WO2014002249A1 - 太陽電池、太陽電池モジュール、及び太陽電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
太陽電池、太陽電池モジュール、及び太陽電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014002249A1 WO2014002249A1 PCT/JP2012/066676 JP2012066676W WO2014002249A1 WO 2014002249 A1 WO2014002249 A1 WO 2014002249A1 JP 2012066676 W JP2012066676 W JP 2012066676W WO 2014002249 A1 WO2014002249 A1 WO 2014002249A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/022433—Particular geometry of the grid contacts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/022441—Electrode arrangements specially adapted for back-contact solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
- H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
- H01L31/0512—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module made of a particular material or composition of materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/056—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means the light-reflecting means being of the back surface reflector [BSR] type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
- H01L31/0682—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells back-junction, i.e. rearside emitter, solar cells, e.g. interdigitated base-emitter regions back-junction cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar cell, a solar cell module, and a method for manufacturing a solar cell.
- the solar cell includes a photoelectric conversion unit and an electrode formed on the main surface (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the solar cell module includes a plurality of solar cells and a wiring material attached on the electrodes and connecting the solar cells to each other.
- One aspect of the solar cell according to the present invention includes a photoelectric conversion unit, a transparent conductive layer formed on the main surface of the photoelectric conversion unit, and a silver or copper plating electrode directly formed on the transparent conductive layer. .
- One aspect of the solar cell module according to the present invention includes a plurality of the solar cells, a wiring material that connects the solar cells, a plating electrode and a wiring material of the solar cell, and a through hole or a gap between the plating electrodes. And an adhesive for adhering the wiring material and the transparent conductive layer.
- One aspect of the method for producing a solar cell according to the present invention is to form an electrode in which a transparent conductive layer is formed on the main surface of the photoelectric conversion portion, and a silver or copper plating electrode is formed in the region on the transparent conductive layer. After at least a part of the region is reduced, a plating electrode is formed in the electrode formation region.
- the photovoltaic cell according to the present invention can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, it is possible to ensure good adhesion between the photoelectric conversion portion and the electrode. According to the solar cell module according to the present invention, it is possible to ensure good adhesion between the solar cell and the wiring material.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a part B in FIG. 2, in which a collecting electrode is omitted.
- the G section enlarged view of FIG. It is a figure which shows the modification of the form illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a part C in FIG. 3, in which a collecting electrode is omitted.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the modification of the form illustrated in FIG. It is a figure which shows the modification of the photoelectric conversion part which is an example of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the modification of the photoelectric conversion part which is an example of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the solar cell which is an example of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the solar cell which is an example of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the solar cell which is an example of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the solar cell which is an example of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the solar cell which is an example of embodiment which concerns on this invention.
- a second member for example, a transparent conductive layer
- the first member for example, the main surface of the photoelectric conversion portion
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the solar cell module 10 cut in the thickness direction.
- the solar cell module 10 includes a plurality of solar cells 11, a first protective member 12 disposed on the light receiving surface side of the solar cell 11, and a second protective member 13 disposed on the back surface side of the solar cell 11.
- FIG. 2 is a view of the solar cell 11 as seen from the light receiving surface side.
- FIG. 3 is a view of the solar cell 11 as seen from the back side.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a part of a cross section of the solar cell 11 cut in the thickness direction along the line AA in FIGS.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the behavior of the light ⁇ incident on the solar cell 11 in the simplified diagram of FIG. 4.
- the electrode structure of the solar cell 11 of FIG. 1 is simplified more than the electrode structure of FIG. 2 etc., and only the bus-bar part 33 and the metal layer 42 are displayed.
- the solar cell 11 includes a photoelectric conversion unit 20 that generates carriers by receiving sunlight, a transparent conductive layer 31 formed on the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 20, and a finger formed on the transparent conductive layer 31.
- a photoelectric conversion unit 20 that generates carriers by receiving sunlight
- a transparent conductive layer 31 formed on the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 20 and a finger formed on the transparent conductive layer 31.
- carriers generated by the photoelectric conversion unit 20 are collected by the finger unit 32, the bus bar unit 33, and the metal layer 42.
- the “light-receiving surface” means a main surface on which sunlight mainly enters from the outside of the solar cell
- the “back surface” means a main surface opposite to the light-receiving surface. For example, more than 50% to 100% of the sunlight incident on the solar cell 11 enters from the
- the plurality of solar cells 11 are sandwiched between the first protective member 12 and the second protective member 13 and sealed with the filler 14.
- a translucent member such as a glass substrate, a resin substrate, or a resin film can be used.
- a resin such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) can be used.
- the solar cell module 10 includes a wiring member 15 that connects a plurality of solar cells 11 in series.
- the wiring member 15 bends in the thickness direction of the solar cell module 10 between the solar cells 11 arranged adjacent to each other, and connects the solar cells 11 in series.
