WO2013180238A1 - 認知症治療剤又は予防剤 - Google Patents
認知症治療剤又は予防剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013180238A1 WO2013180238A1 PCT/JP2013/065090 JP2013065090W WO2013180238A1 WO 2013180238 A1 WO2013180238 A1 WO 2013180238A1 JP 2013065090 W JP2013065090 W JP 2013065090W WO 2013180238 A1 WO2013180238 A1 WO 2013180238A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4711—Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid plaque core protein
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
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- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
- C07K2317/565—Complementarity determining region [CDR]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dementia therapeutic agent or preventive agent. Specifically, the present invention relates to a novel anti-phosphorylated protein or peptide antibody having an effect of improving excellent cognitive function, and a cognition containing an antigen that can induce anti-phosphorylated tau antibody or anti-phosphorylated tau antibody. The present invention relates to an agent for treating or preventing symptom.
- Dementia refers to a condition in which intelligence once developed declines for some acquired reason and presents social adjustment difficulties.
- Dementia-related diseases are classified into neurodegenerative diseases, vascular dementia, prion diseases, infectious diseases, metabolic / endocrine diseases, trauma and brain surgical diseases, toxic diseases, etc.
- Non-patent Document 1 In Japan, there are about 2.1 million dementia patients as of 2010, and the prevalence of elderly people over 65 years old is said to be about 8-10%, more than 10%. It is recognized as a big problem (Non-Patent Document 2).
- Non-patent Document 2 Dementia due to a neurodegenerative disease is a disease characterized by an insidious onset of memory impairment and / or personality change that progresses over a period of at least 6 months.
- NFT neurofibrillary tangle
- Tau protein is a protein encoded by the MAPT gene present on chromosome 17 (17q21) in humans, and is one of the microtubule-binding proteins that are often expressed in the central system. It has been found that tau is a major constituent protein of paired helical filament and straight filament that constitutes NFT in AD, which is a representative of neurodegenerative diseases, and has been found to accumulate in cells in various neurological diseases. Diseases in which such intracellular accumulation of tau occurs are collectively referred to as tauopathy (Non-patent Document 4).
- the neurodegenerative diseases included in tauopathy include Alzheimer's disease (AD), cortical basal ganglia degeneration (CBD or CBS), progressive supranuclear palsy, Pick's disease, and addiction-granular dementia , Multiple system tauopathy with dementia (MSTD), frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), neurofibrillary tangle dementia, chronic neurofibrillary tangle with calcification Diseases (DNTC), white matter tauopathy with globular glial inclusions (WMT-GGI) frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau positive inclusions (FTLD-tau), etc.
- Tauopathy includes those caused by infectious diseases such as acute sclerosing panencephalopathy and those caused by trauma such as fist encephalopathy (Non-patent Document 4).
- Non-patent Document 4 The structure of the MAPT gene on the genome consists of 13 exons, and proteins as multiple isoforms are expressed by alternative splicing (Non-patent Document 4).
- the tau structure is characterized by a proline, an N-terminal acidic domain that consists of 0 to 2 (N0 to N2) 29 amino acid repeats (N) that depend on alternative splicing of exon 2 and exon 3.
- tau has a number of 3R0N (352 amino acids), 3R1N (381 amino acids), 3R2N (410 amino acids), 4R0N (383) depending on the number including the 29 amino acid repeat (N) and the repeat (R) involved in microtubule binding.
- 6 types of amino acids) ⁇ 4R1N (412 amino acids) and 4R2N (441 amino acids) are representative isoforms.
- isotypes only 3R0N exists in the embryonic brain, whereas all six isotypes exist in the adult human brain, but there are many 4R types (Non-patent Document 3). ).
- the difference between isotypes 3R and 4R depends on whether exon 10 is removed (3R) or included (4R) by alternative splicing.
- 4R2N (SEQ ID NO: 1) represents serine which is the 413rd amino acid residue
- 4R1N (SEQ ID NO: 2) represents 384th
- 4R0N (SEQ ID NO: 3) represents 355th
- 3R2N (SEQ ID NO: 4) represents serine, which is the 382rd amino acid residue of 382nd, 3R1N (SEQ ID NO: 5), 353rd, and 3R0N (SEQ ID NO: 6), the 324th amino acid residue.
- Non-patent Document 4 The involvement of tau in neurodegenerative diseases has been elucidated from the relationship between MAPT gene mutation and tau accumulation in frontotemporal dementia (FTDP-17) with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 first In FTDP-17, more than 40 types of gene mutations in the MAPT gene have been reported (Non-patent Document 4). It is suggested that such genetic mutation may be involved in the pathogenesis of a tau isoform due to a change in the ratio of tau isoforms or a change in the interaction of mutant tau with microtubules. However, unlike familial neurodegenerative diseases, MAPT mutations are often not found in sporadic neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In addition, tau accumulated in neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by being highly modified by phosphorylation.
- Non-patent Document 5 In patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there was a correlation between the amount of phosphorylated tau in the cerebrospinal fluid and pituitary atrophy, and phosphorylated tau is associated with neurodegeneration in patients with tauopathy. It is considered to be a highly reliable biomarker (Non-patent Document 5). For this reason, in order to suppress excessive phosphorylation of tau phosphate, kinases, which are enzymes involved in phosphorylation, and in particular, attempts to use enzyme inhibitors for GSK-3 ⁇ have been made and developed. (Non-patent document 5). However, since kinases such as GSK-3 ⁇ are considered to be enzymes related to functional control not only in pathological conditions but also in normal physiological actions, there are concerns about side effects and the like. In fact, some of tau phosphorylation sites by GSK-3 ⁇ coincide with tau phosphorylation sites found in fetuses and normal human brain (Non-patent Document 3). There is also a possibility of affecting the function of.
- tau present outside the cell leaked out due to cell death of degenerated neurons, but recent research has shown that tau is excessively phosphorylated inside the cell. It is believed to be actively secreted extracellularly through the process. Phosphorylated tau secreted outside the cell is dephosphorylated at some phosphorylation sites, and then acts on the muscarinic receptors M1 and M3 of surrounding cells to enhance intracellular tau phosphorylation And non-patent literature 7 and non-patent literature 7). In this way, since tau has been considered to act as a factor that acts outside the cell, the importance of therapeutic drugs that use high molecular weight compounds such as antibodies that are difficult to act intracellularly is also emphasized. It has come to be.
- a drug that acts on the dephosphorylated tau portion may affect the function of normal tau.
- Non-patent Document 5 Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and Patent Document 3
- Immunological treatment is performed for the purpose of inducing the production of specific antibodies by administering peptide vaccines and the like. Expected to reduce side effects due to high specificity for target proteins or peptides. Is done.
- a vaccine using a phosphorylated tau partial peptide (the amino acid residue corresponding to Ser396 and Ser404 was phosphorylated and the amino acid residue corresponding to Ser262 was phosphorylated) It has been reported that immunization of an animal model that expresses mutant tau has improved the improvement of the motor function of the model animal.
- Patent Document 4 an antibody that undergoes an antigen-antibody reaction is administered to a tau peptide phosphorylated at Ser409, and an effect relating to the treatment of tauopathy is observed.
- an expensive peptide vaccine the total dose is large, and the period until the effect appears is long.
- the effect of the peptide vaccine is that the reactivity of the immune response of the administered human or animal varies depending on the genetic background, and antibody production cannot be effectively induced in all individuals. Therefore, it is conceivable to use immunotherapy by passive immunization with antibodies, but there are a large number of sites that undergo phosphorylation in tau, and information on which phosphorylation site it is effective to use Is almost nonexistent. Moreover, even if it sees the effect in the animal model with the antibody which exists now, it cannot be considered that it has sufficient function for using for a treatment.
- the therapeutic dose of Actemra (registered trademark) (tocilizumab), a human anti-IL-6R antibody, is administered at 1 to 4 week intervals at 8 mg / kg body weight and Soliris (Registered humanized anti-complement C5 antibody) (Trademark) (Eculizumab) is administered at a dose of 600-900 mg per adult at a time, every 2-4 weeks.
- Actemra registered trademark
- Soliris Registered humanized anti-complement C5 antibody
- Eculizumab is administered at a dose of 600-900 mg per adult at a time, every 2-4 weeks.
- the antibody drugs it is necessary for the antibody drugs to be developed in the future to have effects at doses equivalent to or lower than these.
- the organ to be treated for dementia such as AD is the brain, but when systemic administration such as intravenous or subcutaneous administration is performed, antibody transfer from the blood to the brain due to the presence of the cerebrovascular barrier Since the rate is said to be low, antibodies used for the treatment of dementia are less likely to have a pharmacological effect than when targeting diseases of other organs, and there is a major problem.
- the main symptoms are memory impairment and cognitive impairment, especially because cognitive function is an important function for performing judgment, communication, and executive functions based on memory. It is an important symptom of symptom.
- the motor function is a symptom observed in frontotemporal dementia (FTDP-17) with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 and end-stage Alzheimer's disease, but it is not necessarily a central symptom shown in dementia. is not. Therefore, when considering the treatment of dementia, improving cognitive function is a central issue.
- FTDP-17 frontotemporal dementia
- FTDP-17 frontotemporal dementia
- FTDP-17 frontotemporal dementia
- chromosome 17 chromosome 17
- tauopathy an appropriate animal model of cognitive dysfunction caused by tauopathy
- An object of the present invention is to provide a therapeutic agent or preventive agent for dementia, focusing on tau phosphorylation in tauopathy. Further, the present invention relates to an antibody that specifically reacts with an antibody against tau phosphorylated at the amino acid residue corresponding to the vicinity of Ser413, or at least one amino acid residue having an amino acid sequence around Ser413. It aims at providing the dementia therapeutic agent or preventive agent which contains the made peptide as an active ingredient. Furthermore, the present invention provides a monoclonal antibody having a high effect of improving cognitive function, and further provides a method for producing an antibody suitable for the treatment of dementia, such as a humanized antibody, from the analysis of the structure of the monoclonal antibody. Objective.
- the tau protein in the present invention is meant to include not only 4R2N but also all six isoforms.
- the position of the amino acid residue in the present invention is specified based on the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 for convenience. For example, when expressed as the amino acid residue corresponding to Ser413 of SEQ ID NO: 1, No. 1 (4R2N) at 413th serine, SEQ ID NO: 2 (4R1N) at 384th, SEQ ID NO: 3 (4R0N) at 355th, SEQ ID NO: 4 (3R2N) at 382nd, SEQ ID NO: 5 (3R1N) at 353rd Or serine which is the 324th amino acid residue of SEQ ID NO: 6 (3R0N).
- Treatment for dementia comprising as an active ingredient an antibody that undergoes an antigen-antibody reaction with tau protein in which at least one of amino acid residues corresponding to positions 410 to 421 of the tau protein represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 has been phosphorylated Agent or preventive agent.
- the therapeutic or preventive agent for dementia according to (1) wherein the antibody reacts with an antigen-antibody reaction with tau protein that has undergone phosphorylation characteristic of dementia.
- (3) The antibody according to (1) or (2), wherein the antibody reacts with a tau protein phosphorylated at one or more sites selected from Ser412, Ser413, Thr414, and Ser416.
- An agent for treating or preventing dementia comprising as an active ingredient an antibody that undergoes an antigen-antibody reaction with tau protein in which at least one of amino acid residues corresponding to positions 410 to 421 of the tau protein represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 has been phosphorylated Agent or preventive agent.
- the antibody is an antibody that competes for binding with an antibody comprising VH consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 and VL consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 26 in binding to tau protein.
- the dementia therapeutic agent or preventive agent according to any one of (3).
- the antibody is represented by a CDR sequence of an H chain represented by SEQ ID NOs: 7 to 13, a CDR sequence of an H chain represented by at least one of SEQ ID NOs: 7 to 13, or represented by SEQ ID NOs: 7 to 13
- the therapeutic agent or preventive agent for dementia according to any one of (6).
- the antibody has an H chain variable region represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 18 to 24, or an H chain variable region having a sequence of 85% or more homology with any of SEQ ID NOs: 18 to 24, and / or Or an antibody having an L chain variable region represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 25 to 30, or an L chain variable region having a sequence homologous to at least 85% of any of SEQ ID NOs: 25 to 30, (1)
- the therapeutic or preventive agent for dementia according to any one of (7) to (7).
- a peptide comprising at least eight consecutive amino acid sequences among the amino acid sequences consisting of amino acid residues corresponding to amino acid numbers 410 to 421 of SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein at least one amino acid residue contained in the peptide is A therapeutic or prophylactic agent for dementia, comprising a phosphorylated peptide as an active ingredient.
- Tauopathy is Alzheimer's disease, cortical basal ganglia degenerative disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Pick's disease, granulosis of the gonadotrophic gland Frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome (FTDP-17), neurofibrillary tangle dementia, chronic neurofibrillary tangle with calcification (DNTC), protein with globular glial inclusions
- FTDP-17 neurofibrillary tangle dementia
- DNTC chronic neurofibrillary tangle with calcification
- the therapeutic or preventive agent for dementia according to (13), which is tauopathy (WMT-GGI) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-tau) with a tau positive inclusion body.
- an antibody against a phosphorylated tau protein wherein the antibody comprises VH consisting of the amino acid set forth in SEQ ID NO: 20 and VL consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26.
- the CDR sequence of the H chain represented by SEQ ID NOs: 7 to 13 the CDR sequence of the H chain represented by at least one of SEQ ID NOs: 7 to 13, or the H chain represented by SEQ ID NOs: 7 to 13
- (21) A peptide consisting of at least eight consecutive amino acid sequences among amino acid sequences consisting of amino acid residues corresponding to amino acid numbers 410 to 421 of SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein at least one amino acid residue contained in the peptide is Phosphorylated peptide.
- (22) The peptide according to (21), wherein at least one of amino acid residues corresponding to the amino acids of Ser412, Ser413, Thr414, and Ser416 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is phosphorylated.
- (23) The peptide according to (21) or (22), wherein the phosphorylated amino acid residue is an amino acid residue corresponding to Ser413 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the present invention relates to an antibody that specifically undergoes an antigen-antibody reaction against tau phosphorylated around the amino acid residue corresponding to Ser413 of SEQ ID NO: 1, or at least one amino acid sequence around Ser413 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- a dementia therapeutic agent or preventive agent By containing a peptide having an amino acid residue phosphorylated as an active ingredient, a dementia therapeutic agent or preventive agent can be provided.
- the present invention also provides a monoclonal antibody having a high effect of improving cognitive function, and further provides a method for producing an antibody suitable for the treatment of dementia such as a humanized antibody from the analysis of the structure of the monoclonal antibody. .
