WO2014094373A1 - 全液压驱动二维平移升降式农用车架 - Google Patents

全液压驱动二维平移升降式农用车架 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014094373A1
WO2014094373A1 PCT/CN2013/070791 CN2013070791W WO2014094373A1 WO 2014094373 A1 WO2014094373 A1 WO 2014094373A1 CN 2013070791 W CN2013070791 W CN 2013070791W WO 2014094373 A1 WO2014094373 A1 WO 2014094373A1
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Prior art keywords
oil
oil passage
frame
wheel drive
steering
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PCT/CN2013/070791
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨仲雄
Original Assignee
莱恩农业装备有限公司
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Application filed by 莱恩农业装备有限公司 filed Critical 莱恩农业装备有限公司
Priority to JP2014552507A priority Critical patent/JP5763281B2/ja
Priority to KR1020137032742A priority patent/KR101622119B1/ko
Publication of WO2014094373A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014094373A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B51/00—Undercarriages specially adapted for mounting-on various kinds of agricultural tools or apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B63/00—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an agricultural machine, and more particularly to a multifunctional agricultural machine. Background technique
  • the rice transplanter is one of the most commonly used institutions in agricultural institutions, and the field care machine (mainly referred to as fertilizer spreader and pesticide sprayer) has also been widely used.
  • the field care machine mainly referred to as fertilizer spreader and pesticide sprayer
  • Chinese Patent Publication No. CN101611668 discloses a fertilizer applicator
  • the Chinese Patent Publication No. CN102450131 discloses an agricultural fertilizer applicator.
  • Existing rice transplanters and field care machines are two separate devices that are costly.
  • the invention mainly solves the single function of a plurality of agricultural machinery existing in the prior art, in particular, inserting
  • the downtime machine and the field care machine are independent of each other and cost higher.
  • the existing rice transplanter has a lower frame, while the field care machine has a higher frame height.
  • the two cannot be integrated with each other.
  • the transmission mechanism is complicated and the layout is troublesome. It develops into multi-functionality, and has the technical problems of high failure rate and high maintenance cost. It provides a machine that can be used for rice transplanter and field care machine, and has a simple structure and convenient use.
  • the drive system is light in weight and convenient in layout. Full hydraulic drive two-dimensional translational lift agricultural frame with low failure rate and low maintenance cost.
  • a fully hydraulically driven two-dimensional translational lifting agricultural vehicle frame characterized in that it has a chassis, a translating frame and a hydraulic drive system
  • the bottom frame is composed of a left side beam and a right side beam
  • the translation frame is a frame structure
  • the left side beam and the right side beam are respectively connected to the translation frame by two rockers
  • the right side beam and the translation frame are respectively connected by rotation.
  • the rocker is divided into a front rocker and a rear rocker, and the left and right rear rockers are respectively connected to a jacking hydraulic cylinder.
  • the jacking hydraulic cylinders are respectively rotatably connected to the left side beam and the right side beam, and the rear part of the translating frame is provided with a connecting mechanism capable of connecting the rice transplanting machine and the pesticide spraying machine, and the lower side of the bottom frame is connected with the wheel,
  • the hydraulic drive system includes a front wheel drive oil passage, a rear wheel drive oil passage, a planting oil passage, and a jacking oil passage, and the front wheel drive oil passage is connected to the two front wheel drive motors, and the two front wheel drive motors There is a synchronizing valve between The rear wheel drive oil passage is connected to the two rear wheel drive motors, and the two rear wheel drive motors are also provided with a synchronizing valve.
  • the planting oil passage is connected to a planting motor, and the jacking oil passage is connected. Connected to the jacking hydraulic cylinder as described.
  • the shifting frame is at the lowest position when the transplanting work is performed; when the frame is connected to the field care mechanism, and the fertilizing operation is performed, since the operation is generally carried out at a certain stage of the crop growth, at this time
  • the height of the crop is high, and the height of the frame at the time of transplanting is no longer sufficient. It is necessary to raise the pan. Since the chassis of the present technical solution has only left and right side beams and no beams, the left and right side beams are in the gap of the crop when in use, and do not interfere with the crop.
  • the height of the translation frame determines the effective height of the frame.
  • the translating frame, the underframe and the rocker of the invention form a parallel-like four-sided row, and the translating frame also moves backward while rising, which solves the following problems: Since the weight of the rice transplanter is relatively large, the weight of the pesticide sprayer is higher. Small, this makes the weight of the rear part of the car smaller when the pesticide sprayer is replaced, and the front and back of the car are unbalanced. However, due to the working characteristics of the translating frame of the present invention, the center of gravity of the frame is moved backward during the process of ascending the frame and moving backward, so that after replacing the heavier rice transplanter with a lighter pesticide sprayer, the car The body is still balanced before and after.
  • the invention independently drives the wheels by two front wheel drive motors and two rear wheel drive motors to form a four-wheel drive structure, which is very flexible and powerful, and is suitable for adapting to various working conditions.
  • a synchronizing valve provided between the two front wheel drive motors and between the two rear wheel drive motors ensures synchronism between the left and right wheels during forward or reverse rotation.
  • the balance of the synchronous valve is justified, so that the inner wheel rotation speed when the turning is slower than the outer wheel is smooth and flexible. Turning effect.