- the wiring member 15 is attached to the bus bar portion 33 and the metal layer 42 of the solar cell 11 using the adhesive 16.
- the adhesive 16 for example, it is preferable to use a thermosetting adhesive in which a curing agent is mixed with an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, or the like as necessary.
- a resin may contain a conductive filler such as Ag particles, but a non-conductive thermosetting adhesive is suitable from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost, light-shielding loss reduction, and the like.
- Examples of the form of the adhesive 16 include a film shape and a paste shape.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 20 includes a substrate 21 made of a semiconductor material such as crystalline silicon (c-Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium phosphide (InP), and an amorphous semiconductor formed on the light receiving surface of the substrate 21.
- a layer 22 and an amorphous semiconductor layer 23 formed on the back surface of the substrate 21 are included.
- the amorphous semiconductor layers 22 and 23 are formed, for example, over the entire area on the main surface of the substrate 21.
- the substrate 21 may be an n-type single crystal silicon substrate, for example. It is preferable that the light receiving surface and the back surface of the substrate 21 have a texture structure (not shown).
- the texture structure is a concavo-convex structure for reducing light reflection, and has a concavo-convex size (diameter of circumscribed circle in a two-dimensional microscope image) of about 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, for example.
- the amorphous semiconductor layer 22 has a layer structure in which, for example, an i-type amorphous silicon layer and a p-type amorphous silicon layer are sequentially formed from the substrate 21 side.
- the amorphous semiconductor layer 23 has a layer structure in which, for example, an i-type amorphous silicon layer and an n-type amorphous silicon layer are sequentially formed from the substrate 21 side.
- an i-type amorphous silicon layer and an n-type amorphous silicon layer are sequentially formed on the light receiving surface of the substrate 21, and the i-type amorphous silicon is formed on the back surface of the substrate 21.
- a structure in which a layer and a p-type amorphous silicon layer are sequentially formed may be employed.
- the transparent conductive layer 31 is formed on the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 20.
- the transparent conductive layer 31 is, for example, a transparent conductive oxide (hereinafter, referred to as a metal oxide such as indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) or zinc oxide (ZnO)) doped with tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), or the like. "TCO").
- the transparent conductive layer 31 may be formed so as to cover the entire region on the amorphous semiconductor layer 22, but in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the entire region excluding the vicinity of the end portion on the amorphous semiconductor layer 22. It is formed to cover.
- the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 31 is preferably about 30 nm to 500 nm, and particularly preferably about 50 nm to 200 nm.
- a plurality of (for example, 50) finger portions 32 are formed on the transparent conductive layer 31.
- the finger part 32 is a fine wire electrode formed over a wide area on the transparent conductive layer 31.
- a plurality of (for example, two) bus bar portions 33 extend in a direction intersecting with the finger portions 32.
- the bus bar portion 33 is an electrode that collects carriers from the finger portions 32, and the wiring member 15 is attached to the solar cell module 10.
- the wiring member 15 is preferably wider than the bus bar portion 33 and is connected to the finger portions 32 on both sides of the bus bar portion 33 in the width direction.
- the bus bar portions 33 are arranged substantially in parallel with each other at a predetermined interval, and a plurality of finger portions 32 are arranged substantially orthogonal thereto. A part of the plurality of finger portions 32 extends from each of the bus bar portions 33 to the end edge portion 20z outside the virtual line X of the light receiving surface, and the remaining portions connect the bus bar portions 33. Each bus bar portion 33 also extends to the edge 20z of the light receiving surface.
- the coating layer 50 is an insulating layer formed on the transparent conductive layer 31.
- the coating layer 50 is preferably formed over the entire area of the transparent conductive layer 31 except the region where the collector electrode is formed.
- the thickness of the coating layer 50 is, for example, 20 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the coating layer 50 is preferably substantially the same as the thickness of the collector electrode, but may be slightly thinner or thicker than the thickness of the collector electrode.
- the material constituting the coating layer 50 is preferably a photocurable resin containing an epoxy resin or the like from the viewpoints of productivity, insulation, adhesion to the filler 14, and the like.
- the transparent conductive layer 41 is formed on the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 20. Other configurations of the transparent conductive layer 41 are the same as those of the transparent conductive layer 31.
- the metal layer 42 functions as a collecting electrode for collecting carriers through the transparent conductive layer 41, and the wiring member 15 is attached thereon.
- the metal layer 42 is preferably formed in substantially the entire region on the transparent conductive layer 41 (a range that can be regarded as substantially the entire region, for example, a region of 95% or more on the transparent conductive layer 41). You may have a bus-bar part on the metal layer 42, and you may change the metal layer 42 into a finger part.
- the finger part 32 and the bus bar part 33 are preferably plated electrodes formed by plating.
- the collector electrode is a plated electrode unless otherwise specified.
- the plating electrode can be formed by, for example, an electrolytic plating method.
- a plating electrode is comprised from metals, such as nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and silver (Ag), for example.