- FIG. 4 is a photograph showing immunohistochemical staining of the parahippocampal region of Ta1505 antibody in a memory learning damaged mouse (Tau-Tg) administered with Ta1505 antibody (1 mg / animal). It is a photograph showing immunohistochemical staining of hippocampal CA3 region and CA23 region by AT8 in mice with memory learning impairment (Tau-Tg) administered with control IgG (1 mg / animal) or Ta1505 antibody (1 mg / animal).
- FIG. 4 is a photograph showing immunohistochemical staining of the parahippocampal region of Ta1505 antibody in a memory learning damaged mouse (Tau-Tg) administered with Ta1505 antibody (1 mg / animal). It is a photograph showing immunohistochemical staining of hippocampal CA3 region and CA23 region by AT8 in mice with memory learning impairment (Tau-Tg) administered with control IgG (1 mg / animal) or Ta1505 antibody (1 mg / animal).
- FIG. 4 is a photograph showing immunohistochemical staining of the parahippocampal region by AT8 in a memory learning damaged mouse (Tau-Tg) administered with a control antibody (1 mg / animal). It is a photograph showing immunohistochemical staining of the parahippocampal region by AT8 of a memory learning damaged mouse (Tau-Tg) administered with Ta1505 (1 mg / animal). It is a graph which shows the amount of reactive Tau of G2, AT8, PHF1, and Ta1505 in the TBS soluble brain fraction of the memory learning damage mouse
- the present inventors produced an antibody that specifically reacts with antigen-antibody reaction to tau phosphorylated at the amino acid residue corresponding to Ser413 of SEQ ID NO: 1, which is a site that is specifically phosphorylated by AD.
- AD antigen-antibody reaction to tau phosphorylated at the amino acid residue corresponding to Ser413 of SEQ ID NO: 1
- cognitive function can be recovered to almost the same extent as in the subject group.
- an antibody against tau phosphorylated at the amino acid residue corresponding to Ser396 of SEQ ID NO: 1 having stronger affinity than the antibody of the present invention for an equivalent antigen was compared at the same concentration, There was not enough improvement in cognitive function.
- the portion around the amino acid residue corresponding to Ser413 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is a region where there is no particular information regarding the relationship between the structure and function of tau. Having such a strong cognitive improvement effect was a completely unexpected result. Therefore, the present invention has revealed for the first time that the site around the amino acid residue corresponding to Ser413 of SEQ ID NO: 1 that has not been noticed so far is an important site for the onset of cognitive dysfunction in tauopathy. The present invention has been reached.
- the tau (protein) in the present invention includes those gene variants in addition to the human tau proteins shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6. As shown in the background art above, in FTDP-17, which is a familial neurodegenerative disease related to dementia, more than 40 mutations are known, but the mutation sites are not limited thereto. Absent. Further, the number of mutations with respect to SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6 is 1 to 50, preferably 1 to 30, more preferably 1 to 10 amino acid mutations are also treated as tau in the present invention.
- a protein that shows 80% or more homology (Identities) by the BLAST method (default condition of NCBI PBLAST) with respect to the human tau protein shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and isoforms thereof are also included.
- Such includes tau in non-human species such as chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, horses, pigs, dogs, mice, rabbits, rats, etc. and targets such tau for the purpose of improving the cognitive function of such animals It is also possible to produce therapeutic agents or preventive agents.
- amino acid number in the present invention that is, the position of the amino acid residue is specified based on the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 for convenience. Therefore, for example, when expressed as an amino acid residue corresponding to Ser413 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the 413rd of SEQ ID NO: 1 (4R2N), the 384th of SEQ ID NO: 2 (4R1N), and 355 of SEQ ID NO: 3 (4R0N)
- the serine which is the 382nd amino acid residue of SEQ ID NO: 4 (3R2N), the 382rd of SEQ ID NO: 5 (3R1N), or the 324th amino acid residue of SEQ ID NO: 6 (3R0N).
- Table 1 shows the positions of amino acid residues at the same position in each isoform.
- Table 1 shows the positions of amino acid residues in the isoforms corresponding to 410 to 421 of SEQ ID NO: 1 are shown, but the positional relationship between amino acid residues present at other positions is as follows. For example, it can be easily understood based on FIG. 1 and FIG.
- Anti-phosphorylated tau antibody refers to an antibody that undergoes an antigen-antibody reaction with tau phosphorylated at one or more amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence of tau shown above.
- the amino acid residue to be phosphorylated include serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), tyrosine (Tyr) and the like.
- Ser serine
- Thr threonine
- Tr tyrosine
- Another desirable form of the site in the phosphorylated tau to which the anti-phosphorylated tau antibody of the present invention reacts with an antigen antibody is selected from amino acid residues corresponding to Ser412, Ser413, Thr414 and Ser416 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- amino acid residues corresponding to Ser412, Ser413, Thr414, and Ser416 of SEQ ID NO: 1 refer to the site corresponding to the amino acid number of human 4R2N tau (SEQ ID NO: 1).
- corresponding sites in isoforms and sites corresponding to non-human homologues shall be treated in the same manner regardless of the amino acid number assigned from the amino acid sequence.
- those skilled in the art can use Pairwise Sequence Alignment such as Needleman-Wunsch method and Smith-Waterman method, Multiple such as ClustalW method and PRRP method. It can be properly analyzed and understood by Sequence Alignment.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show amino acid sequences (indicated by one letter) of six types of human isoforms arranged in ClustalW. From this, the structures around the amino acid residues corresponding to Ser412, Ser413, Thr414, and Ser416 of SEQ ID NO: 1 are conserved in the six isoforms, and it is easy to understand which is the corresponding amino acid.
- the anti-phosphorylated tau antibody that can be used in the therapeutic agent or prophylactic agent of the present invention is a tau protein in which at least one of the amino acid residues present at positions 410 to 421 of the tau protein of SEQ ID NO: 1 has been phosphorylated.
- the antibody specifically reacts with tau protein, wherein one or more sites selected from amino acid residues corresponding to Ser412, Ser413, Thr414, and Ser416 of SEQ ID NO: 1 are phosphorylated.
- an antibody that reacts with an antibody and more preferably an antibody that competitively binds to an antibody having the VH amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20 and the VL amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 (hereinafter also referred to as “1505 antibody”); Desirably, it is an antibody that specifically reacts with Tau protein phosphorylated at the Ser413 site.
- the corresponding site represents a phosphorylated tau protein, more preferably a human tau protein, more preferably any one of the six isoforms in humans.
- tau protein in which at least one of amino acid residues corresponding to positions 410 to 421 of SEQ ID NO: 1 in the present invention has been phosphorylated amino acid residues corresponding to Ser412, Ser413, Thr414, and Ser416 of SEQ ID NO: 1
- Such phosphorylated tau proteins also include peptides that are completely homologous to a part of the amino acid sequence of the amino acid residue to be processed or have a sequence homology of 80% or more, and the corresponding amino acid residue is phosphorylated
- An antibody that specifically reacts with such a peptide with an antigen-antibody is also an anti-antibody in the present invention. It is a phosphorylated tau antibody.
- antigen-antibody reaction means a tau protein in which at least one of amino acid residues corresponding to positions 410 to 421 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is phosphorylated, Ser412, Ser413, Thr414 and Ser416 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- Binding with a dissociation constant (KD) of an affinity of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M or more, preferably binding with an affinity of an equilibrium dissociation constant of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 M or more, more preferably an equilibrium dissociation constant of 1 ⁇ 10 -8 Refers to binding with an affinity of M or higher.
- “specifically” corresponds to tau protein in which at least one of amino acid residues corresponding to positions 410 to 421 of SEQ ID NO: 1 has been phosphorylated, and corresponds to Ser412, Ser413, Thr414, and Ser416 of SEQ ID NO: 1. Binding to tau protein phosphorylated at one or more sites selected from amino acid residues and / or tau protein phosphorylated at the site of amino acid residues corresponding to Ser413 of SEQ ID NO: 1. More than 10 times stronger, preferably more than 30 times stronger than binding to non-phosphorylated tau protein (including peptides that are completely homologous to a portion of the amino acid sequence of tau protein or having a sequence homology of 80% or more), Desirably, it is 100 times stronger.
- “competitive binding” with the antibody (1505 antibody) whose amino acid sequence of VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 20 and whose amino acid sequence of VL is SEQ ID NO: 26 is that other antibodies are bound when the monoclonal antibody binds to an antigen.
- This refers to a phenomenon in which the binding of the monoclonal antibody is inhibited when coexisting.
- a certain amount (concentration) of the monoclonal antibody is added to another monoclonal antibody at a different amount (concentration).
- measurement can be performed by measuring the amount of addition (concentration) at which the binding amount of the monoclonal antibody to the antigen decreases, and the degree of inhibition can be expressed as a value of IC 50 or Ki.
- an antibody that competitively binds to the antibody (1505 antibody) whose amino acid sequence of VH is SEQ ID NO: 20 and whose VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 26 was used with the monoclonal antibody 10 nM to detect antigen-antibody binding.
- the IC 50 is a value lower than 1 ⁇ M, more preferably a value lower than 100 nM, and further preferably lower than 10 nM.
- Antibody antigen binding to the phosphorylated tau protein of such an antibody can be performed by those skilled in the art by appropriately selecting binding measurement in a solid phase or liquid phase system. Examples include, but are not limited to, the ELISA method, the EIA method, the surface plasmon resonance method, the FRET method, and the LRET method. Further, when measuring such antigen-antibody binding, the antibody and / or antigen (phosphorylated tau protein or tau protein) is labeled with an enzyme, fluorescent substance, luminescent substance, radioisotope, etc., and the labeled substance It is also possible to detect an antigen-antibody reaction using a measurement method suitable for the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the antibody.
- the anti-phosphorylated tau antibody of the present invention includes the amino acid sequence of CDR-H1 as the heavy chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 7 or 8, and the amino acid sequence of CDRH-H2 as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 9, 10, 11, and 12.
- CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of CDRH-H3 selected from the combination of any one of the above, and the L chain variable region is the CDR-L1 amino acid sequence.
- An antibody comprising the amino acid sequences of CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 14 or 15, the CDR-L2 amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, and the CDR-L3 amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17 included.
- the set of CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3 contained in the heavy chain variable region is SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 13; SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 13; SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 13; SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13; and SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 11 and SEQ ID NO: 13;
- An antibody wherein the set of CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3 contained in the region is SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17; or SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17, more preferably A set of CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3 contained in the heavy chain variable region, and CDR-L1, CDR-L2, and C contained in the light chain variable region
- CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3, CDR-L1, CDR-L2, or CDR-L3 amino acid sequences at least one of the corresponding CDR sequences is subjected to the BLAST method (NCBI PBLAST).
- the antibody of the present invention also includes sequences that show 85% or more homology (Identities), preferably 90% or more homology with any of SEQ ID NOs: 7 to 17 under default conditions.
- the Kabat method or Chothia method is used as a method for identifying the CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3, CDR-L1, CDR-L2, or CDR-L3 sequence in an antibody.
- the Kabat method or Chothia method is used.
- Those skilled in the art can identify the sequence of the portion corresponding to each CDR, such as Kabat (Kabat, EA and Wu, TT, J. Immunol., 147, 1709-1719, 1991) and Chothia (Al- Lazikani, B., Lesk, AM and Chothia, C., J. Mol. Biol., 273, 927-948, 1997) are technically common to those skilled in the art, for example Dr. You can also get an overview from the Andrew CR Martin's Group homepage (http://www.bioinf.org.uk/abs/).
- the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain variable region (VH) is any one selected from SEQ ID NOs: 18 to 24, and the amino acid sequence of the light chain variable region (VL) is SEQ ID NOs: 25 to 30.
- the combination of VH and VL amino acid sequences is SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 19 and SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 22 and SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 29, and SEQ ID NO: 24 and SEQ ID NO: 30.
- At least one of the amino acid sequences of VH and VL is any one of the amino acid sequences of VH shown in SEQ ID NOs: 18 to 24, or the amino acid sequences of VL shown in SEQ ID NOs: 25 to 30, and the BLAST method
- the antibodies of the present invention also include sequences that show 85% or higher homology (identities), preferably 90% or higher homology with SEQ ID NOs: 18 to 30 under NCBI PBLAST default conditions).
- the amino acid sequence of the constant region is selected from mammalian IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD subtypes or variants thereof.
- CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3 amino acid sequence and / or base sequence of the gene encoding it, CDR-L1, CDR-L2, CDR-L3 amino acid sequence and / or encoding it A person skilled in the art can design a recombinant antibody suitable for administration to a target species, such as a humanized antibody, for therapeutic purposes based on the information on the base sequence of the gene to be used.
- amino acid sequence of CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3, and / or the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding it the amino acid sequence of CDR-L1, CDR-L2, CDR-L3, and / or Information on the base sequence of the gene to be encoded, the amino acid sequence of the H chain variable region and / or the base sequence of the gene encoding it, the amino acid sequence of the L chain variable region and / or the base sequence of the gene encoding the same
- the production of low-molecular-weight antibodies and scaffold antibodies can be appropriately carried out by those skilled in the art using known techniques.
- the antibody in the present invention may be an antibody composed of two H chains and two L chains, or an antibody composed of only two H chains.
- the antibody of the present invention may be an antibody fragment. Examples of such an antibody fragment include structures such as F (ab ') 2, Fab, Fv and the like.
- the antibody in the present invention can be obtained using techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- the antibody in the present invention is a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody (Milstein et al., Nature (England), issued October 6, 1983, Vol. 305, No. 5934, p. 537-540). it can.
- the polyclonal antibody is one or more selected from tau protein in which at least one of amino acid residues corresponding to positions 410 to 421 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is phosphorylated, Ser412, Ser413, Thr414, and Ser416 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- bonded with carrier proteins, such as BSA and KLH, polylysine, etc. can be used.
- the peptide used as an antigen the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 31 or 32 in which the site corresponding to Ser413 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is phosphorylated can be used as described in Examples 1 and 2.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the monoclonal antibody in the present invention can be collected from a culture obtained by cloning a hybridoma obtained by removing immune cells from a mammal sensitized with an antigen and fusing them with myeloma cells and the like.
- Example 2 A method for obtaining such a monoclonal antibody is described in Example 2, and the monoclonal antibody obtained thereby has a VH amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 18 to 24 and a monoclonal antibody having a VL sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 25 to 30.
- Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, antibodies (Ta1501, 1502, 1505-1509).
- the obtained monoclonal antibody can obtain a nucleic acid molecule having a gene sequence encoding the amino acid of the protein of the antibody, and it is also possible to produce an antibody by genetic engineering using such a nucleic acid component. is there.
