WO2014034128A1 - 鉄心用方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
鉄心用方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014034128A1 WO2014034128A1 PCT/JP2013/005124 JP2013005124W WO2014034128A1 WO 2014034128 A1 WO2014034128 A1 WO 2014034128A1 JP 2013005124 W JP2013005124 W JP 2013005124W WO 2014034128 A1 WO2014034128 A1 WO 2014034128A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
- H01F1/14775—Fe-Si based alloys in the form of sheets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet used for transformer core applications and a method for manufacturing the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent magnetic flux density and iron loss by optimizing the annealing conditions before final cold rolling.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that the iron loss W 17/50 , which was 0.80 W / kg or more before irradiation, is reduced to 0.65 W / kg or less by irradiating a plasma arc to the steel sheet after secondary recrystallization. Techniques for reducing are shown.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a technique for obtaining a transformer material with low iron loss and low noise by optimizing the film thickness and the average width of magnetic domain discontinuities formed on the steel plate surface by electron beam irradiation. It is shown.
- JP 2012-1741 A Japanese Patent Publication No. 06-22179 JP 2011-246782 JP JP 2012-52230 A JP 2003-27196 A JP 2007-2334 JP 2005-248291 A JP 2008-106288 A JP 2008-127632 A
- the low iron loss material with grooves shown in the above-mentioned patent document 2 is applied to a steel plate that has been subdivided into magnetic domains by introducing thermal strain with a plasma arc or laser, etc., in the process of manufacturing a wound transformer.
- This is advantageous in that the magnetic domain refinement effect does not disappear even after strain relief annealing.
- the magnetic domain subdivision by the groove formation has a problem that the effect of reducing the iron loss is slightly small, and the magnetic flux density is reduced by the volume reduction of the ground iron by the groove formation.
- Transformers that use grain-oriented electrical steel sheets are not necessarily used only for excitation at 1.7T, but small transformers are used with a magnetic flux density of about 1.5T, while large transformers use 1.8T. It is often used in a magnetic flux density range exceeding.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet used for iron cores such as transformers preferably has a low iron loss over a magnetic flux density range of about 1.5T to 1.9T. .
- Fig. 1 shows the effect of excitation magnetic flux density on transformer iron loss in different samples.
- samples A and B show the same iron loss, but when excited at 1.5T and 1.9T, there is a clear difference between the iron losses of samples A and B. It can be seen that Thus, it has been clarified that a steel sheet exhibiting a good iron loss in excitation at 1.7 T is not necessarily a good iron loss under other excitation conditions.
- Examples of techniques for reducing iron loss in a magnetic flux density range other than 1.7T include those disclosed in Patent Document 5 and Patent Document 6.
- the former includes a technology for reducing the ratio of W 19/50 to W 17/50 to 1.6 or less by changing the heating rate and atmosphere during decarburization annealing as a method for producing materials that do not use the magnetic domain refinement method. It is shown.
- this technique has a problem in that, for example, the addition of Bi is necessary and the steel composition is limited, so the cost of the slab used as a raw material increases, and secondary recrystallization in the steel is not stable. is there.
- the latter shows a technique for reducing the iron loss at an excitation magnetic flux density of 1.9 T by optimizing the irradiation condition of the laser for irradiating the steel sheet.
- this technique is intended to be applied to an iron core that is subjected to strain relief annealing, as in the groove forming technique shown in the above-mentioned Patent Document 2, a recess is formed on the surface of the steel sheet. There has been a problem that the magnetic flux density is small.
- the present invention has been developed in view of the above-described situation, and has a transformer core loss in an excitation range of 1.5 to 1.9 T, and thereby provides a directional electrical steel sheet for an iron core with less energy loss during operation of the transformer. It is intended to provide with an advantageous manufacturing method.
- the inventors have conducted extensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, by optimizing the stress distribution in the steel, extremely low iron loss is obtained in all excitation magnetic flux density regions of 1.5 T or more. I found out that I could get it.
- Patent Literature 7 and Patent Literature 8 disclose a technique for reducing iron loss by optimizing the stress distribution after laser irradiation.
- Patent Document 8 shows that the steel sheet can be reduced in iron loss by setting the compressive residual stress in the rolling direction in the range of 0.02 kgf or more and 0.08 kgf or less as an integrated value in the rolling section. Yes.
- the stress (tensile stress in the plate thickness direction and compressive stress in the rolling direction) inside the steel plate is formed as a magnetic domain (auxiliary magnetic domain) different from the main magnetic domain magnetized in the rolling direction, as shown in Patent Document 7 mentioned above.
- auxiliary magnetic domain auxiliary magnetic domain
- the effect of reducing the eddy current loss works effectively to the high magnetic field region, and the low iron loss is obtained. Conceivable.
- auxiliary magnetic domain when an auxiliary magnetic domain is formed, the main magnetic domain is subdivided to reduce eddy current loss. The reason is not necessarily clear, but the depth of the auxiliary magnetic domain in the thickness direction has a strong influence on the eddy current loss, and as the depth increases, the effect of reducing eddy current loss increases. It is done. The same mechanism is considered in the groove forming material described in Non-Patent Document 1, for example.
