WO2014132676A1 - 冷凍機油及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物 - Google Patents
冷凍機油及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014132676A1 WO2014132676A1 PCT/JP2014/050161 JP2014050161W WO2014132676A1 WO 2014132676 A1 WO2014132676 A1 WO 2014132676A1 JP 2014050161 W JP2014050161 W JP 2014050161W WO 2014132676 A1 WO2014132676 A1 WO 2014132676A1
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- refrigerating machine
- machine oil
- refrigerant
- oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/042—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only
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- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
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- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
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- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
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- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
- C10M2209/043—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
- C10M2209/1055—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/083—Dibenzyl sulfide
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
- C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
- C10N2020/103—Containing Hydrocarbons
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/70—Soluble oils
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a working fluid composition for a refrigerator.
- the “refrigerator” in the present invention includes an automobile air conditioner, a dehumidifier, a refrigerator, a refrigerator / freezer warehouse, a vending machine, a showcase, a cooling device in a chemical plant, a residential air conditioner, a packaged air conditioner, a hot water supply. Heat pumps and the like are included.
- R134a 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), which is hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), difluoromethane (R32) and pentafluoro, as refrigerants for refrigerators, car air conditioners, room air conditioners, industrial refrigerators, etc.
- R410A which is a mixed refrigerant whose mass ratio of ethane (R125) is 1/1
- ODP ozone depletion potential
- GWP global warming potential
- HFO-1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- R32 difluoromethane
- these refrigerants and mixed refrigerants with other refrigerants those that balance GWP and various characteristics have been studied.
- HFC refrigerant low GWP is essential, and HFO-1234yf has a low GWP of 4.
- the GWP of R32 is slightly higher as 675, it is being considered as a promising candidate because it has a high gas pressure and is a highly efficient refrigerant.
- hydrocarbon refrigerants such as isobutane (R600a) and propane (R290) that have already been put to practical use for refrigerators have a low GWP of 20 or less and are suitable for physical properties.
- Patent Document 1 uses a lubricating oil including a refrigerating machine in which a phosphorus-based additive and a specific epoxy compound are added together
- Patent Document 2 uses triphenyl phosphate and tri (alkylphenyl) phosphate together for HFC refrigerant.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a refrigerating machine oil to which tricresyl phosphate and an epoxy or carbodiimide composed of glycidyl ether are added for an HFC refrigerant.
- the oily agent is a lubricating film by adsorption, so the friction coefficient can be kept low when the load condition is relatively mild such as in the mixed lubrication region, but when the load condition becomes severe, the wear resistance is reduced. The effect is lost.
- triphenyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate have a certain degree of wear resistance, they are insufficient in wear resistance in the presence of low GWP refrigerants with severe lubrication conditions.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a refrigerating machine oil and a working fluid composition that have a large wear resistance effect even under severe lubrication conditions in the presence of a low GWP refrigerant and have excellent long-term reliability.
- the purpose is to do.
- the inventors have developed a refrigeration machine oil containing a sulfide compound and a normal phosphate ester in a base oil, and a working fluid for refrigeration and air conditioning composed of a low GWP refrigerant, which has no adverse effect on other characteristics and wear resistance of the refrigeration machine oil. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention provides a working fluid composition for a refrigerator as described in [1] to [8] below.
- the base oil is at least one selected from esters having a carbon / oxygen molar ratio of 2.5 to 5.8 and ethers having a carbon / oxygen molar ratio of 2.5 to 5.8,
- the base oil is etherified with a polyol ester synthesized from a fatty acid having 4 to 9 carbon atoms and a polyhydric alcohol having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and hydroxyl groups at both ends of the polyalkylene glycol.
- the sulfide compound is a thiobisphenol compound, and the orthophosphate is at least one selected from triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, and alkylphenyl phosphate having an alkyl group having 3 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the refrigerating machine oil according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein [5] The working fluid composition according to any one of [1] to [4], further containing 2 to 20% by mass of pentaerythritol tetra (2-ethylhexanoate) based on the total amount of refrigerating machine oil. [6] A working fluid composition for a refrigerator comprising a refrigerant having a global warming potential of 700 or less and the refrigerator oil according to any one of [1] to [5].