- the antibody's gene information is H chain, L chain, and their variable regions are modified to improve antibody binding and specificity using information such as CDR sequences. It is a technique well known to those skilled in the art to produce an antibody having a structure suitable for use as a therapeutic agent by modifying a human antibody into a human antibody. It is also possible to obtain a human-type monoclonal antibody by using a non-human-transgenic animal into which a human antibody gene has been introduced as an animal for sensitizing an antigen.
- a phage library (human antibody phage display) that expresses the antigen-binding region of a human antibody or a part thereof is used to specifically identify the corresponding antigen.
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately perform a technique for obtaining a phage clone comprising a binding antibody or a specific amino acid sequence and preparing a human antibody from the information. (For example, see Taketo Tanaka et al., Keio J. Med., 60, p37-46 review.)
- a method for producing the above-mentioned monoclonal antibody it is possible to cultivate a hybridoma that produces the antibody to be obtained, and to purify the antibody from the obtained culture supernatant by a conventional method.
- a gene encoding an antibody from a hybridoma producing the antibody to be obtained or a phage clone obtained by human antibody phage display, more specifically, an immunoglobulin heavy chain and / or light chain is obtained. It is also possible to obtain a gene to be encoded, prepare a vector for expressing the gene, and introduce it into a host cell (mammalian cell, insect cell, microorganism, etc.) to produce the antibody.
- a host cell mammalian cell, insect cell, microorganism, etc.
- the gene encoding the immunoglobulin heavy chain and / or light chain is genetically modified to introduce a desired trait, or the variable region or CDR region structure of the immunoglobulin heavy chain and / or light chain
- Production of humanized antibodies, antibody chimeric proteins, small molecule antibodies and scaffold antibodies using information can be carried out by those skilled in the art using known techniques.
- modification of the structure of the constant region of the antibody or modification at the sugar chain may be appropriately performed by techniques well known to those skilled in the art. It can be carried out.
- the present invention also includes a peptide containing a part of the amino acid sequence of tau and phosphorylating one or more amino acid residues thereof.
- a phosphorylated amino acid residue means a state in which a phosphate group is ester-bonded to the side chain of the amino acid residue. Typical examples of phosphorylated amino acid residues are serine, threonine, and tyrosine. Etc.
- the phosphorylated peptide is a peptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of amino acid residues corresponding to amino acid numbers 410 to 421 of SEQ ID NO: 1 having a length of at least 8 amino acids, preferably at least 5 consecutive amino acids, including at least 3 consecutive amino acids.
- the amino acid residue to be phosphorylated in the phosphorylated peptide is any one of the amino acid residues corresponding to amino acid numbers 410 to 421 of SEQ ID NO: 1, preferably the amino acids of Ser412, Ser413, Thr414 and Ser416 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- a typical example of such a phosphorylated peptide is the phosphorylated peptide (SEQ ID NO: 31) used in antibody production in Example 1, but is not limited thereto.
- the phosphorylated peptide having an amino acid sequence derived from the tau of the present invention can be used as an agent for treating or preventing dementia characterized by containing the antigen and the peptide in the preparation of the anti-phosphorylated tau antibody of the present invention.
- the phosphorylated peptide can be modified with a substance having other functions depending on the purpose at the N-terminal and / or C-terminal of the sequence.
- the phosphorylated peptide may have a form in which a methionine residue, an acetyl group, pyroglutamic acid or the like is added to the N-terminus of the phosphorylated peptide, or a form modified with a fluorescent substance.
- the substance that modifies the N-terminal and / or C-terminal of the phosphorylated peptide may be a peptide or protein.
- a suitable tag sequence typically at the N-terminal or C-terminal. Histidine tag or FLAG tag), amino acid sequence peptides for recognition by T cell receptors (TCR) and major histocompatibility antigens (MHC), viral and bacterial proteins, and peptides derived from them. The thing which was done is mentioned.
- the phosphorylated peptide in the present invention includes those in which at least one amino acid residue other than the N-terminal and C-terminal is modified with a compound or peptide.
- modifications of phosphorylated peptides are known to those skilled in the art, for example, as described in Hermanson et al. Bioconjugate techniques (USA, 1996, Academic Press). It is possible to implement using a method or the like.
- the phosphorylated peptide in the present invention can be produced by a person skilled in the art using a synthesis method, a genetic engineering method, or the like as appropriate.
- Methods for producing phosphorylated peptides by synthesis include the Boc method (Wakamiya T. et al., Chemistry Letters, Vol.22 P1401, 1993), and the Fmoc method (PERICH, J. W., International Journal of Peptide). and Protein 40Research, vol.40, P134-140, 1992), or the method described in Japanese Patent No. 3587390, etc., but those skilled in the art can appropriately implement other methods.
- the genetic engineering method is a method of preparing genetic material (DNA, RNA) having a base sequence encoding a peptide to be produced or a precursor thereof, and appropriately incorporating it into an expression vector or adding a promoter sequence.
- DNA, RNA genetic material having a base sequence encoding a peptide to be produced or a precursor thereof, and appropriately incorporating it into an expression vector or adding a promoter sequence.
- a phosphorylation reaction is appropriately carried out in the host by a kinase possessed by the host or whose expression is induced by genetic engineering, It can be produced by collecting the peptide once and then carrying out a phosphorylation reaction by reacting a kinase or the like in vitro.
- an enzyme whose function in the phosphorylation reaction of tau such as GSK3 or CDK5 is known as the target peptide.
- the target amino acid residue is phosphorylated.
- a method of recovering a phosphorylated peptide that specifically binds to an antibody by using an antibody may be used.
- Dementia in humans refers to a state in which intellectual functions that have been developed or acquired have declined, and are regarded as one of intellectual disabilities (Kunitoshi Ueshima, Shinichi Niwa, NANKODO's ESSENTIALWELL-ADVANCED SERIES New Psychiatry , P69-70, 2008), in a broad sense, considered to be a disease that exhibits intelligence impairment and / or memory impairment.
- neurodegenerative diseases such as AD
- “neurodegeneration” can be confirmed by confirming the presence of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) by performing histological analysis after death, Physicians use questions as neuropsychological tests for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases / Clinical Dementia Rating (Hasegawa simplified intelligence evaluation scale revision (HDS-R), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), etc. (CDR) and Functual Assessment Staging (FAST), biochemical tests such as increased tau and phosphorylated tau abundance and A ⁇ abundance in cerebrospinal fluid, imaging tests such as head CT, head MRI, Diagnosis of dementia, particularly dementia as a neurodegenerative disease, is made based on information obtained by SPECT, PET, or the like.
- NFT neurofibrillary tangle
- the therapeutic agent or preventive agent for dementia of the present invention is administered to a patient diagnosed as dementia by a doctor, and in one or more of the above-mentioned diagnosis items for neurodegenerative diseases, the effect of improving compared to before administration, or It has the effect of suppressing or maintaining or recovering the degree of progression of the condition to the state before administration by administration.
- the patient to which the therapeutic agent or preventive agent for dementia of the present invention is administered is a patient with dementia, particularly a tauopathy patient, among which Alzheimer's disease (AD), cortical basal ganglia degeneration (CBD or CBS), progressive supranuclear palsy, Pick's disease, granulopathic dementia (grossy silver granule disease), multiple system taupopathy dementia (MSTD), frontotemporal with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 Dementia (FTDP-17), neurofibrillary tangle dementia, chronic neurofibrillary tangle with calcification (DNTC), white matter tauopathy with globular glial inclusions (WMT-GGI) with tau positive inclusions Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-tau), sequelae of economy encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalopathy and fist encephalopathy Is any of the patient's blood.
- AD Alzheimer's disease
- CBD or CBS cortical basal
- the therapeutic agent for dementia of the present invention is also a therapeutic agent or preventive agent for tauopathy.
- AD Alzheimer's disease
- CBD or CBS cortical basal ganglia degeneration
- MSTD Multiple system tauopathy with dementia
- FTDP-17 frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17
- DNTC central nervous system
- WMT-GGI white matter tauopathy with globular glial inclusions
- WMT-GGI frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau positive inclusions
- Economo It can also be said that it is a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for encephalitis sequelae, subacute sclerosing panencephalopathy, fist encephalopathy and the like.
- the therapeutic agent or preventive agent for dementia of the present invention has an effect of improving cognitive function in non-human animals, or suppressing or maintaining the decrease in cognitive function.
- non-human animals include, but are not limited to, animals that express tau with high homology to human tau, chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, horses, pigs, dogs, mice, rabbits, rats, cats, etc. .
- Tg mice transgenic mouse
- Animal models, such as Tg mice, that express genetic mutant tau are useful as models of genetic familial tauopathy, but may be therapeutic agents or sporadic drugs for sporadic tauopathy that predominate in humans. In order to see the effect of the preventive agent, it is desirable to show the effect in Tg mice expressing normal type tau.
- the mouse prepared in the production example of the present invention is most suitable, but others include Kobe et al. (Neurobiology of Disease, Vol.42, P404-414). , 2011) and Kimura et al. (The EMBO J. vol.26. P5143-5152, 2007) can be used.
- Kobe et al. Nerobiology of Disease, Vol.42, P404-414.
- Kimura et al. The EMBO J. vol.26. P5143-5152, 2007
- Cognitive dysfunction is observed after 14 months and 20 months of age, respectively. There is a possibility of including effects, and there are problems and effects of long-term rearing.
- the mouse produced in the production example of the present invention expresses normal human tau and develops cognitive dysfunction relatively early as about 6 months of age. It is most suitable as a dementia model that can eliminate factors such as, and by using such a model, it is possible to evaluate a dementia treatment or prevention agent that has a clearer effect on improving cognitive function. .
- a method of testing cognitive functions such as a memory learning test is desirable.
- a method of testing cognitive functions such as a memory learning test.
- Morris water maze test, step-through learning test, novel substance recognition test, etc. can be used, but Open Field Test is used to support conditions such as behavioral amount and animal anxiety. It is desirable to combine behavior measurement test methods such as
- a method for examining the increase or decrease of tau protein or phosphorylated tau in brain tissue when administered to a model animal of dementia can also be used.
- AD and other neurodegenerative diseases it is said that an increase in tau protein expression level and abnormal phosphorylated tau is associated with pathological conditions (Khalid Iqbal et al., Curr. Alzheimer Res., .7, p654-664, 2010). It is also known that cognitive function and motor function are improved by reducing the expression of tau and the amount of abnormal phosphorylated tau in some disease model animals (K. SantaCruz et al., Science, Vol. 309).
- the effect of the therapeutic or prophylactic agent for dementia in the present invention in a model animal is used as pharmacological effect data in the development of a therapeutic or prophylactic agent in humans and the like.
- the form of the therapeutic or prophylactic agent for dementia of the present invention contains an anti-phosphorylated tau antibody, and preferably at least one of amino acid residues corresponding to positions 410 to 421 of SEQ ID NO: 1 of tau protein.
- One is an antibody that specifically undergoes an antigen-antibody reaction with phosphorylated tau protein, and one or more sites selected from amino acid residues corresponding to Ser412, Ser413, Thr414, and Ser416 of SEQ ID NO: 1 are phosphorylated.
- An antibody that reacts with a tau protein by antigen-antibody reaction more preferably an antibody that competitively binds to an antibody whose amino acid sequence of VH is SEQ ID NO: 20 and whose amino acid sequence of VL is SEQ ID NO: 26 (1505), and more preferably Is an anti-tau protein phosphorylated at the amino acid residue site corresponding to Ser413 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- Another form of the therapeutic agent or preventive agent for dementia of the present invention includes a peptide containing a part of the tau sequence and phosphorylated at one or more amino acid residues thereof.
- a peptide containing 8 or more amino acids in length including amino acids more preferably a peptide containing 8 or more amino acids in length including at least 8 consecutive amino acids.
- amino acid residue to be phosphorylated in the phosphorylated peptide is any one of the amino acid residues corresponding to amino acid numbers 410 to 421 of SEQ ID NO: 1, preferably the amino acids of Ser412, Ser413, Thr414 and Ser416 of SEQ ID NO: 1. Any one of the amino acid residues corresponding to, more preferably the amino acid residue corresponding to Ser413 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the description of such a peptide is described in the above-mentioned [phosphorylated peptide having an amino acid sequence derived from tau].
- the dementia therapeutic agent or preventive agent of the present invention may contain any pharmaceutically acceptable additive.
- the formulation with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients is “REMINGTON: THE SCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF PHARMACY 20th EDITION, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Williams & Wilkins, December 15, 2000 It is also possible to implement by the method described in “Japanese issue”.
- One form of such a therapeutic or prophylactic agent is provided as a liquid prepared by dissolving, suspending or emulsifying in a sterile aqueous or oily liquid.
- Such a solvent examples include distilled water for injection, physiological saline and the like, and in addition, an osmotic pressure regulator (for example, D-glucose, D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, sodium chloride, etc.).
- an osmotic pressure regulator for example, D-glucose, D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, sodium chloride, etc.
- Appropriate solubilizers such as alcohol (for example, ethanol), polyalcohol (for example, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), nonionic surfactant (for example, polysorbate 80, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 50), etc. are used in combination. Sometimes it is done.
- An oily liquid may be used as the solvent.
- oily liquid examples include sesame oil and soybean oil, and benzyl benzoate and benzyl alcohol may be used in combination as a solubilizing agent.
- a buffer eg, phosphates buffer, acetates buffer
- a soothing agent eg, benzalkonium chloride, procaine hydrochloride, etc.
- a stabilizer eg, human serum albumin
- preservatives eg, ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid and their salts
- colorants eg, copper chlorophyll, ⁇ -carotene, red No. 2, blue No.
- preservatives eg, paraoxy Benzoic acid esters, phenol, benzethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, etc.
- thickeners eg hydroxypropylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and their salts
- stabilizers eg human serum albumin, mannitol, sorbitol, etc.
- flavoring Additives such as menthol and citrus flavors may be used .
- Other forms of therapeutic or prophylactic agents include solid agents such as powders, tablets, granules, capsules, pills, suppositories, and lozenges.
- excipients eg, crystalline cellulose, lactose, starch, etc.
- lubricants eg, magnesium stearate, talc, etc.
- binding Agents hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, macrogol, etc.
- disintegrating agents eg, starch, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, etc.
- additives such as preservatives (for example, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, methyl paraoxybenzoate, propyl paraoxybenzoate, etc.), antioxidants, coloring agents, sweeteners, and the like can be used.
- preservatives for example, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, methyl paraoxybenzoate, propyl paraoxybenzoate, etc.
- antioxidants coloring agents, sweeteners, and the like
- coloring agents sweeteners, and the like
- sweeteners and the like
- Thickeners, thickeners, etc. e.g. mucin, agar, gelatin, pectin, carrageenan, sodium alginate, locust bin gum, xanthan gum, tragacanth gum, gum arabic, chitosan, pullulan, waxy starch, sucralfate, cellulose and the like
- Derivatives for example, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, acrylic acid (meth) acrylic acid alkyl copolymer, or a salt thereof, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, etc.