  • the rear rocker is composed of an upper rod, a lower rod and a transition portion between the upper and lower rods, and the upper rod is inclined inward by 7-20 degrees with respect to the lower rod, and the transition portion is The drive arm is rotatably coupled.
  • the lower rod is vertical and the upper rod is inclined inward by 7-20 degrees.
  • This structure is to prevent the problem that the translation frame continues to translate backwards and falls when the translation frame is moved to the upper end position, if the upper and lower rods are coaxially vertical, causing mechanical damage and personal injury.
  • the translating frame when the translating frame reaches the uppermost end, it can be subjected to an inward component under the action of its own gravity. Therefore, the above problem can be prevented from occurring.
  • the hydraulic drive system comprises a planting section lifting oil passage, and the planting section lifting oil passage is provided with a lifting pump, and the planting part lifting oil passage is connected with the lifting cylinder.
  • the planting department needs to adjust the height according to the working condition, and the planting part needs to be completely raised when transferring between the working blocks.
  • the system is completed by an oil pump, that is, the lifting pump drives the lifting cylinder.
  • the hydraulic drive system includes a steering oil passage, the steering oil passage is connected to the steering hydraulic cylinder, and the top lift oil passage is provided with an M-type three-position four-way reversing valve, and the three-position four-way reversing valve
  • the oil outlet of the valve is connected to the oil inlet end of the steering oil passage.
  • the steering mechanism of the rice transplanter can be completed by a mechanical mechanism or by the steering oil passage of the present technical solution.
  • the jacking oil passage is driven by the oil return drive of the jacking oil passage. When the M type three-position four-way valve is in the middle position, the two working oil ports of the jacking hydraulic cylinder are closed, and the jacking oil is closed.
  • the oil inlet of the road is connected to the oil return port, and the jacking pump directly drives the steering hydraulic cylinder to work. Since the lifting and lowering of the frame is a function rarely used, the technical solution makes the jacking hydraulic cylinder closed for a long time, and the steering oil passage is generally driven directly by the project lift pump.
  • an overflow valve, a throttle valve, and a two-position two-way valve are respectively connected between the oil inlet end and the oil return end of the planting motor.
  • the overflow valve has a protective effect on the planting motor.
  • the throttle valve can divert the amount of oil inserted into the motor, so that it can control the planting speed.
  • the opening of a throttle valve is set, the planting oil is inserted.
  • the relationship between the road and the front and rear wheel drive oil passages, regardless of the forward speed of the rice transplanter the seedling distance of the transplanter is fixed. That is to say, the control of the seedling distance is completed by adjusting the opening degree of the throttle valve. Make it very convenient to operate.
  • the 2/2-way valve is in the closed valve position, the planting motor works.
  • the hydraulic circuit is emptied and the planting motor does not work.
  • the front wheel drive oil passage comprises a front drive pump and an H-type three-position four-way reversing valve, and the oil inlet of the three-position four-way reversing valve is connected with the front drive pump, the oil return port and the The oil inlet end of the planting oil pipeline is connected, and the working oil port is respectively connected with two front wheel drive motors;
  • the rear wheel drive oil passage includes a rear drive pump and an H type three-position four-way reversing valve, The oil inlet of the three-position four-way reversing valve is connected with the rear drive pump, the oil return port is connected to the oil inlet end of the planting oil passage, and the working oil port is respectively connected with the two rear wheel drive motors.
  • the oil returning through the planting oil passage, using the oil return of the front and rear wheels to drive the oil passage, driving the planting mechanism to work when When the three-position four-way reversing valve is in the neutral position, since the three-position four-way reversing valve is H-shaped, the oil inlet and return oil passages of the front and rear wheels are directly connected, and the front and rear wheel drive motors are directly connected. Stop working, at this time, the hydraulic circuit can drive the planting mechanism to work.
  • the invention utilizes the oil return driving planting mechanism of the front and rear wheel drive oil passages, on the one hand, simplifies the working oil passage of the planting mechanism, on the other hand, the linkage mechanism between the planting mechanism and the wheel walking is realized, and the same is ensured.
  • the proportional relationship between When walking on different roads, you can also switch the cutter drive or rear wheel drive by adjusting the front wheel drive oil or the three-position four-way selector valve on the rear wheel drive oil line.
  • the front and rear ends of the left and right side beams are respectively provided with a positioning block, and the positioning block is provided There is a positioning screw hole, and each of the rocking bars is provided with a positioning through hole corresponding to the positioning screw hole.
  • the positioning screw hole on the positioning block is exactly opposite to the corresponding positioning through hole on the corresponding lower rod.
  • the screw is fixed on the positioning screw hole through the positioning through hole, so that the rocker and the translation The frame is fixed.
  • the two wheels disposed at the front of the chassis are steering wheels, and the axle of the steering wheel is rotatably connected to the wheel frame provided on the chassis through a rotating shaft, and the swinging arm is provided with a swing arm on the chassis.
  • the steering hydraulic cylinders are rotatably connected to the swing arm, and are rotatably connected to the swing arm by a piston rod.
  • the steering of the present invention is accomplished by a unique steering system that adjusts the steering wheel by telescopic expansion of the hydraulic cylinder. This method has changed the way in which the steering wheel and the connecting rod are used to pull the steering wheel to adjust the direction, mainly because of the conventional steering method.