- the inventors have not only obtained low iron loss (W 17/50 ) even if there is a strong stress of 150 MPa or more inside the steel plate, but also extremely low iron up to a high excitation magnetic flux density region up to 1.9T. We have found that a loss can be obtained. Moreover, as a stress distribution in steel, a stress of 150 MPa or more is formed in a range of 300 ⁇ m or less in the rolling direction and in a range of 42 ⁇ m or more in the plate thickness direction. In addition, it was also found that the above-mentioned effects can be obtained by forming them periodically at intervals of 2 to 10 mm or less.
- the electron beam emitted from LaB 6 has a beam diameter (measured by the slit method) of 0.2. It became clear that the beam had a very high energy density of less than mm. Conventional electron beams often use tungsten filaments and have the advantage of being inexpensive, but the beam diameter was about 0.3 mm during just focus (see Table 1).
- the laser conditions are adjusted so that the residual stress is 150 MPa or more, a large output is inevitably required. As a result, the coating on the surface of the irradiated steel plate is damaged, and the ground iron melts.
- the space factor of the iron core is lost.
- the residual stress is less than 150 MPa, the residual stress that stabilizes the reflux magnetic domain formed in the laser irradiation part is low. Therefore, especially during high magnetic field excitation, the reflux magnetic domain is considered to be advantageous for transformer iron loss.
- transformers as iron cores
- the inventors have considered that the above problem can be solved by an electron beam method that easily suppresses film damage, and conducted several experiments to clarify the following.
- it is important to irradiate an extremely high intensity beam. It was found that it is effective to use LaB 6 as the cathode material as the source. It was also found that by increasing the acceleration voltage to 90 kV or higher, damage to the film can be suppressed even when irradiated with a high-intensity beam.
- the present invention is based on the above findings.
- the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. 1. In the direction-oriented electrical steel sheet for iron cores having linear distortion in the direction of 60 to 120 ° with respect to the rolling direction in the steel sheet surface, In the vicinity of the linear strain, there is a residual stress formation region to which a residual stress of 150 MPa or more is applied in a range within 300 ⁇ m with respect to the rolling direction and in a range of 42 ⁇ m or more with respect to the plate thickness direction, A directional electrical steel sheet for iron cores having excellent transformer core loss in an excitation range of 1.5 to 1.9 T, wherein the linear distortion is periodically formed at intervals of 2 to 10 mm in the rolling direction.
- the iron core is irradiated with an electron beam applied at a voltage of 90 kV or more, and is excellent in transformer iron loss in an excitation range of 1.5 to 1.9 T.
- the iron core is irradiated with an electron beam applied at a voltage of 90 kV or more, and the transformer core loss is excellent in an excitation region of 1.5 to 1.9 T.
- a method of manufacturing a magnetic steel sheet for iron core is irradiated with an electron beam applied at a voltage of 90 kV or more, and the transformer core loss is excellent in an excitation region of 1.5 to 1.9 T.
- the component composition of the slab used in the present invention may be any component composition that causes secondary recrystallization.
- an inhibitor for example, when using an AlN-based inhibitor, Al and N, and when using an MnS / MnSe-based inhibitor, at least one of Mn, Se, and S An appropriate amount of these may be contained, and both inhibitors may be used in combination.
- Al, N, S and Se suitable for exhibiting the inhibitor effect are Al: 0.01 to 0.065 mass%, N: 0.005 to 0.012 mass%, S: 0.005 to 0.03 mass% and Se: 0.005, respectively. ⁇ 0.03% by mass.
- the present invention can also be applied to grain-oriented electrical steel sheets in which the content of Al, N, S, and Se is limited and that does not use an inhibitor.
- the amounts of Al, N, S and Se are preferably suppressed to Al: 100 mass ppm or less, N: 50 mass ppm or less, S: 50 mass ppm or less, and Se: 50 mass ppm or less, respectively.
- suitable basic components and optional additive components of the slab for grain-oriented electrical steel sheets are as follows.
- C 0.08% by mass or less
- the content is preferably 0.08% by mass or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but it can be industrially reduced to about 0.0005% by mass.
- Si 2.0-8.0% by mass Since Si is an element that increases the electric resistance of the ground iron and improves the eddy current loss, it is preferably added to 2.0% by mass or more. On the other hand, if it exceeds 8.0% by mass, the magnetic flux density is remarkably lowered, so the Si content is preferably in the range of 2.0 to 8.0% by mass.
- Mn 0.005 to 1.0 mass%
- Mn is an element necessary for improving the hot workability. However, if the content is less than 0.005% by mass, the effect of addition is poor, while if it exceeds 1.0% by mass, the magnetic flux density of the product plate decreases. Accordingly, the Mn content is preferably in the range of 0.005 to 1.0 mass%.
- Ni 0.03-1.50% by mass
- Sn 0.01-1.50% by mass
- Sb 0.005-1.50% by mass
- Cu 0.03-3.0% by mass
- P 0.03-0.50% by mass
- Mo 0.005-0.10% by mass
- Cr At least one Ni selected from 0.03 to 1.50% by mass is an element useful for improving the magnetic properties by improving the hot rolled sheet structure.