- Therapeutic or prophylactic form and solvent Additives are not limited to, it can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
- the therapeutic agent or preventive agent for dementia in the present invention also includes a therapeutic agent or prophylactic agent containing a substance having an effect of suppressing the progress of existing dementia in addition to the above-mentioned anti-phosphorylated tau antibody or phosphorylated peptide. It is.
- the therapeutic agent or preventive agent for dementia in the present invention includes a therapeutic agent or prophylactic agent containing the above-mentioned anti-phosphorylated antibody or phosphopeptide and a treatment containing a substance having an effect of suppressing the progress of existing dementia.
- a kit for the combined use of an agent or a prophylactic agent is also included.
- substances that suppress the development of dementia include, but are not limited to, donepezil, galantamine, memantine, and rivastigmine.
- a dose of a therapeutic agent or a preventive agent containing a substance having an effect of suppressing the development of dementia or a substance having an effect of suppressing the development of dementia the dose used for usual treatment may be used. However, it can be increased or decreased depending on the situation.
- the antibodies used in the examples of the present invention show a medicinal effect by acting in the brain through the cerebrovascular barrier even by peripheral administration such as intraperitoneal administration.
- a preparation for efficiently supplying anti-phosphorylated tau antibody used for the therapeutic agent or preventive agent for dementia in the present invention to brain tissue, and such a formulation is also a therapeutic agent for dementia of the present invention.
- Known methods for efficiently supplying antibodies, peptides, and the like to brain tissue through the cerebrovascular barrier include a method of adding a targeting substance and a method of encapsulating in liposomes or nanoparticles.
- Peptides, proteins, or compounds that have characteristics that bind to specific receptors, transporters, etc., as substances for targeting that change the overall or partial charge characteristics by binding to antibodies Can be used.
- Examples of peptides, proteins or compounds that have the property of binding to specific receptors, membrane proteins, etc. include receptor ligands, ligands that bind to membrane proteins and their analogs, receptor ligands and membrane proteins.
- receptor ligands and membrane proteins that are targets of peptides, proteins or compounds that have the property of binding to specific receptors and transporters include transferrin receptor (TfR), insulin receptor (IR), Insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR), LDL receptor-related protein (LRP), diphtheria toxin receptor (HB-EGF), and the like, but are not limited thereto (Angela R. Jones et al., Pharm .Res., 24, p1759-1771, 2007).
- the targeting substance can be chemically added to the antibody used in the therapeutic agent or preventive agent for dementia of the present invention.
- a known method such as a bioconjugate such as Hermanson is used.
- a targeting substance may be bound to a liposome or nanoparticle including an antibody or a peptide (Sonu Bhaskar et al., Particle and Fiber Fibrous Toxicology, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2010).
- the targeting substance when it is a peptide or protein, it can be produced as a fusion peptide by peptide chemical synthesis, or a nucleic acid consisting of a base sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of the peptide or protein can be used for the antibody or peptide used.
- a nucleic acid comprising a base sequence encoding an amino acid sequence
- the therapeutic agent or prophylactic agent in the present invention can be administered orally or parenterally for the purpose of improving symptoms.
- dosage forms such as granules, powders, tablets, capsules, solutions, syrups, emulsions or suspensions, and elixirs can be selected.
- parenteral administration for example, a nasal agent can be used, and a liquid agent, a suspension agent, a solid preparation and the like can be selected.
- Another form of parenteral administration can be an injection, which includes subcutaneous injections, intravenous injections, infusions, intramuscular injections, intraventricular injections or intraperitoneal injections, etc. Can be selected.
- parenteral administration examples include suppositories, sublingual agents, transdermal agents, transmucosal agents other than nasal agents, and the like. Furthermore, it can also be administered locally to a blood vessel in such a manner that it is contained or applied to a stent or an intravascular embolic agent.
- the dose of the therapeutic agent or prophylactic agent in the present invention varies depending on the age, sex, weight, symptoms, therapeutic effect, administration method, treatment time, type of active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical composition, etc.
- the main agent can be administered in the range of 0.1 mg to 1 g, preferably in the range of 0.5 mg to 200 mg, once per adult.
- a dose smaller than the above dose may be sufficient, or a dose exceeding the above range may be required.
- the therapeutic agent or prophylactic agent in the present invention can obtain an effect in a short administration period.
- the pSer413 (S) peptide was synthesized, purified by HPLC, and covalently bound to KLH (Keyhole® Limpet® Hemocyanin).
- the obtained conjugate was used for one immunization of 0.1 mg per rabbit.
- the first immunization was performed by mixing 0.2 mL of the conjugate solution (conjugate concentration 0.5 mg / mL) with the same amount of Freund's complete adjuvant, and shaving the back of a white Japanese rabbit to 50 ⁇ L at 8 locations. This was done by intradermal injection.
- Freund's incomplete adjuvant was used and the same immunizations were performed twice every two weeks.
- the serum antibody level was confirmed by the following method.
- the pSer413 (S) peptide was diluted to 5 ⁇ g / mL with PBS, dispensed at 100 ⁇ L / well on the plate, and allowed to stand at 4 ° C. overnight. After removing the solution, blocking buffer (manufactured by MBL) was dispensed at 250 ⁇ L / well and allowed to stand overnight at 4 ° C. Diluted series of pre-immune rabbit serum and post-immune rabbit serum 100, 500, 2500, 12,500, 62,500 times, blank, diluted with PBS, added at 100 ⁇ L / well, and 60 ° C. at 25 ° C. Reacted for 1 minute.
- an anti-rabbit IgG-peroxidase label (MBL) diluted 8000 times with diluted Buffer (MBL) was added at 100 ⁇ L / well and reacted at 25 ° C. for 60 minutes.
- 100 ⁇ L / well of a color developing solution (MBL) was added, color was developed for 3 to 10 minutes, and 2N sulfuric acid was added at 100 ⁇ L / well to stop the reaction. After the reaction was stopped, the absorbance was measured at a measurement wavelength of 450 nm and a reference wavelength of 620 nm.
- pSer413 (L) peptide [Pser413 (S) peptide (underlined) further extended in the N-terminal and C-terminal direction (SEQ ID NO: 33, synthesized by Biosynthesis): N- ProArgHisLeuSerAsnValSer (pSer) ThrGlySer IleAspMetValVal Alternatively, NonP (L) peptide (SEQ ID NO: 34, synthesized by Biosynthesis), which has the same amino acid sequence but is not phosphorylated at the site corresponding to Ser413, is diluted to 1 ⁇ g / mL with PBS and then added to the plate at 50 ⁇ L / well.
- blocking buffer (3% BSA-PBS) was dispensed at 250 ⁇ L / well and allowed to stand at 37 ° C. for 1 hour or longer.
- the purified antibody was diluted with PBS, and the serialized product was added at 50 ⁇ L / well and reacted at 25 ° C. for 90 minutes.
- goat anti-rabbit IgG-alkaline phosphatase label (Bioscience) diluted 2,000 times with diluted Buffer (3% BSA-PBS) was added at 50 ⁇ L / well and allowed to react at 25 ° C. for 60 minutes. It was.
- the purified antibody was highly specific for the pSer413 (L) peptide and hardly reacted with the nonP (L) peptide. Therefore, the antibody is an antibody that specifically reacts with pSer413 (L) in an antigen-antibody reaction (in this specification, it may be referred to as “pSer413-recognized rabbit polyclonal antibody” or “pS413AB”).
- Example 2 Production of monoclonal antibody (Ta15 series) against pSer413 peptide
- the amino acid residue corresponding to the 413rd Ser of the amino acid sequence of human tau protein shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 was phosphorylated at the 403rd Thr.
- a synthetic peptide pSer413 (Im) peptide (SEQ ID NO: 35) with GlyCysSerGly attached to the N-terminal site of the sequence corresponding to the 423th to 423th Pro was used.
- the pSer413 (Im) peptide was synthesized and then purified by HPLC, and covalently bound to KLH (Keyhole Lime Hemocyanin).
- the obtained conjugate was used for one immunization of 0.04 mg per mouse. Immunization was performed by mixing 0.4 ml of the conjugate solution (1.1 mg / ml in terms of peptide) with 0.7 mL of complete saline and 1.1 mL of Freund's complete adjuvant, and injecting intraperitoneally into 10 mice at 200 ⁇ L. Similar immunizations (the same immunization site and antigen amount were used, but Freund's incomplete adjuvant was used) were performed three more times every two weeks.
- spleen cells was further crushed with a rubber plug surface, suspended in cold RPMI 1640 medium and filtered in the same manner, and the filtrate was collected. Finally, cold RPMI 1640 medium (or cold PBS) was added so that the spleen cell suspension became 40 mL. The lymphocyte concentration in the suspension was measured with a hemocytometer, and lymphocytes corresponding to 2 ⁇ 10 7 cells were finally transferred to a 50 mL centrifuge tube.
- a mouse myeloma cell P3X63Ag8 / U1 strain in the logarithmic growth phase corresponding to 4 ⁇ 10 7 cells cultured in the culture medium B (RPMI1640 + 10% fetal calf serum + 2 mM glutamine + 100 ⁇ g / mL streptomycin + 100 units / mL penicillin) (Abbreviated as P3 ⁇ U1) was added, the mixture was centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was discarded. The cell pellet was well dispersed by tapping the test tube.
- PEG solution polyethylene glycol solution
- PEG solution polyethylene glycol solution
- RPMI 1640 2.3 mL + polyethylene glycol 2000 (1.4 mL) + dimethyl sulfoxide (0.3 mL): hereinafter abbreviated as “PEG solution”.
- PEG solution a polyethylene glycol solution
- the cells were gently suspended. After 1 minute, 0.5 mL of PEG solution was slowly added dropwise over 1 minute, 1.0 mL of RPMI1640 was further added dropwise over 1 minute, and RPMI1640 was further added dropwise over 2 minutes over 2 minutes.
- HAT / GIT culture solution (GIT medium [Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.] + 5% fetal calf serum + 100 ⁇ g / mL streptomycin + 100 units / mL penicillin + 95 ⁇ M hypoxanthine + 0.4 ⁇ M aminopterin + 16 ⁇ M thymidine) was added dropwise over 2 minutes. 4 mL of HAT / GIT culture solution was added dropwise over 2 minutes. Finally, HAT / GIT culture solution was added to make a 40-50 mL cell suspension. After incubation in a thermostatic bath at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes, this was seeded on 7 culture plates (96 holes).
- a mouse (ICR system) peritoneal macrophage (feeder cell) was cultured for several days (> 1 ⁇ 10 5 / well) 96 well plate (feeder plate). The plate was then cultured for 7-10 days at 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 .
- the pSer413 (L) peptide was diluted with PBS to 1 ⁇ g / mL, dispensed into a 96-well plate at 50 ⁇ L / well, and allowed to stand at 4 ° C. overnight. After removing the solution, blocking buffer (3% BSA-PBS) was dispensed at 250 ⁇ L / well and left at room temperature for 1 hour or longer.
- Blocking buffer (3% BSA-PBS) was aspirated, and the hybridoma supernatant was added at 30-50 ⁇ L / well and reacted at 25 ° C. for 60 minutes.
- PBS-Tween phosphate buffered saline
- secondary antibody alkaline phosphatase-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG-Fc antibody [SouthernBiotech] diluted 2000 times in blocking buffer
- a substrate solution a solution in which 0.7 to 1.2 mg / mL PNPP [paranitrophenyl phosphate] was added to 2.5 M MgCl 2 -containing 0.1 M Diethanolamine buffer, pH 9.8 was added, After color development at 25 ° C. for 60 minutes, the absorbance was measured at a measurement wavelength of 405 nm.
- Cells that were positive in this screening were removed from the cells, counted with a hemocytometer, seeded on a 96-well plate (former feeder plate) at 1 to 3 cells / well, and cloned by limiting dilution. (Ta1501, Ta1502, Ta1505 to 1509).
- the clones were cultured in large quantities, and then the antibody was purified using a protein G column.
- Ta1505 is the same as Ta1505-2.
- the isotype was determined using an AbD serotec kit.
- the purified antibody was reacted with an ELISA plate coated with partial peptides for various phosphorylation sites of tau, and the phosphate group specificity was examined.
- the method was as follows.
- Various tau peptides (pS46 [SEQ ID NO: 36], pS199 [SEQ ID NO: 37], pS202 [SEQ ID NO: 38], pT212 [SEQ ID NO: 39], pS214 [SEQ ID NO: 40], pT212 / pS214 [SEQ ID NO: 41], pT217 [ SEQ ID NO: 42], pS413 [SEQ ID NO: 33], non pS413 [SEQ ID NO: 34]) in 10% DMSO or peptide and BSA conjugate (pS400 [SEQ ID NO: 43] -BSA, pS412 [SEQ ID NO: 44])
- a PBS solution of BSA was diluted to 1 ⁇ g / mL with PBS (pH 7), added
- Ta15 series reacted only with pSer413 among the peptides studied, and had extremely high phosphate group specificity.
- One method of measurement is to immobilize an anti-mouse antibody (code # BR-1008-38) on a CM5 chip (chip with carboxymethyldextran layer, code # BR-1100-14) by covalent bond by amine coupling reaction ( code # BR-1006-33), the Ta15 series antibody was bound to the immobilized anti-mouse antibody, and the binding kinetics of the antigen peptide was measured for the bound Ta15 series antibody.
- the reaction solution for specific binding was HBS-EP buffer (code # BR-T-1001-88), and the CM5 chip was N-ethyl-N ′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) -carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N -Activated with a mixed solution of hydroxysuccinimide (NHS).
- EDC N-ethyl-N ′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) -carbodiimide hydrochloride
- NHS hydroxysuccinimide
- one is a negative antibody (mouse IgG2a isotype control, R & D Systems, code # MAB003)
- the other flow cell is a Ta15 series antibody, and each has a density of about 1000 RU.
- HBS-EP buffer with 1M NaCl (0.01M HEPES pH7.4, 0.15M NaCl, 3mM EDTA, 0.005% v / v Surfactant P20) reacted for 3 minutes and adsorbed nonspecifically
- the antibody was removed and the HBS-EP buffer was reacted for 10 minutes at a flow rate of 50 uL / min to stabilize the baseline.
- the peptide is serially diluted with HBS-EP buffer at a concentration of 100 pM to 5 mM (near the approximate binding dissociation constant [KD]), and the resulting peptide solution (5 concentrations) is continuously added from the low concentration side.
- the reaction was carried out for 4 to 6 minutes (uniformly) with an interval of 6 minutes each, and the binding kinetics were measured.