  • the present invention provides the above steering system, and the steering system has the structure. Simple, easy to control, reliable, and flexible.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects of solving the single function of the plurality of agricultural machinery existing in the prior art, in particular, the rice transplanter and the field care machine are independent of each other, and the cost is high, and the existing rack of the rice transplanter
  • the technical problem of the technical problems such as the higher the height of the rack of the field care machine and the inability to integrate the two, the one that can be used separately for the rice transplanter and the field care machine, and has a simple structure and convenient use.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of the present invention in a raised state of the translating frame
  • Figure 2 is a left side view of the present invention in a raised state of the translating frame
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the lowering state of the translating frame of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the hydraulic drive system of the present invention. detailed description
  • the present invention is a fully hydraulically driven two-dimensional translational lifting agricultural vehicle frame, which has a bottom frame and a translation frame 1, and the bottom frame 1-2 is composed of a left side beam. 1-21 and a right side beam 1-22, the translation frame 1-1 is a frame structure, and the left side beam 1-21 and the right side beam 1-22 are respectively passed through two rockers
  • the translation frame is connected, the rocker is connected to the left and right beams, and the translation frame is divided into a front rocker 1-4 and a rear rocker 1-3, a rear rocker.
  • each rear rocker 1-3 is composed of an upper rod 1-31, a lower rod 1-32, and a transition portion 1-33 between the upper and lower rods, and the upper rod 1-31 is inclined inward with respect to the lower rod 1-32 7- 20 degrees, the transition portions 1-33 of each rear rocker 1-3 are respectively rotatably connected with the piston rods of one jacking hydraulic cylinder 1-6, and the cylinder portions of the jacking hydraulic cylinders 1-6 and the left side beam 1 respectively -21 and the right side beam 1-22 are rotatably connected.
  • a positioning block 1-5 is disposed on each of the front and rear ends of the left and right side beams, and a positioning screw hole 1-51 is disposed on the positioning block 1-5, and each of the rocking rods is provided with the positioning screw hole 1-51 corresponding positioning through holes 1-52.
  • the rear part of the translation frame 1-1 is provided with a connection mechanism for connecting the rice transplanter and the pesticide sprayer, the lower side of the bottom frame is connected with the wheel, and the front wheel provided at the front part of the bottom frame is the steering wheel 1-7.
  • the axle of the steering wheel 1-7 is rotatably connected to the wheel frame 1-8 provided on the chassis through a rotating shaft, and the swing arm is provided with a swing arm 1-10, and the bottom frame 1-2 is provided with two
  • the rotary hydraulic cylinders 1-9 are connected in rotation, and the steering hydraulic cylinders 1-9 are disposed correspondingly to the swing arm 1-10, and are rotatably connected to the swing arm through the piston rod.
  • the drive system of the present invention is a hydraulic drive system, including a fuel tank 2-15, an oil pump, a plurality of solenoid valves and a plurality of motors, including a front wheel drive oil passage, a rear wheel drive oil passage, a planting oil passage, and a planting portion lifting oil passage.
  • the jacking oil passage and the steering oil passage are connected to the two front wheel drive motors 2-1, and a synchronous valve 2-3 is disposed between the two front wheel drive motors 2-1.
  • the rear wheel drive oil passage is connected to the two rear wheel drive motors 2-2, and the two rear wheel drive motors 2-2 are also provided with a synchronous valve 2-3, the planting oil passage and a plug. Plant motors 2-8 are connected.
  • the front wheel drive oil circuit includes a front drive pump 2-10 and an H-type three-position four-way reversing valve 2-4, the oil inlet of the three-position four-way reversing valve 2-4 is connected with the front pump 2-1, the oil return port and the transplanting
  • the oil inlet ends of the oil passages are connected, and the working oil ports are respectively connected to the two front wheel drive motors 2-1;
  • the rear wheel drive oil passages include a rear drive pump 2-1 1 and an H type three position four-way exchange
  • the oil inlet of the three-position four-way switching valve 2-4 is connected to the rear drive pump 2-11, and the oil return port is connected to the oil inlet end of the planting oil passage, the working oil port
  • the two rear wheel drive motors 2-2 are respectively connected; the planting part lifting oil line is provided with a lifting pump 2-12,
  • Each of the front wheel drive motor 2-1 and the rear wheel drive motor 2-2 is provided with a high and low speed adjustment switch 2-17, and the adjustment switch 2-17 is connected to a hydraulic cylinder 2-18, the hydraulic cylinder 2_18 and A hydraulically driven high and low pressure switching valve 2-19 is connected, and the high and low pressure switching valve 2-19 driving port is connected to an oil control switching valve 2-16, and the two oil inlet ends of the oil control switching valve 2-16 are The oil inlet end of the lift oil passage is connected, and the other is connected to the oil passage of the steering oil passage, the front wheel drive oil passage, the rear wheel drive oil passage, and the planting oil passage.
  • the front drive pump 2-10, the rear drive pump 2-11, the lift pump 2-12, and the steering pump 2-13 are combined into a four-stage pump, wherein the front drive pump and the rear drive pump are provided with a linkage adjustment switch 2-20.