- the refrigerating machine oil and the working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine of the present invention have a great effect of wear resistance even under severe lubrication conditions in which coexistence with a low GWP refrigerant, and exhibit an exceptional effect that can be used stably over a long period of time.
- the refrigerating machine oil according to the embodiment of the present invention contains 0.01 to 2.0% by mass of a sulfide compound and 0.1 to 5.0% by mass of a normal phosphate based on the total amount of the base oil and the refrigerating machine oil.
- the base oil can be at least one selected from mineral oil base oil and synthetic oil base oil. Two or more of these base oils may be mixed and used.
- Mineral oil base oils include paraffinic mineral oils, naphthenic mineral oils, and mixed base mineral oils. All of these oils are obtained by subjecting crude oil to atmospheric distillation and then vacuum distillation to remove the lubricating oil fraction.
- a refined lubricating oil fraction obtained by appropriately combining lubricating oil refining means such as extraction, hydrorefining, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, hydrodewaxing, clay treatment, etc. it can.
- the process for controlling the composition is solvent extraction, hydrorefining, and hydrocracking
- the process for controlling the low temperature characteristics such as pour point is solvent dewaxing and hydrodewaxing excluding wax
- the clay treatment is the main.
- the nitrogen content is removed to improve the stability of the base oil.
- Refined lubricating oil fractions having different properties obtained from a combination of various raw materials and various purification means may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Synthetic oil base oils include oxygen-containing compounds such as esters and ethers, and hydrocarbon oils such as poly- ⁇ -olefin (PAO), ethylene- ⁇ -olefin oligomers, alkylbenzene, and alkylnaphthalene. .
- PAO poly- ⁇ -olefin
- ethylene- ⁇ -olefin oligomers ethylene- ⁇ -olefin oligomers
- alkylbenzene alkylnaphthalene
- esters have compounds with various molecular structures, each having unique viscosity characteristics and low temperature characteristics, and having a high flash point compared to hydrocarbon base oils having the same viscosity.
- the ester can be obtained by dehydration condensation reaction of alcohol and fatty acid.
- Polyols) and monovalent fatty acids, or complex esters of polyols, polybasic acids, and monohydric alcohols (or monohydric fatty acids) can be mentioned as suitable base oil components.
- an ester having a carbon / oxygen molar ratio of 2.5 or more and 5.8 or less is preferable from the viewpoint of compatibility with a low-polarity low GWP refrigerant (R32 or the like).
- linear fatty acid having 4 to 9 carbon atoms include butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid and nonanoic acid.
- branched fatty acid include branched butanoic acid, branched pentanoic acid, branched hexanoic acid, branched heptanoic acid, branched octanoic acid, and branched nonanoic acid.
- fatty acids having a branch at the ⁇ -position and / or ⁇ -position are preferred, and isobutanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-methyl Heptanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and the like are preferable, among which 2-ethylhexanoic acid and / or 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid are most preferable.
- fatty acids other than fatty acids having 4 to 9 carbon atoms may be included.
- the polyhydric alcohol is preferably a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydric alcohol preferably has 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
- hindered alcohols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, di- (trimethylol propane), pentaerythritol, and di- (pentaerythritol) are preferable.
- Pentaerythritol or a mixed ester of pentaerythritol and di- (pentaerythritol) is most preferred because of its excellent compatibility with the refrigerant and hydrolysis stability.
- the ether examples include polyalkylene glycol, a compound obtained by etherifying one end or both ends of polyalkylene glycol, and polyvinyl ether.
- the polyalkylene glycol examples include polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and a copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide.
- At least one of the terminal structures is preferably an alkyl group from the viewpoint of hygroscopicity, and particularly preferably a methyl group. Further, from the viewpoint of production ease and cost, it is preferable that one of the terminals is an alkyl group and the other is a hydrogen atom, and it is particularly preferable that one is a methyl group and the other is a hydrogen atom.
