WO2014067278A1 - 一种用于分离锂同位素的萃取剂及其应用 - Google Patents

一种用于分离锂同位素的萃取剂及其应用 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014067278A1
WO2014067278A1 PCT/CN2013/075340 CN2013075340W WO2014067278A1 WO 2014067278 A1 WO2014067278 A1 WO 2014067278A1 CN 2013075340 W CN2013075340 W CN 2013075340W WO 2014067278 A1 WO2014067278 A1 WO 2014067278A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
organic phase
extraction
lithium
fluorenyl
mol
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/075340
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李蓓莉
盛怀禹
胡金波
Original Assignee
中国科学院上海有机化学研究所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 filed Critical 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所
Priority to EP13852245.3A priority Critical patent/EP2915576B1/en
Priority to JP2015540018A priority patent/JP6209219B2/ja
Priority to US14/440,473 priority patent/US9926618B2/en
Publication of WO2014067278A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014067278A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/10Obtaining alkali metals
    • C22B26/12Obtaining lithium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D11/00Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/04Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
    • B01D11/0492Applications, solvents used
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D59/00Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element
    • B01D59/22Separation by extracting
    • B01D59/24Separation by extracting by solvent extraction
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D221/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
    • C07D221/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D221/04Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
    • C07D221/06Ring systems of three rings
    • C07D221/10Aza-phenanthrenes
    • C07D221/12Phenanthridines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F1/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F1/02Lithium compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/582Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of chemical industry.
  • the present invention relates to a benzoquinoline extractant for separating lithium isotopes and uses thereof. Background technique
  • Lithium (Li) exists in a variety of natural isotopes. Among them, 7 Li and 6 Li have the highest abundances of 92.48% and 7.52%, respectively. These two isotopes play an important role in the field of nuclear materials, but the nuclear reaction performance of the two is quite different.
  • 7 Li is an essential molten salt coolant, because the thermal neutron absorption cross section of 6 Li is very high (up to 941 barns), and 7 Li is only 0.033 barns, so the molten salt reactor The abundance requirement for 7 Li is >99.995%.
  • high purity 7 Li is often used to adjust the pH of the primary coolant in the pressurized water reactor; 7 Li is also used as a heat transfer heat carrier in the fusion reactor.
  • neutron irradiation 6 Li(n, a )T nuclear reaction can be used to produce very low abundance in the natural environment. 6 Li is a fuel in nuclear fusion reactors, and the abundance of 6 Li is required to be >30%.
  • lithium isotope is an indispensable strategic material.
  • the development of separation process and the development of new lithium isotope extractant have been the research hotspots, but it is also a major technical difficulty in this field.
  • the extracted extractant has a very low extraction rate (only one extraction rate is only 16%), the hydrophilic ionic liquid is expensive and difficult to phase-recover, and there is no test for multi-stage enrichment separation.
  • the extraction system of crown ethers and hole ethers has an organic phase enrichment of 6 Li. Although its separation coefficient a is high, its synthesis is difficult, costly, and toxic, and it fails to achieve multi-stage extraction. Lithium isotope collection (Jiang Yanlin et al., Atomic Energy Science and Technology, 1986, 20, 1).
  • lithium amalgam chemical exchange method can meet the requirements of isotope separation process and has become the only method for industrial production of lithium isotope (Palko, A, A, et al. J. Chem. Phys, 1976, 64, 1828).
  • the lithium amalgam method requires a large amount of mercury, which is a serious hazard to operators and the environment.
  • the lithium amalgam method It is easy to enrich 6 Li, and the lithium amalgam will gradually decompose in the extraction tower, which is not suitable for the separation process with a large number of stages and a high abundance of 7 Li (>99.99%).
  • an extracted organic phase for separating a lithium isotope comprising: a diluent and a compound of formula (I) as an extractant;
  • Z is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom substituted by R 9 , wherein R 9 is hydrogen, d 6 fluorenyl-sulfonyl group, -6 halogenated fluorenyl-sulfonyl group, benzenesulfonyl group or d 6 fluorenyl group - benzenesulfonyl;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently hydrogen, C ⁇ 6 fluorenyl, C ⁇ 6 halogenated fluorenyl,
  • the R 9 is hydrogen, trifluoromethanesulfonyl, methylsulfonyl or p-methylbenzenesulfonyl.
  • R 1 is hydrogen, -6 fluorenyl, d- 6 halogenated fluorenyl or phenyl.
  • the extracted organic phase further contains a synergist.
  • the synergistic agent is a phosphorus-containing compound, a nitrogen-containing compound, a decyl quaternary phosphonium salt compound or a sulfoxide compound.
  • the synergistic agent is a neutral phosphorus-containing compound, a quaternary ammonium salt compound, a long-chain sulfhydryl quaternary phosphonium salt compound or a neutral sulfoxide compound.
  • the synergistic agent comprises: tributyl phosphate (TBP), trioctylphosphine oxide
  • TOPO Dibutyl butyl phosphonate
  • BDBP Dibutyl butyl phosphate
  • Methylene tetrabutyl bisphosphate Trioctyl amine oxide, 1,10-phenanthroline, quaternary ammonium Salt N263, dimethylbis(N-octadecyl)ammonium chloride, methyldioctylphosphonium chloride or dioctyl sulfoxide.
  • the diluent comprises: kerosene, octanone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, xylene, diethylbenzene, bromobenzene, anisole, nitroguanidine, 2-methyl Cyclohexanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, diphenyl ether, or a combination thereof.
  • the extracted organic phase further contains lithium ions.
  • the content of lithium ions in the extracted organic phase is 0-2.0 mol/L; more preferably 0.01-0.5 mol/L.
  • a system for separating a lithium isotope comprising the extracted organic phase according to the first aspect of the invention, and an alkaline aqueous phase containing lithium ions.
  • the lithium ion-containing basic aqueous phase is an aqueous solution containing a lithium salt and a strong base.
  • the lithium salt comprises LiCl, LiBr, Lil, Li 2 SO 4 , Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 , Li 3 PO 4 , LiSCN, CF 3 COOLi or LiOH; and/or
  • the strong base includes sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention there is provided the use of a system according to the third aspect of the invention for the separation of 7 Li and 6 Li.
  • the process of separating the lithium isotope is to separate the lithium isotope from the alkaline aqueous phase containing lithium ions.
  • the process is a countercurrent extraction process.
  • the countercurrent extraction process is a multi-stage countercurrent extraction process or a single stage countercurrent extraction process.
  • the multistage countercurrent extraction process is a 2-600 countercurrent extraction process; preferably, a 2-300 countercurrent extraction process; more preferably, a 2-150 countercurrent extraction process.
  • a lithium ion chelate comprising: a synergist, a lithium ion, and a
  • Z is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom substituted by R 9 (Z is O, S or NR 9 ), wherein R 9 is hydrogen, -6 fluorenyl-sulfonyl, d 6 halogenated fluorenyl-sulfonate
  • R 9 is hydrogen, -6 fluorenyl-sulfonyl, d 6 halogenated fluorenyl-sulfonate
  • RR 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently hydrogen, d 6 fluorenyl, -6 halogenated fluorenyl,
  • the lithium ion chelate compound is represented by the formula (Ila) or the formula (lib):
  • Z, 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are as defined above, and L is a synergist.
  • the R 9 is hydrogen, trifluoromethanesulfonyl, methylsulfonyl or p-methylbenzenesulfonyl.
  • R 1 is hydrogen, -6 fluorenyl, d- 6 halogenated fluorenyl or phenyl.
  • the synergistic agent is a phosphorus-containing compound, a nitrogen-containing compound, a decyl quaternary phosphonium salt compound or a sulfoxide compound.
  • the synergistic agent comprises: tributyl phosphate (TBP), trioctylphosphine oxide
  • TOPO Dibutyl butyl phosphonate
  • BDBP Dibutyl butyl phosphate
  • Methylene tetrabutyl bisphosphate Trioctyl amine oxide, 1,10-phenanthroline, quaternary ammonium Salt N263, dimethylbis(N-octadecyl)ammonium chloride, methyldioctylphosphonium chloride or dioctyl sulfoxide.
  • a method of separating a lithium isotope from a basic aqueous phase containing lithium ions comprising the steps of:
  • the organic phase obtained in the above step is subjected to stripping treatment with a stripping agent, and the aqueous phase is collected to obtain a lithium isotope after separation.
  • the volume ratio of the extracted organic phase to the basic aqueous phase is 1-10: 1-3.
  • the method is used to separate 7 Li and 6 Li.
  • the separated lithium isotope is 7 Li.
  • the lithium ion-containing basic aqueous phase is an aqueous solution containing a lithium salt and a strong base.
  • the lithium salt comprises LiCl, LiBr, Lil, Li 2 SO 4 , Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 ,
  • Li 3 PO 4 LiSCN, CF 3 COOLi or LiOH.
  • the strong base comprises sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
  • the stripping agent comprises NaCl, NaBr, Nal, NH 4 C1, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ,
  • an extractant for separating a lithium isotope the structure of which is as shown in formula (I):
  • Z is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom substituted by R 9 , wherein R 9 is hydrogen, -6 fluorenyl-sulfonyl, -6 6 halosulfonyl-sulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl or d 6 fluorenyl - benzenesulfonyl;
  • RR 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently hydrogen, d 6 fluorenyl, -6 halogenated fluorenyl,
  • the benzoquinoline extracting agent of the invention realizes green, high-efficiency and multi-stage enrichment separation of lithium isotopes.
  • the extracting agent of the invention, and the extracting organic phase comprising the extracting agent, the synergizing agent and the diluent realize the high-efficiency extraction of lithium ions in the aqueous solution; the organic phase is easy to enrich 7 Li; the isotope exchange reaction in the extraction process is fast; The rate is high, and has a high distribution ratio D value and a separation coefficient ⁇ value; the extractant has good chemical stability and is easy to be stripped and regenerated, and has excellent performance in a multi-stage enriched lithium isotope extraction process.
  • Figure 1 is an extraction balance line of Example 8. detailed description
  • -6 fluorenyl refers to a straight or branched fluorenyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec. Butyl, tert-butyl, or the like.
  • C 2 -6 alkenyl refers to a straight or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as ethenyl, allyl, 1-propenyl, isopropenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, or the like.
  • C 2 -6 alkynyl refers to a straight or branched alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as ethynyl, propynyl and the like.
  • C 3 -6 cyclodecyl refers to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or cycloheptyl, and the like.
  • -6 methoxy refers to a straight or branched decyloxy group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutylene.
  • halogen means fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo.
  • halo refers to a group substituted by the same or different one or more of the above halogen atoms, such as a monofluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, or the like. Distribution ratio and separation factor
  • a and B represent different lithium ion coordination environments in the two phases, such as organic phase and aqueous phase.