  • the translation frame, the bottom frame and the rocker constitute parallel parallel rows, and the translation frame moves backward while also rising, which solves the following problems: Because the weight of the rice transplanter is relatively large, the pesticide sprayer The weight is small, which makes the weight of the rear part of the car smaller and the front and back of the car unbalanced when the pesticide sprayer is replaced. However, due to the working characteristics of the translating frame of the present invention, the center of gravity of the frame is moved backward during the process of ascending the frame and moving backward, so that after replacing the heavier rice transplanter with a lighter pesticide sprayer, the car The body is still balanced before and after.
  • the lower rod When the shifting frame is raised to the uppermost position, the lower rod is vertical and the upper rod is inclined inward by 7-20 degrees.
  • This structure is to prevent the problem that the translation frame continues to translate backwards and falls when the translation frame is moved to the upper end position, and if the upper and lower rods are coaxially vertical, causing mechanical damage and personal injury.
  • the present invention when the translation frame reaches the uppermost end, is in its own gravity Under the use, it can be subjected to the inward component. Therefore, the above problem can be prevented from occurring.
  • the hydraulic drive system of the present invention independently drives the wheels by two front wheel drive motors and two rear wheel drive motors to form a four-wheel drive structure, a synchronizing valve provided between the two front wheel drive motors and between the two rear wheel drive motors Synchronization between the left and right wheels during forward or reverse is guaranteed.
  • a synchronizing valve provided between the two front wheel drive motors and between the two rear wheel drive motors Synchronization between the left and right wheels during forward or reverse is guaranteed.
  • the reaction force between the left and right wheels on the oil circuit system is different during the turning process, the balance of the synchronous valve is justified, so that the inner wheel rotation speed when the turning is slower than the outer wheel is smooth and flexible.
  • the turning effect, the oil return of the front and rear wheel drive oil passages are all inserted into the planting oil road, and the oil returning is driven by the front and rear wheels to drive the planting mechanism, when the three-position four-way reversing valve is in the middle position
