WO2014087916A1 - 冷凍機用作動流体組成物 - Google Patents
冷凍機用作動流体組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014087916A1 WO2014087916A1 PCT/JP2013/082042 JP2013082042W WO2014087916A1 WO 2014087916 A1 WO2014087916 A1 WO 2014087916A1 JP 2013082042 W JP2013082042 W JP 2013082042W WO 2014087916 A1 WO2014087916 A1 WO 2014087916A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/02—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/42—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
- C10M2207/301—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
- C10M2207/302—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids derived from the combination of monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
- C10M2207/3025—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids derived from the combination of monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
- C10M2207/304—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids derived from the combination of monohydroxy compounds, dihydroxy compounds and dicarboxylic acids only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
- C10M2207/3045—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids derived from the combination of monohydroxy compounds, dihydroxy compounds and dicarboxylic acids only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/071—Branched chain compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
- C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a working fluid composition for a refrigerator.
- the “refrigerator” in the present invention includes an automobile air conditioner, a dehumidifier, a refrigerator, a refrigerator / freezer warehouse, a vending machine, a showcase, a cooling device in a chemical plant, a residential air conditioner, a packaged air conditioner, a hot water supply. Heat pumps and the like are included.
- R134a 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
- HFC hydrofluorocarbon
- R410A which is a mixed refrigerant whose mass ratio of methane (R32) and pentafluoroethane (R125) is 1/1
- ODP ozone depletion potential
- GWP global warming potential
- R32 difluoromethane alone has been studied as a candidate due to its thermodynamic characteristics. Although the GWP of R32 is slightly higher as 675, it is being considered as a promising candidate because it has a high gas pressure and is a highly efficient refrigerant.
- R32 or a mixed refrigerant containing R32, such as a refrigerant that increases in pressure
- the discharge temperature at the compressor becomes high, so the oil film of refrigeration oil for lubricating the inside of the compressor becomes thin, and severe lubrication conditions occur.
- Refrigerating machine oil with good lubricity is required.
- Patent Document 1 as a refrigerating machine oil for R32 refrigerant, an ester synthesized from trimethylolpropane and / or neopentyl glycol, a specific dibasic acid, and a monohydric alcohol or a monohydric fatty acid is used.
- mixed refrigerants containing 50% or more of one or R32 20-60% by mass of monobasic fatty acids whose carbon number is 5 or less is used, and branched fatty acids are used for fatty acids having a carbon number greater than 8, at 40 ° C.
- Ester refrigerating machine oils having a viscosity of 32 to 100 cst have been proposed.
- Patent Document 3 includes an alcohol component containing 90% by mass or more of trimethylolpropane, a monovalent fatty acid having 8 to 12 carbon atoms and adipic acid, and caprylic acid and And / or a lubricating oil group comprising a synthetic ester obtained by reacting a monovalent fatty acid having 8 to 12 carbon atoms containing 90% by mass or more of capric acid and a carboxylic acid component containing 90% by mass or more of adipic acid. Oil has been proposed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and can maintain a thick oil film even under severe lubrication conditions that occur when refrigerant coexists and dissolves in refrigeration oil, has a large wear resistance effect, and is excellent in long-term reliability. It is an object to provide a working fluid composition for a refrigerator.
- the inventors of the present invention have prepared a complex ester synthesized from a specific polyhydric alcohol, polybasic acid, monohydric alcohol or monohydric fatty acid, and an ester containing a polyol ester synthesized from the specific polyhydric alcohol and monohydric fatty acid.
- Refrigeration oil with a base oil, and difluoromethane as a refrigerant a working fluid for refrigeration and air conditioning that has a high refrigerant dissolution viscosity under specific conditions, found that it forms a thick oil film and exhibits high wear resistance, The present invention has been completed.
- the present invention provides a working fluid composition for a refrigerator as described in [1] to [6] below.
- B at least one polyhydric alcohol selected from neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol, and the number of carbon atoms
- a base ester is a mixed ester obtained by mixing a polyol ester synthesized from 4 to 18 monovalent fatty acid at a mass ratio of (A) complex ester / (B) polyol ester of 5/95 to 95/5.
- the polyol ester (B) is an ester synthesized from pentaerythritol and a mixed acid of a branched fatty acid having 4 carbon atoms and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid. [1] to [5] The working fluid composition for refrigerators as described in any one of these.