- the main skeleton is preferably a copolymer containing an oxyethylene group (EO) and an oxypropylene group (PO) from the viewpoint of lubricity, and the ratio of the oxyethylene group to the total of the oxyethylene group and the oxypropylene group (EO / (PO + EO)) is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.8, and more preferably in the range of 0.3 to 0.6.
- the value of EO / (PO + EO) is preferably in the range of 0 to 0.5, more preferably in the range of 0 to 0.2, and 0 ( That is, a propylene oxide homopolymer) is most preferable.
- Polyvinyl ether has a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1).
- the polyvinyl ether in this embodiment may be a homopolymer having the same structural unit or a copolymer composed of two or more structural units. This is preferable because the characteristics can be adjusted in a well-balanced manner.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group
- R 4 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group or a divalent ether-bonded oxygen-containing hydrocarbon.
- R 5 represents a hydrocarbon group
- m is an integer of 0 or more, preferably a number such that the average value of m is 0 to 10, and R 1 to R 5 are the same for each structural unit.
- the number of R 4 O may be the same or different when m is 2 or more in one structural unit.
- ethers are also more preferably ethers having a carbon / oxygen molar ratio of 2.5 or more and 5.8 or less, which is excellent in compatibility with a low GWP refrigerant, particularly a refrigerant containing R32.
- PAO is widely used. Since PAO is an ⁇ -olefin polymer, its characteristics can be adjusted depending on the degree of polymerization.
- Alkylbenzene is used in the field of lubricating oil for refrigerating machines, but there are linear and branched types depending on the structure of the alkyl group.
- the above mineral base oils and synthetic oils can be appropriately combined and blended at an appropriate ratio so as to satisfy various performances required for each application. At this time, a plurality of mineral oil-based and synthetic oil-based base oils may be used.
- any of a monosulfide compound, a disulfide compound, a polysulfide compound and the like can be used, but a monosulfide compound is preferable.
- a monosulfide compound is preferable in terms of, for example, low activity compared to a disulfide compound, stability of refrigerating machine oil, suppression of deterioration of copper often used in refrigeration equipment, and the like.
- the sulfide compound examples include diphenyl sulfide, dibenzyl sulfide, didecyl sulfide, didodecyl sulfide, and thiobisphenol compound.
- the use of the present invention is generally known as an antioxidant and has a radical scavenging ability.
- a thiobisphenol compound which is also a stabilizer is preferred.
- As the thiobisphenol compound a compound represented by the following general formula (2) is preferably used.
- R 6 and R 7 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrocarbon group; p, q, r and s may be the same or different, and the sum of p + q and r + s is 0 to 5 represents an integer of 0 to 5 which is 5. However, at least one of q and s is 1 or more, and t and u may be the same or different and each represents an integer of 0 to 10. )
- R 6 and R 7 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrocarbon group, and p, q, r and s may be the same or different, and the sum of p + q and r + s respectively.
- at least one of q or s is 1 or more, and the one in which both are 1 is most preferable.
- T and u may be the same or different and each represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- t and u are preferably 0 to 4, more preferably 0 or 1, and most preferably 0.
- Preferred hydrocarbon groups are alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups, alkenyl groups, and phenyl groups.
- methyl groups, ethyl groups, n- Examples thereof include a propyl group, an i-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group.
- Preferable examples of the compound represented by the general formula (2) are specifically 4,4′-thiobis (3-methyl-6-tertiarybutylphenol), 4,4′-thiobis (2,6- Ditertiary butylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis (2-methyl-6-tertiarybutylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis (4-methyl-6-tertiarybutylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis (4 6-di-tertiary butylphenol), bis (3,5-di-tertiary butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, and the like.
- the content ratio of the sulfide compound is 0.01 to 2.0% by mass, preferably 0.05 to 1.0% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by mass, based on the total amount of refrigerating machine oil. % By mass. If it is less than the lower limit, the effect of improving the wear resistance is insufficient, and if it exceeds the upper limit, corrosion wear may occur depending on the atmosphere.
