is a value determined by the following formula (2).
- the thickness of this conductive layer is controlled by adjusting the solid content concentration in the coating solution and the coating thickness at the time of coating.
- a preferable thickness of the conductive layer is 20 to 300 nm.
- Conductive layer thickness (nm) bar coat count ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ solid content concentration (% by mass) ⁇ 10 Formula (2) [transparency] As described above, a conductive laminate excellent in conductivity can be obtained. Furthermore, the conductive laminate of the present invention is also excellent in transparency.
- a typical index of transparency is total light transmittance.
- the total light transmittance is preferably 80% or more and 93% or less. More preferably, it is 90% or more and 93% or less.
- another index indicating transparency is the light absorption rate of the conductive layer.
- the conductive layer light absorptance is an index represented by the following formula (3) at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- Conductive layer light absorptance (%) 100% ⁇ light transmittance (%) ⁇ conductive surface reflectance (%) ⁇ conductive surface reverse surface reflectance (%) (3)
- the light transmittance is a percentage of the amount of light observed through the conductive laminate with respect to the amount of light with a wavelength of 550 nm irradiated from the conductive surface.
- the conductive surface reflectivity is the percentage of the amount of light that is reflected by the conductive surface and observed with respect to the amount of light with a wavelength of 550 nm irradiated from the conductive surface.
- the conductive surface reverse surface reflectivity is the same definition as the conductive surface reflectivity except that the light irradiating surface and the light observing surface are the conductive surface reverse surfaces.
- the total light transmittance of a conductive laminate including a conductive layer, an undercoat layer and a substrate has a practical meaning. Accordingly, the light absorption rate of the conductive layer can be effectively used when a specific conductive layer and an undercoat layer are used and the layers are laminated and compared relatively.
- the light reflectance of the conductive surface varies depending on the refractive index and thickness of the conductive layer and the undercoat layer. Further, it is possible to reduce the conductive surface reverse surface reflectance by providing an antireflection layer. Since the influence of the reflectance is eliminated, it is preferable to use the light absorption rate of the conductive layer when comparing the transparency of the conductive layer alone.
- the conductive layer light absorption is preferably 1% or more and 10% or less. More preferably, it is 1% or more and 4% or less.
- a surface resistance value is used as an index of conductivity, and the lower the surface resistance value, the higher the conductivity.
- the surface resistance value is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 0 / ⁇ or more and 1 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ / ⁇ or less. More preferably, the surface resistance value is 1 ⁇ 10 0 / ⁇ or more and 2 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the conductive laminate of the present invention has high transparent conductivity, that is, high conductivity under the same transparency, it can be preferably used for capacitive touch panels, electronic paper, liquid crystal displays, and organic electroluminescence. .
- the conductive laminate of the present invention is excellent in drawing durability, it can be preferably used for a resistive film type touch panel.
- Megaqua hydrophilic DM coat product number DM-30-26G-N1, manufactured by Shukaken Co., Ltd., containing hydrophilic silica fine particles having a diameter of about 30 nm and polysilicate, was used as a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer.
- the undercoat layer forming coating solution was applied on a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film “Lumirror” (registered trademark) U46 (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m using wire bar # 3. After the application, it was dried in a dryer at 80 ° C. for 1 minute.
- catalyst metal salt supported on magnesia 2.46 g of ammonium iron citrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was dissolved in 500 mL of methanol (Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.). To this solution, 100.0 g of magnesium oxide (MJ-30, manufactured by Iwatani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added, and the mixture was vigorously stirred for 60 minutes with a stirrer to form a suspension. Concentrated to dryness at 40 ° C. The obtained powder was heated and dried at 120 ° C. to remove methanol, and a catalyst body in which a metal salt was supported on magnesium oxide powder was obtained.
- the obtained solid was finely divided in a mortar, and a particle size in the range of 20 to 32 mesh (0.5 to 0.85 mm) was recovered using a sieve.
- the iron content contained in the obtained catalyst body was 0.38% by mass.
- the bulk density was 0.61 g / mL.
- a catalyst layer was formed by taking 132 g of the solid catalyst prepared in the catalyst preparation example and introducing it onto a quartz sintered plate at the center of the reactor installed in the vertical direction. While heating the catalyst layer until the temperature in the reaction tube reaches about 860 ° C., nitrogen gas is supplied at 16.5 L / min from the bottom of the reactor toward the top of the reactor using a mass flow controller.
