WO2014112439A1 - 電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の製造方法 - Google Patents
電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J9/00—Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
- C09J9/02—Electrically-conducting adhesives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
- H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/001—Conductive additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/045—Fullerenes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a conductive adhesive composition for an electrochemical element electrode for forming a conductive adhesive layer provided between an electrode active material layer and a current collector.
- electrochemical devices particularly lithium-ion batteries, which are small and light, have a high energy density, and can be repeatedly charged and discharged, is rapidly expanding due to their characteristics.
- an electrochemical element typified by a lithium ion battery has high energy density and output density, and is expected to be used in small applications such as mobile phones and notebook personal computers, and in large applications such as in-vehicle use.
- these electrochemical devices are required to be further improved, such as low resistance, high capacity, high withstand voltage and mechanical properties, and longer cycle life, as their applications expand and develop. It has been.
- the electrochemical element can increase the operating voltage and the energy density by using an organic electrolyte, but has a problem that the internal resistance is large due to the high viscosity of the electrolyte. .
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 a conductive adhesive composition is obtained by dispersing conductive carbon in a mixed solution containing water, an organic solvent and conductive carbon using a dissolver-type stirrer.
- the conductive adhesive layer is formed by applying and drying the adhesive composition on the current collector.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 since media is used to disperse conductive carbon, impurities such as metal atoms derived from the media may be mixed into the obtained conductive adhesive composition. Therefore, the polymer (latex) in the conductive adhesive composition is cross-linked, or the conductive carbon is broken by the impact of the media to form a new interface and re-aggregate. The storage stability may be deteriorated. Furthermore, the high temperature cycle characteristic of the battery obtained was deteriorated by mixing metal atoms.
- the objective of this invention is providing the manufacturing method of the electroconductive adhesive material composition for electrochemical element electrodes excellent in storage stability and the cycling characteristics of a battery.
- the present inventor has found that the above object can be achieved by dispersing conductive carbon under specific conditions, and has completed the present invention.
- a second step of processing using a high-pressure disperser having a nozzle diameter of 100 to 500 ⁇ m, and a method for producing a conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes (2) The electrochemical element electrode according to (1), wherein the amount of 150 mesh residue in the Marlon mechanical stability test of the particulate binder used in the first step is 0.3% by weight or less.
- the 90% cumulative value (D 90 ) of the volume particle size distribution measured by a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device for conductive carbon used in the first step is 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the manufacturing method of the electroconductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes as described in (2), (4) The total solid content concentration of the slurry containing conductive carbon, the particulate binder and the dispersion medium, and the total solid content concentration of the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical device electrodes obtained by the second step are 15 The method for producing a conductive adhesive composition for an electrochemical element electrode according to any one of (1) to (3), characterized in that the content is 35% by weight, (5) The method for producing a conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes according to (1), wherein the nozzle diameter is 100 to 400 ⁇ m.
- a conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes excellent in storage stability and battery cycle characteristics can be obtained.
- the method for producing a conductive adhesive composition for an electrochemical element electrode of the present invention comprises a first step of stirring a slurry containing conductive carbon, a particulate binder and a dispersion medium at a temperature in the range of 5 to 40 ° C .; And a second step of treating the slurry stirred in the first step using a high-pressure disperser having a treatment pressure of 80 to 230 MPa and a nozzle diameter of 100 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the high-pressure disperser is not particularly limited as long as the raw material composition is made into a high pressure and ejected from a narrow gap such as a nozzle, but a collision type wet jet mill (for example, manufactured by Sugino Machine (Starburst)), a shear type wet It is preferable to use a jet mill (for example, a jet mill (JN-100) manufactured by Joko Co., Ltd., Nanovaida (C-ES) manufactured by Yoshida Kikai Kogyo Co., Ltd., or BERYU MINI) manufactured by Miki Co., Ltd.).
- a collision type wet jet mill for example, manufactured by Sugino Machine (Starburst)
- a jet mill for example, a jet mill (JN-100) manufactured by Joko Co., Ltd., Nanovaida (C-ES) manufactured by Yoshida Kikai Kogyo Co., Ltd., or BERYU MINI) manufactured
- FIG. 1 is a view showing an outline of a high-pressure disperser used for producing the adhesive composition of the present invention.
- the high-pressure disperser 2 includes a raw material tank 6 that stores a slurry-like raw material composition 4 containing conductive carbon, a particulate binder, and a dispersant, and a slurry pump 10 that pressurizes the raw material composition 4 supplied to a conduit 8. And a nozzle 12 that performs a dispersion treatment of the pressurized raw material composition 4 and a product collection tank 16 that collects the adhesive composition 14 obtained by the dispersion treatment.
- the raw material composition 4 is supplied to the conduit 8 through a raw material supply pipe 18 connected to the raw material tank 6.
- the raw material composition 4 supplied to the conduit 8 is pressurized by the slurry pump 10 and supplied to the nozzle 12 via the conduit 8.
- the total solid concentration of the raw material composition 4 is preferably 15 to 35% by weight, more preferably 17 to 32% by weight, and still more preferably 20 to 30% by weight. If the total solid content concentration of the raw material composition 4 is too high, the viscosity of the raw material composition 4 becomes high, so that high-pressure dispersion treatment using the high-pressure disperser 2 cannot be performed. Moreover, when the total solid content concentration of the raw material composition 4 is too low, a uniform coating film cannot be obtained when the obtained adhesive composition 14 is applied on the current collector.
- the processing pressure applied using the slurry pump 10 is 80 to 230 MPa, preferably 90 to 220 MPa, more preferably 100 to 210 MPa from the viewpoint that the conductive carbon can be dispersed without aggregating the particulate binder. It is. If the treatment pressure is too low, the conductive carbon cannot be crushed. If the processing pressure is too high, the particulate binder will aggregate.
- the conductive carbon in the raw material composition 4 is dispersed in the nozzle 12.
- the shape of the nozzle 12 is not particularly limited, but a straight nozzle 12a shown in FIG. 2, a cross (X-type) nozzle 12b shown in FIG. 3, and the like can be used.
- the nozzle diameter is the inner diameter of the narrowest portion of the flow path of the raw material composition 4 which nozzles are provided, in the straight nozzle 12a (Fig. 2), d 1 is the nozzle diameter, cross nozzle 12b (FIG. 3 ), D 2 is the nozzle diameter.