- TPP triphenyl phosphate
- TCP tricresyl phosphate
- APP alkylphenyl phosphate having an alkyl group having 3 to 4 carbon atoms
- TPP and TCP have a single structure
- APP has a mixture of one alkylphenyl group (mono-type), two (di-type), and three (tri-type). There is no particular limitation.
- the content of the normal phosphate ester is 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 3.0% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 2%, based on the total amount of refrigerating machine oil. 0.0% by mass. If it is less than the lower limit, the effect of improving the wear resistance becomes insufficient, and if it exceeds the upper limit, the stability may be lowered.
- the wear resistance of the working fluid can be further improved by further blending pentaerythritol tetra (2-ethylhexanoate) with the refrigerating machine oil.
- Pentaerythritol tetra (2-ethylhexanoate) is an ester synthesized from pentaerythritol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid. These are preferably complete esters in which all the hydroxyl groups of pentaerythritol are esterified (also referred to as “full esters”).
- the acid value of these esters is preferably 0.1 mgKOH / g or less, and the hydroxyl value is preferably 10 mgKOH / g or less.
- the blending amount of the ester is preferably 2 to 20% by mass based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil, and the optimal blending amount varies depending on the type and viscosity of the base oil, but is more preferably 2 to 7% by mass. Although the mechanism has not been clarified, the effect of significant improvement in wear resistance is not exhibited at most.
- antioxidants In the present embodiment, antioxidants, friction modifiers, antiwear agents, extreme pressure agents, rust inhibitors, which have been conventionally used in lubricating oils in refrigeration oils, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- additives such as a metal deactivator and an antifoaming agent can be contained in order to improve the performance.
- Antioxidants include phenolic compounds such as di-tertiary butyl-p-cresol, amine compounds such as alkyldiphenylamine, and friction modifiers include aliphatic amines, aliphatic amides, aliphatic imides, alcohols, Esters, acid phosphate ester amine salts, phosphite amine amine salts, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates etc.
- antiwear agents sulfurized olefins, sulfurized oils and fats as extreme pressure agents, alkenyl succinic acid esters or
- metal deactivator such as a partial ester
- examples of the antifoaming agent include a silicone compound and a polyester compound.
- the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the refrigerating machine oil is 3 to 500 mm 2 / s, preferably 3 to 300 mm 2 / s, more preferably 5 to 150 mm 2 / s. By setting it as the above range, sufficient wear resistance and compatibility with the refrigerant can be enhanced.
- the viscosity index is preferably 10 or more.
- the pour point is preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or lower.
- the flash point is preferably 120 ° C. or higher, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher.
- the acid value of the refrigerating machine oil is not particularly limited, but preferably 0.1 mgKOH / g or less in order to prevent corrosion of the metal used in the refrigerating machine or piping and to suppress deterioration of the refrigerating machine oil itself. More preferably, it can be 0.05 mgKOH / g or less.
- the acid value in the present invention means an acid value measured in accordance with JIS K2501 “Petroleum products and lubricating oils—neutralization test method”.
- the water content of the refrigerating machine oil is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200 ppm or less, more preferably 100 ppm or less, and most preferably 50 ppm or less.
- the moisture content is required to be low from the viewpoint of stability of the refrigerator oil and electrical insulation.
- hydrocarbon refrigerants such as hydrofluoroolefin (HFO), difluoromethane (R32), isobutane (R600a) and propane (R290), which are low GWP unsaturated hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide (R744), Mixed refrigerants containing them have been studied and are promising candidates.
- HFO hydrofluoroolefin
- R32 difluoromethane
- R600a isobutane
- propane R290
- R744 propane
- HFO-1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- HFO-1234ze 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- HFO-1225ye 1,2,3,3,3 -Pentafluoropropene
- the refrigerant in this embodiment is not particularly limited as long as the GWP is 700 or less, but is preferably a compatible refrigerant, that is, a compatible refrigerant without separating into two layers at room temperature.