- Ni nickel
- Cu copper
- Au silver
- Ag or Cu is preferable from the viewpoints of conductivity and light reflection characteristics, and Cu is more preferable in consideration of manufacturing cost.
- the plating electrode may have a laminated structure composed of a plurality of metal layers (for example, the first layer is a Ni layer and the second layer is a Cu layer), but a single layer structure of Ag or Cu, particularly Cu.
- a single layer structure is preferred.
- the Cu single layer structure includes a layer composed of a Cu diffusion prevention layer and a Cu plating electrode.
- the Ag plating electrode and the Cu plating electrode are preferably formed directly on the transparent conductive layers 31 and 41. That is, no other layer is provided between the Ag plating electrode and the Cu plating electrode and the transparent conductive layers 31 and 41.
- Cu has a particularly high reflectance with respect to light having a wavelength in a long wavelength region (for example, 600 nm or more). For example, the reflectance with respect to light having a wavelength of 600 nm is about 1.5 times that of Ni.
- approximately 100% of light enters from the light receiving surface side of the photoelectric conversion unit 20.
- a part of the light ⁇ incident into the photoelectric conversion unit 20 from between the finger portions 32 is absorbed by the photoelectric conversion unit 20, and the remaining part is photoelectric conversion unit 20 and the transparent conductive layer 41. Is reflected by the metal layer 42.
- the primary reflected light travels through the photoelectric conversion unit 20 toward the light receiving surface, and a part of the primary reflected light is secondarily reflected again by the finger portions 32 and travels through the photoelectric conversion unit 20 toward the back surface.
- the light collection efficiency of the photoelectric conversion unit 20 can be increased by the reflection of the light ⁇ .
- the amount of light ⁇ absorbed on the surface of the plating electrode can be suppressed to further increase the light collection efficiency. .
- FIG. 6 to 9 show other forms of the collector electrode.
- FIG. 6 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2
- FIG. 7 is a view showing a part of a cross section taken along the line DD of FIG. 8 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3
- FIG. 9 is a view showing a part of a cross section taken along the line EE of FIG. 7 and 9 show a state in which the wiring member 15 is attached.
- the bus bar portion 33 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is composed of a plurality of portions 33p arranged in a line (hereinafter referred to as “block 33p”).
- a gap 34 is formed between each block 33p to separate adjacent blocks 33p.
- a coating layer 50 is provided in the gap 34.
- the shape, arrangement, size, and the like of the block 33p can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the formation pattern of the coating layer 50, as will be described later.
- the plurality of blocks 33p are provided in a straight line along the longitudinal direction of the wiring member 15, for example.
- the wiring member 15 is attached on each block 33p using the adhesive 16 as described above.
- the adhesive 16 preferably bonds the wiring member 15 and the finger portion 32 on both sides of the bus bar portion 33 in the width direction, and more preferably enters the gap 34 to bond the wiring member 15 and the coating layer 50 together. .
- the adhesive 16 bonds the wiring member 15 and the transparent conductive layer 31 through the coating layer 50. Since the adhesion between the adhesive 16 and the coating layer 50 and the adhesion between the coating layer 50 and the transparent conductive layer 31 are better than the adhesion between the plating electrode and the transparent conductive layer 31, a gap 34 is provided. Thereby, the adhesive force of the wiring material 15 and the solar cell 11 can be improved.
- the coating layer 50 may not be present in the gap 34.
- the adhesive 16 enters the gap 34 and adheres to the transparent conductive layer 31, and the wiring member 15 and the transparent conductive layer 31 are bonded. Since the adhesion between the adhesive 16 and the transparent conductive layer 31 is better than the adhesion between the plating electrode and the transparent conductive layer 31, the adhesion between the wiring member 15 and the solar cell 11 is also improved in this case. be able to. Although stress is easily applied to the bus bar portion 33 from the wiring material 15, the presence of the gap 34 can sufficiently suppress peeling at the interface between the bus bar portion 33 and the transparent conductive layer 31.
- the metal layer 42 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 has a through hole 43 in a range where the wiring member 15 is attached.
- the through hole 43 is a hole that penetrates the metal layer 42 in the thickness direction, and the transparent conductive layer 41 is exposed through the through hole 43. It is preferable that a plurality of the through holes 43 are formed along the longitudinal direction of the range where the wiring member 15 is attached. And the some through-hole 43 is formed at equal intervals over the other end from this range, for example.
- the shape, arrangement, size, and the like of the through-hole 43 can be arbitrarily adjusted depending on the shape, attachment method, and the like of the electrolytic plating probe 110 as described later.
- the adhesive 16 enters the through hole 43 and the adhesive 16 adheres to the transparent conductive layer 41.
- the adhesive 16 is provided between the wiring member 15 and the metal layer 42, a part of which bonds the wiring member 15 and the metal layer 42, and another part enters the through-hole 43 and the wiring member 15.