- the resulting black suspension was filtered, and the filtered material was again poured into 400 mL of a 4.8N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, treated with MgO, and collected by filtration. This operation was repeated 3 times (de-MgO treatment). Thereafter, the carbon nanotube-containing composition was stored in a wet state containing water after washing with ion-exchanged water until the suspension of the filtered material became neutral. At this time, the mass of the wet carbon nanotube-containing composition containing water was 102.7 g (carbon nanotube-containing composition concentration: 3.12% by mass).
- this carbon nanotube paste was diluted with ion-exchanged water so that the concentration of carbon nanotubes was 0.15% by mass, and the pH was adjusted to 10 by adding a 28% by mass aqueous ammonia solution again to 10 g of the diluted solution. .
- the aqueous solution was subjected to dispersion treatment under ice-cooling for 1.5 minutes (1 kW ⁇ min / g) at an output of an ultrasonic homogenizer VCX-130 (manufactured by Ieda Trading Co., Ltd.) of 20 W.
- the liquid temperature during dispersion was adjusted to 10 ° C. or lower.
- the obtained liquid was centrifuged at 10,000 G for 15 minutes using a high-speed centrifuge MX-300 (manufactured by Tommy Seiko Co., Ltd.) to obtain 9 g of a carbon nanotube dispersion.
- the obtained wet carbon nanotube aggregate (25 mg in terms of dry mass), 1.04 g of 6 mass% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (weight average molecular weight: 35,000) aqueous solution, zirconia beads “Traceram” (registered trademark) (Toray Industries, Inc.)
- a 28 mass% aqueous ammonia solution (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added to a dispersion obtained by adding 6.7 g of a bead size: 0.8 mm (manufactured by Co., Ltd.) to a container and the pH was adjusted to 10. This container was shaken for 2 hours under the condition of vibration frequency: 1,800 cpm (60 Hz) using a vibration ball mill
- this carbon nanotube paste was diluted with ion-exchanged water so that the concentration of carbon nanotubes was 0.15% by mass, and the pH was adjusted to 10 by adding a 28% by mass aqueous ammonia solution again to 10 g of the diluted solution. .
- the aqueous solution was subjected to dispersion treatment under ice-cooling for 1.5 minutes (1 kW ⁇ min / g) at an output of an ultrasonic homogenizer VCX-130 (manufactured by Ieda Trading Co., Ltd.) of 20 W.
- the liquid temperature during dispersion was adjusted to 10 ° C. or lower.
- the obtained liquid was centrifuged at 10,000 G for 15 minutes using a high-speed centrifuge MX-300 (manufactured by Tommy Seiko Co., Ltd.) to obtain 9 g of a carbon nanotube dispersion.
- carboxymethylcellulose having a weight average molecular weight of 35,000 500 g of 10 mass% sodium carboxymethylcellulose “Serogen” (registered trademark) 5A (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight: 80,000) aqueous solution was added to a three-necked flask, and sulfuric acid first grade (Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) )) to adjust to pH 2.
- This container was transferred to an oil bath heated to 120 ° C., and subjected to a hydrolysis reaction for 9 hours with stirring under heating and reflux. After allowing the three-necked flask to cool, the reaction was stopped by adjusting the pH to 10 using a 28 mass% aqueous ammonia solution (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- the weight average molecular weight of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose after hydrolysis was calculated by comparing with a calibration curve with polyethylene glycol using a gel permeation chromatography method. As a result, the weight average molecular weight was about 35,000 and the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) was 1.5. The yield was 97%.
- a dialysis tube (Spectrum Laboratories, Biotech CE dialysis tube (fractionated molecular weight: 3,500 to 5,000D) obtained by cutting 20 g of the above 10% by mass aqueous sodium carboxymethylcellulose (weight average molecular weight: 35,000) into 30 cm.
- the dialysis tube was floated in a beaker containing 1,000 g of ion-exchanged water and dialyzed for 2 hours, then replaced with 1,000 g of new ion-exchanged water and dialyzed again for 2 hours.
- dialysis was carried out for 12 hours in a beaker containing 1,000 g of new ion-exchanged water, and the aqueous sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution was taken out from the dialysis tube. Dry using a freeze dryer As a result, powdered sodium carboxymethylcellulose was obtained with a yield of 70%, the weight average molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography was the same as that before dialysis, and peak area in gel permeation chromatography spectrum. Compared with 57% sodium carboxymethylcellulose before dialysis, the peak area of ammonium sulfate decreased after dialysis, and the peak area of sodium carboxymethylcellulose was improved to 91%.