- a compatible refrigerant that is, a compatible refrigerant without separating into two layers at room temperature.
- those containing one or more selected from hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), hydrofluoroolefin (HFO), carbon dioxide (R744), and hydrocarbons having 2 to 4 carbon atoms are more preferred, and difluoromethane (R32) and / or
- a refrigerant containing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) is most preferable.
- the mixing ratio of the refrigerator oil / refrigerant is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 1000 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 800 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the refrigerant. Part.
- Example 1 to 12 Comparative Examples 1 to 12
- refrigeration oils having the compositions shown in Tables 1 to 3 were prepared using the following base oils and additives.
- the content ratios of the base oil and additives shown in Tables 1 to 3 are content ratios based on the total amount of refrigerating machine oil.
- A-4) Polyvinyl ether (PVE): Copolymer of ethyl vinyl ether and isobutyl vinyl ether (ethyl vinyl ether: isobutyl vinyl ether in a weight ratio of 7: 1) (average molecular weight 910, kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. 66.4 mm 2 / s, viscosity index 85, pour point -35 ° C., flash point 210 ° C., carbon / oxygen molar ratio 4.3) (A-5) Mineral oil base oil (MO): Paraffin-based refined mineral oil (kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C.
- the lubricity test was conducted in accordance with ASTM D3233-73 and a wear test at a constant load using a Falex (pin / V block) tester.
- the Falex wear test was conducted for 5 minutes under a refrigerant blowing control atmosphere (70 ml / min) at an initial temperature of 50 ° C., a rotation speed of 290 rpm, and a load of 50 Lbf.
- the total amount (mg) of pin and V block wear after the test was measured. Note that R32, HFO-1234yf, and R600a (isobutane) were used as blowing refrigerants.
- the stability test was performed in accordance with JIS K2211-09 (autoclave test), 90 g of sample oil with a moisture content adjusted to 100 ppm was weighed into an autoclave, and the catalyst (iron, copper, aluminum wires, all with an outer diameter of 1 .6 mm ⁇ 50 mm) and 10 g of each refrigerant (R32, HFO-1234yf, R600a) were sealed, heated to 175 ° C., and the appearance and acid value (JIS C2101) of the sample oil after 100 hours were measured.
- the acid value of the sample oil (new oil) before the stability test was all 0.01 mg KOH / g.
- Examples 1 to 12 all have a small amount of wear and good wear resistance. In contrast, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the wear amount was considerably large. In Comparative Examples 3 to 12, although the wear amount was reduced as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the additive blending amount was higher than that in the Examples. It can be seen that even in many cases, the effect of wear resistance is far less than that of the examples. Further, when Example 4 is compared with Example 1 and Comparative Examples 5 and 12, it can be seen that a remarkable wear resistance effect can be obtained by appropriately blending (D-1).
- the working fluid composition for refrigeration and air conditioning of the present invention is a working fluid with excellent long-term reliability that can maintain the effect of wear resistance even under severe lubrication conditions, a compressor, a condenser, a throttle device, an evaporator, etc. It is a refrigeration / air-conditioning system with high cooling efficiency that circulates refrigerant between them, and can be suitably used particularly in systems having compressors such as rotary type, swing type, scroll type, etc., room air conditioners, packages It can be used in fields such as air conditioners, refrigerators, car air conditioners, and industrial refrigerators.