  • the distribution ratio (D value) indicates the concentration ratio of the total amount of lithium ions in the two phases:
  • B represents the extracted organic phase of the present invention
  • A represents the aqueous phase
  • the distribution ratio (D value) is the ratio of the total concentration of lithium ions (LiB) in the organic phase to the total concentration of lithium ions in the aqueous phase (LiA), which is determined by the experimental conditions.
  • the extraction rate is the percentage of the total amount of lithium ions extracted into the organic phase as a percentage of the total amount of lithium ions in the two phases, indicating the completeness of the extraction. The larger the distribution ratio, the higher the extraction rate.
  • the isotope separation coefficient ( ⁇ value) indicates the effect of single-stage separation of lithium isotopes, that is, the ratio of the abundance ratio of lithium isotope in the ⁇ phase to the abundance ratio of lithium isotope in the ⁇ phase:
  • LiA] I [ b LiA]
  • the separation factor indicates the degree to which a unit separation operation or a separation process separates two substances. Its size reflects the ease of separation of the two components. If the separation factor is equal to 1, separation cannot be achieved; the greater the degree of separation factor deviates from 1, the easier it is to be separated. As a preferred lithium isotope separation system, the following requirements should be met during the chemical exchange process:
  • (1) has a large distribution ratio D value, that is, the extraction rate is high;
  • Lithium isotope can be easily stripped and phase-shifted, and multi-stage enrichment extraction is realized
  • the extractant has a stable chemical structure and is economical and practical. Extracting agent
  • the extracting agent of the present invention is a benzoquinoline derivative having the structure represented by the formula (I):
  • is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom substituted by R 9 ( ⁇ is O, S or NR 9 ), wherein R 9 is hydrogen, -6 fluorenyl-sulfonyl (ie, substituted by -6 fluorenyl) Sulfonyl), -6 halogenated fluorenyl-sulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl or -6 fluorenyl-benzenesulfonyl;
  • RR 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently hydrogen, -6 fluorenyl, -6 halogenated fluorenyl, C 2 -6 alkenyl, C 2 _ 6 alkyne Base, d 6 methoxy, C 3 -6 cyclodecyl, halogen or phenyl.
  • the R 7 is hydrogen, trifluoromethanesulfonyl, methylsulfonyl or p-methylbenzenesulfonyl.
  • R 1 is hydrogen, -6 fluorenyl, d- 6 halogenated fluorenyl or phenyl.
  • the extractant of the invention has convenient source, the synthesis method of the extractant is simple and low in cost, such as synthesis by Skraup reaction (Schenkel, ⁇ ; Schenkel, M. Helv. Chim. Acta, 1944, 27, 1456), Diels-Alder reaction synthesis (Collis, GE; Burrell, AK Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46, 3653), Combes reaction synthesis (Combes, A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1988, 49, 89), or metal palladium catalyzed reaction synthesis (Piecheowska , J.; Gryko, DTJ Org. Chem. 201 1 , 76, 10220). Extraction of organic phase
  • the extracted organic phase of the present invention preferably comprises the extractant of the present invention, as well as a synergist and a diluent.
  • the extracted organic phase can be used for separating and extracting lithium isotopes; preferably, the lithium isotope can be separated from the alkaline ion phase containing lithium ions, wherein the lithium ion-containing alkaline aqueous phase includes (but is not limited to): Mixed aqueous solution of lithium salt (such as LiCl, LiBr, Lil, Li 2 SO 4 , Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 , Li 3 PO 4 , LiSCN, CF 3 COOLi, LiOH, etc.) and strong base (such as sodium hydroxide) .
  • the lithium salt has a concentration of 0.01 to 10 mol/L, preferably 0.1 to 1.5 mol/L.
  • the concentration of the strong base is from 0.5 to 15 mol/L, preferably from 2 to 7 mol/L.
  • the synergistic extraction agents include phosphorus-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compound (including a quaternary ammonium salt compound, etc.), alkyl with quaternary sulfonium salt compounds (sulfonium salt compound quaternary alkyl with preferably the embankment 36 _ quaternary sulfonium salt compound; It is preferably a C ⁇ ⁇ quaternary phosphonium salt compound; more preferably a C M () fluorenyl quaternary phosphonium salt compound) or a sulfoxide compound.
  • the synergistic agent is a neutral phosphorus compound, a quaternary ammonium salt compound, a long chain indenyl quaternary phosphonium salt compound or a neutral sulfoxide compound, including, for example but not limited to: tributyl phosphate (TBP) ), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), dibutyl butyl phosphonate (DBBP), butyl butyl phosphate (BDBP), tetrabutyl bisphosphonate, trioctyl amine oxide, 1, 10 - phenanthroline, quaternary ammonium salt N263, dimethyl bis(N-octadecyl) ammonium chloride, methyl dioctyl sulfonium chloride, dioctyl sulfoxide, and the like.
  • TBP tributyl phosphate
  • TOPO trioctylphosphine oxide
  • DBBP dibutyl buty
  • synergistic agents are easily soluble in the organic phase and are easily combined with the extractant to extract lithium ions, which can significantly increase the extraction rate. At the same time, the source of the synergistic agent is convenient and the cost is much lower than that of the hydrophilic ionic liquid. In the stripping process, the synergistic agent of the present invention can also be recycled and recycled together with the extracting agent.
  • the diluent includes, but is not limited to, kerosene, octanone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, xylene, diethylbenzene, bromobenzene, anisole, nitroformamidine, 2-methylcyclohexanone
  • An organic solvent such as methyl isobutyl ketone, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene or diphenyl ether, or a combination thereof.
  • the concentration of the extractant is 0.01-10 mol/L, preferably 0.1-1 mol/L; and/or the concentration of the synergist is 0.1-10 mol/L, preferably 0.05. -2 mol/L.
  • the extracted organic phase of the present invention may also contain a certain amount of lithium ions.
  • the content of lithium ions is small, which is insufficient to affect the extraction efficiency of the extracted organic relative lithium isotope.
  • the lithium ion content is 0-2.0 mol/L; more preferably 0.01-0.5 mol/L is used to separate the lithium isotope system.
  • the present invention provides a system (or extraction system or separation system) for separating lithium isotopes comprising the extracted organic phase of the present invention, and an alkaline aqueous phase containing lithium ions.
  • the lithium ion-containing basic aqueous phase is an aqueous solution containing a lithium salt and a strong base.
  • the lithium salt includes, but is not limited to, LiCl, LiBr, Lil, Li 2 SO 4 , Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 , Li 3 PO 4 , LiSCN, CF 3 COOLi, LiOH
  • the lithium salt has a concentration of 0.01 to 10 mol/L, preferably 0.1 to 1.5 mol/L.
  • the strong base includes, but is not limited to, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.; the concentration of the strong base is 0.5-15 mol/L, preferably 2-7. Mol/L.
  • the volume ratio of the extracted organic phase to the basic aqueous phase containing lithium ions is 1-10:
  • the molecular structure of the extractant of the present invention is characterized by having a ZH substituent at the 10-position of the benzoquinoline; the "ZH substituent” is a hydroxyl group, a thiol group or an amine group substituted by a R 9 (ie, Z is O, S or NR 9 ).
  • the "ZH substituent” has a higher protonic acidity, and after losing protons under alkaline conditions, correspondingly forming an oxygen anion, a sulfur anion or a nitrogen anion, the three negative ions can be combined with the lithium cation and formed. Strong Z-Li bond.
  • the extractant and lithium ions form a lithium ion chelate (or "extractant-lithium chelate").
  • the extractant and lithium ions can further form a structure such as (Ila) or (lib)
  • the extractant and the lithium ion and the synergist will form a lithium ion chelate represented by the formula (Ila).
  • the synergist is a quaternary ammonium salt-containing compound or a quaternary phosphonium salt compound
  • a lithium ion chelate compound represented by (lib) will be formed.
  • the "extractant-lithium chelate” enters the organic phase, completing the extraction process.
  • the "extractant-lithium chelate” has a strong Z-Li bond, and the coordination of other auxiliary atoms makes the lithium isotope ion have a different chemical environment in the organic phase and in the aqueous phase. This produces a significant isotope separation effect with a large separation factor alpha value. At the same time, this strong Z-Li bond makes the isotope exchange process rapid, and the organic phase is more likely to enrich 7 Li, which is beneficial to the separation of 7 Li and 6 Li. This is a significant difference and improvement over conventional lithium amalgam separation methods. Extraction method
  • the method for separating lithium isotopes according to the present invention comprises the steps of:
  • the lithium ion-containing basic aqueous phase is an aqueous solution containing a lithium salt and a strong base.
  • the lithium salt includes, but is not limited to, LiCl, LiBr, Lil, Li 2 SO 4 , Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 , Li 3 PO 4 , LiSCN, CF 3 COOLi, LiOH
  • the lithium salt has a concentration of 0.01 to 10 mol/L, preferably 0.1 to 1.5 mol/L.
  • the strong base includes, but is not limited to, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.; the concentration of the strong base is 0.5-15 mol/L, preferably 2-7. Mol/L.
  • the volume ratio of the extracted organic phase to the aqueous phase is 1-10: 1-3.
  • the extractant in the extracted organic phase forms an "extractant-lithium chelate" with the lithium ion in the aqueous phase, and enters the organic phase to form an "extractant".
  • extractant in the extracted organic phase forms an "extractant-lithium chelate" with the lithium ion in the aqueous phase, and enters the organic phase to form an "extractant".
  • the organic phase containing the "extractant-lithium chelate" obtained in the above step is subjected to stripping treatment with a stripping agent, and the aqueous phase is collected to obtain a lithium ion-enriched solution after separation, thereby obtaining lithium ions after separation.
  • the volume ratio of the organic phase containing the "extractant-lithium chelate" and the stripping agent is from 1 to 8: 1-10.
  • the stripping agent includes, but is not limited to, an aqueous solution of a sodium salt (such as NaCl, NaBr, Nal, Na 2 SO 4 , NaNO 3 , etc.), an ammonium salt (such as NH 4 C1, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 , etc.) aqueous solution, potassium salt (such as KC1, K 2 SO 4 Etc.) aqueous solution.
  • a sodium salt such as NaCl, NaBr, Nal, Na 2 SO 4 , NaNO 3 , etc.
  • an ammonium salt such as NH 4 C1, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 , etc.
  • potassium salt such as KC1, K 2 SO 4 Etc.
  • the stripping process has the advantages of high efficiency and rapidity.
  • the stripping rate can reach 75%, the stripping rate can reach over 98%, and the stripping rate reaches 99%.
  • the stripping efficiency is much higher than that reported by CN201 1 10425430.4.
  • the extractant and the co-extractant can be recycled and recycled by high-efficiency and rapid stripping phase inversion.
  • the aqueous solution is a solution enriched in 7 Li.
  • the single-stage extraction separation test examined the basic properties of the extractant, that is, one extraction produced a separation factor ⁇ value, and the extractant of the present invention has a higher separation coefficient ⁇ value, which can reach 1.022 or more.
  • the stripping agent is mild and non-polluting, and the stripping efficiency is high.
  • the extracting agent and the synergistic extracting agent are easy to regenerate the phase inversion cycle.
  • a preferred single stage extraction separation method comprises the steps of:
  • an extracted organic phase for example comprising: an extracting agent 0.1 -1 mol/L, a synergistic extracting agent 0.05-2 mol/L, and a diluent being the aforementioned organic solvent;