- the working fluid composition for a refrigerator according to the present invention has high wear resistance and good stability even under severe lubrication conditions in which difluoromethane refrigerant dissolves and the viscosity of the refrigerator oil decreases. Demonstrate the special effect that it can be used.
- a working fluid composition for a refrigerator includes (A) at least one polyhydric alcohol selected from neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol, and a polybasic acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Refrigerating machine oil containing a mixed ester mixed in 5 as a base oil, and a refrigerant Contains a difluoromethane, a temperature of 80 ° C., it is those refrigerant solution viscosity is more than 5.5 mm 2 / s at an absolute pressure 2.1 MPa.
- the above complex ester has a characteristic that the oil film can be kept thick although the refrigerant is less soluble than the conventional refrigeration oil and is therefore less compatible with the refrigerant. Moreover, said polyol ester has favorable compatibility with a refrigerant
- the complex ester has a high molecular weight, so it becomes an ester with high viscosity, so it is not compatible with the refrigerant, and as a base oil for refrigerating machine oil that must be compatible with the refrigerant from the point of oil return to the compressor. It is not suitable for use alone.
- One of the features of this embodiment is that the properties can be balanced by mixing the complex ester with an oil having good compatibility with the refrigerant, such as the above polyol ester.
- a preferable kinematic viscosity of the complex ester is 20 to 500 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C., a more preferable kinematic viscosity is 40 to 400 mm 2 / s, and a further preferable kinematic viscosity is 50 to 200 mm 2 / s, which is particularly preferable.
- the kinematic viscosity is 50 to 90 mm 2 / s.
- the viscosity index is preferably 100 or more, particularly 110 to 160.
- A a method of adjusting the molar ratio of a polyhydric alcohol and a polybasic acid to form an ester intermediate in which the carboxyl group of the polybasic acid remains, and esterifying the carboxyl group with a monohydric alcohol
- B A method in which the molar ratio of the polyhydric alcohol and the polybasic acid is adjusted to form an ester intermediate in which the hydroxyl group of the polyhydric alcohol remains, and the hydroxyl group is esterified with a monovalent fatty acid.
- the complex ester obtained by the method (B) is slightly inferior in stability to the complex ester obtained by the method (A) because a relatively strong acid is produced when hydrolyzed during use as a refrigerating machine oil. It will be.
- a complex ester obtained by the method (A) having higher stability is preferable.
- the polyhydric alcohol constituting the complex ester is preferably neopentyl glycol or trimethylolpropane in order to obtain a viscosity suitable as a base oil.
- neopentyl glycol compared with neopentyl glycol and trimethylol propane, the viscosity of the resulting complex ester tends to be high and the low-temperature characteristics tend to be inferior.
- neopentyl glycol which can adjust viscosity widely is more preferable.
- the polyhydric alcohol constituting the complex ester further contains a dihydric alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms other than neopentyl glycol in addition to at least one selected from neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol. Then, the lubricity can be improved, which is preferable.
- dihydric alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms other than neopentyl glycol examples include ethylene glycol, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-methyl-1, 5-pentanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-pentanediol, and the like, butanediol having a well-balanced characteristic of the synthesized base oil is preferable, butanediol is preferably 1,2-butanediol, 1,3 -Butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, etc., but 1,3-butanediol and 1,4-butanediol are more preferable from the viewpoint of characteristics.
- the dihydric alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms other than neopentyl glycol is 1.2 mol or less, particularly 0.8 mol per mol of polyhydric alcohol selected from neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol. It is preferably not more than mol, more preferably not more than 0.4 mol.
- the polybasic acid constituting the complex ester is a polybasic acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- polybasic acids include adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, trimellitic acid, and the like. Sebacic acid is preferred, and adipic acid is more preferred.
- the polybasic acid is used in an amount of 0.4 to 4 mol, particularly 0.5 to 3 mol, more preferably 0.6 to 1 mol of polyhydric alcohol selected from neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol. Mole to 2.5 mol is preferred.
- the carboxyl group is esterified with a monohydric alcohol having 4 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the monohydric alcohol having 4 to 18 carbon atoms include linear or branched butanol, linear or branched pentanol, linear or branched hexanol, linear or branched heptanol, linear or branched octanol, linear Or aliphatic alcohols, such as branched nonanol, linear or branched decanol, linear or branched dodecanol, and oleyl alcohol.