- binding kinetic data of the antigen peptide binding kinetic data by a non-phosphorylated peptide (non pSer413 peptide) was obtained as a negative peptide and subtracted from the binding kinetic data of the antigen peptide in order to eliminate the influence of noise caused by the manipulation. In addition, the binding of the non-phosphorylated peptide to the antibody is not observed at the measured concentration.
- Specific binding kinetics data was fitted with Single cycle kinetics 1: 1 binding with drift model using Biacore analysis software (BIAevaluation: single cycle kinetic analysis, code # AP-4000-01), and kinetic association rate ( Ka) and dissociation rate (Kd) were obtained simultaneously (Karlsson.
- Ta1505 antibody having the strongest affinity to the antigenic peptide was used for behavioral tests using memory-impaired mice.
- Example 4 Production of monoclonal antibody recognizing pSer396 and / or pSer404 peptide
- amino acid residues corresponding to Sers 396 and 404 in the amino acid sequence of human tau protein represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 are phosphorylated.
- a synthetic peptide (SEQ ID NO: 47: synthesized by Biosynthesis) with GlyCys added to the N-terminal site of the sequence from the 379th Arg to the 408th Leu was used (hereinafter referred to as the pSer396 / pSer404 peptide).
- pSer396 / pSer404 peptide N-GlyCys-ArgGluAsnAlaLysAlaLysThrAspHisGlyAlaGluIleValTyrLys (pSer) ProValValSerGlyAspThr (pSer) ProArgHisLeuC47
- the pSer396 / pSer404 peptide was purified by HPLC, and the resulting conjugate covalently bound with Maleimide activated KLH (Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin) (Thermo Scientific) was about 0. 0 per Balb / c mouse. 04 mg was used for one immunization. Immunization was performed by mixing 0.3 mL of the conjugate solution (0.77 mg / ml in terms of peptide) and 0.3 mL of Freund's complete adjuvant and injecting 100 ⁇ L each into 4 mice. Two of them received intraperitoneal immunity (antigen amount was the same, Freund's incomplete adjuvant was used) and sole immunity (antigen + Titer Max adjuvant was used).
- Immunization alone was performed twice more every two weeks. 15 days after the last immunization, the antigen solution (dissolved in Saline) was injected into the tail vein of mice with high serum antibody titers to the antigen and subjected to intraperitoneal immunization and sole immunization, and 3 days later. The animals were sacrificed and spleens were collected. Using two 18G injection needles, the spleen was loosened, and then the loosened spleen was gently crushed with a rubber stopper surface.
- the crushed splenocytes were suspended in about 10 mL of cold RPMI 1640 medium, the supernatant was filtered with a 40 ⁇ m cell strainer, and the filtrate was collected in a 50 mL centrifuge tube. Debris of spleen cells was further crushed with a rubber plug surface, suspended in cold RPMI 1640 medium and filtered in the same manner, and the filtrate was collected. Cold RPMI 1640 medium (or cold PBS) was added so that the final spleen cell suspension was 40 mL. The lymphocyte concentration in the suspension was measured with a hemocytometer, and lymphocytes corresponding to 2 ⁇ 10 7 cells were finally transferred to a 50 mL centrifuge tube.
- mouse myeloma cells P3 ⁇ U1 corresponding to 4 ⁇ 10 7 cells cultured in culture medium B (RPMI1640 + 10% fetal bovine serum + 2 mM glutamine + 100 ⁇ g / mL streptomycin + 100 units / mL penicillin)
- culture medium B RPMI1640 + 10% fetal bovine serum + 2 mM glutamine + 100 ⁇ g / mL streptomycin + 100 units / mL penicillin
- the mixture was centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was discarded.
- the cell pellet was well dispersed by tapping the test tube.
- 0.5 mL of PEG solution was added to gently float the cells.
- HAT / GIT culture solution (GIT medium [Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.] + 5% fetal calf serum + 100 ⁇ g / mL streptomycin + 100 units / mL penicillin + 95 ⁇ M hypoxanthine + 0.4 ⁇ M aminopterin + 16 ⁇ M thymidine) was added dropwise over 2 minutes. 4 mL of HAT / GIT culture solution was added dropwise over 2 minutes.
- HAT / GIT culture solution was added to make a 40-50 mL cell suspension. After incubation in a thermostatic bath at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes, this was seeded on 7 culture plates (96 wells).
- a culture plate a mouse (ICR system) peritoneal macrophage (feeder cell) was cultured for several days (> 1 ⁇ 10 5 / well) 96 well plate (feeder plate). The plate was then cultured for 7-10 days at 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 . Half of the culture broth was replaced with a fresh HT broth (HAT / GIT broth removed from aminopterin) every week to obtain hybridomas.
- Non-phosphorylated peptide-BSA or pSer396 / pSer404 peptide-BSA was diluted with PBS to 1 ⁇ g / mL, dispensed into a 96-well plate at 50 ⁇ L / well, and allowed to stand at 4 ° C. overnight. After removing the solution, blocking buffer (3% BSA-PBS) was dispensed at 250 ⁇ L / well and left at room temperature for 1 hour or longer. Blocking buffer (3% BSA-PBS) was aspirated, and the hybridoma supernatant was added at 30-50 ⁇ L / well and reacted at 25 ° C. for 60 minutes.
- a detection reagent (a solution in which alkaline phosphatase-labeled Protein A diluted 2,000-fold in blocking buffer) was added at 100 ⁇ L / well. And reacted at 25 ° C. for 60 minutes. After washing, 100 ⁇ L / well of a substrate solution (a solution in which 0.7 to 1.2 mg / mL PNPP [paranitrophenyl phosphate] was added to 2.5 M MgCl 2 -containing 0.1 M Diethanolamine buffer, pH 9.8) was added, After color development at 25 ° C. for 60 minutes, the absorbance was measured at a measurement wavelength of 405 nm.
- a substrate solution a solution in which 0.7 to 1.2 mg / mL PNPP [paranitrophenyl phosphate] was added to 2.5 M MgCl 2 -containing 0.1 M Diethanolamine buffer, pH 9.8 was added, After color development at 25 ° C. for 60 minutes, the absorbance was measured at a measurement wavelength of 405 nm.
- the escape time until reaching the platform was recorded as data. Mice that did not escape within 60 seconds were guided to the platform by the operator's hand, and the escape time was treated as 60 seconds. Mice on the platform were removed from the pool after 10 seconds and allowed to move freely until the next trial, allowing the body to dry. The average number of seconds of the escape time of 5 trials was used for the results of mice per day. When the results of the Control group (nonTg) were stabilized, the acquisition test was terminated, and the probe test was performed the next day. Probe test: The day after the last day, the platform was removed from the pool and a 60-second free swim was filmed with a video camera.
- the video taken was observed and the time during which a free-swimming mouse was swimming in the quadrant where the platform was present among the four quadrants was measured and expressed as a percentage in 60 seconds. At this time, the same analysis was performed for swimming up to 30 seconds after putting the pool.
- the significant difference test of the trial (acquisition) test was performed by repeated measure, Fisher's PLSD, and the significant test of Probe test was performed by Fisher's PLSD.
- mice were given one 20 minute session. The mouse was placed in the center of the acrylic box, the door was quickly closed and the soundproof environment was established, and the session was started. The first half of the session was measured for free behavior under bright conditions, and the second half of the session was measured for free behavior under dark conditions with the lights off. Analysis: The amount of action per minute of the mouse is indicated by a line graph for each of locomation and rearing. When it can be confirmed that the behavior amount of the mouse has changed in response to the environmental change to the dark condition 10 minutes after the start of the session, the vision is defined as normal.
- the total amount of action for each of the light condition and the dark condition, and the total action amount for 20 minutes are shown by a bar graph.
- a significant difference test between groups was performed for the total amount of behavior of Locomation and rearing. Lomotion is mainly interpreted as self-issued movement amount, and rearing is mainly interpreted as exploration action amount, but in reality, both indicators influence each other (eg, even if locomation seems to be decreasing, at that time In fact, if rearing is increasing, it can't be said that the amount of action is decreasing).
- a mouse anti-human synaptophysin antibody (SIGMA SVP-38 diluted 200-fold with TS containing 10% bovine serum) was mounted and treated overnight at 4 ° C. .
- a FITC-labeled anti-mouse IgG antibody (the antibody of VECTOR was diluted 20-fold with TS containing 10% bovine serum) was mounted and treated at room temperature for 60 minutes.
- VECTASHIELD VECTOR
- Example 6 Effect of administration of Ta1505 antibody on neuronal function Immunostaining of antisynaptophysin antibody in the hippocampal CA3 region, which is the center of memory of the effect of administration of Ta1505 antibody on the amount of synaptophysin known as a marker reflecting neuronal function We investigated by. The fluorescence intensity was quantified with NIH-Image J. The results are shown in FIG. Although not significant, administration of Ta1505 antibody showed a recovery in hippocampal synaptophysin levels.
- Example 7 Determination of nucleotide sequence of Ta15 series monoclonal antibody cDNA (1) Purification of hybridoma total RNA Various monoclonal antibody-producing hybridomas were cultured, and cells were lysed using 1 mL of ISOGEN per well of a 6-well plate. To this solution, 0.2 mL of chloroform was added, mixed by vortexing, and allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 to 3 minutes. The mixture was centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4 ° C., and the upper layer was transferred to a new tube. To this, 0.5 mL of isopropyl alcohol was added, mixed, and left at room temperature for 10 minutes.
- 5′-RACE and 3′-RACE cDNAs were synthesized using SMART-RACE Kit (Clonetech) and 5′-RACE and 3 ′. -Performed RACE.
- PCR reaction was performed using Advantage 2 Polymerase Mix (manufactured by Clonetech) according to the attached protocol.
- the PCR product obtained by 5′-RACE and 3′-RACE was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, the main amplified DNA fragment was excised from the agarose gel, inserted into a TA cloning vector (manufactured by Invitrogen), and transformed into Escherichia coli.
- TA cloning vector manufactured by Invitrogen
- antibodies diluted with PBS were administered intraperitoneally once a week for a total of 5 times, each time 0.1 mg per mouse.
- PBS used for preparing the antibody or mouse IgG monoclonal antibody not reactive with tau was administered to the peritoneal cavity at the same dose.
- PBS used in preparing the antibody was administered to the peritoneal cavity at the same dose against non-Tg literates.
- Example 9 Change in brain phosphorylated Tau amount by administration of Ta 1505 antibody Regarding the hippocampal region, which is the center of memory, the effect of Ta 1505 antibody administration on the amount of phosphorylated Tau in the brain of Tau-Tg mice was recognized.
- Antibody and AT8 antibody PHF recognition pSer202 / pThr205 epitope
- 5 animals were selected from each group and fixed at reflux with 4% paraformaldehyde / PBS.
- the brain was taken out and embedded in paraffin, and a 5 ⁇ m slice was prepared with a microtome.
- the cells were treated with xylene and ethanol four times for 10 minutes each, deparaffinized, and the sections were boiled at pH 2 for 10 minutes at room temperature (antigen activation treatment). After returning to room temperature, it was washed twice with Tris-buffered saline (TS) for 10 minutes. Blocking was performed for 60 minutes at room temperature with TS containing 20% bovine serum. Anti-tau antibody (Ta1505, AT8) diluted to 1 ug / mL with TS containing 10% bovine serum was mounted and treated overnight at 4 ° C.
- VECTOR biotin-labeled anti-mouse antibody
- Control IgG group is a collection of fine brown dots and is stained in a thick line from left to right in CA3.
- CA23 it is dyed in a thick curved shape from the upper right to the left.
- Ta1505 administration group very light brown fine dots gather and are stained in a thick line from upper left to lower right in CA3.
- CA23 it is dyed in a thick curved shape from the upper right to the left. Staining is hardly observed in 4 individuals of CA3 and 3 individuals of CA23.
- the Cortex region peripheral cortex (first column from the left in FIG. 23), Lateral Cortex (second column from the left in FIG. 23), and media enteral cortex (from the left in FIG.
- Ta1505-positive Tau that is, Ser413 phosphorylated Tau
- the Cortex region Peririnal Cortex, Lateral Cortex, or Mediantal Cortex
- FIG. 23 it is dyed in brown spots, but in FIG. 24, almost brown spots were not confirmed.
- the Control IgG group is a collection of fine brown dots and is stained in a thick line from upper left to lower right in CA3.
- CA23 it is dyed in a thick curved shape from the upper right to the left.
- Ta1505 administration group very light brown fine dots gather and are stained in a thick line from upper left to lower right in CA3.
- CA23 it is dyed in a thick curved shape from the upper right to the left.
- the Cortex region peripheral cortex (first column from the left in FIG. 26), Lateral Cortex (second column from the left in FIG. 26), and medial entricular cortex (third column from the left in FIG. 26) of the control IgG administration group 5 individuals.
- Example 10 Influence of brain Tau amount by administration of Ta1505 antibody AT8 antibody (pSer202 / pThr205-recognizing mouse monoclonal antibody, manufactured by INNAX), G2 (anti-human), which is considered to recognize hyperphosphorylated Tau constituting PHF Specific N-terminal region recognition antibody: rabbit polyclonal antibody), PHF1 (pSer396 / pSer404 recognition mouse monoclonal antibody that is thought to recognize hyperphosphorylated Tau constituting PHF) and Ta1505, and Tau in brain homogenate
- the effect of 1505 antibody administration on the amount of hyperphosphorylated Tau was examined by Western blotting using Tau-Tg mouse brain homogenate after antibody administration.
- the mouse cerebral hemisphere 100-200 mg was sonicated with 5 times the amount of TBS (containing protease inhibitor cocktail and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail). This was centrifuged at 100,000 g for 15 minutes at 4 ° C., and the supernatant was recovered as a TBS soluble fraction. The precipitate was further suspended in 1% sarcosyl / TBS (containing protease inhibitor cocktail and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail) and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature. This was centrifuged at 100,000 g for 15 minutes at room temperature, and the supernatant was used as the sarkosyl soluble fraction.
- TBS containing protease inhibitor cocktail and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail
- TBS soluble fraction and sarkosyl soluble fraction were separated by electrophoresis with 7% Tris-Acetate Gel, transferred to a PVDF membrane, and room temperature was measured with 1% BSA / 3% Skimmilk / 0.05% Tween20 / TBS. Blocked all night. Thereafter, the antibody solution was reacted, the HRP-conjugated antibody was used as the secondary antibody, the reaction was performed by the ECL method, and the analysis was performed by the LAS3000 image analyzer and quantified.
- Tg mice expressing normal human tau as a model for cognitive impairment Examination of the pharmacological effect of the cognitive function improvement by the antibody of the present invention is that human normal type tau, especially 3R type tau is expressed in embryonic period, and both 3R type and 4R type tau are expressed with growth. Tg mice exhibiting the same expression pattern as human ontogenesis and having the characteristic of developing cognitive dysfunction at about 6 months of age were used. The Tg mouse was prepared by the following method.