- the content is less than 0.03% by mass, the effect of improving the magnetic properties is small.
- it exceeds 1.50% by mass the secondary recrystallization becomes unstable and the magnetic properties deteriorate.
- the amount of Ni is preferably in the range of 0.03 to 1.50% by mass.
- Sn, Sb, Cu, P, Mo, and Cr are all less effective for improving the magnetic properties if they are less than the lower limit of each component described above. Since the development of the next recrystallized grains is hindered, it is preferable to contain them in the above ranges.
- the balance other than the above components is inevitable impurities and Fe mixed in the manufacturing process.
- the slab having the above-described component composition is heated to perform hot rolling.
- it may be hot-rolled immediately without heating, or in the case of a thin cast slab, the hot-rolling may be omitted and the process may proceed as it is.
- hot-rolled sheet annealing is performed as necessary.
- the range of 800 to 1100 ° C. is suitable as the hot-rolled sheet annealing temperature.
- the hot-rolled sheet annealing temperature is less than 800 ° C, a band-like structure remains in hot rolling, making it difficult to obtain a sized primary recrystallized structure and inhibiting the development of secondary recrystallization. .
- hot-rolled sheet annealing After hot-rolled sheet annealing, cold rolling is performed once or two or more times with intermediate annealing between them, and after processing to a desired sheet thickness, recrystallization annealing is performed. Thereafter, an annealing separator is applied, and final finish annealing is performed for the purpose of secondary recrystallization and forsterite film formation. It is effective to perform flattening annealing in order to correct distortion generated due to the influence of a coil set or the like during final finish annealing.
- an insulating coating is applied to the steel sheet surface before or after planarization annealing.
- this insulating coating means a coating (hereinafter referred to as tension coating) that can apply tension to a steel sheet in order to reduce iron loss.
- tension coating examples include silica-containing inorganic coating, physical vapor deposition, and ceramic coating by chemical vapor deposition.
- the magnetic domain fragmentation treatment is performed by irradiating the surface of the steel sheet with an electron beam under the following conditions on the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet after the final finish annealing or tension coating described above.
- Electron beam source material LaB 6
- LaB 6 is extremely advantageous for outputting a high-intensity beam, and is considered suitable for forming stress in steel within a predetermined range. That is, the electron beam generated from LaB 6 can be formed with a predetermined stress area deepened in the plate thickness direction and less spread in the rolling direction.
- Accelerating voltage 40-300kV
- the acceleration voltage is higher, there is an advantage that the acceleration voltage is less likely to be affected by scattering due to residual gas in the processing chamber.
- the acceleration voltage range is about 40 to 300 kV.
- the surface of the linear strain forming part is preferably an insulating film having no exposed portion of the ground iron, but an acceleration voltage of 90 kV or more is required to suppress damage to the steel sheet.
- Table 2 shows the results of film damage and residual stress on the electron beam irradiated part of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets that were subdivided into magnetic domains by irradiating an electron beam with an output of 0.6kW and beam diameter (beam half width): 0.2mm from LaB 6. Show. The beam diameter was adjusted by the working distance and the convergence current. The film damage was evaluated as ⁇ when there was no damage, and as x when there was damage.
- the residual stress (in the present invention, simply referring to the stress means a residual stress) was evaluated as ⁇ when the residual stress range of 150 MPa or more was 42 ⁇ m or more in the plate thickness direction and 300 ⁇ m or less in the rolling direction. From this, it was found that the coating damage can be suppressed if the acceleration voltage is 90 kV or higher under the conditions for forming a stress of 150 MPa.
- Line spacing 2-10mm
- the electron beam is radiated from the width end of the steel sheet to the other width end in a straight line or a point sequence, and this is periodically repeated in the rolling direction.
- This interval (line interval) needs to be 2 to 10 mm.
- the line spacing is narrow, the strain region formed in the steel becomes excessively large, and the iron loss (hysteresis loss) deteriorates.
- the line spacing is too wide, the magnetic domain refinement effect is poor and the iron loss is not improved.
- Line angle 60 to 120 °
- the angle between the rolling direction of the steel sheet and the direction from the start point to the end point of the linear irradiation is the present invention. Then, it is called a line angle.
- This line angle is 60 to 120 ° with respect to the rolling direction. If it deviates from the above range, the beam irradiation area of the steel sheet is excessively increased and the hysteresis loss is deteriorated.
- the line shape in the present invention may be not only a straight line but also a dotted line or a discontinuous line, and the line angle at that time is an angle formed by a straight line connecting the start point and the end point of the dotted line or the discontinuous line with the rolling direction.
- the residual stress in the steel is formed at a period of the point sequence interval, except when the point sequence interval is extremely small.
- the interval between the residual stress forming portions of 150 MPa or more in the direction of linear strain is 0.15 mm (150 ⁇ m) or more, extremely good iron loss is obtained at a high magnetic flux density (extremely high).
- the distance between points that exist in a line or between residual stress forming parts of 150 MPa or more between continuous lines should be 0.8 mm (800 ⁇ m) or less. It is preferable. This is because if the irradiation region (stress formation region) is excessively small, the effect of improving eddy current loss may be poor.