  • 1.2 Provide a basic aqueous phase containing lithium ions:
  • 1.3 Determine the two-phase comparison (eg 1-10: 1-3), use a suitable instrument to obtain a two-phase sample, for example, using a separatory funnel to oscillate for a period of time (such as 1-5 minutes), for a period of time (such as 5 Minutes), separate the two-phase sample; or use a high-efficiency centrifugal extractor to continuously feed and discharge at a flow ratio of 1- 10: 1 -3 to obtain two phases of the outlet as samples.
  • a suitable instrument to obtain a two-phase sample, for example, using a separatory funnel to oscillate for a period of time (such as 1-5 minutes), for a period of time (such as 5 Minutes), separate the two-phase sample; or use a high-efficiency centrifugal extractor to continuously feed and discharge at a flow ratio of 1- 10: 1 -3 to obtain two phases of the outlet as samples.
  • the ratio of 7 Li/ 6 Li in the two phases can be determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to calculate a single-stage separation coefficient.
  • the concentration of lithium ions in the two phases can be measured by flame photometry to calculate the distribution ratio.
  • a stripping solution aqueous solution such as 0.1-2 mol/L
  • determining the two phases such as 1-8: 1-10
  • phase separation and stripping several times (such as 2-3 times).
  • the 7 Li-enriched product in the organic phase is transferred to the stripping aqueous phase, and the extractant and the synergist are recirculated.
  • Multi-stage enrichment process is the only way to achieve multiple accumulation and accumulation of isotopes, such as 92.5% from natural
  • the 7 Li material is enriched to obtain 99.995% of the 7 Li product under full reflux conditions, requiring 340 stages of cumulative enrichment.
  • the extractant of the present invention has good chemical stability, achieves multiple accumulation and enrichment of lithium isotopes, and significantly reduces the cumulative number of stages (or times). For example, 156 mixed clarification tanks were used as extraction equipment. After 500 hours of long-term operation, multi-stage enrichment separation of lithium isotope was realized, and the abundance of 7 Li increased from 95.60% enrichment to 98.47%. Alternatively, a centrifugal extractor was used as the extraction device to achieve multistage enrichment of the 25-level lithium isotope, and the abundance of 7 Li increased from 92.5% enrichment to 95.0%.
  • the present invention mainly has the following advantages:
  • the present invention provides a class of benzoquinoline extracting agents, and an extracting organic phase using the extracting agent of the present invention together with a synergist and a diluent.
  • the extractant has a ZH substituent in the molecular structure, and under alkaline conditions, with the aid of a synergist, the extractant easily forms a strong Z-Li bond with lithium ions, thereby forming an "extractant-lithium” Chelate".
  • the extractant is less toxic and exhibits excellent chemical stability in long-term (over 500 hours) single-stage or multi-stage extraction separation tests, and is easy to retrograde and recycle.
  • the present invention provides a method for separating a lithium isotope from an alkaline aqueous solution of lithium ions, the method comprising an extraction and stripping step, wherein the stripping agent is mild and non-polluting, and the stripping process is efficient and rapid, thereby greatly saving The cost of a multi-stage enrichment experiment.
  • the extraction method of the present invention avoids the use of highly toxic mercury. Therefore, the method is environmentally friendly, reduces the cost of lithium isotope separation, and has high economic efficiency.
  • the invention will be further elucidated below in conjunction with specific implementations. It is to be understood that the examples are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
  • the experimental methods in the following examples which do not specify the specific conditions are usually in accordance with conventional conditions or in accordance with the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Percentages and parts are by weight unless otherwise stated.
  • Aqueous phase 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 6 mol/L NaOH
  • Comparison: 1 1 (volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase)
  • the organic phase and the aqueous phase were extracted and shaken in a separatory funnel for 5 minutes, stratified for 5 minutes, and the two phases were collected. Do not use as the extracted organic phase and aqueous phase; or use a high-efficiency centrifugal extractor to continuously feed and discharge at a flow ratio of 1:1, and obtain the two phases of the outlet as the extracted organic phase and aqueous phase, respectively.
  • the extracted organic phase is back-extracted with 1 mol/L NaCl aqueous solution (regressing agent), compared to 1:1 (volume ratio of organic phase after extraction to the counter-extracted aqueous phase), stripping three times, organic after extraction
  • the phase-enriched 7 Li product is transferred to the stripping aqueous phase, and the extractant and the synergist are recirculated.
  • the measured stripping rate was 99%.
  • the extraction method is the same as in Example 1, except that the following conditions are used:
  • Extractant 0.3 mol/L 10-hydroxybenzoquinoline
  • Co-extractant 0.6 mol/L trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO)
  • Diluent Dichlorobenzene.
  • Aqueous phase 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 4 mol/L NaOH
  • the extraction distribution ratio D 1.6 was measured, that is, the primary extraction rate was 62%, and the single-stage separation coefficient ⁇ value was 1.022.
  • the stripping method was the same as in Example 1, except that the stripping agent was used: 1 mol/L Na 2 SO 4 ;
  • the three stripping rate was measured to be 99%.
  • the extraction method is the same as in Example 1, except that the following conditions are used:
  • Extractant 0.4 mol/L 10-hydroxybenzoquinoline
  • Co-extractant 0.3 mol/L quaternary ammonium salt N263
  • Diluent Trichlorobenzene
  • Aqueous phase 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 4.8 mol/L NaOH
  • the extraction distribution ratio D 1.7 was measured, that is, the primary extraction rate was 63%, and the single-stage separation coefficient ⁇ value was 1.022.
  • the stripping method is the same as in Example 1, except that the stripping agent is used: 1 mol/L NH 4 C1;
  • the extraction method is the same as in Example 1, except that the following conditions are used:
  • Extractant 0.6 mol/L 2,4-dimethyl-10-hydroxybenzoquinoline
  • Co-extractant 1.0 mol/L trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO)
  • TOPO trioctylphosphine oxide
  • Aqueous phase 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 4 mol/L KOH
  • the extraction distribution ratio D 1.1 was measured, that is, the primary extraction rate was 52%, and the single-stage separation coefficient ⁇ value was 1.023.
  • the stripping method is the same as in Example 1, except that the stripping agent is used: 1 mol/L NH 4 C1;
  • the extraction method is the same as in Example 1, except that the following conditions are used:
  • Extractant 0.4 mol/L 9-propyl-10-hydroxybenzoquinoline
  • synergist 0.8 mol/L
  • Aqueous phase 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 5 mol/L NaOH
  • the stripping method is the same as in Example 1, except that the stripping agent is used: 1 mol/L NH 4 C1;
  • the extraction method is the same as in Example 1, except that the following conditions are used:
  • Aqueous phase 0.2 mol/L Li 2 SO 4 ; 5 mol/L KOH
  • the extraction distribution ratio D 0.8 was measured, that is, the primary extraction rate was 44%, and the single-stage separation coefficient ⁇ value was 1.024.
  • the stripping-back extraction method is the same as in Example 1, except that the stripping agent is used: l mol/L NH 4 Cl;
  • the three stripping rate was measured to be 99%.
  • the extraction method is the same as in Example 1, except that the following conditions are used:
  • Extractant 0.4 mol/L 7-trifluoromethyl-10-hydroxybenzoquinoline
  • synergist 0.8 mol/L quaternary ammonium salt N263
  • diluent dichlorobenzene
  • Aqueous phase 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 5 mol/L NaOH
  • the extraction distribution ratio D 1.9 was measured, that is, the primary extraction rate was 66%, and the single-stage separation coefficient ⁇ value was 1.025.
  • the stripping method is the same as in Example 1, except that the stripping agent is used: l mol/L NH 4 Cl;
  • the three stripping rate was measured to be 99%.
  • the extraction method is the same as in Example 1, except that the following conditions are used:
  • Extractant 0.4 mol/L 5-chloro-10-hydroxybenzoquinoline
  • synergist 0.8 mol/L methyl dioctylphosphonium chloride
  • diluent dichlorobenzene
  • Aqueous phase 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 5 mol/L NaOH
  • the stripping method was the same as in Example 1, except that a stripping agent was used: 1 mol/L ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ;
  • the extraction method is the same as in Example 1, except that the following conditions are used:
  • Extractant 0.4 mol/L 5-fluoro-9-methoxy-10-hydroxybenzoquinoline; synergist: 0.8 mol/L N263; diluent: dichlorobenzene.
  • Aqueous phase 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 5 mol/L KOH
  • the extraction distribution ratio D 1.5 was measured, that is, the primary extraction rate was 60%, and the single-stage separation coefficient ⁇ value was 1.028.
  • the stripping method was the same as in Example 1, except that a stripping agent was used: 1 mol/L ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ;
  • the three stripping rate was measured to be 99%.
  • the extraction method is the same as in Example 1, except that the following conditions are used:
  • Extractant 0.4 mol/L 6-methyl-7-bromo-10-mercaptobenzoquinoline
  • synergist 0.4 mol/L N263
  • diluent trichlorobenzene
  • Aqueous phase 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 5 mol/L NaOH
  • the extraction distribution ratio D 0.7 was measured, that is, the primary extraction rate was 42%, and the single-stage separation coefficient ⁇ value was 1.022.
  • the stripping method was the same as that in Example 1, except that the stripping agent was used: 1 mol/L NH 4 C1 ;
  • the three stripping rate was measured to be 99%.
  • the extraction method is the same as in Example 1, except that the following conditions are used:
  • Extractant 0.4 mol/L 10-(N-trifluoromethanesulfonyl)aminobenzoquinoline
  • Co-extractor 1.0 mol/L dibutyl phosphate (BDBP)
  • Thinner Dichlorobenzene.
  • Aqueous phase 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 5 mol/L NaOH
  • the stripping method is the same as in Example 1, except that the stripping agent is used: 1 mol/L NH 4 C1;
  • the three stripping rate was measured to be 99%.
  • Extractant 0.5 mol/L 6-methyl-10-hydroxybenzoquinoline
  • synergist 0.3 mol/L N263
  • diluent dichlorobenzene
  • Aqueous phase 0.6 mol/L LiCl; 5 mol/L NaOH
  • Extractant 0.5 mol/L 10-hydroxybenzoquinoline
  • Co-extractant 0.3 mol/L chloromethyldioctylphosphonium chloride
  • Diluent Dichlorobenzene
  • Aqueous phase 0.62 mol/L LiCl; 5.2 mol/L NaOH
  • Example 14 25-stage centrifugal extractor enrichment of lithium isotope process test The following conditions apply:
  • Extractant 0.5 mol/L 6-methyl-10-hydroxybenzoquinoline
  • synergist 0.3 mol/L methyl dioctylphosphonium chloride
  • diluent dichlorobenzene
  • Aqueous phase 0.6 mol/L Li 2 SO 4 ; 5 mol/L NaOH
  • the 25-stage centrifugal extractor was used to enrich the lithium isotope process test.
  • the comprehensive performances of extraction, enrichment and stripping of the extractant were investigated.
  • the chemical stability of the extractant was good, and the lithium isotope achieved multi-level richness.
  • the lithium ion distribution ratio is high (up to 1.9), and the primary extraction rate can reach 66%, which is much higher than the extraction rate of the extracted organic phase reported by CN2011 10425430.4 (about 15.2%-19.0). %);
  • the extracted organic phase is easy to enrich 7 Li, and the separation coefficient ⁇ is high (up to 1.028), which is significantly better than other solvent extraction systems (generally ⁇ 1.010); and achieves multi-stage enrichment of lithium isotope .