- Dialysis when the 0.1 wt% aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose “Serogen” (registered trademark) 5A (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight: 80,000) as the raw material is 1. Before Whereas there was a 0, the post-dialysis was 2. The degree of etherification of 0.7 unchanged before and after hydrolysis. [Formation of a layer containing carbon nanotubes] After adding ion-exchanged water to the carbon nanotube dispersion and adjusting to 0.04% by mass, it is applied to the substrate provided with the undercoat layer using a wire bar and dried in an 80 ° C. dryer for 1 minute. The carbon nanotube composition was immobilized.
- This hydrolyzed silicon coating agent was diluted with isopropyl alcohol so that the solid content concentration became 1% by mass.
- This coating solution was applied onto a layer containing carbon nanotubes using a wire bar, and then dried in a 125 ° C. dryer for 1 minute.
- [Overcoat treatment example 3] In a 100 mL plastic container, 20 g of ethanol was added, and 40 g of n-butyl silicate was added and stirred for 30 minutes. Then, after adding 10 g of 0.1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, the mixture was stirred for 2 hours and allowed to stand at 4 ° C. for 12 hours. This solution was diluted with a mixed solution of toluene, isopropyl alcohol and methyl ethyl ketone so that the solid content concentration became 1% by mass.
- This coating solution was applied onto a layer containing carbon nanotubes using a wire bar, and then dried in a 125 ° C. dryer for 1 minute.
- Hydrolyzed silicon coating agent “Colcoat” (registered trademark) SS-105 (manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.) was used as an overcoat treatment agent.
- a catalyst T manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd. was added as a curing catalyst to the hydrolyzed silicon coating agent. The addition amount was adjusted so that the weight ratio of hydrolyzed silicon coating agent: catalyst T was 100: 5.
- This mixed solution was diluted with methanol so that the solid content concentration became 1% by mass.
- This coating solution was applied onto a layer containing carbon nanotubes using a wire bar, and then dried in a 125 ° C. dryer for 1 minute.
- Polyurethane resin “Superflex” (registered trademark) 150 (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) was used as the overcoat treatment agent. This polyurethane resin was diluted with water so that the solid content concentration became 1% by mass.
- This coating solution was applied onto a layer containing carbon nanotubes using a wire bar, and then dried in a 125 ° C. dryer for 1 minute.
- Example 1 According to the undercoat layer formation example, an undercoat layer was formed.
- a layer containing carbon nanotubes was formed on the undercoat layer using the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid 1.
- An overcoat treatment was performed on the layer containing carbon nanotubes by the method of the overcoat treatment example 1 to produce a conductive laminate.
- Examples 2 to 12, Comparative Examples 1 to 5 Except for the combination shown in Table 1, the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid, the wire bar count at the time of carbon nanotube dispersion application, the overcoat coating liquid, the overcoat coating liquid solid content concentration, the wire bar count at the time of overcoat coating liquid application, A conductive laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the conductive layer Table 2 shows the thickness. Comparing the examples and comparative examples in Table 2, the hydrophilic overcoat material is selected, and the resistance change ratio before and after the overcoat treatment is obtained by setting the water contact angle on the surface of the conductive layer to 20 ° or more and 40 ° or less. It can be made 1 or less, and it can be seen that the conductivity is improved. Further, from Examples 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12, there are lower and upper limits on the overcoat coating amount for reducing the resistance value, and the thickness of the conductive layer is preferably in the range of 20 to 300 nm. I understand.
- the transparent conductive laminate of the present invention can be preferably used as a display-related electrode such as a touch panel, a liquid crystal display, organic electroluminescence, and electronic paper.