- the transparent conductive layer 41 is adhered. As described above, since the adhesiveness with the transparent conductive layer 41 is adhesive 16> metal layer 42, by providing the through hole 43, the adhesiveness between the wiring member 15 and the solar cell 11 can be improved. it can.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion B in FIG. 2, in which the collecting electrode is omitted.
- 11 shows a part of a cross section taken along line F1-F1 of FIG. 10
- FIG. 12 shows a part of a cross section taken along line F2-F2 of FIG. 10
- FIG. 13 shows an enlarged view of part G of FIG. 14 to 16 show modifications of the embodiment illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 17 is an enlarged view of part C in FIG. 3, in which the collecting electrode is omitted.
- FIG. 18 shows a modification of the embodiment illustrated in FIG.
- the transparent conductive layer 31 preferably has a surface roughness that is larger in at least part of the electrode formation region 31z where the plating electrode is formed than in the non-electrode formation region that is outside the electrode formation region 31z. . That is, at least a part of the electrode formation region 31z has a larger degree of surface irregularity than the non-electrode formation region. Note that the size of the surface irregularities is smaller than the texture structure size, and preferably 1/10 or less of the texture structure size. By increasing the surface roughness in the electrode formation region 31z, the contact area between the plating electrode and the transparent conductive layer 31 is increased, and the adhesion between the two is improved.
- the electrode forming region 31z is a region of the surface of the transparent conductive layer 31 that is not covered with the coating layer 50, and the non-electrode forming region is a region covered with the coating layer 50.
- the surface roughness can be evaluated by arithmetic average roughness Ra.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra can be measured using, for example, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or a laser microscope.
- the surface roughness is larger in the entire electrode forming region 31z than in the non-electrode forming region.
- the region located at the edge 20z of the light receiving surface has a larger surface roughness than the region located at the center of the light receiving surface.
- the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 31 is thin (see FIG. 11), and the fill factor (FF) tends to decrease.
- FF fill factor
- the edge 20z for example, about 10% of the length of one side of the light receiving surface from the end of the light receiving surface. It is preferable to selectively increase the surface roughness within the range of.
- the region located at the edge 20z is “region R1”, and among the electrode formation regions 31z, the region corresponding to the range to which the wiring member 15 is attached is “region R2”. Of the region 31z, the region other than R1 and R2 will be described as “region R3”. Similarly, in the electrode formation region 41z, the region located at the edge 20z is “region S1”, and in the electrode formation region 41z, the region corresponding to the range to which the wiring member 15 is attached is “region S2”. Of the region 41z, the region other than S1 and S2 will be described as “region S3”.
- the transparent conductive layer 31 has a larger surface roughness in the region R1 than in the regions R2 and R3.
- the region R1 is a region located at the longitudinal end of the plating electrode. That is, it can be said that the surface roughness of the electrode forming region 31z in the region located at the end portion in the longitudinal direction of the plating electrode is larger than the region located in the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the plating electrode. Since the interfacial peeling between the plating electrode and the transparent conductive layer 31 is more likely to occur at the end than the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the electrode, such peeling can be sufficiently suppressed.
- a plurality of protrusions 31p are formed in the electrode formation region 31z.
- the protrusion 31p has, for example, a dome shape, a hemispherical shape, a spherical shape, or a spindle shape, and can be said to be a granular protrusion or a particle.
- the electrode formation region 31z has a large surface roughness due to the presence of the protrusion 31p.
- the protrusion 31p is formed by reducing TCO constituting the transparent conductive layer 31.
- the composition of the protrusion 31p is In rich indium oxide compared to In 2 O 3 constituting the non-electrode forming region. Or In.
- the number of the protrusions 31p is larger than that in the region R3, and the size of the protrusions 31p is larger (see FIGS. 11 and 12).
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra becomes region R1> region R3.
- the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 31 is region R1 ⁇ region R3.
- the change point of the surface roughness does not need to be clear.
- the surface roughness of the region R1 decreases as it approaches the region R3, and the surface roughness of the region R3 increases as it approaches the region R1.
- the region R3 may have a surface roughness that decreases as the distance from the region R1 increases, and may be approximately the same as that of the non-electrode formation region at the center of the light receiving surface.
- the protrusions 31p are present uniformly in the region R1. That is, the density of the protrusions 31p is approximately the same over the entire region R1.
- the density of the protrusions 31p means the ratio of the area where the protrusions 31p are present to the area of the region R1, and can be measured using SEM or the like.
- the density of the protrusions 31p in the region R1 is preferably 10% to 100%, more preferably 20% to 80%, and particularly preferably 25% to 75% from the viewpoint of preventing peeling of the plating electrode.
- the size of the protrusion 31p is preferably 10 nm or more and 200 nm or less, and more preferably 10 n or more and 100 nm or less.
- the size of the protrusion 31p is defined as the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the protrusion 31p in a two-dimensional microscope image such as SEM.