- it is preferably a monohydric alcohol having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
- 2-ethylhexanol and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol are excellent in the synthesized complex ester. It is preferable from the viewpoint of low temperature characteristics.
- the hydroxyl group is esterified with a monovalent fatty acid having 4 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the monovalent fatty acid having 4 to 18 carbon atoms include linear or branched butanoic acid, linear or branched pentanoic acid, linear or branched hexanoic acid, linear or branched heptanoic acid, linear or branched octane Examples thereof include acid, linear or branched nonanoic acid, linear or branched decanoic acid, linear or branched dodecanoic acid, and oleic acid.
- the polyol ester in this embodiment is synthesized from at least one polyhydric alcohol selected from neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, and a monovalent fatty acid having 4 to 18 carbon atoms. Polyol ester.
- polyhydric alcohol constituting the polyol ester trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol are preferable, and pentaerythritol is more preferable from the viewpoint of balance of characteristics.
- Examples of the monovalent fatty acid having 4 to 18 carbon atoms constituting the polyol ester include linear or branched butanoic acid, linear or branched pentanoic acid, linear or branched hexanoic acid, linear or branched heptanoic acid, direct Examples include chain or branched octanoic acid, linear or branched nonanoic acid, linear or branched decanoic acid, linear or branched dodecanoic acid, and oleic acid.
- monovalent fatty acids having 4 to 9 carbon atoms are preferable, and in particular, branched butanoic acid, branched pentanoic acid, branched hexanoic acid, branched heptanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 3,5 More preferred is 5-trimethylhexanoic acid.
- the polyhydric alcohol is pentaerythritol
- the monovalent fatty acid is a polyol ester synthesized from a mixed acid of branched fatty acids having 4 to 9 carbon atoms.
- (A) / (B) is mass.
- the ratio is 5/95 to 95/5, and 20/80 to 80/20 is preferable, and 30/70 to 70/30 is more preferable in order to make better use of the characteristics of each ester.
- the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the refrigerating machine oil in the present embodiment is preferably 3 to 500 mm 2 / s, more preferably 8 to 150 mm 2 / s, and still more preferably 20 to 100 mm 2 / s.
- the viscosity index of the refrigerating machine oil is preferably 50 or more, particularly preferably 80 to 120.
- the pour point of the refrigerating machine oil in this embodiment is preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or lower.
- the acid value of the refrigerating machine oil in the present embodiment is preferably 0.1 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably, in order to prevent corrosion of the metal used in the refrigerating machine or piping and to suppress deterioration of the refrigerating machine oil itself. May be 0.05 mgKOH / g or less.
- the acid value in this invention means the acid value measured based on JISK2501 "acid value test method".
- the flash point of the refrigerating machine oil in the present embodiment is preferably 120 ° C. or higher, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher.
- the moisture content of the refrigerating machine oil in the present embodiment is preferably 200 ppm or less, more preferably 100 ppm or less, and most preferably 50 ppm or less.
- the moisture content is required to be low from the viewpoint of stability of the refrigerator oil and electrical insulation.
- the refrigerating machine oil in the present embodiment may further contain other base oils such as a mineral base oil and a synthetic base oil in addition to the complex ester and the polyol ester.
- the total content of the complex ester and the polyol ester is preferably 80% by mass or more, particularly 95% by mass or more of the refrigerating machine oil.
- difluoromethane is contained as a refrigerant, and the content of difluoromethane in the refrigerant is preferably 60 to 100% by mass, particularly preferably 80 to 100% by mass.
- the blending ratio of the refrigerating machine oil composition and the refrigerant in the working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but the refrigerating machine oil composition is preferably 1 to 500 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the refrigerant. The amount is preferably 2 to 400 parts by mass.
- the refrigerant viscosity at a temperature of 80 ° C. and an absolute pressure of 2.1 MPa of the working fluid composition for a refrigerator according to the present embodiment is 5.5 mm 2 / s or more, preferably 6.0 mm 2 / s or more.
- coolant melt viscosity in the temperature of 80 degreeC and the absolute pressure of 2.1 MPa of the working fluid composition for refrigerators which concerns on this embodiment can be 10.0 mm ⁇ 2 > / s or less.
- the working fluid composition according to the present embodiment can contain various additives in order to further improve the wear resistance.
- Suitable additives include phosphate esters, and particularly preferred compounds are triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and tricresyl phosphate (TCP).