- diamond, high-hardness ceramics, or the like is preferably used as the material constituting the members 20 and 22 forming the rigid walls of the nozzles 12a and 12b.
- the nozzle diameter of the nozzle 12 is 100 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 100 to 400 ⁇ m, more preferably 110 to 380 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 120 to 350 ⁇ m. If the nozzle diameter is too small, the conductive carbon bridges and the nozzle 12 is clogged. If the nozzle diameter is too large, the raw material composition 4 cannot be sufficiently pressurized when the slurry pump 10 is pressurized. When the dispersion process is performed by the nozzle 12, the adhesive composition 14 is discharged to the product recovery tank 16 through the outlet pipe 19.
- the raw material tank 6 is configured so that the raw material composition 4 can be stirred. Specifically, stirring using a stirrer and a magnetic stirrer, stirring using a stirring bar or a stirring blade, and the like can be given. Moreover, the raw material tank 6 is comprised so that the temperature of the raw material composition 4 can be made into desired temperature. From the viewpoint of good fluidity of the raw material composition 4 and no occurrence of aggregation due to heat in the raw material composition 4, the temperature of the raw material composition 4 is 5 to 40 ° C., preferably 8 to 35 ° C., more preferably. Maintained at 10-30 ° C. If the temperature of the raw material composition 4 is too low, the raw material composition 4 may freeze. Moreover, when the temperature of the raw material composition 4 is too high, the raw material composition 4 may be aggregated when pressurized by the slurry pump 10.
- the method for producing the raw material composition 4 is not particularly limited, and any means may be used as long as it can disperse solid components such as the conductive carbon and the particulate binder in the dispersion medium.
- a particulate binder dispersion, conductive carbon and optional components added as needed are mixed together, and then a dispersion medium is added as necessary to adjust the solid content concentration of the dispersion.
- the conductive carbon may be added in a state dispersed in any dispersion medium.
- other components may be added after bringing the particulate binder into contact with the conductive carbon.
- the form of the conductive carbon used in the method for producing a conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is generally carbon particles.
- a carbon particle is a particle which consists only of carbon, or consists only of carbon substantially. Specific examples include graphite with high conductivity due to the presence of delocalized ⁇ -electrons (specifically, natural graphite, artificial graphite, etc.), and several layers of graphite carbon microcrystals gathered together to form a turbulent structure. Examples thereof include carbon black (specifically, acetylene black, ketjen black, other furnace blacks, channel blacks, thermal lamp blacks, etc.), carbon fibers and carbon whiskers, which are spherical aggregates formed.
- These conductive carbons may be used alone or in combination of two kinds.
- graphite and carbon black are preferable in that a conductive adhesive layer having good conductivity can be formed and an adhesive composition capable of high-speed coating can be obtained, and graphite and carbon black are combined. More preferably, it is used.
- the 90% cumulative value (D 90 ) of the volume particle size distribution of the conductive carbon contained in the raw material composition 4 is preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 0.5% from the viewpoint of efficient dispersion. It is 9 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 8 ⁇ m.
- the volume particle diameter D 90 of the conductive carbon can be measured by a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus (for example, manufactured by SALD-3100, Shimadzu Corporation). If the D 90 of the volume particle size distribution of the conductive carbon is too small, the raw material composition becomes highly viscous and cannot be dispersed by the high pressure disperser 2, and if the D 90 of the volume particle size distribution of the conductive carbon is too large. The nozzle 12 is easily clogged.
- the particulate binder used in the method for producing the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound capable of binding conductive carbon to each other.
- a suitable particulate binder is a dispersion type binder having a property of being dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- the dispersion-type binder include polymer compounds such as a fluorine polymer, a diene polymer, an acrylic polymer, a polyimide, a polyamide, and a polyurethane polymer.
- the fluorine-based polymer is a polymer containing a monomer unit containing a fluorine atom, and examples thereof include fluorine resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the diene polymer is a conjugated diene homopolymer or a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture containing a conjugated diene, or a hydrogenated product thereof.
- the diene polymer examples include conjugated diene homopolymers such as polybutadiene and polyisoprene; aromatic vinyl / conjugated diene copolymers such as carboxy-modified styrene / butadiene copolymer (SBR); Examples thereof include vinyl cyanide / conjugated diene copolymers such as acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymer (NBR); hydrogenated SBR, hydrogenated NBR, and the like.
- conjugated diene homopolymers such as polybutadiene and polyisoprene
- aromatic vinyl / conjugated diene copolymers such as carboxy-modified styrene / butadiene copolymer (SBR)
- SBR carboxy-modified styrene / butadiene copolymer
- NBR acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymer
- SBR acrylonitrile / butadiene copoly
- the acrylic polymer is a homopolymer of acrylic ester or methacrylic ester or a copolymer with a monomer copolymerizable therewith.
- the copolymerizable monomer include unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, and fumaric acid; two or more carbons such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and trimethylolpropane triacrylate.
- Carboxylates having carbon double bonds including styrene, chlorostyrene, vinyl toluene, t-butyl styrene, vinyl benzoic acid, methyl vinyl benzoate, vinyl naphthalene, chloromethyl styrene, hydroxymethyl styrene, ⁇ -methyl styrene, Styrenic monomers such as divinylbenzene; Amide monomers such as acrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, and acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid; ⁇ , ⁇ -insoluble such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile Japanese nitrile compounds; olefins such as ethylene and propylene; diene monomers such as butadiene and isoprene; monomers containing halogen atoms such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride; vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl benzoate Vinyl esters such as methyl
- an acrylic polymer, SBR, polybutadiene, PTFE, and an acrylic polymer, SBR More preferably, it is used.
- the amount of 150 mesh residue in the Marlon mechanical stability test of the particulate binder contained in the raw material composition 4 is preferably 0.3% by weight or less, more preferably from the viewpoint of enabling high-pressure dispersion. It is 0.2% by weight or less, more preferably 0.1% by weight or less.
- the 150 mesh residue amount is the ratio (%) of the coarse aggregate amount (residue) to the solid content in the sample, and the coarse aggregate is a 150 mesh wire mesh formed by the Marlon mechanical stability test. It can be obtained by collecting and drying.
- the manufacturing method of a particulate binder is not specifically limited, It can obtain by emulsion-polymerizing the monomer mixture containing the monomer which comprises a polymer.
- the method for emulsion polymerization is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known emulsion polymerization method may be employed.