- Processing chamber pressure 3 Pa or less
- the processing chamber pressure is preferably 3 Pa or less.
- a lower limit is not specifically limited.
- the steel sheet according to the present invention has a linear strain in the direction of 60 to 120 ° from the rolling direction in the steel sheet surface, and the stress exists in the vicinity of the strain region, and the stress is , Compressive stress in the rolling direction, tensile stress in the thickness direction, or tensile stress in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
- the vicinity of the linear strain is where stress due to the linear strain exists as described above, but specifically, it is a region formed within 500 ⁇ m from the electron beam irradiation part.
- the magnetization direction is stabilized in terms of magnetoelastic energy when it is turned 90 ° from the compression direction in the presence of compressive stress, and is stabilized when it is turned in the tensile direction in the presence of tensile stress. To do. Therefore, when the stress is formed, the main magnetic domain originally oriented in the rolling direction becomes unstable, so that auxiliary magnetic domains oriented in another direction are formed.
- Maximum stress in steel 150 MPa or more
- the above auxiliary magnetic domain has a higher excitation region as the above-mentioned stress (compressive stress in the rolling direction, tensile stress in the thickness direction, or tensile stress in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction) is larger. It is thought that it will stabilize.
- FIG. 2 (a) the maximum value of the stress on the W 19/50 the effect of (maximum residual stress), and the maximum stress on the ratio of W 19/50 vs. W 17/50 in FIG. 2 (b) The influence of each is shown.
- W 19/50 the ratio of W 17/50 became 1.60 or less.
- all the data in the figure is the data after the magnetic domain refinement processing is performed on steel sheets having the same magnetic properties.
- W 15/50 is 0.51 W / kg
- W 17/50 is 0.69 to 0.70 W / kg.
- the spread in the steel plate thickness direction of the residual stress formation region of 150 MPa or more was 42 to 48 ⁇ m
- the spread of the residual stress formation region of 150 MPa or more in the steel plate width direction was 200 to 220 ⁇ m.
- the stress spread was measured by the method described later.
- the direction of the maximum stress was mainly the plate thickness direction. In that case, the maximum stress in the rolling direction was 30 MPa or more.
- the upper limit of the maximum stress in steel is not particularly limited, but about 600 MPa is the practical upper limit.
- Fig. 3 (a) shows the influence of the spread in the thickness direction of the stress formation region with a magnitude of 150MPa or more on W 17/50
- Fig. 3 (b) shows the eddy current loss We 17/50
- the graph shows the influence of the spread in the thickness direction of the stress formation region with a size of 150 MPa or more. It was confirmed that the eddy current loss and the iron loss were reduced as the region of 150 MPa or more expanded in the plate thickness direction.
- the stress forming region having a size of 150 MPa or more spreads by 42 ⁇ m or more in the thickness direction, an excellent iron loss of 0.70 W / kg or less is obtained.
- all the data in the figure are data after performing magnetic domain fragmentation on steel sheets having the same magnetic properties, and the maximum stress in the steel was in the range of 255 to 300 MPa.
- the width in the region of 150 MPa or more was 180 to 225 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit in the thickness direction of the residual stress formation region of 150 MPa or more is not particularly limited, but about 100 ⁇ m is the practical upper limit.
- Residual stress formation region of 150 MPa or more Within 300 ⁇ m in the rolling direction Even if the residual stress formation region expands in the steel plate rolling direction and an auxiliary magnetic domain is newly formed, the amount of free magnetic poles generated at the boundary between the main magnetic domain and the auxiliary magnetic domain is Since it is considered that there is almost no change, it is considered that the new formation of the auxiliary magnetic domain does not particularly affect the magnetic domain subdivision. On the other hand, since there is distortion in the residual stress formation region, excessive expansion increases hysteresis loss. Therefore, the residual stress formation region of 150 MPa or more is within 300 ⁇ m in the rolling direction.
- the lower limit in the rolling direction of the residual stress formation region of 150 MPa or more is not particularly limited, but about 20 ⁇ m is a practical lower limit.
- Fig. 4 (a) shows the effect of the spread in the rolling direction of the stress formation region where the magnitude of W 17/50 is 150 MPa or more
- Fig. 4 (b) shows the magnitude of the hysteresis loss Wh 17/50.
- 2 shows the influence of the spread in the rolling direction of the formation region of stress of 150 MPa or more.
- the hysteresis loss increases and the iron loss increases as the region of 150 MPa or more expands in the steel plate rolling direction.
- the hysteresis loss increases excessively to 0.35 W / kg or more, resulting in an iron loss greater than 0.70 W / kg.
- all the data in the figure are data after performing magnetic domain refinement on steel sheets having the same magnetic properties, and the maximum stress was 270 to 300 MPa. Further, the spread of stress in the thickness direction was 45 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the stress distribution of the steel sheet was obtained by using CrossCourt Ver.3.0 (BLG Productions Bristol) and the strain distribution measured by the EBSD-wilkinson method using the elastic modulus of 3% Si-Fe.