Abstract
Description
[1]基油と、スルフィド化合物と、正リン酸エステルと、を含有し、冷凍機油全量を基準として、前記スルフィド化合物の含有量が0.01~2.0質量%であり、前記正リン酸エステルの含有量が0.1~5.0質量%であり、40℃における動粘度が3~500mm2/sである冷凍機油。
[2]前記基油が、炭素/酸素モル比が2.5以上5.8以下のエステル及び炭素/酸素モル比が2.5以上5.8以下のエーテルから選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、前記冷凍機油の40℃における動粘度が3~300mm2/sである、[1]に記載の冷凍機油。
[3]前記基油が、炭素数4以上9以下の脂肪酸と炭素数4以上12以下の多価アルコールとから合成されるポリオールエステル、ポリアルキレングリコール、ポリアルキレングリコールの両末端の水酸基をエーテル化した化合物及びポリビニルエーテルから選ばれる少なくとも1種である、[1]又は[2]に記載の冷凍機油。
[4]前記スルフィド化合物がチオビスフェノール化合物であり、前記正リン酸エステルがトリフェニルフォスフェート、トリクレジルフォスフェート及び炭素数3~4のアルキル基を有するアルキルフェニルフォスフェートから選ばれる少なくとも1種である、[1]~[3]のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機油。
[5]冷凍機油全量を基準としてペンタエリスリトールテトラ(2-エチルヘキサノアート)を2~20質量%更に含有する、[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載の作動流体組成物。
[6]地球温暖化係数が700以下である冷媒と、[1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機油からなる冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
[7]前記冷媒が、ハイドロフルオロカーボン、ハイドロフルオロオレフィン、二酸化炭素及び炭素数2~4の炭化水素から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する冷媒である、[6]に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
[8]前記冷媒が、ジフルオロメタン及び2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する冷媒である、[6]又は[7]に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
現在は1,1,1,2-テトラフルオロエタン(R134a)が冷蔵庫及びカーエアコン用として、ジフルオロメタン(R32)とペンタフルオロエタン(R125)の質量比1/1の混合冷媒であるR410Aがルームエアコン用として広く使用されている。これらの冷媒用の冷凍機油の基油としては、適度な相互溶解性(相溶性)のあるエステル、ポリエーテル、特にはポリオールエステル、ポリアルキレングリコール、ポリビニルエーテルが適している。
実施例1~12及び比較例1~12においては、次に示す基油、添加剤を用いて、表1~3に示す組成を有する冷凍機油を調製した。なお、表1~3に示した基油及び添加剤の含有割合は、いずれも冷凍機油全量を基準とする含有割合である。
(A-1)ポリオールエステル(POE-1):ペンタエリスリトールと、2-メチルプロパン酸と3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸が質量比で35:65の混合酸とのエステル(40℃における動粘度68.1mm2/s、粘度指数84、流動点-40℃、引火点240℃、炭素/酸素モル比3.6)
(A-2)ポリオールエステル(POE-2):ペンタエリスリトールと、2-エチルヘキサン酸と3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸が質量比で5:5の混合酸とのエステル(40℃における動粘度66.7mm2/s、粘度指数92、流動点-40℃、引火点248℃、炭素/酸素モル比4.8)
(A-3)ポリアルキレングリコール(PAG):両末端がメチル基で封鎖されたポリオキシプロピレン(平均分子量1000、40℃における動粘度46.0mm2/s、粘度指数190、流動点-45℃、引火点218℃、炭素/酸素モル比3.0)
(A-4)ポリビニルエーテル(PVE):エチルビニルエーテルとイソブチルビニルエーテルの共重合体(エチルビニルエーテル:イソブチルビニルエーテルが重量比で7:1)、(平均分子量910、40℃における動粘度66.4mm2/s、粘度指数85、流動点-35℃、引火点210℃、炭素/酸素モル比4.3)
(A-5)鉱油系基油(MO):パラフィン系精製鉱油(40℃における動粘度22.3mm2/s、粘度指数95、流動点―15℃、引火点200℃)
なお、動粘度及び粘度指数はJIS K2283、流動点はJIS K2269引火点は JIS K2265に準拠し測定した。
(S-1)ジベンジルスルフィド
(S-2)ジドデシルスルフィド
(S-3)4,4’-チオビス(3-メチル-6-ターシャリーブチルフェノール)
(P-1)トリクレジルフォスフェート(TCP)
(P-2)トリフェニルフォスフェート(TPP)
(P-3)トリデシルフォスフェート(TDP)
(D-1)ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(2-エチルヘキサノアート)(ペンタエルスリトールと2-エチルヘキサン酸のエステル、酸価0.01mgKOH/g、水酸基価1.2mgKOH/g)
潤滑性試験は、ASTM D3233-73に準拠し、ファレックス(ピン/Vブロック)試験機を用いて、一定荷重での摩耗試験を行った。