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于分离锂同位素的萃取剂以及含有所述萃取剂的萃取有机相;所述萃取有机相易于富集7Li,易于实现锂同位素的分离。本发明还公开了一种高效的分离水溶液中锂同位素的方法,所述方法采用本发明所述的萃取有机相,适用于单级和多级萃取工艺。

Description

一种用于分离锂同位素的萃取剂及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于化工领域。 具体地, 本发明涉及一种用于分离锂同位素的苯并喹 啉类萃取剂及其应用。 背景技术
锂 (Li)存在多种天然同位素。 其中, 7Li和 6Li的丰度最高, 分别为 92.48%和 7.52%。这两种同位素在核材料领域中占有重要地位,但是两者的核反应性能截然 不同。 在钍基熔盐堆中, 7Li是必不可少的熔盐冷却剂, 由于 6Li的热中子吸收截面 非常高(达到 941 barns) , 而 7Li仅为 0.033 barns , 所以, 熔盐堆对 7Li的丰度要求 >99.995%。 同时, 高纯度的 7Li常用于调节压水堆中一次冷却剂的 pH值; 在聚变 堆中 7Li也用作导热的载热剂。 另外, 可利用中子照射 6Li(n,a)T核反应来生产自然 界丰度极低的氚, 6Li是核聚变堆中的燃料, 其中 6Li的丰度要求 >30%。
不论是钍基熔盐堆还是核聚变堆,都将为我国开发战略新能源提供解决方案。 因此, 锂同位素作为不可或缺的战略材料, 其分离工艺的开发和新型的锂同位素 萃取剂的研制一直是研究热点, 但同时也是本领域的一大技术难点。
目前, 现有的分离锂同位素的方法包括电磁法、 分子蒸馏法、 电迁移法、 电 解法和各种化学交换法等(肖啸菴等, 核化学与放射放学, 1991, 13, 1)。
迄今为止, 大多数锂同位素分离方法仅停留在实验室研究阶段 (陈耀焕, 稀有 金属, 1983, 2, 79)。 例如, 中性溶剂萃取体系 (如异戊醇 /LiBr体系)、 离子交换体系 (如己酸 /煤油体系)、 螯合体系 (如苏丹 I-TOPO体系)等, 均具有较低的分离系数 a 值 (一般 < 1.010), 无法用于工业化的萃取工艺 (陈耀焕等, 原子能科学技术, 1987, 21 , 433)。 CN2011 10425430.4所报道的萃取剂, 萃取率很低 (一次萃取率仅为 16%), 亲水性离子液体价格昂贵且难以转相回收, 且没有用于多级富集分离的试验。 冠 醚和穴醚类的萃取体系, 有机相富集物为 6Li, 虽然其分离系数 a值较高, 但其合 成难度大,成本高,毒性大,且也未能实现多级萃取来富集锂同位素 (姜延林等, 原 子能科学技术, 1986, 20, 1)。
目前, 锂汞齐化学交换法能够满足同位素分离工艺要求, 并已成为唯一的工 业化生产锂同位素的方法 (Palko, A, A, et al. J. Chem. Phys, 1976, 64, 1828)。 然而, 锂汞齐法因需使用大量的汞, 对操作人员和环境产生严重危害。 另外, 锂汞齐法 易于富集 6Li, 且锂汞齐在萃取塔中会逐步分解, 不适合级数较多、 7Li丰度要求较 高(>99.99%)的分离过程。
因此, 本领域迫切需要一种安全、 绿色、 高效、 可用于多级富集分离且易于 富集 7Li的萃取剂。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于分离锂同位素的、 安全、 绿色、 高效、 稳定性 好、 可用于多级富集分离且易于富集 7Li的萃取剂及其用途。
在本发明的第一方面中, 提供了一种用于分离锂同位素的萃取有机相, 所述 的萃取有机相包含: 稀释剂以及作为萃取剂的式 (I)所示的化合物;
Figure imgf000003_0001
式中,
Z为氧原子、 硫原子或者被 R9所取代的氮原子, 其中, R9为氢、 d_6垸基 -磺酰 基、 _6卤代垸基-磺酰基、 苯磺酰基或者 d_6垸基 -苯磺酰基;
1 , R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7和 R8各自独立地为氢、 C^6垸基、 C^6卤代垸基、
C2_6烯基、 C2_6炔基、 d_6垸氧基、 c3_6环垸基、 卤素或者苯基。
在另一优选例中, 所述的 R9为氢、 三氟甲磺酰基、 甲基磺酰基或者对甲基苯 磺酰基。
在另一优选例中, R1为氢、 _6垸基、 d_6卤代垸基或者苯基。
在另一优选例中, 所述的萃取有机相还含协萃剂。
在另一优选例中, 所述的协萃剂为含磷化合物、 含氮化合物、 垸基季锍盐化 合物或者亚砜化合物。
在另一优选例中, 所述的协萃剂为中性含磷化合物、 季铵盐化合物、 长链垸 基季锍盐化合物或者中性亚砜化合物。
在另一优选例中, 所述的协萃剂包括: 磷酸三丁酯 (TBP)、 三辛基氧化膦
(TOPO), 丁基膦酸二丁酯 (DBBP)、 二丁基磷酸丁酯 (BDBP)、 甲撑四丁基双磷酸 酯、 三辛基氧化胺、 1,10-菲罗啉、 季铵盐 N263、 二甲基二 (N-十八垸基)氯化铵、 氯化甲基二辛基锍盐或者二辛基亚砜。 在另一优选例中, 所述的稀释剂包括: 煤油、 辛酮、 氯仿、 四氯化碳、 甲苯、 二甲苯、 二乙苯、 溴苯、 苯甲醚、 硝基甲垸、 2-甲基环己酮、 甲基异丁酮、 氯苯、 二氯苯、 三氯苯、 二苯醚、 或其组合。
在另一优选例中, 所述的萃取有机相还含锂离子。
在另一优选例中, 所述的萃取有机相中, 锂离子的含量为 0-2.0 mol/L; 更佳 地为 0.01-0.5 mol/L o
在本发明第二方面中, 提供了一种如本发明第一方面所述的萃取有机相的用 途, 其用于分离 7Li和 6Li的工艺。
在本发明第三方面中, 提供了一种用于分离锂同位素的体系, 所述体系包含 如本发明第一方面所述的萃取有机相, 以及含锂离子的碱性水相。
在另一优选例中, 所述的含锂离子的碱性水相为含锂盐和强碱的水溶液。 在另一优选例中, 所述的锂盐包括 LiCl、 LiBr、 Lil、 Li2SO4、 Li2CO3、 LiNO3、 Li3PO4、 LiSCN、 CF3COOLi或者 LiOH; 和 /或所述的强碱包括氢氧化钠或者氢氧 化钾。
在本发明第四方面中, 提供了一种如本发明第三方面所述的体系的用途, 其 用于分离 7Li和 6Li的工艺。
在另一优选例中, 所述的分离锂同位素的工艺为从含锂离子的碱性水相中分 离锂同位素。
在另一优选例中, 所述的工艺为逆流萃取工艺。
在另一优选例中, 所述逆流萃取工艺为多级逆流萃取工艺或单级逆流萃取工 艺。
在另一优选例中, 所述的多级逆流萃取工艺为 2-600级逆流萃取工艺; 较佳 地, 为 2-300级逆流萃取工艺; 更佳地, 为 2-150级逆流萃取工艺。
在本发明第五方面中, 提供了一种锂离子螯合物, 所述锂离子螯合物包含: 协萃剂、 锂离子、 以及作为萃
Figure imgf000004_0001
式中, Z为氧原子、 硫原子或者被 R9所取代的氮原子 (Z为 O、 S或者 NR9), 其中, R9 为氢、 _6垸基 -磺酰基、 d_6卤代垸基-磺酰基、 苯磺酰基或者 _6垸基 -苯磺酰基;
R R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7和 R8各自独立地为氢、 d_6垸基、 _6卤代垸基、
C2_6烯基、 C2_6炔基、 d_6垸氧基、 C3_6环垸基、 卤素或者苯基。
在另一优选例中, 所述的锂离子螯合物如式 (Ila)或者式 (lib)所示:
Figure imgf000005_0001
(Ila) (lib)
上述各式中, Z、 1 , R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7和 R8的定义如前所述, L为 协萃剂。
在另一优选例中, 所述的 R9为氢、 三氟甲磺酰基、 甲基磺酰基或者对甲基苯 磺酰基。
在另一优选例中, R1为氢、 _6垸基、 d_6卤代垸基或者苯基。
在另一优选例中, 所述的协萃剂为含磷化合物、 含氮化合物、 垸基季锍盐化 合物或者亚砜化合物。
在另一优选例中, 所述的协萃剂包括: 磷酸三丁酯 (TBP)、 三辛基氧化膦
(TOPO), 丁基膦酸二丁酯 (DBBP)、 二丁基磷酸丁酯 (BDBP)、 甲撑四丁基双磷酸 酯、 三辛基氧化胺、 1,10-菲罗啉、 季铵盐 N263、 二甲基二 (N-十八垸基)氯化铵、 氯化甲基二辛基锍盐或者二辛基亚砜。
在本发明的第六方面中, 提供了一种从含锂离子的碱性水相中分离锂同位素 的方法, 其包括步骤:
(1) 萃取:
(1.1) 提供本发明第一方面所述的萃取有机相;
(1.2) 提供含锂离子的碱性水相;
(1.3) 混合步骤(1.1)所述的的萃取有机相和步骤(1.2)所述的碱性水相后, 分 层, 收集有机相, 所述有机相含本发明的锂离子螯合物;
(2) 反萃:
用反萃剂对前述步骤得到的有机相进行反萃处理, 收集水相, 从而得到分离 后的锂同位素。
在另一优选例中, 步骤(1.3)中, 所述的萃取有机相和碱性水相的体积比为 1-10: 1-3。
在另一优选例中, 所述方法用于分离 7Li和 6Li。
在另一优选例中, 所述的分离后的锂同位素为 7Li。
在另一优选例中, 所述的含锂离子的碱性水相为含锂盐和强碱的水溶液。 在另一优选例中, 所述的锂盐包括 LiCl、 LiBr、 Lil、 Li2SO4、 Li2CO3、 LiNO3
Li3PO4、 LiSCN、 CF3COOLi或者 LiOH。
在另一优选例中, 所述的强碱包括氢氧化钠或者氢氧化钾。
在另一优选例中,所述的反萃剂包括含 NaCl、 NaBr、 Nal、 NH4C1、(NH4)2SO4
Na2SO4、 NaNO3、 NH4NO3、 KC1或者 K2SO4的水溶液。
在本发明的第七方面中, 提供了一种用于分离锂同位素的萃取剂, 其结构如 式 (I)所示:
Figure imgf000006_0001
其中,
Z为氧原子、 硫原子或者被 R9所取代的氮原子, 其中, R9为氢、 _6垸基 -磺酰 基、 _6卤代垸基-磺酰基、 苯磺酰基或者 d_6垸基 -苯磺酰基;
R R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7和 R8各自独立地为氢、 d_6垸基、 _6卤代垸基、
C2_6烯基、 C2_6炔基、 d_6垸氧基、 C3_6环垸基、 卤素或者苯基;
但不包括以下化合物:
Figure imgf000007_0001
本发明的苯并喹啉类萃取剂, 实现了锂同位素的绿色、 高效、 多级富集分离。 本发明的萃取剂, 以及包含该萃取剂、 协萃剂和稀释剂的萃取有机相, 实现 了对水溶液中锂离子的高效萃取; 有机相易于富集 7Li; 萃取过程同位素交换反应 快; 萃取率高, 具有较高的分配比 D值和分离系数 α值; 萃取剂化学稳定性好, 易 于反萃再生, 在多级富集锂同位素萃取工艺中性能优异。
应理解, 在本发明范围内中, 本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文 (如实施例) 中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。 限于篇幅, 在此不再一一累述。 附图说明