- a suitable sulfur-based additive there are sulfides, and there are various sulfide compounds, but monosulfide compounds are preferable.
- a highly active sulfur compound such as a disulfide compound deteriorates the stability of refrigerating machine oil and alters the copper used in the refrigeration equipment.
- the working fluid composition for a refrigerator according to the present embodiment includes, in addition to the above-described additives, an antioxidant and a friction modifier that have been conventionally used in lubricating oils as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- Additives such as antiwear agents, extreme pressure agents, rust preventive agents, metal deactivators, and antifoaming agents can be included to further improve performance.
- a phenolic compound such as butyl-p-cresol, an amine compound such as alkyldiphenylamine, and the like can be contained.
- the phenolic compound antioxidant is preferably contained in an amount of 0.02 to 0.5% by mass based on the total amount of refrigerating machine oil.
- friction modifiers include aliphatic amines, aliphatic amides, aliphatic imides, alcohols, esters, phosphate ester amine salts, phosphite ester amine salts, and antiwear agents such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
- antiwear agents such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
- sulfurized olefins, sulfurized oils and fats, alkenyl succinic acid esters or partial esters as rust inhibitors, benzotriazole and benzotriazole derivatives as metal deactivators, silicone compounds and polyester compounds as antifoaming agents Can be mentioned.
- (B-4) An ester of pentaerythritol and a mixed acid of 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid in a molar ratio of 45:55 (kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 70.1 mm 2 / s, Viscosity index 90).
- (B-5) Esters of pentaerythritol, normal pentanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid in a mixed acid of 80:20 in molar ratio (kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. 23.4 mm 2 / s, viscosity index 118).
- esters of pentaerythritol, normal pentanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid in a 40:60 molar ratio (kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. 51.0 mm 2 / s, viscosity index 105).
- the synthesis reaction of the esters [A] and [B] was carried out without using a catalyst and a solvent, and a trace amount of impurities was removed by adsorption treatment (white clay treatment) in the final step.
- the kinematic viscosity and the viscosity index were measured and calculated according to JIS K2283.
- Refrigerating machine oil was prepared by blending 0.1% by mass of butyl-p-cresol (DBPC) in each case.
- melt viscosity measurement and the lubricity test were performed as follows.
- the working fluid compositions of Examples 1 to 12 have a high refrigerant dissolution viscosity and good wear resistance.
- the working fluid composition for a refrigerator according to the present invention has a remarkable effect of greatly improving lubricity because of its high viscosity when dissolved in a difluoromethane refrigerant and excellent wear resistance even under severe lubrication conditions. Therefore, a refrigeration / air conditioning system with a high cooling efficiency that has a compressor, a condenser, a throttle device, an evaporator, etc., and circulates a refrigerant between them, especially a rotary type, a swing type, a scroll type compressor, etc.