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Abstract
Description
基材上に、カーボンナノチューブを含む導電層を有する導電積層体であって、前記導電層表面の水接触角が20°以上40°以下である導電積層体、である。
[A]全光線透過率が80%以上93%以下であり、表面抵抗値が1×100Ω/□以上1×104Ω/□以下。
[B]導電層光吸収率が1%以上10%以下であり、表面抵抗値が1×100Ω/□以上1×104Ω/□以下。
基材上に、カーボンナノチューブを含む層を形成した後、オーバーコート処理し、導電層を形成する前記導電積層体の製造方法、である。
本発明の導電積層体は、基材上に、カーボンナノチューブを含む導電層を有する導電積層体であって、前記導電層表面の水接触角が20°以上40°以下である。導電層表面の水接触角が20°未満とすることは技術的に容易ではない。一方、導電層表面の水接触角が40°を超えると、オーバーコート塗工時にカーボンナノチューブを含む導電層の導電性を向上させることができない。
[基材]
本発明に用いられる基材の素材としては、樹脂、ガラスなどを挙げることができる。樹脂としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)などのポリエステル、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、ポリイミド、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、アラミド、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリ乳酸、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリメタクリル酸メチル、脂環式アクリル樹脂、シクロオレフィン樹脂、トリアセチルセルロースなどを用いることができる。
[アンダーコート層]
本発明においては前記基材の上には、無機酸化物を含むアンダーコート層を配置してもよい。無機酸化物を含むアンダーコート層は、親水性が高いことから好ましい。親水性は具体的には、水接触角が5~40°の範囲にあることが好ましい。無機酸化物の中でも、チタニア、アルミナ、シリカを主たる成分とするものがより好ましく、シリカを主たる成分とするものがさらに好ましい。本発明において、主たる成分とは全成分中に50質量%以上含有される成分をいい、60質量%以上含有されるのがより好ましく、80質量%以上含有されるのがさらに好ましい(以下、他の成分についても同様とする)。
[アンダーコート層の形成方法]
本発明において、アンダーコート層を基材上に設ける方法は特に限定されない。既知の湿式コーティング方法、例えば吹き付け塗装、浸漬コーティング、スピンコーティング、ナイフコーティング、キスコーティング、グラビアコーティング、スロットダイコーティング、ロールコーティング、バーコーティング、スクリーン印刷、インクジェット印刷、パット印刷、他の種類の印刷方法などが利用できる。また、乾式コーティング方法を用いてもよい。乾式コーティング方法としては、スパッタリング、蒸着などの物理気相成長や化学気相成長などが利用できる。また塗布は、複数回に分けて行ってもよく、異なる2種類の塗布方法を組み合わせてもよい。好ましい塗布方法は、湿式コーティングであるグラビアコーティング、バーコーティング、ダイコーティングである。
[カーボンナノチューブ]
本発明において用いられるカーボンナノチューブは、実質的にグラファイトの1枚面を巻いて筒状にした形状を有するものであれば特に限定されず、グラファイトの1枚面を1層に巻いた単層カーボンナノチューブ、多層に巻いた多層カーボンナノチューブいずれも適用できるが、中でもグラファイトの1枚面を2層に巻いた特に2層カーボンナノチューブが100本中に50本以上含まれているカーボンナノチューブであると、導電性ならびに塗布用分散液中でのカーボンナノチューブの分散性が極めて高くなることから好ましい。さらに好ましくは100本中75本以上が2層カーボンナノチューブ、最も好ましくは100本中80本以上が2層カーボンナノチューブである。なお、2層カーボンナノチューブが100本中に50本含まれていることを、2層カーボンナノチューブの割合が50%と表示することもある。また、2層カーボンナノチューブは酸処理などによって表面が官能基化されても導電性などの本来の機能が損なわれない点からも好ましい。
[分散剤]
カーボンナノチューブの分散剤としては、界面活性剤、各種高分子材料(水溶性高分子材料等)等を用いることができるが、分散性が高いイオン性高分子材料が好ましい。イオン性高分子材料としてはアニオン性高分子材料やカチオン性高分子材料、両性高分子材料がある。カーボンナノチューブ分散能が高く、分散性を保持できるものであればどの種類も用いることができるが、分散性、および分散保持性に優れることから、アニオン性高分子材料が好ましい。なかでも、カルボキシメチルセルロースおよびその塩(ナトリウム塩、アンモニウム塩等)、ポリスチレンスルホン酸の塩がカーボンナノチューブ分散液においてカーボンナノチューブを効率的に分散することができ、好ましい。
[溶媒]
本発明においてカーボンナノチューブ分散液の溶媒は、前記分散剤を容易に溶解できる点、廃液の処理が容易である等の観点から、水が好ましい。
[カーボンナノチューブ分散液]