图 1是实施例 8的萃取平衡线。 具体实施方式
本发明人通过长期而深入的研究, 意外地发现了一种苯并喹啉类萃取剂, 所 述萃取剂通过其 10位的取代基 (Ζ-Η), 可与锂离子形成"萃取剂-锂螯合物",所述萃 取剂用于分离锂同位素的工艺, 可有效富集 7Li, 且具有很高的单级分离系数和分 配比。 在此基础上, 发明人完成了本发明。 术语 如本文所用, 术语" _6垸基"指具有 1-6个碳原子的直链或支链垸基, 例如甲 基、 乙基、 丙基、 异丙基、 丁基、 异丁基、 仲丁基、 叔丁基、 或类似基团。
术语" C2_6烯基"指具有 2-6个碳原子的直链或支链的烯基, 例如乙烯基、 烯丙 基、 1-丙烯基、 异丙烯基、 1-丁烯基、 2-丁烯基、 或类似基团。
术语" C2_6炔基"是指具有 2-6个碳原子的直链或支链的炔基, 例如乙炔基、 丙 炔基等。
术语" C3_6环垸基 "指环丙基、 环丁基、 环戊基、 环己基、 或环庚基等。
术语" _6垸氧基"指具有 1-6个碳原子的直链或支链垸氧基, 例如甲氧基、 乙 氧基、 丙氧基、 异丙氧基、 丁氧基、 异丁氧基、 仲丁氧基、 叔丁氧基、 或类似基 团。
术语"卤素"指氟、 氯、 溴、 或碘。 术语"卤代"指被相同或不同的一个或多个 上述卤原子取代的基团, 例如单氟甲基、 三氟甲基、 五氟乙基、 或类似基团。 分配比和分离系数
化学交换法分离锂同位素, 两种液相之间的同位素交换反应可表示为:
7LiA + 6LiB - 7LiB + 6LiA
其中, A与 B代表两相中不同的锂离子配位环境, 例如有机相和水相。
分配比 (D值)表示锂离子总量在两相中的浓度分配比值:
[LiB] [7LiB] + [6LiB]
D =
[LiA] [7LiA] + [6LiA]
若 B表示本发明的萃取有机相, A表示水相, 分配比 (D值)为有机相中锂离子 总浓度 (LiB)与水相中锂离子总浓度 (LiA)之比, 它随实验条件(如被萃物浓度、 溶 液的酸碱度、 萃取剂的浓度、 稀释剂的性质等) 的变化而异。 萃取率为萃入有机 相的锂离子总量占两相中锂离子总量的百分比, 是表示萃取的完全程度。 分配比 愈大, 萃取率愈高。
同位素分离系数 (α值)表示锂同位素单级分离的效果, 即 Β相中锂同位素的丰 度比值与 Α相中锂同位素的丰度比值之商:
[7LiB] I [6LiB]
-
LiA] I [bLiA] 分离系数表示某一单元分离操作或某一分离流程将两种物质分离的程度。 它 的大小反映出两组分分离的难易程度。 分离系数等于 1, 便不能实现分离; 分离系 数偏离于 1的程度愈大, 表明愈容易被分离。 作为一种优选的锂同位素分离体系, 在化学交换的过程中, 应达到以下要求:
(1) 具有较大的分配比 D值, 即萃取率高;
(2) 具有较大的同位素分离系数 α值;
(3) 两相接触时, 同位素交换反应足够快;
(4) 锂同位素能够方便的反萃转相, 并实现多级富集萃取;
(5) 萃取剂化学结构稳定, 经济实用。 萃取剂
本发明的萃取剂为苯并喹啉衍生物, 具有式 (I)所示结构:
Figure imgf000009_0001
式中,
Ζ为氧原子、 硫原子或者被 R9所取代的氮原子 (Ζ为 O、 S或者 NR9), 其中, R9 为氢、 _6垸基-磺酰基 (即 _6垸基所取代的磺酰基)、 _6卤代垸基-磺酰基、 苯磺 酰基或者 _6垸基 -苯磺酰基;
R R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7和 R8各自独立地为氢、 _6垸基、 _6卤代垸基、 C2_6烯基、 C2_6炔基、 d_6垸氧基、 C3_6环垸基、 卤素或者苯基。
在另一优选例中, 所述的 R7为氢、 三氟甲磺酰基、 甲基磺酰基或者对甲基苯 磺酰基。
在另一优选例中, R1为氢、 _6垸基、 d_6卤代垸基或者苯基。
本发明的萃取剂来源方便, 萃取剂合成方法简便且成本低, 如采用 Skraup反 应合成(Schenkel, Η·; Schenkel, M. Helv. Chim. Acta, 1944, 27, 1456), Diels-Alder 反应合成(Collis, G. E.; Burrell, A. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46, 3653) , Combes反 应合成 (Combes, A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1988, 49, 89), 或者金属钯催化的反应合成 (Piecheowska, J.; Gryko, D. T. J. Org. Chem. 201 1 , 76, 10220)。 萃取有机相
本发明的萃取有机相优选包含本发明的萃取剂, 以及协萃剂和稀释剂。
所述萃取有机相可用于分离萃取锂同位素; 优选地, 可从含锂离子的碱性水 相中分离锂同位素, 其中, 所述的含锂离子的碱性水相包括 (但不限于): 锂盐 (如 LiCl、 LiBr、 Lil、 Li2SO4、 Li2CO3、 LiNO3、 Li3PO4、 LiSCN、 CF3COOLi、 LiOH 等)和强碱 (如氢氧化钠等)的混合水溶液。 优选地, 所述的锂盐的浓度为 0.01-10 mol/L, 较佳地为 0.1-1.5 mol/L。 所述的强碱的浓度为 0.5-15 mol/L, 较佳地为 2-7 mol/L。
所述的协萃剂包括含磷化合物、 含氮化合物 (包括季胺盐化合物等)、 垸基季 锍盐化合物 (所述的垸基季锍盐化合物优选为 _36垸基季锍盐化合物; 较佳地为 C^o垸基季锍盐化合物; 更佳地为 CM()垸基季锍盐化合物)或者亚砜化合物。 优 选地, 所述的协萃剂为中性含磷化合物、 季胺盐化合物、 长链垸基季锍盐化合物 或者中性亚砜化合物, 例如包括 (但不限于): 磷酸三丁酯 (TBP)、 三辛基氧化膦 (TOPO), 丁基膦酸二丁酯 (DBBP)、 二丁基磷酸丁酯 (BDBP)、 甲撑四丁基双磷酸 酯、 三辛基氧化胺、 1,10-菲罗啉、 季铵盐 N263、 二甲基二 (N-十八垸基)氯化铵、 氯化甲基二辛基锍盐、 二辛基亚砜等。 这类协萃剂易溶于有机相, 容易与萃取剂 共同作用萃取锂离子, 可显著提高萃取率。 同时该协萃剂的来源方便, 成本远低 于亲水性离子液体。 在反萃过程中本发明所述的协萃剂还可以与萃取剂同时回收 再生, 循环利用。
所述的稀释剂包括 (但不限于 煤油、 辛酮、 氯仿、 四氯化碳、 甲苯、 二甲 苯、 二乙苯、 溴苯、 苯甲醚、 硝基甲垸、 2-甲基环己酮、 甲基异丁酮、 氯苯、 二 氯苯、 三氯苯、 二苯醚等有机溶剂、 或其组合。
优选地, 所述的萃取剂的浓度为 0.01-10mol/L, 较佳地为 0.1-1 mol/L; 和 /或 所述的协萃剂的浓度 0.1-10mol/L, 较佳地为 0.05-2 mol/L。
应理解, 本发明的萃取有机相还可含一定量的锂离子, 当然, 锂离子的含量 是少量的, 不足以影响该萃取有机相对锂同位素的萃取效率。 较佳地, 所述的锂 离子的含量为 0-2.0 mol/L; 更佳地为 0.01-0.5 mol/L 用于分离锂同位素的体系
本发明提供了一种用于分离锂同位素的体系 (或称萃取体系或分离体系) , 其包含本发明所述的萃取有机相, 以及含锂离子的碱性水相。 在另一优选例中, 所述的含锂离子的碱性水相为含锂盐和强碱的水溶液。 在另一优选例中, 所述的锂盐包括 (但不限于): LiCl、 LiBr、 Lil、 Li2SO4、 Li2CO3、 LiNO3、 Li3PO4、 LiSCN、 CF3COOLi、 LiOH等; 优选地, 所述的锂盐的 浓度为 0.01-10 mol/L, 较佳地为 0.1-1.5 mol/L。
在另一优选例中, 所述的强碱包括 (但不限于): 氢氧化钠、 氢氧化钾等; 所 述的强碱的浓度为 0.5-15 mol/L, 较佳地为 2-7 mol/L。
在另一优选例中,所述的萃取有机相和含锂离子的碱性水相的体积比为 1-10:
1-3。 萃取原理
本发明萃取剂的分子结构的特点为在苯并喹啉的 10-位具有 Z-H取代基; 所述 的" Z-H取代基 "为羟基、 巯基或者被一个 R9所取代的胺基 (即 Z为 O、 S或者 NR9)。 所述的 "Z-H取代基 "具有较高的质子酸性, 在碱性条件下失去质子后, 从而相应地 形成氧负离子、 硫负离子或者氮负离子, 前述三种负离子均能与锂阳离子结合, 并形成强烈的 Z-Li键。
在从含锂离子的碱性水相中分离锂同位素的过程中, 萃取剂和锂离子可形成 锂离子螯合物 (或称为"萃取剂 -锂螯合物" )。
例如, 在协萃剂 (L)的帮助下, 萃取剂和锂离子可进一步形成结构如式 (Ila)或 者式 (lib)
Figure imgf000011_0001
(Ila) (lib)
当协萃剂 (L)为中性含磷化合物、 中性含氮化合物或者中性亚砜化合物时, 萃 取剂与锂离子及协萃剂将形成式 (Ila)所示的锂离子螯合物; 而当协萃剂为季铵盐 型含氮化合物或者季锍盐化合物时, 将形成 (lib)所示的锂离子螯合物。 所述的 "萃取剂-锂螯合物 "会进入有机相, 从而完成了萃取过程。
所述的"萃取剂 -锂螯合物"均具有较强的 Z-Li键, 在其他辅助原子的配位下, 使得锂同位素离子在有机相和在水相中的化学环境大为不同, 从而产生显著的同 位素分离效应, 具有较大的分离系数 α值。 同时, 这种较强的 Z-Li键, 使得同位素 交换过程迅速, 有机相更易于富集 7Li, 从而有利于 7Li和 6Li的分离。 这与传统的 锂汞齐分离方法相比, 具有显著的区别和改进。 萃取方法
本发明所述的用于分离锂同位素的方法, 包括步骤:
(1) 萃取:
(1.1) 提供本发明的萃取有机相;
(1.2) 提供含锂离子的碱性水相;
在另一优选例中, 所述的含锂离子的碱性水相为含锂盐和强碱的水溶液。 在另一优选例中, 所述的锂盐包括 (但不限于): LiCl、 LiBr、 Lil、 Li2SO4、 Li2CO3、 LiNO3、 Li3PO4、 LiSCN、 CF3COOLi、 LiOH等; 优选地, 所述的锂盐的 浓度为 0.01-10 mol/L, 较佳地为 0.1-1.5 mol/L。
在另一优选例中, 所述的强碱包括 (但不限于): 氢氧化钠、 氢氧化钾等; 所 述的强碱的浓度为 0.5-15 mol/L, 较佳地为 2-7 mol/L。
(1.3) 混合所述的萃取有机相和水相,分层, 收集有机相,所述有机相中含"萃 取剂-锂螯合物";
优选地, 所述的萃取有机相和水相的体积比为 1-10 : 1-3。
其中, 当萃取有机相和水相混合后, 萃取有机相中的萃取剂会与水相中的锂 离子形成"萃取剂-锂螯合物", 并进入有机相中, 从而形成含"萃取剂 -锂螯合物" 的有机相。
(2) 反萃:
用反萃剂对前述步骤得到的含"萃取剂 -锂螯合物"有机相进行反萃处理, 收集 水相, 从而得到分离后的富集锂同位素的溶液, 进而得到分离后的锂离子。
优选地, 所述含 "萃取剂-锂螯合物 "的有机相和反萃剂的体积比为 1-8: 1-10。 所述的反萃剂包括 (但不限于): 钠盐 (如 NaCl、 NaBr、 Nal、 Na2SO4、 NaNO3 等)水溶液、铵盐 (如 NH4C1、(NH4)2SO4、 NH4NO3等)水溶液、钾盐 (如 KC1、 K2SO4 等)水溶液。