- FIG. 14 shows an example of the electrode formation region 31z corresponding to the form in which the gap 34 is formed (see FIG. 6).
- the surface roughness is larger in the region R1 and the region R2 than in the region R3 in the electrode formation region 31z.
- the region R1 and the region R2 may have the same degree of surface roughness, or one surface roughness may be large. According to the said structure, the peeling in the longitudinal direction edge part of a plating electrode and the peeling in the part which the stress from the wiring material 15 acts can fully be suppressed.
- the surface roughness of the regions R2 and R3 is approximately the same as the surface roughness of the non-electrode forming region, and the surface roughness is increased only in the region R1.
- FIG. 16 cross-sectional view taken along the line HH in FIG. 15
- no protrusion 31p is formed in the region R3, and the protrusion 31p is selectively formed only in the region R1. That is, the degree of surface roughness changes abruptly at the boundary position between the region R1 and the region R3.
- a metal layer 42 is formed over substantially the entire surface of the transparent conductive layer 41.
- protrusions similar to the protrusions 31 p may be formed over the entire electrode forming region 41 z (region where the metal layer 42 is formed), that is, substantially the entire surface of the transparent conductive layer 41.
- the surface roughness is made larger in the part of the electrode formation region 41z than in other parts.
- the surface roughness of the electrode forming region 41z in the region S1 located at the end edge 20z is larger than the region located in the center. More specifically, the surface roughness is locally increased in the region S1. That is, protrusions having a size of 10 nm or more and 200 nm or less are formed only in the region S1, and there are no protrusions in the regions S2 and S3. Thereby, peeling of a plating electrode can be suppressed efficiently, without impairing FF and a reflectance.
- the surface roughness is larger in the region S1 and the region S2 than in the other region S3. That is, protrusions having a size of 10 nm or more and 200 nm or less are formed only in the region S1 and the region S2. Thereby, in the area
- the sheet resistance corresponding to the electrode formation region 31z is higher than the sheet resistance corresponding to the non-electrode formation region.
- the sheet resistance tends to increase as the surface roughness increases, and the sheet resistance in the region R1 is, for example, about 1.05 to 5 times the sheet resistance in the non-electrode formation region.
- the sheet resistance can be measured by a known method (for example, a four probe method).
- a portion immediately below the electrode formation region 31z has a non-columnar crystal structure, and the other portion has a columnar crystal structure.
- the columnar crystal layer is a layer in which crystal grain boundaries oriented in the same direction by cross-sectional observation using SEM can be confirmed in substantially the entire area of the observation cross-section.
- contrast contrast is repeated in one direction, and a plurality of columns appear to be arranged in one direction. Or it looks striped. Such a contrasting light and dark boundary indicates a grain boundary.
- the non-columnar crystal layer is a layer having a larger proportion of crystal grain boundaries oriented in different directions than crystal grain boundaries oriented in the same direction by cross-sectional observation using SEM.
- the portion where the contrast is repeated in one direction is less than 50%, and in some cases, the portion where the contrast is repeated regularly cannot be confirmed.
- the photoelectric conversion unit can be changed as appropriate in addition to the structure described above.
- an i-type amorphous silicon layer 71 and an n-type amorphous silicon film 72 are formed on the light-receiving surface side of the n-type single crystal silicon substrate 70.
- a p-type region composed of an i-type amorphous silicon layer 73 and a p-type amorphous silicon layer 74, an i-type amorphous silicon layer 75, an n-type amorphous silicon layer 76,
- region comprised by this may be sufficient.
- an electrode is provided only on the back surface side of n-type single crystal silicon substrate 70.
- the electrode includes a p-side collector electrode 77 formed on the p-type region and an n-side collector electrode 78 formed on the n-type region.
- a transparent conductive layer 79 is formed between the p-type region and the p-side collector electrode 77 and between the n-type region and the n-side collector electrode 78.
- An insulating layer 80 is provided between the p-type region and the n-type region. Further, as shown in FIG.
- a p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 81 a p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 81, an n-type diffusion layer 82 formed on the light-receiving surface side of the p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 81, and a back surface of the p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 81.
- the photoelectric conversion part comprised from the aluminum metal film 83 formed on the top may be sufficient.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of the manufacturing process of the solar cell 11.
- the portion where the surface roughness is increased by the reduction treatment is indicated by mesh hatching.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining the reduction processing step.
- 23 and 24 are diagrams for explaining another example of the manufacturing method.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 20 is manufactured by a known method (a detailed description of the manufacturing process of the photoelectric conversion unit 20 is omitted).
- transparent conductive layers 31k and 41k which are precursors of the transparent conductive layers 31 and 41, are formed on the light receiving surface and the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 20, respectively (FIG. 21A).
- the transparent conductive layers 31k and 41k can be formed using, for example, a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method). Film formation by the CVD method is preferably performed under a temperature condition of about 200 ° C. to 300 ° C., and TCO is crystallized by such heat to form a columnar crystal layer.