- a method using an X-ray diffraction method may be used.
- the measurement in the present invention was performed at a measurement pitch of 5 ⁇ m in the range of the thickness of the steel sheet in the rolling direction with a thickness of 600 ⁇ m or more in the rolling direction and the total thickness of the steel sheet.
- the distortion-free reference point necessary for distortion measurement was set at the end of the measurement field so that the strain distribution was symmetric at the center of the field.
- the manufacturing method of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet which performs the magnetic domain subdivision process using a conventionally well-known electron beam is applicable.
- cold rolling was performed again to obtain a cold-rolled sheet having a sheet thickness of 0.23 mm.
- final finish annealing for the purpose of secondary recrystallization and purification was performed at 1180 ° C. for 60 hours. Subsequently, a tension coating composed of 50% colloidal silica and magnesium phosphate was applied, and the iron loss was measured.
- the iron loss W 17/50 was 0.83 to 0.86 W / kg. Then, the magnetic loss was measured by applying a magnetic domain fragmentation treatment in which an electron beam was irradiated under each irradiation condition described in Table 3 at a line angle of 90 ° and a processing chamber pressure of 0.1 Pa. Table 4 shows the results.
- W 15/50 is 0.52 W / kg or less
- W 17/50 is 0.70 W / kg or less
- W 19/50 is 1.11 W / kg or less, and a steel sheet having extremely low iron loss can be obtained even in a high excitation region.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献1には、最終冷延前の焼鈍条件を適正化することによって、磁束密度と鉄損に優れた方向性電磁鋼板を製造する方法が示されている。
例えば、特許文献2には、鋼板の片表面に線状の溝を、溝巾:300μm以下、溝深さ:100μm以下として形成することによって、溝形成前には0.80W/kg以上であった鉄損W17/50を、0.70W/kg以下に低減する技術が示されている。
(1) 鋼板内部において、150MPa以上の大きさを有する応力(板厚方向の引張応力、圧延方向の圧縮応力、あるいは圧延直角方向の引張応力の大きさのうちの最大値)形成領域の板厚方向深さを42μm以上とすることによって、従来よりも大きな渦電流損の低減効果が得られ、
(2) 150MPa以上の応力が形成されていても、上記渦電流損低減効果が大きいために、ヒステリシス損と渦電流損の和である鉄損は極めて低い値となり、
(3) 150MPa以上の強い応力が形成されていると、高磁場励磁領域においても、補助磁区が安定して存在し、低鉄損が得られる
ことを突き止めた。
しかしながら、特許文献9に示される技術は、レーザピーニングを応用したものであり、水中照射する特殊な環境であるため、コイルを連続処理するための十分な技術が確立されておらず、高コスト化が避けられなかった。
従って、変圧器の鉄心としての使用を考えると、被膜損傷を発生させずに、鋼板内部に出来るだけ高い残留応力を発生させ、さらには、鉄損が過度に劣化しないような応力分布範囲を明確化する必要があった。
すなわち、鋼板内部に高い残留応力を形成し、かつ鉄損劣化の原因となる応力分布の拡大を最小限に抑えるためには、極めて高輝度なビームを照射することが重要であり、電子ビーム発生源である陰極材質をLaB6とすることが有効であることを知見した。また、加速電圧を90kV以上まで増大することによって、高輝度ビームを照射しても、被膜損傷を抑制することが可能であることを知見した。
本発明は上記知見に立脚するものである。
1.鋼板面内の圧延方向に対し、60から120°の方向に、線状歪みを有する鉄心用方向性電磁鋼板において、
上記線状歪みの近傍に、圧延方向に対して300μm以内の範囲で、かつ板厚方向に対して42μm以上の範囲で、150MPa以上の残留応力が付与された残留応力形成領域を有し、さらに上記線状歪みが、圧延方向に2~10mmの間隔で周期的に形成されたものである、1.5~1.9Tの励磁領域における変圧器鉄損に優れた鉄心用方向性電磁鋼板。