该反萃过程具有高效、 快速的优点, 一次反萃率可达到 75%, 两次反萃率可 达到 98%以上, 三次反萃率达到 99%, 反萃效率远高于 CN201 1 10425430.4所报道 的一次反萃率 12%和十五次反萃率 99.1%。 通过高效快速的反萃转相, 萃取剂和协 萃剂可回收循环使用, 反萃后收集水溶液即为富集 7Li的溶液。 单级萃取分离试验
单级萃取分离试验考察了萃取剂的基本性能, 即一次萃取产生了一个分离系 数 α值, 本发明所述的萃取剂具有较高分离系数 α值, 可达到 1.022以上。 同时, 反 萃剂温和无污染, 反萃效率高, 萃取剂和协萃剂很容易再生转相循环。
一种优选的单级萃取分离方法包括步骤:
1. 萃取:
1.1 提供一萃取有机相, 例如包含: 萃取剂 0.1 -1 mol/L, 协萃剂 0.05-2 mol/L, 稀释剂为前述的有机溶剂;
1.2 提供一含锂离子的碱性水相: 例如包含: 锂盐 0.1 -1.5 mol/L, 氢氧化钠或 氢氧化钾 2-7 mol/L。
1.3 确定两相相比 (如 1-10 : 1-3), 采用合适的仪器得到两相样品, 例如, 采用 通过分液漏斗振荡一段时间 (如 1-5分钟), 静止一段时间 (如 5分钟)分层, 分得二相 样品; 或采用高效离心萃取器, 按 1- 10: 1 -3的流比连续加料和出料, 取得出口的 两相作为样品。
1.4 测试分离系数和分配比
优选地, 可采用电感耦合等离子质谱测定两相中 7Li/6Li的比值, 从而计算单 级分离系数。
优选地, 可采用火焰光度法测得锂离子在两相中的浓度, 从而计算分配比。 2. 反萃:
有机相中加入反萃剂水溶液 (如 0.1-2 mol/L), 确定两相相比 (如 1-8: 1-10), 进 行分相, 反萃数次 (如 2-3次), 有机相中富集 7Li的产品转入反萃水相, 萃取剂和协 萃剂得以再生循环。 多级富集工艺
多级富集工艺是实现同位素多次累积富集的必经方法, 如要从天然的 92.5% 的 7Li原料,在全回流条件下,富集得到 99.995%的 7Li产品,需要 340级的累积富集。 本发明的萃取剂化学稳定性好, 实现了锂同位素的多次累积富集, 且显著减 少了累积的级数 (或次数)。 例如采用 156台混合澄清槽作为萃取设备, 经过 500小 时的长期运转, 实现了锂同位素的多级富集分离, 7Li的丰度从 95.60%富集上升到 98.47%。 或者, 采用离心萃取器作为萃取设备, 也实现了 25级锂同位素的多级富 集, 7Li的丰度从 92.5%富集上升到 95.0%。 本发明主要具有如下优点:
(1) 本发明提供了一类苯并喹啉类萃取剂, 以及一种采用含本发明萃取剂以 及协萃剂和稀释剂的萃取有机相。
所述萃取剂的分子结构中具有 Z-H取代基, 在碱性条件下, 在协萃剂的协助 下, 所述萃取剂易与锂离子形成强烈的 Z-Li键, 从而形成"萃取剂-锂螯合物"。 所 述萃取剂毒性小, 且在长时间的 (超过 500小时)单级或多级萃取分离试验中表现出 了优良的化学稳定性, 易于反萃再生、 循环使用。
(2) 本发明提供一种从锂离子的碱性水溶液中分离锂同位素的方法, 所述方 法包括萃取和反萃步骤, 其中反萃剂温和无污染, 反萃过程高效、 迅速, 大大节 省了多级富集实验的成本。
与仅有的工业化的汞齐法相比, 本发明的萃取方法避免了使用剧毒汞, 因此, 该方法绿色环保, 降低了锂同位素分离的成本, 经济效益高。 下面结合具体实施, 进一步阐述本发明。 应理解, 这些实施例仅用于说明本 发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法, 通 常按照常规条件, 或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。 除非另外说明, 否则百分比和 份数按重量计算。 实施例 1 单级萃取分离试验
萃取:
萃取有机相:萃取剂: 0.5 mol/L 7-甲氧基 -10-羟基苯并喹啉;协萃剂: 0.3 mol/L N263 ; 稀释剂: 氯仿。
水相: 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 6 mol/L NaOH
相比: 1 : 1(有机相与水相的体积比)
萃取有机相和水相加入分液漏斗中振荡 5分钟, 静止 5分钟分层, 收集两相分 别作为萃取后的有机相和水相; 或采用高效离心萃取器, 按 1 : 1的流比连续加料 和出料, 取得出口的两相分别作为萃取后的有机相和水相。
测得萃取后的有机相中 7Li/6Li = 14.436, 萃取后的水相中 7Li/6Li = 14.1 12, 即 单级分离系数 α值 = 14.436/14.1 12 = 1.023。
测得萃取后的有机相中锂离子浓度 0.12 mol/L, 萃取后的水相中 0.08 mol/L, 萃取分配比 D = 0.12/0.08 = 1.5, 即一次萃取率为 60%。
反萃:
萃取后的有机相用 1 mol/L的 NaCl水溶液 (反萃剂)反萃, 相比 1 : 1 (萃取后的有 机相与反萃水相的体积比), 反萃三次, 萃取后的有机相中富集 7Li的产品转入反萃 水相, 萃取剂和协萃剂得以再生循环。 并测得三次反萃率为 99%。
实施例 2 单级萃取分离试验
萃取:
萃取方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用以下条件:
萃取有机相: 萃取剂: 0.3 mol/L 10-羟基苯并喹啉; 协萃剂: 0.6 mol/L三辛基 氧化膦 (TOPO) ; 稀释剂: 二氯苯。
水相: 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 4 mol/L NaOH
相比: 2: 1
测得萃取分配比 D = 1 .6, 即一次萃取率 62%, 单级分离系数 α值 = 1.022。 反萃:
反萃方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用反萃剂: 1 mol/L Na2SO4 ;
测得三次反萃率为 99%。
实施例 3 单级萃取分离试验
萃取:
萃取方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用以下条件:
萃取有机相: 萃取剂: 0.4 mol/L 10-羟基苯并喹啉; 协萃剂: 0.3 mol/L 季铵 盐 N263 ; 稀释剂: 三氯苯。
水相: 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 4.8 mol/L NaOH
相比: 1 : 1
测得萃取分配比 D = 1.7, 即一次萃取率 63%, 单级分离系数 α值 = 1.022。 反萃:
反萃方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用反萃剂: 1 mol/L NH4C1;
测得三次反萃率为 99%。 实施例 4 单级萃取分离试验
萃取:
萃取方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用以下条件:
萃取有机相: 萃取剂: 0.6 mol/L 2,4-二甲基 -10-羟基苯并喹啉; 协萃剂: 1.0 mol/L三辛基氧化膦 (TOPO); 稀释剂: 辛酮。
水相: 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 4 mol/L KOH
相比: 2: 1
测得萃取分配比 D = 1.1, 即一次萃取率 52%, 单级分离系数 α值 = 1.023。 反萃:
反萃方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用反萃剂: 1 mol/L NH4C1;
测得三次反萃率为 99%。 实施例 5 单级萃取分离试验
萃取:
萃取方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用以下条件:
萃取有机相: 萃取剂: 0.4 mol/L 9-丙基 -10-羟基苯并喹啉; 协萃剂: 0.8 mol/L
N263 ; 稀释剂: 二氯苯。
水相: 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 5 mol/L NaOH
相比: 1 : 1
测得萃取分配比 D = 1.4, 即一次萃取率 58%, 单级分离系数 α值 = 1.023。 反萃:
反萃方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用反萃剂: 1 mol/L NH4C1;
测得三次反萃率为 99%。 实施例 6 单级萃取分离试验
萃取:
萃取方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用以下条件:
萃取有机相:萃取剂: 0.4 mol/L 9-异丁基 -10-羟基苯并喹啉;协萃剂: 0.8 mol/L 二甲基二 (N-十八垸基)氯化铵; 稀释剂: 二氯苯。
水相: 0.2 mol/L Li2SO4; 5 mol/L KOH
相比: 3: 1
测得萃取分配比 D = 0.8, 即一次萃取率 44%, 单级分离系数 α值 = 1.024。 反萃- 反萃方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用反萃剂: l mol/L NH4Cl;
测得三次反萃率为 99%。
实施例 1 单级萃取分离试验
萃取:
萃取方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用以下条件:
萃取有机相: 萃取剂: 0.4 mol/L 7-三氟甲基 -10-羟基苯并喹啉; 协萃剂: 0.8 mol/L季铵盐 N263 ; 稀释剂: 二氯苯。
水相: 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 5 mol/L NaOH
相比: 1 : 1
测得萃取分配比 D = 1.9, 即一次萃取率 66%, 单级分离系数 α值 = 1.025。 反萃:
反萃方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用反萃剂: l mol/L NH4Cl;
测得三次反萃率为 99%。
实施例 8 单级萃取分离试验
萃取:
萃取方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用以下条件:
萃取有机相: 萃取剂: 0.4 mol/L 5-氯 -10-羟基苯并喹啉; 协萃剂: 0.8 mol/L 氯化甲基二辛基锍盐; 稀释剂: 二氯苯。
水相: 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 5 mol/L NaOH
相比: 1 : 1
测得萃取分配比 D = 1.6, 即一次萃取率 62%, 单级分离系数 α值 = 1.023。 反萃:
反萃方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用反萃剂: 1 mol/L (NH4)2SO4 ;