- the transparent conductive layers 31k and 41k can also be formed at a low temperature of less than 200 ° C. by a sputtering method. In this case, an additional annealing step is provided to crystallize the TCO. The conductivity of TCO is improved by crystallization.
- coating layers 50 and 51 are formed as mask patterns covering the transparent conductive layers 31k and 41k, respectively (FIG. 21B).
- the coating layer 50 formed on the transparent conductive layer 31k has a pattern in which the entire electrode formation region 31zk (electrode formation region 31z before reduction treatment) is exposed and the other region is covered. Used as a mask.
- the coating layer 50 also functions as a mask in the reduction process.
- the coating layer 51 formed on the transparent conductive layer 41k functions exclusively as a reduction treatment mask and is removed by the electrolytic plating step.
- the coating layer 51 has, for example, a pattern in which the region S1 located at the edge 20z of the electrode formation region 41z is exposed and the other regions are covered.
- the coating layers 50 and 51 can be formed by a known method. For example, after a thin film layer made of a photocurable resin is formed on the transparent conductive layers 31k and 41k by spin coating, the thin film layer is patterned using a photolithography process. Or you may form the coating layers 50 and 51 with the said pattern etc. using printing methods, such as screen printing.
- the reduction process step is a step of reducing the TCO in the electrode formation region 31zk exposed from the opening of the coating layer 50 to form the protrusion 31p.
- the reduction process step is a step of reducing the TCO in the electrode formation region 31zk exposed from the opening of the coating layer 50 to form the protrusion 31p.
- the amount of oxygen in the TCO decreases and the sheet resistance decreases at the initial stage of reduction, but the reduction is further promoted in this step.
- the electrode formation region 31z in which the sheet resistance is higher than that before reduction, the protrusion 31p is formed, and the surface roughness is increased is obtained.
- the reduced region for example, a structural change from a columnar crystal layer to a non-columnar crystal layer is observed.
- this step is a step of performing the reduction treatment until the protrusion 31p is formed and the surface roughness of the processing region becomes larger than the surface roughness of the non-processing region.
- a projection similar to the projection 31p is also formed in the electrode formation region 41z exposed from the opening of the coating layer 51.
- the method of the reduction treatment is not particularly limited as long as it can reduce the TCO to form protrusions, and examples thereof include reduction by hydrogen plasma treatment and electrolytic reduction.
- the former is a gas phase reduction method and the latter is a liquid phase reduction method.
- the reduction treatment process will be described by taking the electrolytic reduction method as an example.
- an aqueous ammonium sulfate solution is used as an electrolyte solution
- the photoelectric conversion unit 20 is used as a cathode
- the platinum plate is used as an anode.
- the photoelectric conversion part 20 and a platinum plate are immersed in an electrolyte solution, and an electric current is applied between both.
- a reduction terminal 100 connected to the negative electrode of the power supply device is attached to the photoelectric conversion unit 20 on a part of the exposed electrode formation region 31zk (see FIG. 22).
- the reduction terminal 100 is attached to the electrode formation region 31zk (region R) located on the light receiving surface. Since reduction of TCO is likely to occur in the vicinity of the reduction terminal 100, in this case, the degree of reduction is stronger in the region R1 than in the electrode formation region 31zk (regions R2 and R3) located at the center of the light receiving surface. Thereby, the surface roughness in area
- the electrode formation region 41zk the entire region excluding the region S1 is covered with the coating layer 51, so that the TCO is selectively reduced only in the region S1.
- the degree of TCO reduction that is, the degree of surface roughness in the electrode formation region can be easily changed.
- the amount of current applied current ⁇ time
- the reduction in TCO usually proceeds and the surface roughness increases.
- the reduction terminal 100 is attached to a region corresponding to the finger portion 32 and the bus bar portion 33 in the region R1. That is, it is preferable that the reduction terminal 100 is attached to a region corresponding to the longitudinal ends of the finger portion 32 and the bus bar portion 33. Since the number of the bus bar portions 33 is small, the reduction terminals 100 can be attached to regions (for example, four locations) corresponding to all the longitudinal end portions. On the other hand, since the number of the finger portions 32 is large, for example, the reducing terminal 100 may be attached to only a part with a certain interval.
- the coating layer 51 is removed to expose the entire region on the electrode formation region 41z (FIG. 21 (d)).
- the coating layer 51 can be removed using a known etchant.
- the coating layer 50 is not removed because it is used as a mask in the plating process.
- the coating layers 50 and 51 can be formed using different resin compositions.
- the coating layer 50 is formed using a resin composition that is not affected by the etchant used in this step.
- plating electrodes are directly formed on the electrode formation regions 31z and 41z (FIG. 21 (e)).
- electrolytic plating is performed using the photoelectric conversion unit 20 as a cathode and the Cu plate as an anode.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 20 and the Cu plate are immersed in a plating solution, and a current flows between them. Apply.