上記線状歪みの近傍に、圧延方向に対して300μm以内の範囲で、かつ板厚方向に対して42μm以上の範囲で、150MPa以上の残留応力が付与された残留応力形成領域を有すると共に、該残留応力形成領域が上記線状歪みの方向において150μm以上の間隔を空けて形成され、さらに上記線状歪みが、圧延方向に2~10mmの間隔で周期的に形成されたものである、1.5~1.9Tの励磁領域における変圧器鉄損に優れた鉄心用方向性電磁鋼板。
はじめに、本発明が適用される鉄心用方向性電磁鋼板(以下、単に鋼板ともいう)の好適な製造条件に関して説明する。
本発明に用いるスラブの成分組成は、二次再結晶が生じる成分組成であればよい。また、インヒビタを利用する場合、例えば、AlN系インヒビタを利用する場合であれば、AlおよびNを、また、MnS・MnSe系インヒビタを利用する場合であれば、Mnと、SeおよびSの少なくともいずれかを適量含有させればよい、さらに両インヒビタを併用してもよい。
インヒビタ効果を発揮するのに好適なAl、N、SおよびSeの含有量は、それぞれ、Al:0.01~0.065質量%、N:0.005~0.012質量%、S:0.005~0.03質量%およびSe:0.005~0.03質量%である。
C:0.08質量%以下
Cは、熱延板組織を改善するために添加するが、過剰に添加した場合、製造工程中にCを、磁気時効の起こらない50質量ppm以下まで低減することが困難になるため、0.08質量%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、下限は特に制限はないが、工業的に低減できるのは、0.0005質量%程度までである。
Siは、地鉄の電気抵抗を高めて、渦電流損を改善する元素であるため、2.0質量%以上に添加することが好ましい。一方、8.0質量%を超えると、磁束密度が著しく低下するため、Si量は2.0~8.0質量%の範囲とすることが好ましい。
Mnは、熱間加工性を良好にする上で必要な元素であるが、含有量が0.005質量%未満ではその添加効果に乏しく、一方1.0質量%を超えると製品板の磁束密度が低下する。従って、Mn量は0.005~1.0質量%の範囲とすることが好ましい。
Ni:0.03~1.50質量%、Sn:0.01~1.50質量%、Sb:0.005~1.50質量%、Cu:0.03~3.0質量%、P:0.03~0.50質量%、Mo:0.005~0.10質量%およびCr:0.03~1.50質量%のうちから選んだ少なくとも1種
Niは、熱延板組織を改善して磁気特性を向上させるために有用な元素である。しかしながら、含有量が0.03質量%未満では磁気特性の向上効果が小さく、一方1.50質量%を超えると二次再結晶が不安定になり磁気特性が劣化する。そのため、Ni量は0.03~1.50質量%の範囲とするのが好ましい。また、Sn、Sb、Cu、P、MoおよびCrは、いずれも上記した各成分の下限に満たないと、磁気特性の向上効果が小さく、一方、上記した各成分の上限量を超えると、二次再結晶粒の発達が阻害されるため、それぞれ上記の範囲で含有させることが好ましい。
さらに、必要に応じ、熱延板焼鈍を施す。この時、熱延板焼鈍温度として800~1100℃の範囲が好適である。熱延板焼鈍温度が800℃未満であると、熱間圧延でのバンド状組織が残留し、整粒した一次再結晶組織を得ることが困難になり、二次再結晶の発達が阻害される。一方、熱延板焼鈍温度が1100℃を超えると、熱延板焼鈍後の粒径が粗大化しすぎるために、整粒した一次再結晶組織の実現が極めて困難となる。
最終仕上げ焼鈍時に、コイルセット等の影響により生成する歪みを矯正するため、平坦化焼鈍を行うことが有効である。なお、本発明では、平坦化焼鈍前または後に、鋼板表面に絶縁コーティングを施す。ここに、この絶縁コーティングは、本発明では、鉄損低減のために、鋼板に張力を付与できるコーティング(以下、張力コーティングという)を意味する。なお、張力コーティングとしては、シリカを含有する無機系コーティングや物理蒸着法、化学蒸着法等によるセラミックコーティング等が挙げられる。
〔電子ビーム発生条件〕
電子ビーム発生源の材質:LaB6
上述したように、LaB6は、高輝度ビームを出力するのに極めて有利であって、鋼中の応力を所定範囲に形成するのに好適であると考えられる。すなわち、LaB6から発生した電子ビームは、所定の応力となる領域を、板厚方向に深くしつつ、かつ圧延方向への広がりを少なく形成することができる。
加速電圧は、高いほど、加工室内の残留ガスによる散乱の影響を受けにくい利点がある。しかしながら、加速電圧が過度に高くなると、磁区細分化に必要なビーム電流が小さくなって、安定的な制御が困難になるだけでなく、鋼板から発生するX線の遮蔽に必要な部材が大型化し、高コスト化してしまうという問題がある。従って、加速電圧の範囲は40~300kV程度とするのが好ましい。
表2に、LaB6から出力:0.6kWでビーム径(ビーム半値幅):0.2mmの電子ビームを照射して磁区細分化した方向性電磁鋼板の電子ビーム照射部の被膜損傷と残留応力結果を示す。ビーム径は、ワーキングディスタンスと収束電流によって調整した。被膜損傷は、損傷が無ければ○、有れば×とした。また、残留応力(本発明では、単に応力といった場合は残留応力を意味する)は、150MPa以上の残留応力範囲が、板厚方向に42μm以上かつ圧延方向に300μm以下である場合に○とした。これより、150MPaの応力を形成する条件においては、加速電圧が90kV以上であれば、被膜損傷の抑制が可能であることが分かった。
電子ビームは、直線状あるいは点列状に鋼板の幅端部から、もう一方の幅端部へ照射し、これを圧延方向に周期的に繰り返して行う。この間隔(線間隔)は、2~10mmであることが必要である。線間隔が狭いと、鋼中に形成される歪領域が過度に大きくなって、鉄損(ヒステリシス損)が劣化する。一方で、線間隔が広すぎると、磁区細分化効果が乏しく、鉄損が改善しないからである。
上記した、線状に鋼板の幅端部から、もう一方の幅端部へのビーム照射において、鋼板の圧延方向と、線状の照射の始点から終点に向かう方向とのなす角を、本発明では線角度という。この線角度は、圧延方向に対して60から120°とする。
上記範囲を逸脱すると、鋼板のビーム照射領域が過度に増大し、ヒステリシス損が劣化してしまうからである。