- the adhesive composition 14 obtained by the present invention is a slurry-like composition in which the conductive carbon and the particulate binder described above are dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- a dispersion medium water and various organic solvents can be used without particular limitation as long as the above-described components can be uniformly dispersed and the dispersion state can be stably maintained.
- the adhesive composition 14 obtained by the present invention may contain a dispersant for dispersing the above-described components.
- the dispersant include cellulosic polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose, and ammonium salts or alkali metal salts thereof, and poly (meth) acrylates such as sodium poly (meth) acrylate. , Polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polycarboxylic acid, oxidized starch, phosphate starch, casein, and various modified starches. These dispersants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content ratio of each component in the adhesive composition 14 obtained by the present invention is not particularly limited, but the total solid concentration of the adhesive composition is preferably 15 to 35% by weight, more preferably 17 to 32% by weight. More preferably, it is 20 to 30% by weight. If the total solid content concentration of the adhesive composition 14 is too high, the viscosity of the adhesive composition becomes high, so high-pressure dispersion treatment cannot be performed, and if the total solid content concentration of the adhesive composition 14 is too low, it will be on the current collector. When applying the adhesive composition 14, a uniform coating film cannot be obtained.
- the total solid concentration of the adhesive composition 14 is substantially the same as the total solid concentration of the raw material composition 4.
- the adhesive composition 14 is in the form of a slurry, and the viscosity thereof is usually 10 to 10,000 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 20 to 5,000 mPa ⁇ s, particularly preferably 50 to 2,000 mPa ⁇ s, depending on the coating method. s. When the viscosity of the adhesive composition slurry is within this range, a uniform conductive adhesive layer can be formed on the current collector. (Current collector with adhesive layer) A current collector with an adhesive layer can be obtained by applying and drying the adhesive composition 14 to a current collector for an electrochemical element.
- the material of the current collector is, for example, metal, carbon, conductive polymer, etc., and metal is preferably used.
- As the current collector metal aluminum, platinum, nickel, tantalum, titanium, stainless steel, copper, other alloys and the like are usually used. Among these, it is preferable to use copper, aluminum, or an aluminum alloy in terms of conductivity and voltage resistance.
- the thickness of the current collector is 5 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 8 to 70 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the method for forming the conductive adhesive layer is not particularly limited. For example, it is formed on the current collector by a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, a die coating method, a brush coating, or the like. Moreover, after forming a conductive adhesive layer on release paper, it may be transferred to a current collector.
- Examples of the method for drying the conductive adhesive layer include drying by hot air, hot air, low-humidity air, vacuum drying, and drying by irradiation with (far) infrared rays or electron beams. Of these, a drying method using hot air and a drying method using irradiation with far infrared rays are preferable.
- the drying temperature and the drying time are preferably a temperature and a time at which the solvent in the slurry coated on the current collector can be completely removed, and the drying temperature is usually 50 to 300 ° C., preferably 80 to 250 ° C.
- the drying time is usually 2 hours or less, preferably 5 seconds to 30 minutes.
- the thickness of the conductive adhesive layer is 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 0.5 to 4 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of obtaining an electrode having good adhesion to the electrode active material layer to be described later and low resistance. Particularly preferred is 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the conductive adhesive layer has a composition corresponding to the solid content composition of the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes, and includes conductive carbon, a water-soluble polymer, and a particulate binder.
- the electrode for an electrochemical element has an electrode active material layer on the conductive adhesive layer of the current collector with the adhesive layer.
- the electrode active material layer is composed of an electrode active material, an electrode conductive material, and an electrode binder, and is prepared from a slurry containing these components.
- the electrode active material may be a negative electrode active material or a positive electrode active material.
- the electrode active material is a material that transfers electrons in the battery.
- the positive electrode active material is a compound that can occlude and release lithium ions.
- the positive electrode active material is roughly classified into those made of inorganic compounds and those made of organic compounds.
- the positive electrode active material made of an inorganic compound examples include transition metal oxides, composite oxides of lithium and transition metals, and transition metal sulfides.
- transition metal Fe, Co, Ni, Mn and the like are used.
- inorganic compounds used for the positive electrode active material include lithium-containing composite metal oxides such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFePO 4 , LiFeVO 4 ; TiS 2 , TiS 3 , non- Transition metal sulfides such as crystalline MoS 2 ; transition metal oxides such as Cu 2 V 2 O 3 , amorphous V 2 O—P 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 , V 6 O 13 It is done. These compounds may be partially element-substituted.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material made of an organic compound include polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacene, disulfide compounds, polysulfide compounds, and N-fluoropyridinium salts.
- the positive electrode active material may be a mixture of the above inorganic compound and organic compound.
- the negative electrode active material examples include carbon allotropes such as graphite and coke.
- the negative electrode active material composed of the allotrope of carbon can also be used in the form of a mixture with a metal, a metal salt, an oxide, or the like or a cover.
- oxides and sulfates such as silicon, tin, zinc, manganese, iron, and nickel
- lithium alloys such as lithium metal, Li—Al, Li—Bi—Cd, and Li—Sn—Cd, Lithium transition metal nitride, silicone, etc. can be used.
- the volume average particle diameter of the electrode active material is usually 0.01 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m for both the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material. These electrode active materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the conductive material for electrodes is made of an allotrope of particulate carbon that has conductivity and does not have pores that can form an electric double layer.
- furnace black, acetylene black, and ketjen black And conductive carbon black such as (registered trademark of Akzo Nobel Chemicals Beslo Tenfen Note Shap).
- acetylene black and furnace black are preferable.
- the electrode binder is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that can bind the electrode active material and the conductive material to each other.
- the amount of the binder for the electrode is such that the adhesion between the obtained electrode active material layer and the conductive adhesive layer can be sufficiently secured, and the capacity of the lithium ion battery can be increased and the internal resistance can be decreased.
- the amount is usually 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the substance.
- the electrode active material layer is provided on the conductive adhesive layer, but the formation method is not limited.
- the electrode-forming composition can contain other active agents, conductive materials and binders as essential components and other dispersants and additives as required.
- specific examples of other dispersants include cellulosic polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose, and ammonium salts or alkali metal salts thereof; poly (meth) Examples include poly (meth) acrylates such as sodium acrylate; polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polycarboxylic acid, oxidized starch, phosphate starch, casein, and various modified starches.
- These dispersants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of these dispersants is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.8 parts per 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material. It is in the range of 8 to 2 parts by weight.