本発明において用いるカーボンナノチューブ分散液の調製方法は、特に限定されないが、例えば次のような手順で行うことができる。分散時の処理時間が短縮できることから、一旦、分散媒中にカーボンナノチューブを0.003~0.15質量%の濃度範囲で含まれる分散液を調製した後、希釈することで、所定の濃度とすることが好ましい。本発明において、カーボンナノチューブに対する分散剤の質量比は10以下であることが好ましい。かかる好ましい範囲であると、均一に分散させることが容易である一方、導電性低下の影響が少ない。質量比は0.5~9であることがより好ましく、1~6であることがさらに好ましく、質量比が2~3であれば、高い透明導電性を得ることができるので特に好ましい。
[カーボンナノチューブを含む層の形成方法]
本発明において、カーボンナノチューブを含む層は、カーボンナノチューブ分散液を基材に塗布する塗布工程と、その後分散媒を除去する乾燥工程を経て形成される。本発明において、分散液を基材上またはアンダーコート層上に塗布する方法は特に限定されない。既知の塗布方法、例えば吹き付け塗装、浸漬コーティング、スピンコーティング、ナイフコーティング、キスコーティング、グラビアコーティング、スロットダイコーティング、バーコーティング、ロールコーティング、スクリーン印刷、インクジェット印刷、パット印刷、他の種類の印刷などが利用できる。また塗布は、複数回に分けて行ってもよく、異なる2種類の塗布方法を組み合わせてもよい。最も好ましい塗布方法は、グラビアコーティング、バーコーティング、ダイコーティングである。
[カーボンナノチューブを含む層の厚みの調整]
カーボンナノチューブ分散液を基材上またはアンダーコート層上に塗布する際の塗布厚み(ウェット状態の厚み)は、カーボンナノチューブ分散液の濃度にも依存するため、望む表面抵抗値が得られるように適宜調整すればよい。本発明におけるカーボンナノチューブ塗布量は、導電性を必要とする種々の用途を達成するために、容易に調整可能である。例えば、塗布量が1mg/m2~40mg/m2であれば表面抵抗値は1×100~1×104Ω/□とすることができ、好ましい。本発明は、後に示すオーバーコート処理を行うことで、従来に比べてカーボンナノチューブを効果的に用いることができ、カーボンナノチューブの塗布量を減らした状態で高い導電性を達成することを可能としたものである。
[オーバーコート処理]
本発明の方法においてはカーボンナノチューブを含む層を形成後、オーバーコート処理を行う。オーバーコート処理を行うことにより、カーボンナノチューブを含む層内のカーボンナノチューブの間の空間にマトリックスが形成されたり、あるいは、カーボンナノチューブを含む層の上面に被膜が形成されたりするので、さらに導電性や耐熱安定性、耐湿熱安定性を向上できる。
[導電層]
以下、カーボンナノチューブを含む層とオーバーコート処理によって形成される層の複合層を導電層という。
[オーバーコート材料]
オーバーコート処理を実施した後にカーボンナノチューブを含む層内のカーボンナノチューブの間の空間に新たに形成されるマトリックス材料、あるいは、カーボンナノチューブを含む層の上面に形成される被膜材料を以下、オーバーコート材料という。
[オーバーコート処理前後の抵抗値変化比]
次式(1)でオーバーコート処理前後の抵抗値変化比を求めた。この指標が1以下である場合、オーバーコート処理による抵抗値低下の効果があると判断した。
[導電層の厚み]
本発明において導電層の厚みは、次式(2)により求められる値をいう。この導電層の厚みは、塗布液中の固形分濃度および塗布時の塗布厚みを調整することで制御される。好ましい導電層の厚みは20~300nmである。この厚みが上記好ましい範囲であると、絶縁体であるオーバーコート材料中に導電材料であるカーボンナノチューブが埋もれにくく、導電積層体表面から導通がとれなくなるおそれはなく、一方、均一に導電層を形成でき、オーバーコート処理による抵抗値低下の効果が安定的に得られる。
[透明性]
上述のようにして導電性に優れる導電積層体を得ることができる。さらに、本発明の導電積層体は透明性にも優れている。
ここで、光透過率とは、導電面から照射した波長550nmの光の光量に対する、導電積層体を透過して観測される光量の割合を%表示で表したものである。また、導電面反射率とは、導電面から照射した波長550nmの光の光量に対する、導電面で反射して観測される光量の割合を%表示で表したものである。導電面逆面反射率も、光を照射する面および光を観測する面を導電面逆面とした以外は、導電面反射率と同じ定義である。
(1)導電層表面の水接触角
JIS R 3257 (1999年)に従い、室温25℃、相対湿度50%の雰囲気下で、導電層上に1~4μLのイオン交換水をシリンジで滴下した。接触角計(協和界面科学(株)製、接触角計CA-X型)を用いて、液滴を水平断面から観察し、液滴端部の接線と導電層の表面とのなす角を求めた。
(2)全光線透過率
JIS K 7361(1997年)に基づき、日本電色工業(株)製の濁度計NDH4000を用いて測定した。
(3)導電層光吸収率
(3-1)導電面反射率、導電面逆面反射率
測定面の反対側表面を60°光沢度(JIS Z 8741 (1997年))が10以下になるように320~400番の耐水サンドペーパーで均一に粗面化した後、可視光線透過率が5%以下となるように黒色塗料を塗布して着色した。測定面を分光光度計UV-3150((株)島津製作所製)にて、測定面から5°の入射角で、550nmでの導電面反射率、導電面逆面反射率測定を行った。