- the plating solution a known copper plating solution containing copper sulfate or copper cyanide can be used.
- the solar cell 11 is obtained in which the Cu plating electrode is formed on the electrode formation region including the region where the protrusion is formed and the surface roughness is increased.
- the thickness of the plating layer is preferably about 30 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m in the finger portion 32 and the bus bar portion 33 and about 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m in the metal layer 42 and can be adjusted by the amount of current applied.
- FIG. 23A shows a plan view of a mask pattern when the protrusion 31p is formed only in the region R1 (see FIG. 15).
- 23B to 23D are cross-sectional views along the longitudinal direction of the electrode formation region 31z, from the step of forming the mask pattern to the reduction treatment to the step of forming the plating electrode (finger portion 32). Indicates.
- the reduction treatment is performed using the coating layer 52 formed so as to cover the region other than the region R1 on the transparent conductive layer 31 as a mask (FIG. 23A).
- the coating layer 52 formed so as to cover the region other than the region R1 on the transparent conductive layer 31 as a mask (FIG. 23A).
- the coating layer 52 is removed to expose the entire electrode formation region 31z (FIG. 23C). That is, the coating layer 50 is formed from the coating layer 52.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a plating electrode is formed on the transparent conductive layer 41 by electrolytic plating.
- an electrolytic plating probe 110 having a plurality of electrolytic plating terminals 111 is attached on the transparent conductive layer 41 to perform an electrolytic plating process.
- the metal layer 42 can be formed so as to cover substantially the entire region on the transparent conductive layer 41 while leaving a part of the region on the transparent conductive layer 41 corresponding to the range to which the wiring member 15 is attached. That is, the metal layer 42 having a plurality of through holes 43 can be formed.
- the plurality of terminals for electrolytic plating 111 are arranged in rows at intervals, and a resin 112 is provided around each terminal.
- a plurality of terminals for electrolytic plating 111 are arranged in a line, and when the photoelectric conversion unit 20 is immersed in the plating solution 113 in this state, the plating solution 113 enters between the resins 112.
- a plating electrode can be formed in the substantially whole area except the circumference
- a through-hole 43 is formed around the electrolytic plating terminal 111 (see FIG. 18). In order to form the through hole 43 in a range where the wiring member 15 can be attached, for example, a plurality of terminals for electrolytic plating 111 are arranged along the range.
- the metal layer 42 having the through hole 43 and the bus bar portion 33 including the plurality of blocks 33p can also be formed by using a mask pattern in which portions corresponding to the through hole 43 and the gap 34 are protected. Specifically, by performing a plating process using the coating layer 50 that exposes only the regions where the finger portions 32 and the plurality of blocks 33p are formed on the transparent conductive layer 31 as a mask, the bus bar portion including the plurality of blocks 33p. 33 can be formed.
- the solar cell 11 suppresses the return loss of light incident on the photoelectric conversion unit 20 by directly forming the Ag or Cu plating electrode having good reflection characteristics on the transparent conductive layers 31 and 41.
- Light collection efficiency For example, by using a plating electrode having a single layer structure of Cu, it is possible to improve reflection characteristics particularly in a long wavelength region as compared with the case of using a plating electrode having a laminated structure of a Ni seed layer and a Cu layer. Efficiency can be improved.
- the solar cell 11 has a large surface roughness in at least a part of the electrode formation regions 31z and 41z, and has good adhesion between the transparent conductive layers 31 and 41 and the collector electrode. For this reason, for example, even when the Cu plating electrode is formed directly on the transparent conductive layer 31 without using the Ni seed layer, sufficient adhesion can be maintained.
- the reduction treatment is performed only in a region where the adhesion force between the collector electrode and the transparent conductive layers 31 and 41 is particularly required, and the surface roughness is locally increased, for example, the FF and the reflectance are impaired.
- adhesion power can be improved efficiently, without.