- the structure of the gene for the generation of Tg mice is as follows: the 5 ′ intron of Simian virus 40 (SV40), (0.3 kb), tau gene (Tau; downstream of the ⁇ calmodulin kinase II ⁇ (CaMKII) promoter (8.5 kb). 7.3 kb), a tau gene donor nucleic acid having the structure shown in FIG. 17 arranged in the order of SV40 3 ′ intron (0.8 kb) and SV40 polyA signal (0.3 kb) was used.
- the tau gene used therein was Yamashita T. et al. (FEBS Letter, Vol.
- the Tau-Tg mice described as line 609 and line 784 described in the examples are mice produced by the same method and exhibit equivalent traits (or the description of line in the examples is deleted) ).
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Abstract
Description
したがって、以上のような状況から、特に認知機能の改善に対して強い効果を有する治療剤又は予防剤が求められている。
また、本発明は、Ser413周辺に相当するアミノ酸残基がリン酸化されたタウに対して特異的に抗原抗体反応する抗体や、Ser413周辺のアミノ酸配列を有し少なくとも1つのアミノ酸残基がリン酸化されたペプチドを有効成分として含有する認知症治療剤又は予防剤を提供することを目的とする。
さらに、本発明は、高い認知機能改善効果を有するモノクローナル抗体を提供し、さらにそのモノクローナル抗体の構造の解析からヒト化抗体等の、さらに認知症治療に適した抗体の作製方法を提供することを目的とする。
(2)該抗体が、認知症に特徴的なリン酸化を受けたタウタンパク質に抗原抗体反応する抗体である、(1)に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
(3)該抗体が、Ser412、Ser413、Thr414、及びSer416から選ばれる1つ以上の部位がリン酸化されたタウタンパク質に抗原抗体反応することを特徴とする、(1)又は(2)に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
(4)該抗体が、タウタンパク質に対する結合において、配列番号20に記載のアミノ酸からなるVH及び配列番号26に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるVLを含む抗体と結合競合する抗体である、(1)~(3)のいずれか1項に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
(5)該抗体が、配列番号20に記載のアミノ酸からなるVH及び配列番号26に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるVLを含む抗体である、(1)~(3)のいずれか1項に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
(6)該抗体が、Ser413の部位に相当するアミノ酸残基がリン酸化されたタウタンパク質に抗原抗体反応する抗体である、(1)~(4)のいずれか1項に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
(7)該抗体が、配列番号7から13で表されるH鎖のCDR配列、配列番号7から13の少なくとも1つで表されるH鎖のCDR配列、又は配列番号7から13で表されるH鎖のCDR配列の少なくとも1つと85%以上の相同性を有するH鎖のCDR配列、及び/あるいは、配列番号14から17で表されるL鎖のCDR配列、配列番号14から17の少なくとも1つで表されるL鎖のCDR配列、又は配列番号14から17で表されるL鎖のCDR配列の少なくとも1つと85%以上の相同性を有するL鎖のCDR配列を有する抗体である、(1)~(6)のいずれか1項に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
(8)該抗体が、配列番号18から24のいずれかで表されるH鎖可変領域、もしくは配列番号18から24のいずれかと85%以上の相同性の配列を有するH鎖可変領域、及び/又は配列番号25から30のいずれかで表されるL鎖可変領域、もしくは配列番号25から30のいずれかと85%以上の相同性の配列を有するL鎖可変領域を有する抗体である、(1)~(7)のいずれか1項に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
(9)該抗体が、ヒト化抗体又はキメラ抗体である、(1)~(8)のいずれか1項に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
(10)配列番号1のアミノ酸番号410~421に相当するアミノ酸残基からなるアミノ酸配列のうち、少なくとも連続する8つのアミノ酸配列を含むペプチドであり、当該ペプチドに含まれる少なくとも1つのアミノ酸残基がリン酸化されたペプチドを有効成分として含有する、認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
(11)該ペプチドに含まれるリン酸化されたアミノ酸残基の少なくとも一つが、配列番号1のSer412、Ser413、Thr414、又はSer416のアミノ酸残基に相当するペプチドである、(10)に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
(12)該ペプチドに含まれるリン酸化されたアミノ酸残基が、少なくとも配列番号1のSer413に相当するアミノ酸残基である、(10)又は(11)に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
(13)認知症が、タウオパチーである、(1)から(12)のいずれか1項に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
(14)タウオパチーが、アルツハイマー病、皮質基底核変性症、進行性核上性麻痺、ピック病、嗜銀顆粒性認知症(嗜銀性顆粒病)、Multiple system tauopathy with dementia(MSTD)、17番染色体に連鎖するパーキンソニズムを伴う前頭側頭型認知症(FTDP-17)、神経原線維変化型認知症、石灰沈着を伴うび慢性神経原線維変化病(DNTC)、球状グリア封入体を伴う蛋白質タウオパチー(WMT-GGI)、又はタウ陽性封入体を伴う前頭側頭葉変性症(FTLD-tau)である、(13)に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
(15)配列番号1のアミノ酸番号410~421からなるアミノ酸配列のうち、少なくとも連続する8つのアミノ酸配列を有するペプチドであり、当該ペプチドに含まれる配列番号1のSer413に相当するアミノ酸残基がリン酸化されたペプチドに、抗原抗体反応するモノクローナル抗体。
(16)リン酸化されたタウタンパク質に対する抗体であって、当該抗体が、配列番号20に記載のアミノ酸からなるVH及び配列番号26に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるVLを含む抗体との間で抗原への結合が競合的である抗体。
(17)リン酸化されたタウタンパク質に対する抗体であって、当該抗体が、配列番号20に記載のアミノ酸からなるVH及び配列番号26に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるVLを含む抗体。
(18)配列番号7から13で表されるH鎖のCDR配列、配列番号7から13の少なくとも1つで表されるH鎖のCDR配列、又は配列番号7から13で表されるH鎖のCDR配列の少なくとも1つと85%以上の相同性を有する配列をCDR配列に有するH鎖、及び/あるいは、配列番号14から17で表されるL鎖のCDR配列、配列番号14から17の少なくとも1つで表されるL鎖のCDR配列、又は配列番号14から17で表されるL鎖のCDR配列の少なくとも1つと85%以上の相同性を有する配列をCDR配列に有するL鎖を有するモノクローナル抗体。
(19)配列番号18から24のいずれかで表されるH鎖可変領域、もしくは配列番号18から24のいずれかと85%以上の相同性を有するH鎖可変領域、及び/又は配列番号25から30のいずれかで表されるL鎖可変領域、もしくは配列番号25から30のいずれかと85%以上の相同性を有するL鎖可変領域を有するモノクローナル抗体。
(20)抗体が、ヒト化抗体又はキメラ抗体である、(15)から(19)のいずれか1項に記載のモノクローナル抗体。
(21)配列番号1のアミノ酸番号410~421に相当するアミノ酸残基からなるアミノ酸配列のうち、少なくとも連続する8つのアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドであり、当該ペプチドに含まれる少なくとも1つのアミノ酸残基がリン酸化されたペプチド。
(22)配列番号1のSer412、Ser413、Thr414、及び
Ser416のアミノ酸に相当するアミノ酸残基の少なくとも一つがリン酸化されたことを特徴とする、(21)に記載のペプチド。
(23)リン酸化されたアミノ酸残基が、配列番号1のSer413に相当するアミノ酸残基である(21)又は(22)に記載のペプチド。
また、本発明は、高い認知機能改善効果を有するモノクローナル抗体を提供し、さらにそのモノクローナル抗体の構造の解析からヒト化抗体等のさらに認知症治療に適した抗体の作製方法を提供するものである。
本発明におけるタウ(タンパク質)とは、配列番号1~6に示したヒトタウタンパク質に加えて、それらの遺伝子変異体を含む。上記の背景技術で示したように、認知症に関連する家族性神経変性疾患であるFTDP-17では、40箇所以上の変異が知られているが、変異の部位においてはそれに限定されるものではない。また、変異の数は配列番号1~6に対して1から50箇所、好ましくは1から30箇所、より好ましくは1から10箇所のアミノ酸の変異があるものも本発明でのタウとして扱われる。さらに、配列番号1に示したヒトのタウタンパク質に対してBLAST法(NCBIのPBLASTのデフォルト条件)で80%以上の相同性(Identities)を示すタンパク質及びそのアイソフォームも含まれる。そのようなものには、チンパンジー、アカゲザル、ウマ、ブタ、イヌ、マウス、ウサギ、ラット等ヒト以外の種におけるタウが含まれ、そのような動物の認知機能改善の目的でそのようなタウを標的とした治療剤又は予防剤の作製も可能である。
上記のCDR-H1、CDR-H2、CDR-H3のアミノ酸配列、及び/又はそれをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列、CDR-L1、CDR-L2、CDR-L3のアミノ酸配列、及び/又はそれをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列の情報を基に、当業者であればヒト化抗体等、目的の種に治療目的で投与するのに適した組換え体抗体をデザインすることが可能であり、H鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列及び/又はそれをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列、L鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列及び/又はそれをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列の情報を基に、当業者であれば目的に応じたキメラ抗体等をデザインすることができる。また、さらにCDR-H1、CDR-H2、CDR-H3のアミノ酸配列、及び/又はそれをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列、CDR-L1、CDR-L2、CDR-L3のアミノ酸配列、及び/又はそれをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列の情報や、H鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列及び/又はそれをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列、L鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列及び/又はそれをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列の情報を基に、低分子抗体やスキャフォールド抗体を作製することは、公知の技術を用いることで、当業者であれば適宜実施することができる。
本発明には、タウのアミノ酸配列の一部を含み、その1つ以上のアミノ酸残基がリン酸化されたペプチドも含まれる。アミノ酸残基がリン酸化されたとは、アミノ酸残基の側鎖に対してリン酸基がエステル結合した状態をいい、リン酸化されるアミノ酸残基の代表的なものとしては、セリン、スレオニン、チロシン等が挙げられる。当該リン酸化ペプチドは配列番号1のアミノ酸番号410~421に相当するアミノ酸残基からなるアミノ酸配列のうち、少なくとも連続する3アミノ酸を含む長さが8アミノ酸長以上のペプチド、好ましくは少なくとも連続する5アミノ酸を含む長さが8アミノ酸長以上のペプチド、より好ましくは少なくとも連続する8アミノ酸を含む長さが8アミノ酸長以上のペプチドである。さらに、当該リン酸化ペプチドにおいてリン酸化されるアミノ酸残基は、配列番号1のアミノ酸番号410~421に相当するアミノ酸残基のいずれか、好ましくは配列番号1のSer412、Ser413、Thr414、Ser416のアミノ酸に相当するアミノ酸残基のいずれか、より好ましくは配列番号1のSer413に相当するアミノ酸残基である。このようなリン酸化ペプチドの代表的なものとしては、実施例1で抗体作製で用いているリン酸化ペプチド(配列番号31)が挙げられるが、これに限定されない。
ヒトにおける認知症とは、いったん発達した、あるいは獲得された知的機能が低下する状態をいい、知能障害の一つとされるが(上島国利、丹羽真一編、NANKODO’s ESSENTIALWELL-ADVANCED SERIES New精神医学、p69-70、2008年)、広い意味においては知能障害及び/又は記憶障害を呈する疾患と考えられる。AD等の神経変性疾患においては、「神経変性」を確定するには死後に組織学的な解析を行うことで神経原線維変化(NFT)の存在を確認すること等で行うことができるが、医師は神経変性疾患の診断として、神経心理学的検査として質問によるもの/長谷川式簡易知能評価スケール改訂版(HDS-R)やMini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) 等、観察によるものClinical Dementia Rating(CDR) やFunctinal Assessment Staging(FAST) 等、生化学検査として脳脊髄液中でのタウやリン酸化タウの存在量の上昇やAβの存在量の上昇、画像検査として頭部CT、頭部MRI、SPECTやPET等での得られた情報を基に、認知症、特に神経変性疾患としての認知症を診断する。従って、本発明の認知症治療剤又は予防剤は医師が認知症として診断した患者に投与され、上記の神経変性疾患における診断の項目の1以上において、投与前と比較して改善する効果、又は病状が進行する程度を投与によって抑制又は投与前の状態に維持又は回復させる効果を有するものである。