分光光度計UV-3150((株)島津製作所製)にて、導電面から光を入射させて550nmにおける光透過率測定を行った。
(3-1)、(3-2)で測定した導電面反射率、導電面逆面反射率、光透過率から前記式(3)を用いて求めた。
(4)表面抵抗値
5cm×10cmにサンプリングした導電積層体の導電層側の中央部にプローブを密着させて、4端子法により室温下で抵抗値を測定した。使用した装置は、ダイアインスツルメンツ(株)製の抵抗率計MCP-T360型、使用したプローブはダイアインスツルメンツ(株)製の4探針プローブMCP-TPO3Pである。
(5)オーバーコート処理前後の抵抗値変化比
5cm×10cmにサンプリングした、オーバーコート処理前の導電積層体の導電層側の中央部にプローブを密着させて、4端子法により室温下で抵抗値を測定した。オーバーコート処理後の表面抵抗値を同様に測定し、前記式(1)によりオーバーコート処理前後の抵抗値変化比を求めた。
(6)導電層の厚み
オーバーコート処理時の塗工条件(バーコート番手、固形分濃度)から前記式(2)に従って、計算した。
[アンダーコート層形成例]
以下の操作によりポリシリケートをバインダーとし、直径約30nmのシリカ微粒子が表出する親水シリカアンダーコート層を形成した。
[触媒調製例:マグネシアへの触媒金属塩の担持]
クエン酸アンモニウム鉄(和光純薬工業(株)製)2.46gをメタノール(関東化学(株)製)500mLに溶解した。この溶液に、酸化マグネシウム(岩谷化学工業(株)製、MJ-30)を100.0g加え、撹拌機で60分間激しく撹拌処理し、懸濁液とした後、該懸濁液を減圧下、40℃で濃縮乾固した。得られた粉末を120℃で加熱乾燥してメタノールを除去し、酸化マグネシウム粉末に金属塩が担持された触媒体を得た。得られた固形分を乳鉢で細粒化し、篩いを用いて20~32メッシュ(0.5~0.85mm)の範囲の粒径を回収した。得られた触媒体に含まれる鉄含有量は0.38質量%であった。また、かさ密度は、0.61g/mLであった。
[カーボンナノチューブ集合体製造例:カーボンナノチューブ集合体の合成]
触媒調製例で調製した固体触媒体132gをとり、鉛直方向に設置した反応器の中央部の石英焼結板上に導入することで触媒層を形成した。反応管内温度が約860℃になるまで、触媒体層を加熱しながら、反応器底部から反応器上部方向へ向けてマスフローコントローラーを用いて窒素ガスを16.5L/分で供給し、触媒体層を通過するように流通させた。その後、窒素ガスを供給しながら、さらにマスフローコントローラーを用いてメタンガスを0.78L/分で60分間導入して触媒体層を通過するように通気し、反応させた。この際の固体触媒体の質量をメタンの流量で割った接触時間(W/F)は、169分・g/L、メタンを含むガスの線速は6.55cm/秒であった。メタンガスの導入を止め、窒素ガスを16.5L/分通気させながら、石英反応管を室温まで冷却した。
[カーボンナノチューブ集合体の精製および酸化処理]
カーボンナノチューブ集合体製造例で得られた触媒体とカーボンナノチューブを含有するカーボンナノチューブ含有組成物を130g用いて4.8Nの塩酸水溶液2,000mL中で1時間撹拌することで触媒金属である鉄とその担体であるMgOを溶解した。得られた黒色懸濁液は濾過した後、濾取物を再度4.8Nの塩酸水溶液400mLに投入し脱MgO処理をし、濾取した。この操作を3回繰り返した(脱MgO処理)。その後、イオン交換水で濾取物の懸濁液が中性となるまで水洗後、水を含んだウェット状態のままカーボンナノチューブ含有組成物を保存した。このとき水を含んだウェット状態のカーボンナノチューブ含有組成物全体の質量は102.7gであった(カーボンナノチューブ含有組成物濃度:3.12質量%)。
[カーボンナノチューブ分散液1の調製]
得られたウェット状態のカーボンナノチューブ集合体(乾燥質量換算で25mg)、6質量%カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム“セロゲン”(登録商標)7A(第一工業製薬(株)製、重量平均分子量:190,000)水溶液1.04g、ジルコニアビーズ“トレセラム”(登録商標)(東レ(株)製、ビーズサイズ:0.8mm)6.7gを容器に加えた分散液に、28質量%アンモニア水溶液(キシダ化学(株)製)を加えてpHを10に調整した。この容器を振動ボールミルVS-1((株)入江商会製、振動数:1,800cpm(60Hz))を用いて2時間振盪させ、カーボンナノチューブペーストを調製した。
[カーボンナノチューブ分散液2の調製]
得られたウェット状態のカーボンナノチューブ集合体(乾燥質量換算で25mg)、6質量%カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(重量平均分子量:35,000))水溶液1.04g、ジルコニアビーズ“トレセラム”(登録商標)(東レ(株)製、ビーズサイズ:0.8mm)6.7gを容器に加えた分散液に、28質量%アンモニア水溶液(キシダ化学(株)製)を加えてpHを10に調整した。この容器を振動ボールミルVS-1((株)入江商会製)を用いて振動数:1,800cpm(60Hz)の条件で2時間振盪させ、カーボンナノチューブペーストを調製した。
[重量平均分子量35,000のカルボキシメチルセルロースの製造]