测得三次反萃率为 99%。 实施例 9 单级萃取分离试验
萃取:
萃取方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用以下条件:
萃取有机相: 萃取剂: 0.4 mol/L 5-氟 -9-甲氧基 -10-羟基苯并喹啉; 协萃剂: 0.8 mol/L N263 ; 稀释剂: 二氯苯。
水相: 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 5 mol/L KOH
相比: 1 : 1
测得萃取分配比 D = 1.5, 即一次萃取率 60%, 单级分离系数 α值 = 1.028。 反萃:
反萃方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用反萃剂: 1 mol/L (NH4)2SO4 ;
测得三次反萃率为 99%。
实施例 10 单级萃取分离试验
萃取:
萃取方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用以下条件:
萃取有机相: 萃取剂: 0.4 mol/L 6-甲基 -7-溴 -10-巯基苯并喹啉; 协萃剂: 0.4 mol/L N263; 稀释剂: 三氯苯。
水相: 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 5 mol/L NaOH
相比: 1 : 1
测得萃取分配比 D = 0.7, 即一次萃取率 42%, 单级分离系数 α值 = 1.022。 反萃:
反萃方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用反萃剂: 1 mol/L NH4C1;
测得三次反萃率为 99%。
实施例 11 单级萃取分离试验
萃取:
萃取方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用以下条件:
萃取有机相: 萃取剂: 0.4 mol/L 10-(N-三氟甲磺酰基)胺基苯并喹啉; 协萃剂: 1.0 mol/L二丁基磷酸丁酯 (BDBP); 稀释剂: 二氯苯。
水相: 0.2 mol/L LiCl; 5 mol/L NaOH
相比: 3: 1 测得萃取分配比 D = 1.5, 即一次萃取率 60%, 单级分离系数 α值 = 1.023。 反萃:
反萃方法同实施例 1, 不同的是采用反萃剂: 1 mol/L NH4C1;
测得三次反萃率为 99%。
实施例 12 4级逆流萃取试验:
采用如下条件:
萃取有机相: 萃取剂: 0.5 mol/L 6-甲基 -10-羟基苯并喹啉; 协萃剂: 0.3 mol/L N263 ; 稀释剂: 二氯苯。
水相: 0.6 mol/L LiCl; 5 mol/L NaOH
相比: 3.8: 1
进行 4级逆流萃取试验, 考察了萃取剂的综合萃取性能, 4级逆流萃取后, 水 相锂浓度小于 2.5* 10—4 mol/L, 萃取率达 99.96%, 实现了锂离子的高效萃取。
萃取结果如表 1所示。
表 1
Figure imgf000019_0001
实施例 13 8级逆流萃取试验:
采用如下条件:
萃取有机相: 萃取剂: 0.5 mol/L 10-羟基苯并喹啉; 协萃剂: 0.3 mol/L 氯化 甲基二辛基锍盐; 稀释剂: 二氯苯。
水相: 0.62 mol/L LiCl; 5.2 mol/L NaOH
相比: 3.6: 1
进行 8级逆流萃取试验, 考察了萃取剂的综合萃取性能, 8级逆流萃取后, 水 相锂浓度小于 8.2* 10—5 mol/L, 萃取率达 99.99%, 实现了锂离子的高效萃取。
萃取平衡线如图 1所示。 实施例 14 25级离心萃取器富集锂同位素工艺试验 采用如下条件:
萃取有机相: 萃取剂: 0.5 mol/L 6-甲基 -10-羟基苯并喹啉; 协萃剂: 0.3 mol/L 氯化甲基二辛基锍盐; 稀释剂: 二氯苯。
水相: 0.6 mol/L Li2SO4; 5 mol/L NaOH
流比: 3.8: 1
进行 25级离心萃取器富集锂同位素工艺试验, 考察了萃取剂的萃取、 富集、 反萃等多项综合性能, 经过长期试验运转, 萃取剂化学稳定性好, 锂同位素实现 了多级富集分离, 从初始 7Li 同位素丰度 92.5%, 富集后上升到 95.0%。 综上所述:
本发明的锂同位素分离体系, 锂离子的分配比 D值高 (可达到 1.9), 一次萃取 率可达到 66%, 远高于 CN2011 10425430.4所报道萃取有机相的一次萃取率(约 15.2%-19.0%); 萃取有机相易于富集 7Li, 且分离系数 α值高 (可达 1.028), 显著优于 现有的其他溶剂萃取体系 (一般 < 1.010); 并实现了锂同位素的多级富集。 在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考, 就如同每一篇文献被 单独引用作为参考那样。 此外应理解, 在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后, 本 领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改, 这些等价形式同样落于本申请所 附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种用于分离锂同位素的萃取有机相, 其特征在于, 所述的萃取有机相包 含: 稀释剂以及作为萃取剂的 (I)所示的化合物;
Figure imgf000021_0001
式中,
Z为氧原子、 硫原子或者被 R9所取代的氮原子, 其中, R9为氢、 _6垸基 -磺酰 基、 _6卤代垸基-磺酰基、 苯磺酰基或者 d_6垸基 -苯磺酰基;
R R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7和 R8各自独立地为氢、 _6垸基、 _6卤代垸基、 C2_6烯基、 C2_6炔基、 d_6垸氧基、 C3_6环垸基、 卤素或者苯基。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的萃取剂有机相, 其特征在于, 所述的萃取有机相还含 协萃剂。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的萃取剂有机相, 其特征在于, 所述的协萃剂为含磷化 合物、 含氮化合物、 垸基季锍盐化合物或者亚砜化合物。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的萃取有机相, 其特征在于, 所述的协萃剂包括: 磷酸 三丁酯、 三辛基氧化膦、 丁基膦酸二丁酯、 二丁基磷酸丁酯、 甲撑四丁基双磷酸 酯、 三辛基氧化胺、 1,10-菲罗啉、 季铵盐 N263、 二甲基二 (N-十八垸基)氯化铵、 氯化甲基二辛基锍盐或者二辛基亚砜。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的萃取有机相, 其特征在于, 所述的稀释剂包括: 煤油、 辛酮、 氯仿、 四氯化碳、 甲苯、 二甲苯、 二乙苯、 溴苯、 苯甲醚、 硝基甲垸、 2- 甲基环己酮、 甲基异丁酮、 氯苯、 二氯苯、 三氯苯、 二苯醚、 或其组合。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的萃取有机相, 其特征在于, 所述的萃取有机相还含锂 离子。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的萃取有机相的用途, 其特征在于, 用于分离 7Li和 6Li 的工艺。
8. 一种用于分离锂同位素的体系,其特征在于,所述体系包含如权利要求 1-6 任一项所述的萃取有机相, 以及含锂离子的碱性水相。
9. 如权利要求 8所述的体系的用途, 其特征在于, 用于分离 7Li和 6Li的工 艺。
10. 一种锂离子螯合物, 其特征在于, 所述锂离子螯合物包含: 协萃剂、 锂 离子、 以及作为萃取剂的式 (I
Figure imgf000022_0001
式中,
Z为氧原子、 硫原子或者被 R9所取代的氮原子, 其中, R9为氢、 _6垸基 -磺酰 基、 _6卤代垸基-磺酰基、 苯磺酰基或者 d_6垸基 -苯磺酰基;
R R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7和 R8各自独立地为氢、 d_6垸基、 _6卤代垸基、 C2_6烯基、 C2_6炔基、 d_6垸氧基、 C3_6环垸基、 卤素或者苯基。
1 1. 一种从含锂离子的碱性水相中分离锂同位素的方法, 其特征在于, 包括 步骤:
(1) 萃取:
(1.1) 提供如权利要求 1-6任一项所述的萃取有机相;
(1.2) 提供含锂离子的碱性水相;
(1.3) 混合步骤(1.1)所述的的萃取有机相和步骤(1.2)所述的碱性水相后, 分 层, 收集有机相, 所述有机相含权利要求 10所述的锂离子螯合物;
(2) 反萃:
用反萃剂对前述步骤得到的有机相进行反萃处理, 收集水相, 从而得到分离 后的锂同位素。
12. 一种用于分离锂同位 结构如式 (I)所示:
Figure imgf000022_0002
其中,
Z为氧原子、 硫原子或者被 R9所取代的氮原子, 其中, R9为氢、 _6垸基 -磺酰 基、 _6卤代垸基-磺酰基、 苯磺酰基或者 d_6垸基 -苯磺酰基;
R R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7和 R8各自独立地为氢、 d_6垸基、 _6卤代垸基、
C2_6烯基、 C2_6炔基、 d_6垸氧基、 C3_6环垸基、 卤素或者苯基;
Figure imgf000023_0001
PCT/CN2013/075340 2012-11-05 2013-05-08 一种用于分离锂同位素的萃取剂及其应用 WO2014067278A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13852245.3A EP2915576B1 (en) 2012-11-05 2013-05-08 Extracting agent for separating lithium isotopes and use thereof
JP2015540018A JP6209219B2 (ja) 2012-11-05 2013-05-08 リチウム同位体分離用抽出剤およびその応用
US14/440,473 US9926618B2 (en) 2012-11-05 2013-05-08 Extracting agent for separating lithium isotopes and use thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201210437155.2 2012-11-05
CN201210437155.2A CN103801194B (zh) 2012-11-05 2012-11-05 一种用于分离锂同位素的萃取剂及其应用