  • the oil inlet and return oil lines of the front and rear wheels are directly connected, and the front and rear wheel drive motors are stopped.
  • the hydraulic oil circuit can drive the planting mechanism to work.
  • the invention utilizes the oil return driving planting mechanism of the front and rear wheel drive oil passages, on the one hand, simplifies the working oil passage of the planting mechanism, on the other hand, the linkage mechanism between the planting mechanism and the wheel walking is realized, and the same is ensured.
  • the high-speed gear is a gear that does not work in the rice transplanter, and travels on the road surface.
  • the low-speed gear is the gear position of the rice transplanter during operation.
  • the jacking oil passage of the present invention is a driving mechanism for lifting and lowering the mechanism, which is advantageous for realizing the multi-functionalization of the rice transplanter, for example, as a field care machine, and when used as a field care machine, the height of the frame is raised by the jacking mechanism. So that the frame does not damage the crop that has grown to a certain height, and then replace the transplanting mechanism of the rice transplanter with a field care device (such as a fertilizer applicator).
  • a field care device such as a fertilizer applicator
  • the invention can be used for the rice transplanter and the field care machine respectively, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, light weight of the drive system, convenient layout, low failure rate and low maintenance cost.

Abstract

一种全液压驱动二维平移升降式农用车架，它有底架（1-2）、平移架（1-1）以及液压驱动系统构成，所述的底架（1-2）由左侧梁（1-21）和右侧梁（1-22）构成，所述的平移架（1-1）为框式结构，所述的左侧梁（1-21）和右侧梁（1-22）分别通过两个摇杆与所述的平移架相连，摇杆与左、右侧梁之间以及与平移架之间均为转动连接，所述的摇杆分为前摇杆（1-4）和后摇杆（1-3），所述的左右侧的后摇杆分别与一个顶升液压缸（1-6）相连，该顶升液压缸分别与左侧梁和右侧梁转动连接，所述的平移架的后部设有可连接插秧机和农药喷洒机的连接机构。该农用车架具有结构简单、使用方便，驱动系统重量轻、布局方便、故障率低、维护成本低的特点。

Description

全液压驱动二维平移升降式农用车架 技术领域
本发明涉及一种本发明涉及一种农用机械， 尤其是涉及一种多功能农用机 械。 背景技术
随着农业现代化进一步深入， 农业生产的各阶段、 各项目， 这种现状在降 低劳动强度的同时， 也加大了农业生产的前期资金投入， 而且库房需求也加大， 维修成本也会大幅度的提高， 因此， 需要进一步在同一个机械上集成多各功能。 插秧机是农用机构中的最常用的机构之一， 而田间护理机 （主要指的是施肥机、 农药喷洒机） 也得到了广泛的应用。 如公开号为 CN101611668 的中国专利公开 了一种施肥机， 公开号为 CN102450131 的中国专利公开了一种农用施肥机。 现 有的插秧机和田间护理机是两个独立的设备， 成本较高。 由于插秧工作的特点 决定了其机架较底， 而田间护理机一般是在作物长到较高后才使用， 因此其机 架需要较高， 机架上的结构尽量不能与作物相干涉。 因此， 现有的插秧机和田 间护理机不可能在一个设备上实现。 现有的车辆上也有一些对车架进行升降的 技术手段， 有一种方案是直接调整轮胎与车架的间距， 但这种调整是以车辆的 稳定性为代价的。 另外， 现有的插秧机无一例外的使用机械传动， 这种传动方 式以其传动的准确性， 以及成熟的技术获得好评。 但是， 其复杂的传动机构制 约了插秧机向多功能化发展， 也提升了它的维护成本。 发明内容