- the paste-like electrode slurry (positive electrode slurry or negative electrode slurry) contains the electrode active material, the conductive material and the essential components of the binder, and other dispersants and additives with water or It can be produced by kneading in an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or tetrahydrofuran.
- the solvent used for obtaining the slurry is not particularly limited, but when the above dispersant is used, a solvent capable of dissolving the dispersant is preferably used. Specifically, water is usually used, but an organic solvent may be used, or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent may be used.
- organic solvent examples include alkyl alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and propyl alcohol; alkyl ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and diglyme; diethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and N-methyl- Amides such as 2-pyrrolidone and dimethylimidazolidinone; sulfur solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; and the like.
- alkyl alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and propyl alcohol
- alkyl ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone
- ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and diglyme
- diethylformamide dimethylacetamide and N-methyl- Amides
- sulfur solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; and the like.
- the slurry for the electrode active material layer is preferably an aqueous slurry using water as a dispersion medium from the viewpoint of easy drying of the electrode active material layer and excellent environmental load.
- water and an organic solvent having a lower boiling point than water are used in combination, the drying rate can be increased during spray drying.
- the dispersibility of the binder or the solubility of the dispersant varies depending on the amount or type of the organic solvent used in combination with water. Thereby, the viscosity and fluidity
- the amount of the solvent used when preparing the slurry is such that the solid content concentration of the slurry is usually 1 to 90% by weight, preferably 5 to 85% by weight, more preferably 10 to 10% from the viewpoint of uniformly dispersing each component.
- the amount is in the range of 80% by weight.
- the method or procedure for dispersing or dissolving the electrode active material, conductive material, binder, and other dispersants and additives in the solvent is not particularly limited.
- the electrode active material, conductive material, binder, and other dispersants in the solvent Method of adding and mixing the additive; Dissolving the dispersant in the solvent, adding and mixing the binder dispersed in the solvent, and finally adding and mixing the electrode active material and the conductive material; Dispersing in the solvent Examples thereof include a method in which an electrode active material and a conductive material are added to and mixed with the binder, and a dispersant dissolved in a solvent is added to and mixed with the mixture.
- mixing means examples include mixing equipment such as a ball mill, a sand mill, a bead mill, a pigment disperser, a crusher, an ultrasonic disperser, a homogenizer, a homomixer, and a planetary mixer. Mixing is usually carried out in the range of room temperature to 80 ° C. for 10 minutes to several hours.
- the viscosity of the slurry is usually in the range of 10 to 100,000 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 30 to 50,000 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 50 to 20,000 mPa ⁇ s at room temperature from the viewpoint of increasing productivity. is there.
- the method for applying the slurry onto the conductive adhesive layer is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, and a brush coating method.
- the coating thickness of the slurry is appropriately set according to the thickness of the target electrode active material layer.
- drying method examples include drying with warm air, hot air, low-humidity air, vacuum drying, and drying by irradiation with (far) infrared rays or electron beams. Among these, a drying method by irradiation with far infrared rays is preferable.
- the drying temperature and the drying time are preferably a temperature and a time at which the solvent in the slurry applied to the current collector can be completely removed.
- the drying temperature is 100 to 300 ° C., preferably 120 to 250 ° C.
- the drying time is usually 5 minutes to 100 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 20 hours.
- the density of the electrode active material layer is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.30 to 10 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.35 to 8.0 g / cm 3 , more preferably 0.40 to 6.0 g / cm 3. It is.
- the thickness of the electrode active material layer is not particularly limited, but is usually 5 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 20 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 300 ⁇ m.
- Electrochemical element Examples of usage of the electrode for an electrochemical element include a lithium ion secondary battery, an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor, a sodium battery, and a magnesium battery using such an electrode, and a lithium ion secondary battery is preferable.
- a lithium ion secondary battery is composed of the electrochemical element electrode, a separator, and an electrolytic solution.
- a separator will not be specifically limited if it can insulate between the electrodes for electrochemical elements, and can pass a cation and an anion.
- a porous separator having pores (a) a porous separator having pores, (b) a porous separator having a polymer coat layer formed on one or both sides, or (c) a porous resin coat layer containing inorganic ceramic powder A porous separator in which is formed.
- these include solid polymer electrolytes such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefin, or aramid porous separators, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, or polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymers.
- a polymer film for a gel polymer electrolyte a separator coated with a gelled polymer coat layer; a separator coated with a porous film layer composed of an inorganic filler and a dispersant for inorganic filler;
- a separator is arrange
- the thickness of the separator is appropriately selected depending on the purpose of use, but is usually 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 80 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited.
- a solution obtained by dissolving a lithium salt as a supporting electrolyte in a non-aqueous solvent can be used.
- the lithium salt include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , CF 3 SO 3 Li, C 4 F 9 SO 3 Li, CF 3 COOLi, (CF 3 CO) 2 NLi , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) NLi, and other lithium salts.
- LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , and CF 3 SO 3 Li that are easily soluble in a solvent and exhibit a high degree of dissociation are preferably used. These can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- the amount of the supporting electrolyte is usually 1% by weight or more, preferably 5% by weight or more, and usually 30% by weight or less, preferably 20% by weight or less with respect to the electrolytic solution. If the amount of the supporting electrolyte is too small or too large, the ionic conductivity is lowered, and the charging characteristics and discharging characteristics of the battery are degraded.
- the solvent used in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the supporting electrolyte.
- Alkyl carbonates such as carbonate (BC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC); esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and methyl formate; ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane; tetrahydrofuran; sulfolane and dimethyl sulfoxide Sulfur-containing compounds are used.
- dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and methyl ethyl carbonate are preferable because high ion conductivity is easily obtained and the use temperature range is wide. These can be used alone or in admixture of two or more. Moreover, it is also possible to use an electrolyte containing an additive.
- the additive is preferably a carbonate compound such as vinylene carbonate (VC).
- electrolytic solutions include gel polymer electrolytes in which a polymer electrolyte such as polyethylene oxide or polyacrylonitrile is impregnated with an electrolytic solution, lithium sulfide, LiI, Li 3 N, Li 2 SP—P 2 S 5 glass ceramic, etc.
- An inorganic solid electrolyte can be mentioned.
- a secondary battery is obtained by stacking a negative electrode and a positive electrode through a separator, and winding and folding the negative electrode and the positive electrode in a battery container according to the shape of the battery, and then injecting an electrolyte into the battery container and sealing it. Further, if necessary, an expanded metal, an overcurrent prevention element such as a fuse or a PTC element, a lead plate and the like can be inserted to prevent an increase in pressure inside the battery and overcharge / discharge.