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014067278A1 true WO2014067278A1 (zh) 2014-05-08

Family

ID=50626403

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2013/075340 WO2014067278A1 (zh) 2012-11-05 2013-05-08 一种用于分离锂同位素的萃取剂及其应用

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9926618B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2915576B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6209219B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN103801194B (zh)
WO (1) WO2014067278A1 (zh)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112058088A (zh) * 2020-09-10 2020-12-11 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 基于多级振荡的锂同位素的萃取分离方法
CN112516795A (zh) * 2020-11-16 2021-03-19 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 用于沉淀分离锂同位素的体系
CN112657336A (zh) * 2020-12-03 2021-04-16 郑州大学 一种稳定同位素浮游萃取精密分离的方法

Families Citing this family (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104147929B (zh) * 2013-06-17 2017-04-19 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 一种生产锂‑7同位素的回流串级新工艺
CN104178646B (zh) * 2014-09-09 2016-05-11 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 一种确定锂离子萃取速率方程的方法
CN104607046B (zh) * 2015-02-11 2016-11-02 中国科学院上海高等研究院 一种利用膜萃取进行锂同位素分离富集的方法和装置
CN106082283A (zh) * 2016-06-15 2016-11-09 青海柴达木兴华锂盐有限公司 一种从盐湖卤水中萃取氯化锂的方法
CN108854537B (zh) * 2017-05-15 2020-03-10 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 一种液液萃取分离锂同位素的工艺
CN108854534B (zh) * 2017-05-15 2020-03-06 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 冠醚萃取分离锂同位素的工艺
CN108854535B (zh) * 2017-05-15 2019-12-31 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 分离锂同位素的分流萃取工艺
CN108103317B (zh) * 2017-12-22 2020-05-12 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 一种从含锂废液中回收锂的方法
CN109055743B (zh) * 2018-08-01 2020-12-08 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 一种萃取组合物及其应用
CN109851567B (zh) * 2019-03-08 2022-08-09 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 吡嗪类化合物及其应用
CN109706323B (zh) * 2019-03-08 2021-06-08 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 苯并杂环类化合物及其应用
CN110331286B (zh) * 2019-07-10 2021-05-04 青海柴达木兴华锂盐有限公司 烷基氧膦类化合物的应用以及从盐湖卤水中萃取锂的方法
CN112452150A (zh) * 2019-09-06 2021-03-09 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 一种锂同位素的分离富集方法
CN112452151A (zh) * 2019-09-06 2021-03-09 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 一种锂同位素的分离富集方法
CN113262638B (zh) * 2020-02-14 2023-07-21 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 一种分离富集7Li同位素的方法
CN113262637B (zh) * 2020-02-14 2023-10-17 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 一种电迁移分离富集6Li同位素的方法
CN113262636B (zh) * 2020-02-14 2024-04-05 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 一种萃取-电迁移耦合分离富集7Li同位素的方法
CN111850297B (zh) * 2020-07-21 2022-04-19 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 锂同位素的萃取分离方法
CN111841325B (zh) * 2020-07-21 2022-04-19 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 用于分离锂同位素的萃取体系
CN112058090B (zh) * 2020-09-10 2024-04-12 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 多级气浮萃取分离锂同位素的体系
CN114317960B (zh) * 2020-09-29 2023-08-11 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 一种萃取锂离子的萃取体系及其应用
CN112403032A (zh) * 2020-11-18 2021-02-26 中国核动力研究设计院 一种均匀性水溶液核反应堆燃料溶液中99Mo、131I共提取的方法
CN112619417A (zh) * 2020-12-17 2021-04-09 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 基于多级振荡的萃取分离富集7Li的方法
CN112742220B (zh) * 2020-12-22 2023-05-30 中国科学院江西稀土研究院 一种聚合物包容膜及其制备方法和应用
CN115710637A (zh) * 2021-08-23 2023-02-24 中国科学院过程工程研究所 一种萃取剂及其在锂铷铯提取中的应用
WO2024080134A1 (ja) * 2022-10-14 2024-04-18 京都フュージョニアリング株式会社 リチウム同位体分離方法及びリチウム同位体分離装置
CN115784273B (zh) * 2022-10-18 2024-04-02 广东台泉科技股份有限公司 一种多级碳酸锂的提取工艺

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20120031771A (ko) * 2010-09-27 2012-04-04 삼성모바일디스플레이주식회사 금속 착체 화합물 및 이를 포함하는 유기 발광 장치
CN102430338A (zh) * 2011-12-16 2012-05-02 江南大学 锂同位素水溶液萃取分离的方法

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2855191C2 (de) * 1978-12-21 1982-12-23 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Trennung von Isotopen
JPH01184027A (ja) * 1988-01-14 1989-07-21 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol リチウム同位体分離法
JP2718466B2 (ja) * 1994-11-17 1998-02-25 工業技術院長 ビスキノリノール誘導体及びビスベンゾキノリノール誘導体
JP2847182B2 (ja) * 1996-10-14 1999-01-13 工業技術院長 リチウム同位体分離剤及びリチウム同位体の分離方法
JP3020146B2 (ja) * 1997-06-30 2000-03-15 工業技術院長 リチウム同位体分離剤及びそれを用いたリチウム同位体の分離方法
JPH11104401A (ja) * 1997-10-02 1999-04-20 Natl Inst For Res In Inorg Mater 金属イオンの高選択的分離方法
JP2004022325A (ja) * 2002-06-17 2004-01-22 Sony Corp 表示素子
KR100970713B1 (ko) * 2007-12-31 2010-07-16 다우어드밴스드디스플레이머티리얼 유한회사 유기발광화합물을 발광재료로서 채용하고 있는 전기 발광소자
KR100901888B1 (ko) * 2008-11-13 2009-06-09 (주)그라쎌 신규한 전기발광용 유기금속 화합물 및 이를 발광재료로 채용하고 있는 전기발광소자

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20120031771A (ko) * 2010-09-27 2012-04-04 삼성모바일디스플레이주식회사 금속 착체 화합물 및 이를 포함하는 유기 발광 장치
CN102430338A (zh) * 2011-12-16 2012-05-02 江南大学 锂同位素水溶液萃取分离的方法

Non-Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
COLLIS, G. E.; BURRELL, A. K., TETRAHEDRON LETT., vol. 46, 2005, pages 3653
COMBES, A., BULL. SOC. CHIM. FR., vol. 49, 1988, pages 89
PALKO, A, A ET AL., J. CHEM. PHYS, vol. 64, 1976, pages 1828
PIECHEOWSKA, J.; GRYKO, D. T., J. ORG. CHEM., vol. 76, 2011, pages 10220
SCHENKEL, H.; SCHENKEL, M., HELV. CHIM. ACTA, vol. 27, 1944, pages 1456
See also references of EP2915576A4
XIAOAN XIAO ET AL., JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR AND RADIOCHEMISTRY, vol. 13, 1991, pages 1
XU, JINGJING ET AL.: "Green and efficient extraction strategy to lithium isotope separation with double ionic liquids as the medium and ionic associated agent.", J. RADIOANAL. NUCL. CHEM., vol. 295, no. 3, 27 September 2012 (2012-09-27), pages 2103 - 2110, XP055197090 *
YANLIN JIANG ET AL., ATOMIC ENERGY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 20, 1986, pages 1
YAOHUAN CHEN, ATOMIC ENERGY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 21, 1987, pages 433
YAOHUAN CHEN, CHINESE JOURNAL OF RAREMATERIALS, vol. 2, 1983, pages 79

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112058088A (zh) * 2020-09-10 2020-12-11 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 基于多级振荡的锂同位素的萃取分离方法
CN112516795A (zh) * 2020-11-16 2021-03-19 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 用于沉淀分离锂同位素的体系
CN112516795B (zh) * 2020-11-16 2024-03-26 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 用于沉淀分离锂同位素的体系
CN112657336A (zh) * 2020-12-03 2021-04-16 郑州大学 一种稳定同位素浮游萃取精密分离的方法
CN112657336B (zh) * 2020-12-03 2023-10-17 郑州大学 一种稳定同位素浮游萃取精密分离的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2915576A4 (en) 2016-05-11
US20150299822A1 (en) 2015-10-22
US9926618B2 (en) 2018-03-27
JP6209219B2 (ja) 2017-10-04
EP2915576A1 (en) 2015-09-09
CN103801194B (zh) 2017-08-29
EP2915576B1 (en) 2019-07-03
JP2015536234A (ja) 2015-12-21
CN103801194A (zh) 2014-05-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2014067278A1 (zh) 一种用于分离锂同位素的萃取剂及其应用
WO2014201890A1 (zh) 一种生产锂-7同位素的回流串级新工艺
CN111841325B (zh) 用于分离锂同位素的萃取体系
CN102430338B (zh) 锂同位素水溶液萃取分离的方法
CN105536537A (zh) 一种萃取锂同位素的方法
CN111850297B (zh) 锂同位素的萃取分离方法
CN112058090B (zh) 多级气浮萃取分离锂同位素的体系
CN105498542B (zh) 萃取锂同位素的方法
CN109260950A (zh) 一种锂同位素的分离富集方法
CN105536707B (zh) 一种分离锂同位素的材料及其制备方法和应用
CN111945017B (zh) 一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法
CN108854535A (zh) 分离锂同位素的分流萃取工艺
Zhu et al. Lithium isotope separation using 4′-acetylbenzo-15-crown-5 and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis [(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl] imide in the synergistic extraction system
CN112058089A (zh) 基于多级振荡的锂同位素的萃取分离体系
CN108085490B (zh) 萃取组合物及富集锂的方法
CN108854537A (zh) 一种液液萃取分离锂同位素的工艺
JP5710974B2 (ja) クラスターボロンの調製方法
CN104140379B (zh) 一种含氟萃取剂及其应用
CN112058087B (zh) 多级气浮萃取分离锂同位素的方法
Niu et al. Mechanism and process study of lithium extraction by 2-ethylhexyl salicylate extraction system
Wang et al. Extraction performance of Eu 3+ by using heterocyclic N-donor ligands with different structures in ionic liquids: an experimental and theoretical study
CN112619417A (zh) 基于多级振荡的萃取分离富集7Li的方法
CN112516795B (zh) 用于沉淀分离锂同位素的体系
CN112516794B (zh) 用于沉淀分离锂同位素的方法
CN114672667B (zh) 一种深共晶溶液萃取体系分离制备锂-6和锂-7的方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 13852245

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2015540018

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 14440473

Country of ref document: US

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2013852245

Country of ref document: EP