本发明主要是解决现有技术所存在的多种农用机械的功能单一， 特别是插 秧机和田间护理机相互独立， 成本较高， 而现有的插秧机的机架较底， 而田间 护理机的机架高度较高， 两者不能相互融合， 传动机构复杂， 布局麻烦， 制约 了它向多功能化发展， 同时具有故障率高， 维护成本高的技术问题， 提供一种 可以分别用于插秧机和田间护理机， 且结构简单、 使用方便， 驱动系统重量轻、 布局方便、 故障率低、 维护成本低的全液压驱动二维平移升降式农用车架。
本发明的上述技术问题主要是通过下述技术方案得以解决的： 一种全液压 驱动二维平移升降式农用车架， 其特征在于它有底架、 平移架以及液压驱动系 统构成， 所述的底架由左侧梁和右侧梁构成， 所述的平移架为框式结构， 所述 的左侧梁和右侧梁分别通过两个摇杆与所述的平移架相连， 摇杆与左、 右侧梁 之间以及与平移架之间均为转动连接， 所述的摇杆分为前摇杆和后摇杆， 所述 的左右侧的后摇杆分别与一个顶升液压缸相连， 该顶升液压缸分别与左侧梁和 右侧梁转动连接， 所述的平移架的后部设有可连接插秧机和农药喷洒机的连接 机构， 底架的下侧连接有车轮， 所述的液压驱动系统包括前轮驱动油路、 后轮 驱动油路、 插植油路以及顶升油路， 所述的前轮驱动油路与两个前轮驱动马达 相连， 两个前轮驱动马达之间设有一个同步阀， 所述的后轮驱动油路与两个后 轮驱动马达相连， 两个后轮驱动马达之间也设有同步阀， 所述的插植油路与一 个插植马达相连，所述的顶升油路与所述的顶升液压缸相连。 当本发明连接插秧 机构， 进行插秧工作时， 平移架处于最低位； 当本车架连接田间护理机构， 进 行施肥等操作时， 由于这种操作一般都在作物生长到一定阶段进行， 处于此时 的作物高度较高， 插秧时的车架高度已经不能满足要求。 就需要平移架升高。 由于本技术方案的底架只有左右侧梁， 没有横梁， 在使用时， 左右侧梁处于作 物的间隙中， 不与作物相干涉， 因此， 平移架的高度决定了该车架的有效高度。 本发明的平移架、 底架以及摇杆构成类平行四边行， 平移架在上升的同时也向 后运动， 这就解决了如下问题： 由于插秧机的重量比较大， 而农药喷洒机的重 量较小， 这就使得当换上农药喷洒机后， 车后部的重量较小， 车体前后不平衡。 但由于本发明的平移架的工作特点， 在平移架上升并同时向后移动的过程中， 车架的重心后移， 使得在将较重的插秧机换成较轻的农药喷洒机后， 车体的前 后仍然平衡。 本发明通过两个前轮驱动马达和两个后轮驱动马达各自独立驱动 车轮， 形成四驱结构， 这种驱动方式非常灵活且动力强大， 有利于其适应各种 作业条件。 两前轮驱动马达之间以及两后轮驱动马达之间设有的同步阀保证了 在前进或者倒退过程中， 左右侧车轮之间的同步性。 同时， 由于在插秧机在转 向过程中， 左右车轮之间对油路系统的反作用力不同， 正好通过同步阀的平衡 作用， 使得其实现转弯时的内侧轮转速慢于外侧轮， 达到流畅、 灵活的转弯效 果。
作为优选， 所述的后摇杆由上杆、 下杆以及上、 下杆之间的过渡部构成， 所述的上杆相对于下杆向内倾斜 7-20度， 所述的过渡部与所述的驱动臂转动连 接。 在平移架上升到最上端位置时， 下杆竖直， 而上杆向内倾斜 7-20度。 这种 结构是为了防止在平移架在移到上端位置时， 如果上、 下杆同轴竖直的话， 则 容易出现平移架继续向后平移、 下落的问题， 造成机械损坏， 人员受伤的问题。 而本发明在平移架到达最上端时， 在其本身的重力作用下可以受到向内侧的作 用分力。 因此， 可以防止上述问题的发生。
作为优选， 所述的液压驱动系统包括插植部提升油路， 插植部提升油路上 设有一个提升泵， 该插植部提升油路与提升油缸相连。 插植部需要根据作业情 况调整高度， 且在作业地块之间转移时需要将插植部完全提高， 本系统通过一 个油泵， 即提升泵驱动提升油缸完成。
作为优选， 所述的液压驱动系统包括转向油路， 转向油路与转向液压缸相 连， 所述的顶升油路上设有一个 M型三位四通换向阀， 该三位四通换向阀的出 油口与转向油路的进油端相连。 插秧机的转向机构可以通过机械机构完成， 也 可以通过本技术方案的转向油路完成。 顶升油路通过顶升油路的回油驱动转向， 当 M型三位四通阀处于中位时， 顶升液压缸的两个工作油口均封闭， 而顶升油 路的进油口和回油口相连通， 顶升泵直接驱动转向液压缸工作。 由于车架的升 降是极少使用的功能， 本技术方案使得顶升液压缸长时间处于封闭状态， 而转 向油路一般与项升泵直接驱动。
作为优选， 所述的插植马达的进油端与回油端之间分别并联有溢流阀、 节 流阀， 以及二位二通阀。 溢流阀对插植马达具有保护作用， 节流阀可以分流插 植马达的油量， 使其可以对插植速度进行控制， 当设定的一个节流阀的开度以 后， 由于插植油路与前、 后轮驱动油路的关系， 无论插秧机的前进速度如何， 其插秧的苗距是固定的。 也就是说， 苗距的控制通过调节节流阀的开度来完成。 使得其操作非常方便。 二位二通阀处于闭合阀位时， 插植马达工作， 当二位二 通阀处于接通阀位时， 液压油路放空， 插植马达不工作。
作为优选， 所述的前轮驱动油路包括一个前驱泵和一个 H型三位四通换向 阀， 该三位四通换向阀的进油口与前驱泵相连， 回油口与所述的插植油路的进 油端相连， 工作油口分别与两个前轮驱动马达相连； 所述的后轮驱动油路包括 一个后驱泵和一个 H型三位四通换向阀， 该三位四通换向阀的进油口与后驱泵 相连， 回油口与所述的插植油路的进油端相连， 工作油口分别与两个后轮驱动 马达相连。 无论上述三位四通换向阀处于正向油路还是反向油路， 其回油均通 过插植油路， 利用前、 后轮驱动油路的回油， 驱动插植机构工作， 当该三位四 通换向阀处于中位时， 由于该三位四通换向阀为 H型， 此时， 前、 后轮的进油 和回油油路直接接通， 前、 后轮驱动马达停止工作， 此时， 该液压油路可以驱 动插植机构工作。 本发明利用前后轮驱动油路的回油驱动插植机构， 一方面简 化了插植机构的工作油路， 另一方面， 这种方式实现了插植机构与车轮行走的 联动， 并保证了它们之间的比例关系。 在不同的路面上行走时， 还可以通过调 整前轮驱动油路或后轮驱动油路上的三位四通换向阀切换切轮驱动或后轮驱 动。