- the adhesive 16 enters the through hole 43 and bonds the wiring material 15 and the transparent conductive layer 41. Thereby, the adhesive force of the wiring material 15 and the solar cell 11 can be improved, and the highly reliable solar cell module 10 is obtained.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 光電変換部と、
前記光電変換部の主面上に形成された透明導電層と、
前記透明導電層上に直接形成された銀又は銅のめっき電極と、
を備えた太陽電池。 - 請求項1に記載の太陽電池であって、
前記透明導電層は、前記めっき電極が形成される電極形成領域の少なくとも一部において、前記電極形成領域外の領域よりも表面粗さが大きい太陽電池。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の太陽電池であって、
前記透明導電層は、前記めっき電極が形成される電極形成領域のうち、前記主面の端縁部に位置する領域において前記主面の中央部に位置する領域よりも表面粗さが大きい太陽電池。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の太陽電池であって、
前記透明導電層は、前記めっき電極が形成される電極形成領域のうち、前記めっき電極の長手方向端部に位置する領域において前記めっき電極の長手方向中央部に位置する領域よりも表面粗さが大きい太陽電池。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の太陽電池であって、
前記透明導電層は、前記めっき電極が形成される電極形成領域のうち、他の太陽電池と接続される配線材が取り付けられる範囲に対応する領域及び前記主面の端縁部に位置する領域の少なくとも一方において、これら以外の領域よりも表面粗さが大きい太陽電池。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池であって、
前記めっき電極は、前記透明導電層上の略全域を覆って形成される金属層を含み、
前記金属層は、配線材が取り付けられる範囲に貫通孔を有する太陽電池。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池であって、
前記めっき電極は、フィンガー部、及び配線材が取り付けられるバスバー部を含み、
前記バスバー部は、列状に並んだ複数の部分から構成され、前記複数の部分の間に間隙が形成されている太陽電池。 - 請求項6又は7に記載の複数の太陽電池と、
前記太陽電池同士を接続する配線材と、
前記太陽電池の前記めっき電極と前記配線材とを接着し、且つ前記めっき電極の前記貫通孔又は前記間隙に入り込んで前記配線材と前記透明導電層とを接着する接着剤と、
を備える太陽電池モジュール。 - 光電変換部の主面上に透明導電層を形成し、
前記透明導電層上の領域のうち、銀又は銅のめっき電極が形成される電極形成領域の少なくとも一部を還元処理した後、
前記電極形成領域に前記めっき電極を形成する、太陽電池の製造方法。 - 請求項9に記載の製造方法であって、
前記還元処理は、前記透明導電層上を覆うマスクパターンを形成した状態で行われ、
前記マスクパターンは、前記電極形成領域の少なくとも一部を露出させる太陽電池の製造方法。 - 請求項10に記載の製造方法であって、
前記マスクパターンは、前記電極形成領域の一部を覆うように形成され、
前記めっき電極を形成するめっき処理は、前記還元処理後に前記マスクパターンの一部を除去して前記電極形成領域の全域を露出させた状態で行われる太陽電池の製造方法。 - 請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法であって、
前記還元処理は、前記主面の端縁部に位置する前記電極形成領域のみで行われる、又は前記主面の中央部に位置する前記電極形成領域よりも前記主面の前記端縁部に位置する前記電極形成領域で還元の程度が強くなるように行われる太陽電池の製造方法。 - 請求項12に記載の製造方法であって、
前記還元処理は、前記主面の前記端縁部に位置する前記電極形成領域に還元用端子を取り付け、電解還元法を用いて行われる太陽電池の製造方法。 - 請求項9~13のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法であって、
前記めっき電極は、前記透明導電層上の略全域を覆って形成される金属層を含み、
配線材が取り付けられる範囲に対応する前記透明導電層上の領域の一部を残して、前記透明導電層上の略全域を覆うように前記金属層を形成する太陽電池の製造方法。 - 請求項9~14のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法であって、
前記めっき電極を形成するめっき処理は、複数の電解めっき用端子を列状に並べて前記透明導電層上に取り付け、電解めっき法を用いて行われる太陽電池の製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201211006610 DE112012006610T5 (de) | 2012-06-29 | 2012-06-29 | Solarzelle, Solarzellenmodul und Verfahren zum Fertigen einer Solarzelle |
JP2014522321A JP6065009B2 (ja) | 2012-06-29 | 2012-06-29 | 太陽電池モジュール |
PCT/JP2012/066676 WO2014002249A1 (ja) | 2012-06-29 | 2012-06-29 | 太陽電池、太陽電池モジュール、及び太陽電池の製造方法 |
US14/564,334 US20150090317A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2014-12-09 | Solar cell, solar cell module, and method for producing solar cell |
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JPWO2015118935A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-10 | 2017-03-23 | シャープ株式会社 | 光電変換素子およびそれを備えた太陽電池モジュール |
JP2017120810A (ja) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-06 | 日立化成株式会社 | 太陽電池セル及び太陽電池モジュール |
WO2017119036A1 (ja) * | 2016-01-05 | 2017-07-13 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュール |
US20170207354A1 (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2017-07-20 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Solar cell |
JP2018056490A (ja) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュールおよび太陽電池セル |
US10115840B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2018-10-30 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Solar cell and method for producing thereof |
US10249775B2 (en) | 2014-06-11 | 2019-04-02 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Solar cell and method for producing solar cell |
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- 2012-06-29 DE DE201211006610 patent/DE112012006610T5/de not_active Withdrawn
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JPWO2015118935A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-10 | 2017-03-23 | シャープ株式会社 | 光電変換素子およびそれを備えた太陽電池モジュール |
US10249775B2 (en) | 2014-06-11 | 2019-04-02 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Solar cell and method for producing solar cell |
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Also Published As
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US20150090317A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
JPWO2014002249A1 (ja) | 2016-05-30 |
JP6065009B2 (ja) | 2017-01-25 |
DE112012006610T5 (de) | 2015-04-23 |
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