10質量%カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム“セロゲン”(登録商標)5A(第一工業製薬(株)製、重量平均分子量:80,000))水溶液500gを三口フラスコに加えて、硫酸1級(キシダ化学(株)製)を用いてpH2に調整した。この容器を120℃に昇温したオイルバスに移し、加熱還流下で攪拌しながら9時間加水分解反応を行った。三口フラスコを放冷後、28質量%アンモニア水溶液(キシダ化学(株)製)を用いてpH10に調整し反応を停止した。加水分解後のカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムの重量平均分子量は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法を用い、ポリエチレングリコールによる校正曲線と対比させて分子量を算出した。その結果、重量平均分子量は約35,000であり分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は1.5であった。また収率は97%であった。上記10質量%カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(重量平均分子量:35,000)水溶液20gを30cmに切断した透析チューブ(スペクトラムラボラトリーズ(株)製、Biotech CE透析チューブ(分画分子量:3,500~5,000D、16mmφ)に加え、この透析チューブをイオン交換水1,000gが入ったビーカーに浮かべて2時間透析を行った。その後、新しいイオン交換水1,000gと入れ替えて再度2時間透析を行った。この操作を3回繰り返した後、新しいイオン交換水1,000gが入ったビーカー中で12時間透析を行い、透析チューブからカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム水溶液を取り出した。この水溶液についてエバポレーターを用いて減圧濃縮した後、凍結乾燥機を用いて乾燥した結果、粉末状のカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムが70%の収率で得られた。ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法による重量平均分子量は透析前と同等であった。また、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィースペクトルにおけるピーク面積について透析前のカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムが57%であったのに対し、透析後では硫酸アンモニウムのピーク面積が減少し、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムのピーク面積が91%に向上した。また紫外可視吸収スペクトルによる波長280nmの吸光度が、原料であるカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム“セロゲン”(登録商標)5A(第一工業製薬(株)製、重量平均分子量:80,000)の0.1質量%水溶液の場合を1としたとき、透析前では20であったのに対して、透析後では2であった。エーテル化度は加水分解前後で変わらず0.7であった。
[カーボンナノチューブを含む層の形成]
前記カーボンナノチューブ分散液にイオン交換水を添加して、0.04質量%に調整後、前記のアンダーコート層を設けた基材にワイヤーバーを用いて塗布、80℃乾燥機内で1分間乾燥させカーボンナノチューブ組成物を固定化した。
[オーバーコート処理例1]
加水分解済シリコンコート剤“コルコート”(登録商標)N-103X(コルコート(株)製)をオーバーコート処理剤として用いた。この加水分解済シリコンコート剤をイソプロピルアルコールで固形分濃度が0.25~1質量%となるように希釈した。この塗液をワイヤーバーを用いてカーボンナノチューブを含む層上に塗布後、125℃乾燥機内で1分間乾燥させた。
[オーバーコート処理例2]
加水分解済シリコンコート剤“コルコート”(登録商標)PX(コルコート(株)製)をオーバーコート処理剤として用いた。この加水分解済シリコンコート剤をイソプロピルアルコールで固形分濃度が1質量%となるように希釈した。この塗液をワイヤーバーを用いてカーボンナノチューブを含む層上に塗布後、125℃乾燥機内で1分間乾燥させた。
[オーバーコート処理例3]
100mLポリ容器中に、エタノール20gを入れ、n-ブチルシリケート40gを添加し30分間撹拌した。その後、0.1N塩酸水溶液を10g添加した後2時間撹拌を行い4℃で12時間静置した。この溶液をトルエンとイソプロピルアルコールとメチルエチルケトンの混合液で固形分濃度が1質量%となるように希釈した。
[オーバーコート処理例4]
加水分解済シリコンコート剤 “コルコート”(登録商標)SS-105(コルコート(株)製)をオーバーコート処理剤として用いた。この加水分解済シリコンコート剤に硬化触媒としてコルコート(株)製の触媒Tを添加した。添加量は加水分解済シリコンコート剤:触媒Tを100:5の重量割合となるように調整した。この混合液を、メタノールで固形分濃度が1質量%となるように希釈した。この塗液をワイヤーバーを用いてカーボンナノチューブを含む層上に塗布後、125℃乾燥機内で1分間乾燥させた。