- the shape of the battery may be any of a laminated cell type, a coin type, a button type, a sheet type, a cylindrical type, a square type, a flat type, and the like.
- the particle size (volume distribution) was measured using a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation: SALD3100). Specifically, the particle size distribution (volume distribution) immediately after slurry production was measured, and D90 was determined. Moreover, it evaluated by the following reference
- the slurry-like adhesive composition was placed in a thermostat set at 25 ° C. immediately after production and allowed to stand for 1 hour to confirm that the slurry temperature was 25 ° C. And after stirring lightly, viscosity (1) was measured.
- This adhesive composition was stored in a sealed container and stored at 25 ° C. for 14 days. Thereafter, the adhesive composition was lightly stirred to confirm that there was no sedimentation, and the viscosity (2) was measured.
- the viscosity change rate of the adhesive composition was calculated from the following formula (1). The smaller the viscosity change rate, the better the storage stability of the slurry.
- the viscometer used was a Brookfield digital viscometer LVDV-II Pro, and the measurement conditions were 25 ° C.
- Viscosity change rate (%) (Viscosity (2) / Viscosity (1)) ⁇ 100 Formula (1)
- the calculated viscosity change rate was evaluated according to the following criteria, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- Voltage drop ⁇ V is 100 mV to less than 120 mV
- B Voltage drop ⁇ V is 120 mV to less than 140 mV
- C Voltage drop ⁇ V is 140 mV to less than 160 mV
- D Voltage drop ⁇ V is 160 mV to less than 180 mV
- E Voltage drop ⁇ V is 180 mV to less than 200 mV
- F Voltage drop ⁇ V is 200 mV or more
- Marlon mechanical stability test The measurement was performed as follows using a Marlon mechanical stability tester (manufactured by Kumagai Riki Kogyo Co., Ltd.). Using 75 g of a particulate binder diluted to a solid content concentration of 30% as a sample, a load of 15 kgf was applied at 45 ° C. for 10 minutes, and the test was performed. After the test, the generated agglomerates were collected with a 150-mesh wire net and dried to determine the amount of coarse agglomerates. The ratio (%) of the coarse aggregate amount (residue) to the solid content in the sample was calculated and used as an index of the mechanical stability of the particulate binder. Further, Table 1 shows the calculated ratio (%) of the amount of coarse aggregates. The smaller this value, the better the mechanical stability.
- Example 1 Manufacture of adhesive composition
- a carbon material carbon black + graphite
- a dispersant polyvinyl alcohol
- the glass transition temperature is ⁇ 15 ° C. and the number average particle diameter is 0.
- a raw material composition was prepared by adding a 40% aqueous dispersion of a 31 ⁇ m acrylic polymer.
- the temperature of the raw material composition was cooled to 20 ° C., and the adhesive composition was subjected to a 3-pass treatment at a pressure of 150 MPa using an X-type nozzle having a nozzle diameter of 150 ⁇ m in a jet mill (JN-100, manufactured by Joko Corporation). Produced.
- the solid content concentration of the obtained adhesive composition was 25% by weight.
- the conductive adhesive composition is applied to an aluminum current collector with a roll bar using a casting method, and applied to both the front and back surfaces of the current collector at a molding speed of 20 m / min.
- the conductive adhesive layer having a thickness of 1.2 ⁇ m was formed by drying at 2 ° C. for 2 minutes.
- a 40% aqueous dispersion of the polymer was mixed with a planetary mixer so that the solid content was 3.0 parts and ion-exchanged water was 35% to prepare a positive electrode composition. .
- the positive electrode composition was applied to the front and back surfaces of the current collector at an electrode molding speed of 20 m / min on the aluminum current collector on which the conductive adhesive layer was formed, and dried at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- a positive electrode for a lithium ion battery having an electrode composition layer with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m on one side was obtained by punching in a square.
- a 40% aqueous dispersion of a diene polymer having a number average particle size of 0.18 ⁇ m is mixed in an amount of 3.0 parts in terms of solid content, and ion-exchanged water is mixed so that the total solid content concentration is 35%.
- the electrode composition was prepared.
- the negative electrode slurry composition was applied to one side of a 18 ⁇ m thick copper foil so that the film thickness after drying was about 100 ⁇ m, dried at 60 ° C. for 20 minutes, and then at 150 ° C. for 20 minutes.
- a negative electrode active material layer was formed by heat treatment. Subsequently, it was rolled with a roll press and punched into a 5.2 cm square to obtain a negative electrode plate having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m on one side.
- a laminated laminate cell-shaped lithium ion battery was produced.
- the electrolytic solution a solution obtained by dissolving LiPF 6 at a concentration of 1.0 mol / liter in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate in a weight ratio of 1: 2 was used.
- Example 2 An adhesive composition and a battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the treatment pressure in the jet mill was 220 MPa.
- Example 3 An adhesive composition and a battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the treatment pressure in the jet mill was 85 MPa.
- Example 4 An adhesive composition and a battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the nozzle used in the jet mill was an X-type nozzle having a nozzle diameter of 370 ⁇ m.
- Example 5 An adhesive composition and a battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the nozzle used in the jet mill was an X-type nozzle having a nozzle diameter of 105 ⁇ m.
- Example 6 An adhesive composition and a battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the jet mill used was Nanothe (C-ES manufactured by Yoshida Kikai Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- Example 7 An adhesive composition and a battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the nozzle used in the jet mill was an X-type nozzle having a nozzle diameter of 450 ⁇ m.
- Comparative Example 1 An adhesive composition and a battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the apparatus used for dispersion was a mixer (Magic Lab manufactured by IKA).
- Comparative Example 2 An adhesive composition and a battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the apparatus used for dispersion was a bead mill (LMZ015 manufactured by Ashizawa Finetech).
- Example 4 The adhesive composition and the battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the nozzle used in the jet mill was an X-type nozzle having a nozzle diameter of 410 ⁇ m and the processing pressure in the jet mill was 50 MPa.
- Example 5 The adhesive composition and the battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the nozzle used in the jet mill was an X-type nozzle having a nozzle diameter of 90 ⁇ m and the processing pressure in the jet mill was 270 MPa.