- the present invention can be suitably used in a system including a room air conditioner, a packaged air conditioner, a refrigerator, a car air conditioner, and an industrial refrigerator.
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Abstract
Description
[1](A)ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールプロパン及びペンタエリスリトールから選ばれる少なくとも1種の多価アルコールと、炭素数6~12の多塩基酸と、炭素数4~18の一価アルコール又は炭素数が4~18の一価脂肪酸とから合成されるコンプレックスエステル、並びに、(B)ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール及びジペンタエリスリトールから選ばれる少なくとも1種の多価アルコールと、炭素数4~18の一価脂肪酸とから合成されるポリオールエステルを、前記(A)コンプレックスエステル/前記(B)ポリオールエステルの質量比5/95~95/5で混合した混合エステルを基油として含有する冷凍機油と、
冷媒としてジフルオロメタンと、を含有し、
温度80℃、絶対圧力2.1MPaにおける冷媒溶解粘度が5.5mm2/s以上である、冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
[2]前記(A)コンプレックスエステルを構成する前記多価アルコールがネオペンチルグリコール及び/又はトリメチロールプロパンである、[1]に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
[3]前記(A)コンプレックスエステルを構成する多塩基酸がアジピン酸及び/又はセバシン酸である、[1]又は[2]に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
[4]前記(A)コンプレックスエステルを構成する前記一価アルコールが炭素数8~10のアルコールである、[1]~[3]のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
[5]前記(B)ポリオールエステルが、ネオペンチルグリコール及び/又はペンタエリスリトールと、炭素数4~9の一価脂肪酸とから合成されるエステルである、[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
[6]前記(B)ポリオールエステルが、ペンタエリスリトールと、炭素数4の分岐脂肪酸及び3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸の混合酸とから合成されるエステルである、[1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
本実施形態に係る冷凍機用作動流体組成物の温度80℃、絶対圧力2.1MPaにおける冷媒溶解粘度は、5.5mm2/s以上であり、好ましくは6.0mm2/s以上である。また、本実施形態に係る冷凍機用作動流体組成物の温度80℃、絶対圧力2.1MPaにおける冷媒溶解粘度は、10.0mm2/s以下とすることができる。
実施例1~12および比較例1~5においては、まず、次に示す基材を用いて表1~3に示す組成を有する基油を調製した。
[A]コンプレックスエステル
(A-1)トリメチロールプロパン(1モル)にアジピン酸(2.4モル)を反応させたエステル中間体に、さらに2-エチルヘキサノール(2.0モル)を反応させ、残存した未反応物を蒸留で除去して得たエステル(40℃における動粘度68.8mm2/s、粘度指数120)。
(A-2)ネオペンチルグリコール(1モル)にアジピン酸(0.8モル)を反応させたエステル中間体に、さらに3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸(0.5モル)を反応させ、残存した未反応物を蒸留で除去して得たエステル(40℃における動粘度71.5mm2/s、粘度指数114)。
(A-3)トリメチロールプロパン(1モル)と1,3-ブタンジオール(0.2モル)にセバシン酸(2.4モル)を反応させたエステル中間体に、さらにノルマルヘプタノール(1.6モル)を反応させ、残存した未反応物を蒸留で除去して得たエステル(40℃における動粘度77.3mm2/s、粘度指数148)。
(A-4)ネオペンチルグリコール(1モル)と1,4-ブタンジオール(0.3モル)にアジピン酸(2.4モル)を反応させたエステル中間体に、さらに2-エチルヘキサノール(2.4モル)を反応させ、残存した未反応物を蒸留で除去して得たエステル(40℃における動粘度68.2mm2/s、粘度指数144)。
(A-5)ネオペンチルグリコール(1モル)と1,4-ブタンジオール(0.4モル)にアジピン酸(3.1モル)を反応させたエステル中間体に、さらに3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノール(3.5モル)を反応させ、残存した未反応物を蒸留で除去して得たエステル(40℃における動粘度32.2mm2/s、粘度指数161)。
(A-6)ネオペンチルグリコール(1モル)と1,4-ブタンジオール(0.3モル)にアジピン酸(2.4モル)を反応させたエステル中間体に、さらに3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノール(2.5モル)を反応させ、残存した未反応物を蒸留で除去して得たエステル(40℃における動粘度67.8mm2/s、粘度指数145)。
(A-7)ネオペンチルグリコール(1モル)と1,4-ブタンジオール(0.2モル)にアジピン酸(1.9モル)を反応させたエステル中間体に、さらに3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノール(1.0モル)を反応させ、残存した未反応物を蒸留で除去して得たエステル(40℃における動粘度150.0mm2/s、粘度指数138)。
[B]ポリオールエステル
(B-1)ネオペンチルグリコールと、2-エチルヘキサン酸のエステル(40℃における動粘度8.3mm2/s、粘度指数56)。
(B-2)ペンタエリスリトールと、2-メチルプロパン酸と3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸がモル比で35:65の混合酸とのエステル(40℃における動粘度69.4mm2/s、粘度指数95)。
(B-3)ペンタエリスリトールと、2-メチルプロパン酸と3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸がモル比で60:40の混合酸とのエステル(40℃における動粘度46.0mm2/s、粘度指数78)。
(B-4)ペンタエリスリトールと、2-エチルヘキサン酸と3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸がモル比で45:55の混合酸とのエステル(40℃における動粘度70.1mm2/s、粘度指数90)。
(B-5)ペンタエリスリトールと、ノルマルペンタン酸と3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸がモル比で80:20の混合酸とのエステル(40℃における動粘度23.4mm2/s、粘度指数118)。
(B-6)ペンタエリスリトールと、ノルマルペンタン酸と3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸がモル比で40:60の混合酸とのエステル(40℃における動粘度51.0mm2/s、粘度指数105)。