本発明の認知症治療剤又は予防剤を研究するための動物としては、認知症のモデル動物が挙げられ、その中でも特にタウオパチーのモデル動物が挙げられる。また、タウオパチーの動物モデルとしては、正常型又は遺伝子変異型のタウを脳で発現する動物であり、特に認知機能の障害をおこす動物モデルである。このような正常型又は遺伝子変異型のタウを脳で発現する動物は遺伝子操作により作製することが可能であり、その代表的なものとしてはトランスジェニックマウス(Tgマウス)が挙げられる。遺伝子変異型のタウを発現するTgマウス等の動物モデルは、遺伝的な家族性のタウオパチーのモデルとしては有用であるが、ヒトでの大多数をしめる孤発性のタウオパチーに対して治療剤又は予防剤の効果をみるためには正常型のタウを発現するTgマウスで効果を示すことが望ましい。そのような正常型のタウを発現するTgマウスとしては、本発明の製造例で作製しているマウスが最も適しているが、その他には神戸ら(Neurobiology of Disease, Vol.42, P404-414, 2011年)や木村ら(The EMBO J. vol.26. P5143-5152, 2007年)が報告しているTgマウス等を用いることができる。しかしながら、神戸らのマウス及び木村らのマウスにおいては、認知機能障害が認められるのが、それぞれ14ヶ月齢及び20ヶ月齢以降であることから、かなり老齢になってからの発症となり、加齢による影響も含んでいる可能性や、長期飼育による影響や手間の問題がある。それに対して、本発明の製造例で作製しているマウスは、ヒトの正常型のタウを発現し、6ヶ月齢程度と比較的早期に認知機能障害を発症するマウスであることから、加齢などの要因を排除できる認知症モデルとして最も適したものであり、このようなモデルを用いることでより明確に認知機能の改善効果を有する認知症治療剤又は予防剤を評価することが可能である。
本発明の認知症治療剤又は予防剤の形態としては、抗リン酸化タウ抗体を含有するものであり、好ましくはタウタンパク質の配列番号1の410位から421位に相当するアミノ酸残基の少なくとも一つがリン酸化を受けたタウタンパク質と特異的に抗原抗体反応する抗体であり、配列番号1のSer412、Ser413、Thr414、及びSer416に相当するアミノ酸残基から選ばれる1つ以上の部位がリン酸化されたタウタンパク質と抗原抗体反応する抗体であり、より望ましくはVHのアミノ酸配列が配列番号20であり、VLのアミノ酸配列が配列番号26である(1505)抗体と競合結合する抗体であり、さらに望ましくは配列番号1のSer413に相当するアミノ酸残基の部位がリン酸化されたタウタンパク質に抗原抗体反応する抗体である。そのような抗体についての説明は、上述の[抗リン酸化タウ抗体]の部分に記載されている。
また本発明における治療剤又は予防剤は、短い投与期間で効果を得ることが可能である。
pSer413ペプチドに対する抗体作製のために、抗原として、ヒトタウタンパク質の配列番号1のアミノ酸配列の413番目に相当するSerがリン酸化された410番目のAsnから416番目のSerまでに相当するアミノ酸配列のC末端部位にCysをつけた合成ペプチド(配列番号31.株式会社医学生物学研究所[MBL]で合成)を用いた(以下、該ペプチドをpSer413(S)ペプチドと呼ぶ)。
精製した抗体は図3に示すよう、pSer413(L)ペプチドに特異性が高く、nonP(L)ペプチドには殆ど反応しないことが判った。従って、当該抗体はpSer413(L)に特異的に抗原抗体反応する抗体である(本明細書では、「pSer413認識ウサギポリクローナル抗体」又は「pS413AB」と記載する場合もある)。
抗原として、配列番号1に示されるヒトタウタンパク質のアミノ酸配列の413番目のSerに相当するアミノ酸残基がリン酸化された403番目Thrから423番目のProまでに相当する配列のN末端部位に、GlyCysSerGlyをつけた合成ペプチドpSer413(Im)ペプチド(配列番号35)を用いた。pSer413(Im)ペプチドは合成後、HPLCにて精製し、KLH(Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin)と共有結合させた。得られたコンジュゲートはマウス1匹に対して0.04mgを1回分の免疫に用いた。免疫はコンジュゲート溶液0.4ml(ペプチド換算で1.1mg/ml)とSaline0.7mL及び1.1mLのフロイントのコンプリートアジュバントを混合し、200μLずつ10匹に腹腔内注射することで行った。同様の免疫(免疫箇所、抗原量は同じも、フロイントのインコンプリートアジュバンドを用いた)を2週間おきに、さらに3回行った。10匹中、抗原に対する血清抗体価が唯一上昇した1匹に対して、最後の免疫から1ヶ月後に、ペプチド換算で0.5mg/mLの抗原溶液(Salineに溶解)100μLを尾静脈内注射し、3日後に動物を屠殺して脾臓を採取した。18G注射針2本を使用して脾臓を切りほぐした後、ゴム栓面で、切りほぐした脾臓を、緩やかに押しつぶした。押しつぶした脾細胞は、冷RPMI1640培地10mL程度で懸濁し、その上澄みを40μmセルストレナーで濾過し、濾液を50mL遠心管に採取した。脾臓細胞のDebrisをさらにゴム栓面で押しつぶし、冷RPMI1640培地で同様に懸濁、濾過し、濾液を採取した。最終的に脾臓細胞懸濁液を40mLになるように冷RPMI1640培地(又は冷PBS)を加えた。血球計算盤にて、懸濁液中のリンパ球濃度を測定し、最終的に2×107Cellsに相当するリンパ球を50mLの遠心チューブに移した。ここに、培養液B(RPMI1640+10%胎児牛血清+2mMグルタミン+100μg/mLストレプトマイシン+100単位/mLペニシリン)で培養しておいた4×107Cellsに相当する対数増殖期のマウス・ミエローマ細胞P3X63Ag8・U1株(P3・U1と略記する)を加え、1500rpmで5分間遠心し、上清を捨てた。細胞ペレットを、試験管をたたくことによって、よく分散させた。これに0.5mLのポリエチレングリコール液(RPMI1640(2.3mL)+ポリエチレングリコール2000(1.4mL)+ジメチルスルホキサイド(0.3mL)より構成:以下「PEG液」と略記する)を加えて、細胞をゆるやかに浮遊させた。1分後に0.5mLのPEG液を1分かけてゆっくり滴下し、更に1.0mLのRPMI1640を1分かけてゆっくり滴下し、更にRPMI1640を2mL、2分かけてゆっくり滴下した。その後、4mLのHAT/GIT培養液(GIT培地[日本製薬]+5%胎児牛血清+100μg/mLストレプトマイシン+100単位/mLペニシリン+95μMヒポキサンチン+0.4μMアミノプテリン+16μMチミジン)を2分かけて滴下し、更に4mLのHAT/GIT培養液を2分かけて滴下した。最後に、HAT/GIT培養液を加え40-50mLの細胞浮遊液とした。37℃、30分間恒温槽でインキュベーションした後、これを培養プレート(96穴)7枚に播いた。なお、培養プレートとして、マウス(ICR系)の腹腔マクロファージ(フィーダー細胞)を数日間培養した(>1×105/well)96wellプレート(フィーダープレート)を用いた。その後、このプレートを37℃、5%CO2下で7~10日間培養した。
抗体のスクリーニングは以下の方法によった。pSer413(L)ペプチドをPBSで1μg/mLに希釈後、96wellプレートに50μL/wellで分注し、4℃で一晩静置した。溶液を除去後、ブロッキングバッファー(3%BSA-PBS)を250μL/wellで分注し、室温で1時間以上放置した。ブロッキングバッファー(3%BSA-PBS)を吸引し、ハイブリドーマの上清を30~50μL/wellで加え、25℃で60分間反応させた。0.05%Tween20を含有するリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS-Tween)で洗浄後、2次抗体(ブロッキングバッファーに2000倍希釈したアルカリフォスファターゼ標識 ヤギ抗マウス IgG-Fc 抗体[SouthernBiotech社]を添加した溶液)を100μL/wellで加え、25℃で60分間反応させた。洗浄後、基質溶液(2.5mM MgCl2含有0.1M Diethanolamine buffer,pH9.8に0.7~1.2mg/mL PNPP[パラニトロ・フェニルフォスフェート]を添加した溶液)100μL/wellを加え、25℃で60分間発色させた後、測定波長405nmで吸光度を測定した。
各種タウペプチド(pS46[配列番号36],pS199[配列番号37],pS202[配列番号38],pT212[配列番号39],pS214[配列番号40],pT212/pS214[配列番号41],pT217[配列番号42],pS413[配列番号33], non pS413[配列番号34])の10%DMSO溶液あるいはペプチドをBSAコンジュゲートしたもの(pS400[配列番号43]-BSA,pS412[配列番号44]-BSA)のPBS溶液をPBS(pH7)にて1μg/mLに希釈して50μL/wellで96wellプレート(MaxiSorp:Nunc社)に添加し、4℃で終夜インキュベートし固定化した。その後、ペプチド溶液を除去して0.05%Tween20を含むTBSで3回洗浄後、3%BSA/PBSを280μL/wellにて添加し、37℃、1時間ブロッキングをおこなった。
Ta15シリーズ抗体と抗原ペプチド(pSer413ペプチド(Im):実施例2参照)との結合親和性を評価するために、表面プラズモン共鳴(SPR)システム ビアコア(GEヘルスケア・ジャパン株式会社、BIACORE3000、code#BR-1100-45)及び各ビアコア製品を用い、取扱説明書に準拠し測定した。測定の一つの方法はCM5チップ(カルボキシメチルデキストラン層形成済みチップ,code#BR-1100-14)に抗マウス抗体(code#BR-1008-38)をアミンカップリング反応による共有結合により固定化(code#BR-1006-33)し、固定化された抗マウス抗体にTa15シリーズ抗体を結合し、結合したTa15シリーズ抗体に対し、抗原ペプチドの結合動態を測定する方法であった。
<結果>
抗原として、配列番号1で示されるヒトタウタンパク質のアミノ酸配列の396番目、404番目のSerに相当するアミノ酸残基がリン酸化された379番目Argから408番目のLeuまでの配列のN末端部位にGlyCysをつけた合成ペプチド(配列番号47:Biosynthesis社で合成)を用いた(以下、該ペプチドをpSer396/pSer404ペプチドと呼ぶ)。
1週間毎に半量の培養液を新しいHT培養液(HAT/GIT培養液からアミノプテリンを除去したもの)で交換していき、ハイブリドーマを得た。
Ta9抗体のpSer396/pSer404ペプチドに対するKD値を実施例3に記載した方法に準じて測定したところ、1.08×10-10であり、ペプチドへの親和性はTa15シリーズ抗体よりも高かった。
以下の3種類の抗体の投与が、記憶学習障害マウス(Tau-Tg)に及ぼす影響を調べた。
(1)pSer413認識ウサギポリクローナル抗体:Tau-Tg(line609)マウスあるいはnon-Tgマウス(正常コントロール)9-11か月齢を使用、n=9-10/群
(2)Ta1505(pSer413認識モノクローナル抗体):Tau-Tg(line784)マウスあるいはnon-Tgマウス14か月齢を使用、n=9-10/群
(3)Ta9(pSer396認識モノクローナル抗体)、Tau-Tg(line609)マウスあるいはnon-Tgマウス14か月齢を使用、n=9-10/群
(1)<使用マウス>:変異Tau-Tg(line 609),9-11mo(9-11か月齢)
<群構成>
評価抗体群:Anti-tau pSer413ウサギポリクローナル抗体1.6mg/mL in PBS(n=10)
Control抗体群:PBS(n=9)
non-Tg群:PBS(n=9)
(2)<使用マウス>:変異Tau-Tg(line 784),14mo(14か月齢)
<群構成>
評価抗体群:Anti-tau pSer413マウスモノクローナル抗体 Ta1505 in 0.1 M citrate buffer(pH5) 3.84 mg/ml(n=10)
Control抗体群:Anti-Pseudomonas Aeruginosa マウスモノクローナル抗体 4C10F4 in 0.1 M citrate buffer(pH5) 4.28 mg/ml(n=9)
non-Tg群:0.1M citrate buffer(pH5)(n=9)
(3)<使用マウス>:変異Tau-Tg(line 609),14mo(14か月齢)
<群構成>
評価抗体群:Anti-tau pSer396マウスモノクローナル抗体 Ta9 in 0.02M citrate buffer(pH6)(n=10)2.66mg/ml
Control抗体群:Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa monoclonal antibody 6F11 in 0.02M citrate buffer(pH6)(n=9)4.50 mg/ml
non-Tg群:0.02M citrate buffer(pH6)(n=9)
最終投与の翌週月曜日からモリス水迷路を用いて空間参照記憶(spatial reference memory)試験を行った(水迷路試験)。水迷路試験終了翌日からオープンフィールド装置を用いてマウスの自発運動量を測定した(Open Field 試験)。
準備:内径100cm、高さ45cmの黒色プール内に16cm深の水をはった。水温21~23度に調整し、酸化チタン等による着色は行わず無色透明に保った。塩素の添加も行わず、毎trial day後に糞の排除と、水の入れ替えを約10Lずつ行った。Trial(獲得)試験:15cm高の透明なプラットフォームを壁から20cm(中心より30cm)の位置に沈めた。プラットフォームを沈めた場所を含め4象限に区切り、マウスはプラットフォームのない3象限のいずれかからのみランダムに投入した。1試行60秒を限度とし、5試行/日で行った。1試行の間隔は約5分。プラットフォームへ辿り着くまでのescape timeをデータとして記録した。60秒以内に逃避しないマウスについては、オペレーターの手によってプラットフォームへ誘導し、escape timeは60秒として扱った。プラットフォーム上のマウスは10秒後にプールから取り除き、次の試行まで自由に行動させ、体を乾燥させた。日毎のマウスの成績には、5試行のescape timeの平均秒数を用いた。
Control群(nonTg)の成績が安定した時点で獲得試験を終了し、翌日probe試験を行った。
Probe試験:最終日の翌日、プラットフォームをプールから取り除き、60秒間の自由遊泳をビデオカメラで撮影した。撮影されたビデオを観察し、自由遊泳中のマウスが4象限のうち、プラットフォームの存在した象限(target quadrant)内を泳いでいる時間を測定し、60秒間におけるパーセンテージで表した。この時、プール投入後30秒までの泳ぎについても同様に解析した。
Trial(獲得)試験の有意差検定はrepeated measure,Fisher’s PLSD、Probe testの有意差検定はFisher’s PLSDにより行った。
装置:5mm厚の透明アクリル板を用いて30×30×30cmの正方形の箱を作製し、防音環境に格納した。格納環境上部には40wの白熱灯を設置し、床面を照度110luxで照らした。
行動量:(i)アクリル箱の側面外側、床面より1.5cmの位置に、赤外線ビームを10cm間隔で設置した。マウスが2個のビームを連続して遮断した際に、locomotionとして検出し、カウントした。
(ii)向かい合う2側面の、床面より3.5cmの位置に赤外線ビーム面を設けた。マウスがビーム面の一部を遮断した際に、rearingとして検出しカウントした。
試験:マウスには20分間のセッションを1回与えた。マウスをアクリル箱中央部に投入し、速やかにドアを閉じ防音環境にしたうえで、セッションを開始した。
セッションの前半10分は明条件での自由行動、後半10分は照明を消して暗条件での自由行動を測定した。
解析:マウスの1分毎の行動量をlocomotion、rearingそれぞれについて折れ線グラフで示す。
セッション開始から10分後の暗条件への環境変化に反応し、マウスの行動量に変化が現われていることが確認できた場合、視覚は正常であったと定義する。
明条件、暗条件それぞれの総行動量、及び20分間の総行動量を棒グラフで示した。
Locomotion、rearingの総行動量について群間の有意差検定を行った。
Locomotionは主に自発行動量、rearingは主に探査行動量と解釈されるが、実際には両方の指標が互いに影響しあう(例:locomotionが低下しているように見えても、その時間には実際にはrearingが上昇していれば、行動量が低下しているとは言えない)。