ここに、電子ビームを点列状に照射した場合、点列間隔が極端に小さい場合を除いて、鋼中の残留応力は、点列間隔の周期で形成される。後述の実施例に示すように、線状歪みの方向における150MPa以上の残留応力形成部間の間隔を0.15mm(150μm)以上にすると、高磁束密度において極めて良好な鉄損が得られた(極めて低いW19/50対W17/50の比が得られた)。これは、点列状に電子ビームを照射することによって、残留応力形成部の体積が最小限に抑えられたためと考えられる。
他方、点線や不連続線照射の場合、線状に存在する点と点の間、あるいは連続線と連続線の間の150MPa以上の残留応力形成部間の間隔は0.8mm(800μm)以下とすることが好ましい。これは、照射領域(応力形成領域)が過度に少ないと、渦電流損改善効果が乏しくなるおそれがあるためである。
加工室圧力が高いと、電子銃から発生した電子が散乱されて、地鉄に熱影響を与える電子のエネルギが減少するため、鋼板は、十分磁区細分化されず、鉄損が改善しない。そこで、本発明では、加工室圧力を、3Pa以下とすることが好ましい。なお、下限値は特に限定されない。
電子ビームを幅方向に偏向して照射させる場合には、幅方向のビームパワー密度が均一になるように、事前に収束電流を調整することが好ましい。
応力の方向
本発明に従う鋼板は、鋼板面内の圧延方向から60から120°の方向に、線状歪みを有し、この歪みの領域近傍に応力が存在しているものであり、その応力は、圧延方向の圧縮応力、板厚方向の引張応力、あるいは圧延直角方向の引張応力からなる。なお、本発明における線状歪みの近傍とは、上述したように、線状歪みによる応力が存在するところであるが、具体的には、電子ビーム照射部より500μm以内に形成される領域とする。
一般に、磁化の方向は、圧縮応力存在下では、その圧縮方向から90°を向いたときに磁気弾性エネルギ的に安定化し、また、引張応力存在下では、その引張方向を向いたときに安定化する。
従って、上記応力が形成された場合には、もともと圧延方向を向いた主磁区が不安定化するため、別の方向を向いた補助磁区が形成されることになる。
上記補助磁区は、上記に示した応力(圧延方向の圧縮応力、板厚方向の引張応力、あるいは圧延直角方向の引張応力)の大きさが大きいほど、より高い励磁領域まで安定化すると考えられる。
図2(a)に、W19/50におよぼす上記応力の最大値(最大残留応力)の影響を、また、図2(b)にW19/50対W17/50の比におよぼす最大応力の影響をそれぞれ示す。
最大応力が150MPa以上で、図2(a)に示したように、1.12W/kg未満のW19/50を得ることができ、また図2(b)に示したように、W19/50対W17/50の比は1.60以下となった。ここで、図中のデータはすべて、磁気特性が同等の鋼板に磁区細分化処理を施した後のデータであり、W15/50は0.51W/kg、W17/50が0.69~0.70W/kgであった。また、150MPa以上の残留応力形成領域の鋼板板厚方向の広がりは、42~48μmであって、150MPa以上の残留応力形成領域の鋼板幅方向の広がりは200~220μmであった。なお、上記応力の広がりは、後述する方法で測定した。
最大応力の方向は、主に板厚方向であったが、その場合、圧延方向の最大応力は30MPa以上であった。
また、鋼中最大応力の上限は、特に制限はないものの、600MPa程度が、実用上の上限である。
補助磁区の板厚方向の広がりは、磁区細分化および渦電流損の低減に影響すると考えられる。
図3(a)は、W17/50におよぼす大きさが150MPa以上の応力の形成領域の板厚方向における広がりの影響を、また図3(b)は、渦電流損We17/50におよぼす大きさが150MPa以上の応力の形成領域の板厚方向における広がりの影響をそれぞれ示している。
150MPa以上の領域が板厚方向に拡大すればするほど、渦電流損が低減し、鉄損も低減していることが認められた。特に、大きさが150MPa以上の応力の形成領域が、板厚方向に42μm以上広がっている場合、0.70W/kg以下の優れた鉄損が得られている。ここで、図中のデータはすべて、磁気特性が同等の鋼板に磁区細分化処理を施した後のデータであり、鋼中の最大応力は255~300MPaの範囲であった。また、150MPa以上の領域の幅方向の広がりは180~225μmであった。
なお、150MPa以上残留応力形成領域の板厚方向の上限は、特に制限はないものの、100μm程度が、実用上の上限である。
残留応力形成領域が鋼板圧延方向に拡大し、補助磁区が新たに形成されたとしても、主磁区と補助磁区の境界に生じる自由磁極の量は、ほとんど変わらないものと考えられるから、補助磁区の新たな形成は、磁区細分化に、特に影響をおよぼさないと考えられる。一方で、残留応力形成領域には歪みが存在するから、過度な拡大は、ヒステリシス損を増大させてしまう。よって、150MPa以上残留応力形成領域は、圧延方向に300μm以内とする。
なお、150MPa以上残留応力形成領域の圧延方向の下限は、特に制限はないものの、20μm程度が、実用上の下限である。
本発明において、鋼板の応力分布は、CrossCourt Ver.3.0(BLG Productions Bristol製)を使用し、EBSD-wilkinson法によって測定された歪み分布から、3%Si-Feの弾性係数を用いて求めたが、X線回折法などによる方法によっても良い。ただし、X線回折法などを用いる場合には、測定分解能を高めるために、小さい径のコリメータを使用するのが好ましい。
本発明での測定は、圧延方向板厚断面において、圧延方向に600μm以上で、鋼板の全厚の範囲を、測定ピッチ5μmで行った。なお、視野の中心で歪み分布が対称となるようにして、歪み測定に必要となる無歪み参照点は、測定視野端部に設定した。
かかる冷延板に、酸化度PH2O/PH2=0.45、均熱温度:850℃で150秒保持する脱炭焼鈍を施したのち、MgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布した。その後、二次再結晶と純化を目的とした最終仕上げ焼鈍を1180℃、60hの条件で実施した。
続いて、50%のコロイダルシリカとリン酸マグネシウムからなる張力コーティングを付与し、鉄損を測定した。鉄損W17/50は、0.83~0.86W/kgであった。
その後、線角度:90°、加工室圧力:0.1Paにて、表3に記載する各照射条件で電子ビームを照射する磁区細分化処理を施して鉄損を測定した。
表4に結果を示す。
Claims (6)
- 鋼板面内の圧延方向に対し、60から120°の方向に、線状歪みを有する鉄心用方向性電磁鋼板において、