ファレクス摩耗試験は、冷媒吹き込み制御雰囲気下(70ml/min)、初期温度50℃、回転数290rpm、荷重50Lbfでならし運転を5分間行い、その後に、同じ回転数で本試験を荷重100Lbfで1時間行い、試験後のピンとVブロックの摩耗量の合計値(mg)を測定した。
なお、吹き込み冷媒としてはR32、HFO-1234yf、R600a(イソブタン)を使用した。
安定性試験は、JIS K2211-09(オートクレーブテスト)に準拠し、含有水分量を100ppmに調整した試料油90gをオートクレーブに秤取し、触媒(鉄、銅、アルミの線、いずれも外径1.6mm×50mm)と各々の冷媒(R32、HFO-1234yf、R600a)10gを封入した後、175℃に加熱し、100時間後の試料油の外観と酸価(JIS C2101)を測定した。
なお、安定性試験前の試料油(新油)の酸価は、すべて0.01mgKOH/gであった。
また、実施例4と実施例1、比較例5、12を比べると、(D-1)の適切な配合により、格段の耐摩耗効果が得られることがわかる。
Claims (8)
- 基油と、スルフィド化合物と、正リン酸エステルと、を含有し、
冷凍機油全量を基準として、前記スルフィド化合物の含有量が0.01~2.0質量%であり、前記正リン酸エステルの含有量が0.1~5.0質量%であり、
40℃における動粘度が3~500mm2/sである冷凍機油。 - 前記基油が、炭素/酸素モル比が2.5以上5.8以下のエステル及び炭素/酸素モル比が2.5以上5.8以下のエーテルから選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、前記冷凍機油の40℃における動粘度が3~300mm2/sである、請求項1に記載の冷凍機油。
- 前記基油が、炭素数4以上9以下の脂肪酸と炭素数4以上12以下の多価アルコールとから合成されるポリオールエステル、ポリアルキレングリコール、ポリアルキレングリコールの両末端の水酸基をエーテル化した化合物及びポリビニルエーテルから選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1又は2に記載の冷凍機油。
- 前記スルフィド化合物がチオビスフェノール化合物であり、前記正リン酸エステルがトリフェニルフォスフェート、トリクレジルフォスフェート及び炭素数3~4のアルキル基を有するアルキルフェニルフォスフェートから選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機油。
- 冷凍機油全量を基準としてペンタエリスリトールテトラ(2-エチルヘキサノアート)を2~20質量%更に含有する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機油。
- 地球温暖化係数が700以下である冷媒と、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機油からなる冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
- 前記冷媒が、ハイドロフルオロカーボン、ハイドロフルオロオレフィン、二酸化炭素及び炭素数2~4の炭化水素から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する冷媒である、請求項6に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
- 前記冷媒が、ジフルオロメタン及び2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する冷媒である、請求項6又は7に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
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CN107406783B (zh) * | 2015-03-02 | 2020-11-24 | Jxtg能源株式会社 | 冷冻机油及冷冻机用工作流体组合物 |
CN107406799A (zh) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-11-28 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 冷冻机润滑油和冷冻机用混合组合物 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW201433629A (zh) | 2014-09-01 |
CN105008501A (zh) | 2015-10-28 |
EP2963098A1 (en) | 2016-01-06 |
EP2963098A4 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
JPWO2014132676A1 (ja) | 2017-02-02 |
KR20150116824A (ko) | 2015-10-16 |
US10626344B2 (en) | 2020-04-21 |
US20150376543A1 (en) | 2015-12-31 |
EP2963098B1 (en) | 2024-03-27 |
TWI601811B (zh) | 2017-10-11 |
US20180201867A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 |
JP6178839B2 (ja) | 2017-08-09 |
US9944881B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 |
BR112015019683A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
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