これらの基油のうち[A]、[B]のエステルの合成反応は触媒、溶剤を使用せずに行い、最終工程で吸着処理(白土処理)による微量の不純物除去を行った。なお、動粘度及び粘度指数はJIS K2283に準拠し測定、計算した。
振動式粘度計を入れた200mlの耐圧容器に冷凍機油100gを入れ、容器内を真空脱気した後、R32冷媒を入れて作動流体組成物を調製し、温度80℃、絶対圧力2.1MPaの条件に冷媒の圧力と耐圧容器の温度を調整して、粘度測定を行った。得られた結果を表1~3に示す。
潤滑性試験には実コンプレッサと類似の冷媒雰囲気にできる、神鋼造機(株)製の高圧雰囲気摩擦試験機(回転ベーン材と固定ディスク材との回転しゅう動方式)を用いた。試験条件は、油量:600ml、試験温度:110℃、回転数:500rpm、負荷荷重:80kgf、試験時間:1時間で、ベーン材としてはSKH-51、ディスク材としてはFC250を用いた。試験条件は、冷媒にR32を使用し、試験容器内圧力は3.1MPaとした。耐摩耗の評価は、ディスク材の摩耗量が極めて少ないことから、ベーン材の摩耗深さによって行った。得られた結果を表1~3に示す。
Claims (6)
- (A)ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールプロパン及びペンタエリスリトールから選ばれる少なくとも1種の多価アルコールと、炭素数6~12の多塩基酸と、炭素数4~18の一価アルコール又は炭素数が4~18の一価脂肪酸とから合成されるコンプレックスエステル、並びに、(B)ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール及びジペンタエリスリトールから選ばれる少なくとも1種の多価アルコールと、炭素数4~18の一価脂肪酸とから合成されるポリオールエステルを、前記(A)コンプレックスエステル/前記(B)ポリオールエステルの質量比5/95~95/5で混合した混合エステルを基油として含有する冷凍機油と、
冷媒としてジフルオロメタンと、を含有し、
温度80℃、絶対圧力2.1MPaにおける冷媒溶解粘度が5.5mm2/s以上である、冷凍機用作動流体組成物。 - 前記(A)コンプレックスエステルを構成する前記多価アルコールがネオペンチルグリコール及び/又はトリメチロールプロパンである、請求項1に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
- 前記(A)コンプレックスエステルを構成する多塩基酸がアジピン酸及び/又はセバシン酸である、請求項1又は2に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
- 前記(A)コンプレックスエステルを構成する前記一価アルコールが炭素数8~10のアルコールである、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
- 前記(B)ポリオールエステルが、ネオペンチルグリコール及び/又はペンタエリスリトールと、炭素数4~9の一価脂肪酸とから合成されるエステルである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
- 前記(B)ポリオールエステルが、ペンタエリスリトールと、炭素数4の分岐脂肪酸及び3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸の混合酸とから合成されるエステルである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
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- 2013-11-28 JP JP2014551062A patent/JP5980951B2/ja active Active
- 2013-11-28 US US14/649,366 patent/US9676983B2/en active Active
- 2013-11-28 WO PCT/JP2013/082042 patent/WO2014087916A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-11-28 EP EP13860534.0A patent/EP2930228B1/en active Active
- 2013-11-28 KR KR1020177013252A patent/KR101981462B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-11-28 SG SG11201504466UA patent/SG11201504466UA/en unknown
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JP2021501815A (ja) * | 2017-11-03 | 2021-01-21 | カウンスィル オブ サイエンティフィック アンド インダストリアル リサーチCouncil Of Scientific & Industrial Research | 環境に優しく生物分解性の潤滑剤配合物とその調製方法 |
WO2019194195A1 (ja) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-10-10 | Jxtgエネルギー株式会社 | 冷凍機、冷凍機油及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物 |
US11384271B2 (en) | 2018-04-02 | 2022-07-12 | Eneos Corporation | Refrigerator, refrigerator oil, working fluid composition for refrigerator |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2930228A1 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
TW201435080A (zh) | 2014-09-16 |
SG11201504466UA (en) | 2015-07-30 |
CN104837966B (zh) | 2017-11-21 |
CN104837966A (zh) | 2015-08-12 |
TWI506130B (zh) | 2015-11-01 |
KR20170058452A (ko) | 2017-05-26 |
BR112015011720A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
KR20150084860A (ko) | 2015-07-22 |
KR101981462B1 (ko) | 2019-05-23 |
JPWO2014087916A1 (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
US9676983B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
EP2930228B1 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
JP5980951B2 (ja) | 2016-08-31 |
US20150344760A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
EP2930228A4 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
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