- the temperature of the raw material composition containing conductive carbon, a particulate binder and a dispersion medium is stirred in the range of 5 to 40 ° C., and this raw material composition is treated using a high-pressure disperser.
- the obtained adhesive composition had good slurry storage stability and battery characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の目的は、保存安定性及び電池のサイクル特性に優れた電気化学素子電極用導電性接着材組成物の製造方法を提供することである。
(1) 導電性カーボン、粒子状結着剤及び分散媒を含むスラリーを温度5~40℃の範囲で攪拌する第1工程と、前記第1工程で攪拌した前記スラリーを、処理圧力80~230Mpa、ノズル径100~500μmの高圧分散機を用いて処理する第2工程とを含むことを特徴とする電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の製造方法、
(2) 前記第1工程に用いる前記粒子状結着剤のマーロン式機械安定性試験における150メッシュ残渣量が0.3重量%以下であることを特徴とする(1)記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の製造方法、
(3) 前記第1工程に用いる導電性カーボンのレーザー回析式粒度分布測定装置により測定した体積粒径分布の90%累積値(D90)が0.1~10μmであることを特徴とする(1)または(2)に記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の製造方法、
(4) 導電性カーボン、粒子状結着剤及び分散媒を含む前記スラリーの全固形分濃度及び前記第2工程により得られる電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の全固形分濃度が15~35重量%であることを特徴とする(1)~(3)の何れかに記載の電気化学素子電極用導電接着剤組成物の製造方法、
(5) 前記ノズル径が100~400μmであることを特徴とする(1)記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の製造方法
が提供される。
本発明に係る電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物(以下、単に「接着剤組成物」と記載することがある。)の製造方法においては、ビーズ等のメディアからの不純物の混入を抑制することができ、電池のサイクル特性が良好である観点から高圧分散機を用いる。高圧分散機は、原料組成物を高圧にしてノズル等の細い間隙から噴出させる装置であれば特に限定されないが、衝突型湿式ジェットミル(例えば、スギノマシン社製(スターバースト))、せん断型湿式ジェットミル(例えば、常光社製ジェットミル(JN-100)、吉田機械興業社製ナノヴェイダ(C-ES)、美粒社製(BERYU MINI))を用いることが好ましい。
本発明の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の製造方法に用いる導電性カーボンは、その形態は特に限定はされないが、一般的には炭素粒子である。炭素粒子とは、炭素のみからなるか、又は実質的に炭素のみからなる粒子である。その具体例としては、非局在化したπ電子の存在によって高い導電性を有するグラファイト(具体的には天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛など)、黒鉛質の炭素微結晶が数層集まって乱層構造を形成した球状集合体であるカーボンブラック(具体的にはアセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、その他のファーネスブラック、チャンネルブラック、サーマルランプブラックなど)、炭素繊維やカーボンウィスカーなどが挙げられる。これらの導電性カーボンは、単独で用いてもよいが、二種類を組み合わせて用いることもできる。これらの中でも、導電性が良い導電性接着剤層を形成することができ、高速塗工可能な接着剤組成物を得ることができる点で、グラファイト、カーボンブラックが好ましく、グラファイト及びカーボンブラックを組み合わせて用いることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の製造方法に用いる粒子状結着剤は、導電性カーボンを相互に結着させることができる化合物であれば特に制限はない。好適な粒子状結着剤は、分散媒に分散する性質のある分散型結着剤である。分散型結着剤として、例えば、フッ素系重合体、ジエン系重合体、アクリル系重合体、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリウレタン系重合体等の高分子化合物が挙げられる。
粒子状結着剤の製法は特に限定はされないが、重合体を構成する単量体を含む単量体混合物を乳化重合して得ることができる。乳化重合の方法としては、特に限定されず、従来公知の乳化重合法を採用すれば良い。
本発明により得られる接着剤組成物14は、上記した導電性カーボン及び粒子状結着剤が分散媒に分散されたスラリー状の組成物である。ここで分散媒は、上記各成分を均一に分散でき、安定的に分散状態を保ちうる限り、水、各種有機溶媒が特に制限されることなく使用できる。製造工程の簡素化の観点から、例えば、上記の粒子状結着剤の製造における乳化重合後に溶媒置換などの操作を行うことなく、直接接着剤組成物を製造することが好ましく、分散媒としては乳化重合時の反応溶媒を使用することが望ましい。乳化重合時には、水が反応溶媒として用いられることが多く、また作業環境の観点からも水を分散媒とすることが特に好ましい。
さらに本発明により得られる接着剤組成物14には、上記各成分を分散させるための分散剤が含まれていても良い。
本発明により得られる接着剤組成物14における各成分の含有割合は特に限定はされないが、接着剤組成物の全固形分濃度は、好ましくは15~35重量%、より好ましくは17~32重量%、さらに好ましくは20~30重量%である。接着剤組成物14の全固形分濃度が高すぎると接着剤組成物の粘度が高くなるため高圧分散処理ができず、接着剤組成物14の全固形分濃度が低すぎると集電体上に接着剤組成物14を塗布する際に均一な塗膜を得ることができない。なお、接着剤組成物14の全固形分濃度は、原料組成物4の全固形分濃度と略同一である。
(接着剤層付集電体)
上記の接着剤組成物14を電気化学素子用集電体に塗布・乾燥することにより接着剤層付集電体を得ることができる。
導電性接着剤層は、電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の固形分組成に応じた組成を有し、導電性カーボン、水溶性高分子、および粒子状結着剤を含む。
電気化学素子用電極は、上記接着剤層付集電体の導電性接着剤層上に電極活物質層を有する。電極活物質層は、電極活物質と電極用導電材および電極用バインダーとからなり、これら成分を含むスラリーから調整される。
電極活物質は負極活物質であってもよく、また正極活物質であってもよい。電極活物質は、電池内で電子の受け渡しをする物質である。
正極活物質は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出可能な化合物である。正極活物質は、無機化合物からなるものと有機化合物からなるものとに大別される。
電極用導電材は、導電性を有し、電気二重層を形成し得る細孔を有さない、粒子状の炭素の同素体からなり、具体的には、ファーネスブラック、アセチレンブラック、及びケッチェンブラック(アクゾノーベルケミカルズベスローテンフェンノートシャップ社の登録商標)などの導電性カーボンブラックが挙げられる。これらの中でも、アセチレンブラックおよびファーネスブラックが好ましい。