上記線状歪みの近傍に、圧延方向に対して300μm以内の範囲で、かつ板厚方向に対して42μm以上の範囲で、150MPa以上の残留応力が付与された残留応力形成領域を有し、さらに上記線状歪みが、圧延方向に2~10mmの間隔で周期的に形成されたものである、1.5~1.9Tの励磁領域における変圧器鉄損に優れた鉄心用方向性電磁鋼板。 - 鋼板面内の圧延方向に対し、60から120°の方向に、線状歪みを有する鉄心用方向性電磁鋼板において、
上記線状歪みの近傍に、圧延方向に対して300μm以内の範囲で、かつ板厚方向に対して42μm以上の範囲で、150MPa以上の残留応力が付与された残留応力形成領域を有すると共に、該残留応力形成領域が上記線状歪みの方向において150μm以上の間隔を空けて形成され、さらに上記線状歪みが、圧延方向に2~10mmの間隔で周期的に形成されたものである、1.5~1.9Tの励磁領域における変圧器鉄損に優れた鉄心用方向性電磁鋼板。 - 前記線状歪みの形成部表面は、地鉄露出部の無い絶縁被膜である、請求項1または2に記載した1.5~1.9Tの励磁領域における変圧器鉄損に優れた鉄心用方向性電磁鋼板。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の鉄心用方向性電磁鋼板における線状歪みを形成するに際し、LaB6から放出される電子ビームを鋼板表面に照射する、1.5~1.9Tの励磁領域における変圧器鉄損に優れた鉄心用方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載した方向性電磁鋼板を製造するにあたり、90kV以上の電圧で印加された電子ビームを鋼板表面に照射する、1.5~1.9Tの励磁領域において変圧器鉄損に優れた鉄心用電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 請求項4に記載の鉄心用方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法において、さらに、90kV以上の電圧で印加された電子ビームを鋼板表面に照射する、1.5~1.9Tの励磁領域において変圧器鉄損に優れた鉄心用電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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KR101988480B1 (ko) | 2015-02-24 | 2019-06-12 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 방향성 전자 강판 및 그의 제조 방법 |
US10465259B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 | 2019-11-05 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and production method therefor |
US20190013126A1 (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2019-01-10 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and method for manufacturing the same |
US11031163B2 (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2021-06-08 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and method for manufacturing the same |
CN115572887A (zh) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-01-06 | 常州大学 | 一种超细孪晶梯度结构中锰钢及其制备方法 |
CN115572887B (zh) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-06-09 | 常州大学 | 一种超细孪晶梯度结构中锰钢及其制备方法 |
WO2024111628A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-22 | 2024-05-30 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鉄損特性に優れた方向性電磁鋼板 |
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JP5954421B2 (ja) | 2016-07-20 |
KR101671211B1 (ko) | 2016-11-01 |
IN2015DN00611A (ja) | 2015-06-26 |
JPWO2014034128A1 (ja) | 2016-08-08 |
EP2891726A4 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
CN104603309B (zh) | 2017-10-31 |
KR20150036775A (ko) | 2015-04-07 |
US20150187474A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
EP2891726B1 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
WO2014034128A8 (ja) | 2014-12-18 |
RU2597190C1 (ru) | 2016-09-10 |
US10026533B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 |
CN104603309A (zh) | 2015-05-06 |
EP2891726A1 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
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