作为优选， 所述左、 右侧梁的前后两端分别设有一个定位块， 定位块上设 有定位螺孔， 所述的各摇杆上设有与所述的定位螺孔相对应的定位通孔。 在平 移架达到上端位置时， 定位块上的定位螺孔正好与相应的下杆上的相应定位通 孔相对， 此时用螺杆穿过定位通孔固定在定位螺孔上， 使得摇杆以及平移架得 到固定。
作为优选， 设于底架前部的两个车轮为转向轮， 该转向轮的轮轴通过一个 转轴与设于底架上的车轮架转动连接， 转轴上设有摆臂， 所述的底架上设有两 个与之转动连接的所述转向液压缸， 该转向液压缸与所述的摆臂一一对应设置， 并通过活塞杆与摆臂转动连接。 本发明的转向由特有的转向系统完成， 它通过 液压缸的伸缩调整转向轮， 这种方法该变了以往通过转向器和连杆拉动转向轮 调整方向的方法， 主要是因为传统的转向方法转用到升降式的车架上， 其结构 很难调整， 且调整之后， 结构较我复杂， 稳定性也相对较差， 为了解决这个问 题， 本发明提供了上述的转向系统， 该转向系统具结构简单、 控制方便、 可靠 性、 操作灵活等特点。
本发明的带来的有益效果是， 解决了现有技术所存在的多种农用机械的功 能单一， 特别是插秧机和田间护理机相互独立， 成本较高， 而现有的插秧机的 机架较底， 而田间护理机的机架高度较高， 两者不能相互融合的技术问题等的 技术问题， 实现了一种可以分别用于插秧机和田间护理机， 且结构简单、 使用 方便， 驱动系统重量轻、 布局方便、 故障率低、 维护成本低的全液压驱动二维 平移升降式农用车架。 附图说明
附图 1是本发明在平移架上升状态的一种主视图;
附图 2是本发明在平移架上升状态的一种左视图;
附图 3是本发明的平移架降低状态的结构示意图;
附图 4是本发明的液压驱动系统的工作原理图。 具体实施方式
下面通过实施例， 并结合附图， 对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。 实施例：如图 1-4所示，本发明是一种全液压驱动二维平移升降式农用车架， 它有底架和平移架 1构成， 所述的底架 1-2由左侧梁 1-21和右侧梁 1-22构成， 所述的平移架 1-1为框式结构， 所述的左侧梁 1-21和右侧梁 1-22分别通过两 个摇杆与所述的平移架相连， 摇杆与左、 右侧梁之间以及与平移架之间均为转 动连接， 所述的摇杆分为前摇杆 1-4和后摇杆 1-3， 后摇杆 1-3由上杆 1-31、 下杆 1-32以及上、 下杆之间的过渡部 1-33构成， 所述的上杆 1-31相对于下杆 1-32向内倾斜 7-20度， 每个后摇杆 1-3的过渡部 1-33分别与一个顶升液压缸 1-6的活塞杆转动连接， 顶升液压缸 1-6的缸体部分分别与左侧梁 1-21和右侧 梁 1-22转动连接。左、右侧梁的前后两端分别设有一个定位块 1-5， 定位块 1-5 上设有定位螺孔 1-51，所述的各摇杆上设有与所述的定位螺孔 1-51相对应的定 位通孔 1-52。 所述的平移架 1-1的后部设有可连接插秧机和农药喷洒机的连接 机构， 底架的下侧连接有车轮， 设于底架前部的前车轮为转向轮 1-7， 该转向轮 1-7的轮轴通过一个转轴与设于底架上的车轮架 1-8转动连接，转轴上设有摆臂 1-10， 所述的底架 1-2上设有两个与之转动连接的转向液压缸 1-9， 该转向液压 缸 1-9与所述的摆臂 1-10—一对应设置， 并通过活塞杆与摆臂转动连接。
本发明的驱动系统为液压驱动系统， 包括油箱 2-15、 油泵、 若干电磁阀和 若干马达， 其包括前轮驱动油路、 后轮驱动油路、 插植油路、 插植部提升油路、 顶升油路以及转向油路， 所述的前轮驱动油路与两个前轮驱动马达 2-1 相连， 两个前轮驱动马达 2-1之间设有一个同步阀 2-3，所述的后轮驱动油路与两个后 轮驱动马达 2-2相连， 两个后轮驱动马达 2-2之间也设有同步阀 2-3， 所述的插 植油路与一个插植马达 2-8相连。 插植马达的进油端与回油端之间分别并联有 溢流阀 2-7、 节流阀 2-6， 以及二位二通阀 2-5。 前轮驱动油路包括一个前驱泵 2-10和一个 H型三位四通换向阀 2-4， 该三位四通换向阀 2-4的进油口与前驱 泵 2-1 相连， 回油口与所述的插植油路的进油端相连， 工作油口分别与两个前 轮驱动马达 2-1相连； 所述的后轮驱动油路包括一个后驱泵 2-1 1和一个 H型三 位四通换向阀 2-4， 该三位四通换向阀 2-4的进油口与后驱泵 2-11相连， 回油 口与所述的插植油路的进油端相连， 工作油口分别与两个后轮驱动马达 2-2相 连;插植部提升油路上设有一个提升泵 2-12，该插植部提升油路与提升油缸 2-14 相连； 所述的顶升油路与所述的顶升液压缸 2-21相连， 转向油路与转向液压缸 相连， 所述的顶升油路上设有一个 M型三位四通换向阀 2-22， 该三位四通换向 阀 2-22的出油口与转向油路的进油端相连， 该转向油路与一个转向液压缸 2-9 相连。 各前轮驱动马达 2-1和后轮驱动马达 2-2均设有一个高低速档的调节开 关 2-17， 该调节开关 2-17与一个液压缸 2-18相连， 该液压缸 2_18与一个液压 驱动的高低压切换阀 2-19相连， 该高低压切换阀 2-19驱动端口与一个油控切 换阀 2-16相连， 该油控切换阀 2-16的两个进油端一个与提升油路的进油端相 连， 另一个与转向油路、 前轮驱动油路、 后轮驱动油路以及插植油路的出油端 相连。 前驱泵 2-10、 后驱泵 2-11、 提升泵 2-12以及转向泵 2-13组合成一个四 连泵， 其中前驱泵和后驱泵设有一个联动调节开关 2-20。