電極用バインダーは、電極活物質、導電材を相互に結着させることができる化合物であれば特に制限はない。
電極活物質層は、導電性接着剤層上に設けられるが、その形成方法は制限されない。電極形成用組成物は、電極活物質、導電材及びバインダーを必須成分として、必要に応じてその他の分散剤および添加剤を配合することができる。その他の分散剤の具体例としては、ポリビニリデンフルオライド、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、カルボキシメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロースおよびヒドロキシプロピルセルロースなどのセルロース系ポリマー、ならびにこれらのアンモニウム塩またはアルカリ金属塩;ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸ナトリウムなどのポリ(メタ)アクリル酸塩;ポリビニルアルコール、変性ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリカルボン酸、酸化スターチ、リン酸スターチ、カゼイン、各種変性デンプンなどが挙げられる。これらの分散剤は、それぞれ単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせて使用できる。これらの分散剤の量は、格別な限定はないが、電極活物質100重量部に対して、通常は0.1~10重量部、好ましくは0.5~5重量部、より好ましくは0.8~2重量部の範囲である。
電気化学素子用電極の使用態様としては、かかる電極を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池、電気二重層キャパシタ、リチウムイオンキャパシタ、ナトリウム電池、マグネシウム電池などが挙げられ、リチウムイオン二次電池が好適である。たとえばリチウムイオン二次電池は、上記電気化学素子用電極、セパレータおよび電解液で構成される。
セパレータは、電気化学素子用電極の間を絶縁でき、陽イオンおよび陰イオンを通過させることができるものであれば特に限定されない。具体的には、(a)気孔部を有する多孔性セパレータ、(b)片面または両面に高分子コート層が形成された多孔性セパレータ、または(c)無機セラミック粉末を含む多孔質の樹脂コート層が形成された多孔性セパレータが挙げられる。これらの例としては、ポリプロピレン系、ポリエチレン系、ポリオレフィン系、またはアラミド系多孔性セパレータ、ポリビニリデンフルオリド、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリアクリロニトリルまたはポリビニリデンフルオリドヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体などの固体高分子電解質用またはゲル状高分子電解質用の高分子フィルム;ゲル化高分子コート層がコートされたセパレータ;無機フィラーと無機フィラー用分散剤とからなる多孔膜層がコートされたセパレータ;などが挙げられる。セパレータは、上記一対の電極活物質層が対向するように、電気化学素子用電極の間に配置され、電気化学素子が得られる。セパレータの厚みは、使用目的に応じて適宜選択されるが、通常は1~100μm、好ましくは10~80μm、より好ましくは15~60μmである。
電解液は、特に限定されないが、例えば、非水系の溶媒に支持電解質としてリチウム塩を溶解したものが使用できる。リチウム塩としては、例えば、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、LiClO4、CF3SO3Li、C4F9SO3Li、CF3COOLi、(CF3CO)2NLi、(CF3SO2)2NLi、(C2F5SO2)NLiなどのリチウム塩が挙げられる。特に溶媒に溶けやすく高い解離度を示すLiPF6、LiClO4、CF3SO3Liは好適に用いられる。これらは、単独、または2種以上を混合して用いることができる。支持電解質の量は、電解液に対して、通常1重量%以上、好ましくは5重量%以上、また通常は30重量%以下、好ましくは20重量%以下である。支持電解質の量が少なすぎても多すぎてもイオン導電度は低下し電池の充電特性、放電特性が低下する。
粒径(体積分布)は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(株式会社島津製作所社製:SALD3100)を用いて、測定した。具体的には、スラリー製造直後の粒度分布(体積分布)を測定し、D90を求めた。また、下記基準により評価し、結果を表1に示した。
A:5μm未満
B:5μm以上7μm未満
C:7μm以上9μm未満
D:9μm以上11μm未満
E:11μm以上
スラリー状の接着剤組成物を製造直後に25℃に設定した恒温槽に入れ1時間静置し、スラリー温度が25℃になったことを確認した。そして、軽く攪拌した後、粘度(1)を測定した。この接着剤組成物を密閉容器へ保存し、25℃で14日間保存した。その後、接着剤組成物を軽く攪拌し、沈降が無いことを確認し、粘度(2)を測定した。下記式(1)により、接着剤組成物の粘度変化率を算出した。粘度変化率が小さいほどスラリーの保存安定性が良好であることを示す。なお、粘度計はブルックフィールドデジタル粘度計 LVDV-II Proを用い、測定条件は25℃、60rpmとした。
粘度変化率(%)=(粘度(2)/粘度(1))×100 ・・・式(1)
また、算出された粘度変化率を下記基準により評価し、結果を表1に示した。
A:粘度変化率90%以上101%未満
B:粘度変化率101%以上110%未満
C:粘度変化率110%以上120%未満
D:粘度変化率120%以上130%未満
E:粘度変化率130%以上
スラリー状の接着剤組成物の製造直後の粒度分布(体積分布)を測定し、D90(1)を求めた。この接着剤組成物を密閉容器へ保存し、25℃で14日間保存後、スラリーを軽く攪拌し、沈降が無いことを確認し、粒度分布を再測定し、D90(2)を求めた。下記式(2)により、D90の変化率を算出した。粒径(D90)変化率が小さいほどスラリー保存安定性が良好であることを示す。
粒径(D90)変化率=(D90(2)/D90(1))×100 ・・・式(2)
また、算出した粘度変化率を下記基準により評価し、結果を表1に示した。
A:粒径(D90)変化率100%以上120%未満
B:粒径(D90)変化率120%以上140%未満
C:粒径(D90)変化率140%以上160%未満
D:粒径(D90)変化率160%以上
実施例および比較例で製造したラミネート型セルのリチウムイオン二次電池を24時間静置させた後に、4.2V、0.1Cの充放電レートにて充放電の操作を行い、初期容量C0を測定した。さらに、60℃の環境下で充放電を繰り返し、100サイクル後の容量C2を測定した。高温サイクル特性は、ΔCC=C2/C0×100(%)で示す容量変化率ΔCCにて評価した。
充放電容量保持率をサイクル特性の評価基準として、下記の基準により評価した。充放電容量保持率の値が高いほど、高温サイクル特性に優れることを示す。
A:充放電容量保持率が80%以上
B:充放電容量保持率が75%以上80%未満
C:充放電容量保持率が70%以上75%未満
D:充放電容量保持率が70%未満
実施例および比較例で作製したラミネート型セルを用い、25℃で0.1Cの定電流で充電深度(SOC)50%まで充電し、電圧V0を測定した。その後、-10℃で1Cの定電流で10秒間放電し、電圧V1を測定した。これらの測定結果から、電圧降下ΔV=V0-V1を算出した。
算出された電圧降下ΔVを、下記基準により評価し、結果を表1に示した。電圧降下ΔVの値が小さいほど、低温出力特性に優れることを示す。
A:電圧降下ΔVが100mV以上120mV未満
B:電圧降下ΔVが120mV以上140mV未満
C:電圧降下ΔVが140mV以上160mV未満
D:電圧降下ΔVが160mV以上180mV未満
E:電圧降下ΔVが180mV以上200mV未満