[オーバーコート処理例5]
ポリウレタン樹脂“スーパーフレックス”(登録商標)150(第一工業製薬(株)製)をオーバーコート処理剤として用いた。このポリウレタン樹脂を水で固形分濃度が1質量%となるように希釈した。この塗液をワイヤーバーを用いてカーボンナノチューブを含む層上に塗布後、125℃乾燥機内で1分間乾燥させた。
(実施例1)
前記アンダーコート層形成例に従って、アンダーコート層を形成した。アンダーコート層上にカーボンナノチューブ分散液1を用いて、カーボンナノチューブを含む層を形成した。カーボンナノチューブを含む層上に前記オーバーコート処理例1の手法でオーバーコート処理を行い、導電積層体を作製した。
(実施例2~12、比較例1~5)
カーボンナノチューブ分散液及び、カーボンナノチューブ分散液塗布時ワイヤーバー番手、オーバーコート塗液、オーバーコート塗液固形分濃度、オーバーコート塗液塗布時ワイヤーバー番手を、表1に示す組み合わせとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして導電積層体を作製した。
Claims (6)
- 基材上に、カーボンナノチューブを含む導電層を有する導電積層体であって、前記導電層表面の水接触角が20°以上40°以下である導電積層体。
- 前記導電層中に無機酸化物を含む請求項1に記載の導電積層体。
- 前記無機酸化物がシリカである請求項2に記載の導電積層体。
- 前記導電層の厚みが20~300nmである請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の導電積層体。
- 前記導電積層体が次の[A]~[B]の少なくとも1つを満たす請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の導電積層体。
[A]全光線透過率が80%以上93%以下であり、表面抵抗値が1×100Ω/□以上1×104Ω/□以下。
[B]導電層光吸収率が1%以上10%以下であり、表面抵抗値が1×100Ω/□以上1×104Ω/□以下。 - 基材上に、カーボンナノチューブを含む層を形成した後、オーバーコート処理し、導電層を形成する請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の導電積層体の製造方法。
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JP2008041445A (ja) * | 2006-08-07 | 2008-02-21 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 透明導電膜の製造方法および透明導電膜 |
WO2012057321A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | 東レ株式会社 | 透明導電積層体およびその製造方法 |
JP2012187824A (ja) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-10-04 | Panasonic Corp | 透明導電膜、透明導電膜付き基材、及びそれを用いた有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
WO2012147815A1 (ja) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-11-01 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 導電性部材、その製造方法、タッチパネル及び太陽電池 |
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WO2012057321A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | 東レ株式会社 | 透明導電積層体およびその製造方法 |
JP2012187824A (ja) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-10-04 | Panasonic Corp | 透明導電膜、透明導電膜付き基材、及びそれを用いた有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
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US10290859B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 | 2019-05-14 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Method of preparing composition for forming positive electrode of lithium secondary battery, and positive electrode and lithium secondary battery manufactured by using the composition |
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