本发明在使用时， 其平移架、 底架以及摇杆构成平行四边行， 平移架在上 升的同时也向后运动， 这就解决了如下问题： 由于插秧机的重量比较大， 而农 药喷洒机的重量较小， 这就使得当换上农药喷洒机后， 车后部的重量较小， 车 体前后不平衡。 但由于本发明的平移架的工作特点， 在平移架上升并同时向后 移动的过程中， 车架的重心后移， 使得在将较重的插秧机换成较轻的农药喷洒 机后， 车体的前后仍然平衡。 在平移架上升到最上端位置时， 下杆竖直， 而上 杆向内倾斜 7-20度。这种结构是为了防止在平移架在移到上端位置时，如果上、 下杆同轴竖直的话， 则容易出现平移架继续向后平移、 下落的问题， 造成机械 损坏， 人员受伤的问题。 而本发明在平移架到达最上端时， 在其本身的重力作 用下可以受到向内侧的作用分力。 因此， 可以防止上述问题的发生。 本发明的液压驱动系统通过两个前轮驱动马达和两个后轮驱动马达各自独 立驱动车轮， 形成四驱结构， 两前轮驱动马达之间以及两后轮驱动马达之间设 有的同步阀保证了在前进或者倒退过程中， 左右侧车轮之间的同步性。 同时， 由于在插秧机在转向过程中， 左右车轮之间对油路系统的反作用力不同， 正好 通过同步阀的平衡作用， 使得其实现转弯时的内侧轮转速慢于外侧轮， 达到流 畅、 灵活的转弯效果， 前后轮驱动油路的回油均通过插植油路， 利用前、 后轮 驱动油路的回油， 驱动插植机构工作， 当该三位四通换向阀处于中位时， 前、 后轮的进油和回油油路直接接通， 前、 后轮驱动马达停止工作， 此时， 该液压 油路可以驱动插植机构工作。 本发明利用前后轮驱动油路的回油驱动插植机构， 一方面简化了插植机构的工作油路， 另一方面， 这种方式实现了插植机构与车 轮行走的联动， 并保证了它们之间的比例关系。 在不同的路面上行走时， 还可 以通过调整前轮驱动油路或后轮驱动油路上的三位四通换向阀切换切轮驱动或 后轮驱动。 高速档是插秧机不作业， 在路面上行走的档位， 低速档是插秧机在 作业时的档位。 当高低压切换阀驱动端口通过油控切换阀与提升油路的进油端 相连时， 即可驱动高低压切换阀动作， 进而驱动上述液压缸动作， 使其带动高 低速档调节开关动作， 使得前、 后轮驱动马达进入高速转动， 反之， 当高低压 切换阀驱动端口通过油控切换阀与转向油路、 前轮驱动油路、 后轮驱动油路以 及插植油路的出油端相连时， 前、 后轮驱动马达进入低速转动。 本发明的顶升 油路是机构升降的驱动机构， 其有利于实现插秧机的多功能化， 如作为田间护 理机使用， 当其作为田间护理机使用时， 通过顶升机构提高车架的高度， 以使 车架不损伤已经成长到一定高度的作物， 然后将插秧机的插植机构换成田间护 理设备 （如施肥机）。
所以本发明可以分别用于插秧机和田间护理机， 且结构简单、 使用方便， 驱动系统重量轻、 布局方便、 故障率低、 维护成本低等特征。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种全液压驱动二维平移升降式农用车架， 其特征在于它有底架、 平移 架以及液压驱动系统构成， 所述的底架由左侧梁和右侧梁构成， 所述的 平移架为框式结构， 所述的左侧梁和右侧梁分别通过两个摇杆与所述的 平移架相连， 摇杆与左、 右侧梁之间以及与平移架之间均为转动连接， 所述的摇杆分为前摇杆和后摇杆， 所述的左右侧的后摇杆分别与一个顶 升液压缸相连， 该顶升液压缸分别与左侧梁和右侧梁转动连接， 所述的 平移架的后部设有可连接插秧机和农药喷洒机的连接机构， 底架的下侧 连接有车轮， 所述的液压驱动系统包括前轮驱动油路、 后轮驱动油路、 插植油路以及顶升油路， 所述的前轮驱动油路与两个前轮驱动马达相连， 两个前轮驱动马达之间设有一个同步阀， 所述的后轮驱动油路与两个后 轮驱动马达相连， 两个后轮驱动马达之间也设有同步阀， 所述的插植油 路与一个插植马达相连，所述的顶升油路与所述的顶升液压缸相连。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的全液压驱动二维平移升降式农用车架， 其特征在 于所述的后摇杆由上杆、 下杆以及上、 下杆之间的过渡部构成， 所述的 上杆相对于下杆向内倾斜 7-20度， 所述的过渡部与所述的驱动臂转动连 接。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的全液压驱动二维平移升降式农用车架， 其特征在 于所述的液压驱动系统包括插植部提升油路， 插植部提升油路上设有一 个提升泵， 该插植部提升油路与提升油缸相连。
4. 根据权利要 3所述的全液压驱动二维平移升降式农用车架， 其特征在于 它包括转向油路， 转向油路与转向液压缸相连， 所述的顶升油路上设有 一个 M型三位四通换向阀， 该三位四通换向阀的出油口与转向油路的进 油端相连。
5. 根据权利要求 3所述的全液压驱动二维平移升降式农用车架， 其特征在 于所述的插植马达的进油端与回油端之间分别并联有溢流阀、 节流阀， 以及二位二通阀。
6. 根据权利要求 4所述的全液压驱动二维平移升降式农用车架， 其特征在 于所述的前轮驱动油路包括一个前驱泵和一个 H型三位四通换向阀， 该 三位四通换向阀的进油口与前驱泵相连， 回油口与所述的插植油路的进 油端相连， 工作油口分别与两个前轮驱动马达相连； 所述的后轮驱动油 路包括一个后驱泵和一个 H型三位四通换向阀， 该三位四通换向阀的进 油口与后驱泵相连， 回油口与所述的插植油路的进油端相连， 工作油口 分别与两个后轮驱动马达相连。
7. 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3或 4或 5或 6所述的全液压驱动二维平移升降 式农用车架， 其特征在于所述左、 右侧梁的前后两端分别设有一个定位 块， 定位块上设有定位螺孔， 所述的各摇杆上设有与所述的定位螺孔相 对应的定位通孔。
8. 根据权利要求 1 所述的全液压驱动二维平移升降式农用车架， 其特征在 于设于底架前部前轮为转向轮， 该转向轮的轮轴通过一个转轴与设于底 架上的车轮架转动连接， 转轴上设有摆臂， 所述的底架上设有两个与之 转动连接的所述转向液压缸， 该转向液压缸与所述的摆臂一一对应设置， 并通过活塞杆与摆臂转动连接。
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