F:電圧降下ΔVが200mV以上
マーロン式機械的安定性試験機(熊谷理機工業(株)製)を用いて以下のように測定を行った。固形分濃度30% に希釈した粒子状結着剤75gを試料として用い、45℃において15Kgfの荷重を10分間加え試験を行った。試験後、発生した凝集物を150メッシュの金網で捕集し、乾燥して、粗大凝集物量を求めた。試料中の固形分量に対する粗大凝集物量(残渣)の割合(%)を計算して、粒子状結着剤の機械的安定性の指標とした。また、算出された粗大凝集物量の割合(%)を表1に示した。この値が少ないほど、機械的安定性に優れる。
(接着剤組成物の製造)
イオン交換水および分散剤(ポリビニルアルコール)を溶かした水溶液に、炭素材料(カーボンブラック+グラファイト)を添加し、さらに粒子状共重合体として、ガラス転移温度が-15℃、数平均粒子径が0.31μmのアクリル系重合体の40%水分散体を添加した原料組成物を作製した。原料組成物の温度を20℃まで冷却し、ジェットミル(株式会社常光社製 JN-100)にてノズル径が150μmのX型ノズルを用い、150MPaの圧力で3パス処理し接着剤組成物を作製した。得られた接着剤組成物の固形分濃度は25重量%であった。
アルミニウム集電体に前記導電性接着剤組成物を、キャスト法を用いてロールバーで塗布し、20m/分の成形速度で集電体の表裏両面に塗布し、60℃で1分間、引き続き120℃で2分間乾燥して、厚さ1.2μmの導電性接着剤層を形成した。
正極の電極活物質として、体積平均粒子径が8μmのコバルト酸リチウムを100部、分散剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロースアンモニウムの1.5%水溶液(DN-800Hlダイセル化学工業社製)を固形分相当で2.0部、導電材としてアセチレンブラック(デンカブラック粉状:電気化学工業社製)を5部、電極組成物用バインダーとしてガラス転移温度が-28℃で、数平均粒子径が0.25μmのアクリル系重合体の40%水分散体を固形分相当で3.0部、およびイオン交換水を全固形分濃度が35%となるようにプラネタリーミキサーにより混合し、正極の電極用組成物を調製した。
前記正極、負極及びセパレータを用いて、積層型ラミネートセル形状のリチウムイオン電池を作製した。電解液としてはエチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネートを重量比で1:2とした混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1.0mol/リットルの濃度で溶解させたものを用いた。
ジェットミルでの処理圧力を220MPaとした以外は、実施例1と同様に接着剤組成物及び電池の製造を行った。
ジェットミルでの処理圧力を85MPaとした以外は、実施例1と同様に接着剤組成物及び電池の製造を行った。
ジェットミルで用いるノズルをノズル径が370μmのX型ノズルとした以外は、実施例1と同様に接着剤組成物及び電池の製造を行った。
ジェットミルで用いるノズルをノズル径が105μmのX型ノズルとした以外は、実施例1と同様に接着剤組成物及び電池の製造を行った。
用いるジェットミルをナノヴェイタ(吉田機械興業社製 C-ES)とした以外は、実施例1と同様に接着剤組成物及び電池の製造を行った。
ジェットミルで用いるノズルをノズル径が450μmのX型ノズルとした以外は、実施例1と同様に接着剤組成物及び電池の製造を行った。
分散に用いる装置をミキサー(IKA社製 マジックラボ)とした以外は、実施例1と同様に接着剤組成物及び電池の製造を行った。
分散に用いる装置をビーズミル(アシザワ・ファインテック社製 LMZ015)とした以外は、実施例1と同様に接着剤組成物及び電池の製造を行った。
原料組成物の温度を55℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様に接着剤組成物及び電池の製造を行った。
ジェットミルで用いるノズルをノズル径が410μmのX型ノズルとし、ジェットミルでの処理圧力を50MPaとした以外は、実施例1と同様に接着剤組成物及び電池の製造を行った。
ジェットミルで用いるノズルをノズル径が90μmのX型ノズルとし、ジェットミルでの処理圧力を270MPaとした以外は、実施例1と同様に接着剤組成物及び電池の製造を行った。
Claims (5)
- 導電性カーボン、粒子状結着剤及び分散媒を含むスラリーを温度5~40℃の範囲で攪拌する第1工程と、
前記第1工程で攪拌した前記スラリーを、処理圧力80~230Mpa、ノズル径100~500μmの高圧分散機を用いて処理する第2工程と
を含むことを特徴とする電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の製造方法。 - 前記第1工程に用いる前記粒子状結着剤のマーロン式機械安定性試験における150メッシュ残渣量が0.3重量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の製造方法。
- 前記第1工程に用いる導電性カーボンのレーザー回析式粒度分布測定装置により測定した体積粒径分布の90%累積値(D90)が0.1~10μmであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の製造方法。
- 導電性カーボン、粒子状結着剤及び分散媒を含む前記スラリーの全固形分濃度及び前記第2工程により得られる電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の全固形分濃度が15~35重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の製造方法。
- 前記ノズル径が100~400μmであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物の製造方法。
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JP6417722B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-06 | 2018-11-07 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物、接着剤層付集電体および電気化学素子用電極 |
WO2018173717A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-24 | 2018-09-27 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 非水系二次電池用バインダー組成物及び非水系二次電池用スラリー組成物 |
US11508955B2 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2022-11-22 | Jiangsu Cnano Technology Co., Ltd. | Conductive carbon material dispersing agent and high-conductivity slurry for lithium battery |
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JP7545244B2 (ja) * | 2020-07-09 | 2024-09-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 全固体電池の製造装置、および全固体電池の製造方法 |
CN113097457A (zh) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-09 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | 一种高稳定性氟化碳水系浆料及其制备方法 |
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