行動試験終了後、各グループから5匹ずつ選び、ホリマリンで還流固定した。パラフィン包埋後、脳から薄切切片をミクロトームで作成し、キシレン、エタノールで各10分間、4回処理し、脱パラフィン処理した。クエン酸バッファー(pH6)で30分間煮沸処理し(抗原賦活化処理)、室温に戻した後、トリス緩衝生理食塩水(TS)で10分間、2回洗浄した。20%牛血清含有TSで室温、60分間ブロッキング後、マウス抗ヒトシナプトフィジン抗体(SIGMA社SVP-38を10%牛血清含有TSで200倍希釈したもの)をマウントし、4℃で一晩処理した。TSで10分間、2回洗浄した後、FITC標識抗マウスIgG抗体(VECTOR社の当該抗体を10%牛血清含有TSで20倍希釈したもの)をマウントし、室温で60分間処理した。TSで10分間、2回洗浄した後、VECTASHIELD(VECTOR社)をマウントし、顕微鏡観察した。蛍光強度をNIH imageJで定量・数値化し、arbitrary unitで表した。
1.各抗体の投与による記憶障害への影響
(1)pSer413ウサギポリクローナル抗体
(1-1)~(1-3)の結果を図4~図7に示す。総合すると、抗pSer413ポリクローナル抗体の受動免疫によリ、モデルマウス(Tau-Tg)での記憶障害がnon‐Tgと同レベルにまで顕著に改善された。なお、(1-3)では、各群間の自発運動・視覚に有意差は見出されなかった。
(2)pSer413マウスモノクローナル抗体(1505抗体)(2-1)~(2-3)の結果を図8~図11に示す。総合すると、抗pSer413モノクローナル抗体の受動免疫によリ、モデルマウスでの記憶障害がnon Tgと同レベルにまで顕著に改善された。なお、(2-3)では、各群間の自発運動・視覚に有意差は見出されなかった。
(2-1)及び(2-2)の結果より、pSer413エピトープはポリクローナル抗体、モノクローナル抗体のいずれについても、受動免疫療法の標的として良好なエピトープと考えられた。
(3)pSer396マウスモノクローナル抗体(Ta9抗体)
(3-1)~(3-3)の結果を図12~図15に示す。総合すると、Ta9投与により記憶障害が有意に、non-Tgと同じレベルにまで改善された。なお、(3-3)では、各群間の自発運動・視覚に有意差は見出されなかった。
しかしながら、Ta9はTa1505に比べると、薬効が弱かった。抗原親和性はTa9>Ta1505である(実施例2、3参照)にも関わらず、薬効はTa9<Ta1505である(実施例5)ことから、リン酸化エピトープの違いによる薬効の差異が示唆された。
神経機能を反映するマーカーとして知られているシナプトフィジン量に及ぼすTa1505抗体投与の影響を記憶の中枢である海馬CA3領域の抗シナプトフィジン抗体の免疫染色により調べた。蛍光強度はNIH-Image Jで定量化した。
結果を図16に示す。Ta1505抗体投与により、有意ではないが、海馬シナプトフィジン量の回復がみられた。
(1)ハイブリドーマ全RNAの精製
各種モノクローナル抗体産生ハイブリドーマを培養し、6ウエルプレートの1wellあたり1mLのISOGENを使用し、細胞を溶解した。この溶解液に0.2mLのクロロホルムを加え、ボルテックスで混和し、室温で2~3分間放置した。12000rpmで10分間4℃で遠心し、上層を新しいチュ-ブに移した。これに0.5mLのイソプロピルアルコールを加え、混合し、室温で10分間放置した。これを15000rpm、4℃で15分間遠心して全RNAを沈殿させた。ペレットに75%エタノールを1mL加え、よく混和した後、10000rpm、5分間4℃で遠沈した。ペレットを風乾し、DNase、RNaseフリーの水に溶解し、-80℃で保存した。
既知のマウスIgG2a及びIgG2bのH鎖のConstant領域のcDNA配列をもとに5’-RACE(Rapid Amplified of cDNA Ends)及び3’-RACE用のプライマーを合成した。同様にマウスL鎖のConstant領域のcDNA配列をもとに5’-RACE(Rapid Amplified of cDNA Ends)及び3’-RACE用のプライマーを合成した。
一方、ハイブリドーマから採取したTotal RNAを1μg使用して、SMART-RACE Kit(Clonetech社製)を用いて、5’-RACE、3’-RACE用cDNAの合成をおこない、5’-RACE及び3’-RACEを施行した。PCR反応はAdvantage 2 Polymerase Mix(Clonetech社製)を用い、添付のプロトコールに従って行った。5’-RACE、3’-RACEによって得られたPCR産物をアガロースゲル電気泳動し、メインの増幅DNAフラグメントをアガロースゲルより切り出し、TAクローニングベクター(Invitrogen社
製)に挿入し、大腸菌に形質転換してそれぞれ数クローンを得た。これらの形質転換体よりプラスミドを定法に従って調製し、挿入DNAフラグメントの塩基配列を決定した。
塩基配列情報を基に、H鎖及びL鎖のN末端、及びC末端をコードするcDNA配列を決定して、全長の配列を増幅するためのForward及びReverse Primerを設計した。このPrimerを使用し、Prime STAR MaxPCR(TaKaRa社製)によりH鎖、L鎖の全長を増幅して、そのPCRフラグメントをpEF4ベクターにクローニングした。これを使用して、全長のcDNAの配列を最終的に決定した。
得られた塩基配列情報から、アミノ酸配列に翻訳し、さらにIgBLAST(NCBI, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/igblast/)を用いて、KABATの方法(Kabat,E.A. and Wu,T.T.、 J. Immunol., 147, 1709-1719、1991年)でCDR領域の同定をおこなった。
得られたCDR領域の配列を配列番号14~に示した。
これらの配列の相同性から、pSer413を特異的に認識するための抗体のCDR配列に関する情報を得た(表4~表6)。
以下の2抗体の投与が、記憶学習障害マウスに及ぼす影響を0.1mg投与において調べた。
(4)Ta1505(pSer413認識モノクローナル抗体):Tau Tg(line784)マウスあるいはnon-Tgマウス10か月齢を使用、n=9-10/群
(5)Ta9(pSer396認識モノクローナル抗体)、Tau Tg(line784)マウスあるいはnon-Tgマウス11か月齢を使用、n=8-10/群
実験には10-11か月齢のオスのヘテロ変異Tau-Tgマウス(line 784)、及びそのnon-Tg littermatesを用いた。グループ間で平均体重に差がないようにグループ分けした。ヘテロ変異Tau-Tgマウスに対して、PBSで希釈された抗体を1週間に1回、計5回、毎回1匹当り0.1mgを腹腔に投与した。陰性対照群として、抗体を調製する際に用いたPBSあるいはタウに反応性を有しないマウスIgGモノクローナル抗体を同用量、腹腔に投与した。陽性対照として、non-Tg littermatesに対して、抗体を調製する際に用いたPBSを同用量、腹腔に投与した。
(4)<使用マウス>:変異Tau-Tg(line 784),10mo
<群構成>
評価抗体群:Anti-tau pSer413マウスモノクローナル抗体 Ta1505 in PBS 0.25 mg/ml(n=10)
Control抗体群:Anti-Pseudomonas Aeruginosa マウスモノクローナル抗体 4C10F4 in PBS 0.25 mg/ml(n=10)non-Tg群:PBS(n=9)
(5)<使用マウス> :変異Tau-Tg(line 784),11mo
<群構成>
評価抗体群:Anti-tau pSer396マウスモノクローナル抗体 Ta9 in PBS(n=10)0.25mg/ml
Control抗体群:Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa monoclonal antibody 6F11 in PBS(n=8) 0.25 mg/ml non-Tg群:PBS(n=8)
最終投与の翌週月曜日からモリス水迷路を用いて空間参照記憶(spatial reference memory)試験を行った(水迷路試験)。水迷路試験は実施例5と同様に行った。
1.各抗体の投与による記憶障害への影響
(4)pSer413マウスモノクローナル抗体(1505抗体)
Trial試験(4-1)、Probe試験(4-2)の結果を図18及び図19に示す。総合すると、抗pSer413モノクローナル抗体の受動免疫によリ、モデルマウスでの記憶障害がnon Tgと比較して50%以上のレベルで改善された。
(4-1)及び(4-2)の結果より、pSer413エピトープモノクローナル抗体の薬効が0.1mg投与においても確認された。
(5)pSer396マウスモノクローナル抗体(Ta9抗体)
Trial試験(5-1)、Probe試験(5-2)の結果を図20及び図21に示す。総合すると、Ta9投与においては0.1mg投与において記憶障害は改善されなかった。
これらの試験から、リン酸化エピトープの違いによる薬効の差異が0.1mg投与においてさらに明確に示唆された。
なお、マウス1匹あたり0.1mgの抗体投与は、約2.5mg/kgの用量の投与に相当する。
Tau-Tgマウスの脳内におけるリン酸化Tauの量に及ぼすTa1505抗体投与の影響を記憶の中枢である海馬領域に関して、pSer413認識Ta1505抗体およびAT8抗体(PHF認識pSer202/pThr205エピトープ)の免疫組織染色により調べた。
行動試験終了後、各グループから5匹ずつ選び、4%パラホルムアルデヒド/PBSで還流固定した。脳を取り出してパラフィン包埋し、5μm薄切切片をミクロトームで作成した。キシレンおよびエタノールで各10分間、4回処理し、脱パラフィン処理し、切片をpH2で室温10分間煮沸処理(抗原賦活化処理)した。室温に戻した後、トリス緩衝生理食塩水(TS)で10分間、2回洗浄した。20%牛血清含有TSで室温、60分間ブロッキングした。
10%牛血清含有TSで1ug/mLに希釈した抗タウ抗体(Ta1505、AT8)をマウントし、4℃で一晩処理した。TSで10分間、2回洗浄した後、10%牛血清含有TSで500倍希釈したビオチン標識抗マウス抗体(VECTOR社)をマウントし、室温で60分間処理した。
TSで10分間、2回洗浄した後、HRP標識ABC液(VECTOR社)をマウントし、室温で30分間反応させ、再び洗浄後、ジアミノベンチジン(DAB)で発色させた。エンテラン(Merck)で封入し、観察、撮影した。
図22では、コントロールIgG投与群5個体の海馬CA3領域(左から1列目)および海馬CA23領域(左から2列目)においてTa1505陽性Tauの染色が認められたが、Ta1505投与群5個体の海馬CA3領域(左から3列目)および海馬CA23領域(左から4列目)の染色レベルは、コントロールIgG投与群より明らかに低下していることが認められた。このことからTa1505投与により、海馬CA3領域および海馬CA23領域においてTa1505陽性TauつまりSer413リン酸化Tauの減少が確認された。さらに詳細には、ControlIgG群は、茶色の細かい点が集まりCA3では左から右へ太い線状に染色されている。CA23では右上から左横へ太い曲線状に染まっている。Ta1505投与群は、非常に薄い茶色の細かい点が集まりCA3では左上から右下へ太い線状に染色されている。CA23では右上から左横へ太い曲線状に染まっている。CA3の4個体とCA23の3個体では染色がほとんど認められない。
図23及び24では、コントロールIgG投与群5個体のCortex領域(Perirhinal Cortex(図23左から1列目)、Lateral Entrhinal Cortex(図23左から2列目)、Medial Entrhinal Cortex(図23左から3列目))においてAT8陽性Tauの染色が認められた。(図23において茶色い斑点のように染まっている)
Ta1505投与群5個体のCortex領域(Perirhinal Cortex(図24左から1列目)、Lateral Entrhinal Cortex(図24左から2列目)、Medial Entrhinal Cortex(図24左から3列目))においての染色レベルは、コントロールIgG投与群より明らかに低下しており染色は認められないレベルであることが確認された。
このことからTa1505投与により、Cortex領域(Perirhinal Cortex、Lateral Entrhinal Cortex、Medial Entrhinal Cortex)においてTa1505陽性TauつまりSer413リン酸化Tauの減少が確認された。
図23では、茶色の斑点状に染まっているが、図24では、ほとんど茶色い斑点状の染色が確認できなかった。
脳内(=海馬CA3領域、海馬CA23領域、PRh、Ent(Lateral、Medial))において、Ta1505抗体投与により、Ser413リン酸化Tau量の減少が確認された。
PRh=Perirhinal Cortex
Ent=Entrhinal Cortex
AT8による免疫組織染色結果を図25~図27に示す。
図25では、コントロールIgG投与群5個体の海馬CA3領域(左から1列目)および海馬CA23領域(左から2列目)においてAT8陽性Tauの染色が認められたが、Ta1505投与群5個体の海馬CA3領域(左から3列目)および海馬CA23領域(左から4列目)の染色レベルは、コントロールIgG投与群より明らかに低下していることが認められた。このことからTa1505投与により、海馬CA3領域および海馬CA23領域においてAT8陽性TauつまりSer202/Thr205リン酸化Tauの減少が確認された。具体的には、図25では、ControlIgG群は、茶色の細かい点が集まりCA3では左上から右下へ太い線状に染色されている。CA23では右上から左横へ太い曲線状に染まっている。Ta1505投与群は、非常に薄い茶色の細かい点が集まりCA3では左上から右下へ太い線状に染色されている。CA23では右上から左横へ太い曲線状に染まっている。
図26では、コントロールIgG投与群5個体のCortex領域(Perirhinal Cortex(図26左から1列目)、Lateral Entrhinal Cortex(図26左から2列目)、Medial Entrhinal Cortex(図26左から3列目))においてAT8陽性Tauの染色が認められた。(図26において茶色い斑点のように染まっている)
図27では、Ta1505投与群5個体のCortex領域(Perirhinal Cortex(図27左から1列目)、Lateral Entrhinal Cortex(図27左から2列目)、Medial Entrhinal Cortex(図27左から3列目))においての染色レベルは、コントロールIgG投与群より明らかに低下していることが認められた。(図27において薄く茶色い斑点のように染まっている)
このことからTa1505投与により、Cortex領域(Perirhinal Cortex、Lateral Entrhinal Cortex、Medial Entrhinal Cortex)においてAT8陽性TauつまりSer202/Thr205リン酸化Tauの減少が確認された。脳内(=海馬CA3領域、海馬CA23領域、PRh、Ent(Lateral、Medial))において、Ta1505抗体投与により、AT8認識のSer202/Thr205リン酸化Tau量の減少傾向が確認された。
この結果は、抗体の投与によって脳内での病態の改善を示すものであり、上記の記憶障害の改善効果を裏付けるものである。また、この結果は腹腔内に投与した抗体が脳内で作用することを示している。
PHFを構成する過リン酸化Tauを認識すると考えられているAT8抗体(pSer202/pThr205認識マウスモノクローナル抗体、INNAX社製)、G2(抗ヒト特異的N末端領域認識抗体:ウサギポリクローナル抗体)、PHF1(PHFを構成する過リン酸化Tauを認識すると考えられているpSer396/pSer404認識マウスモノクローナル抗体)およびTa1505を使用して、脳ホモジェネートにおけるTauおよび過リン酸化Tau量に及ぼす1505抗体投与の影響を抗体投与後のTau-Tgマウス脳ホモジェネートを使用してウエスタンブロッティングにより調べた。
マウス大脳半球100-200mgを5倍量のTBS(プロテアーゼ阻害剤カクテル、フォスファターゼ阻害剤カクテルを含有)にてソニケーションをおこなった。これを100,000gで15分間、4℃にて遠心分離して上清をTBS可溶性画分として回収した。
さらに沈殿を1%sarkosyl/TBS(プロテアーゼ阻害剤カクテル、フォスファターゼ阻害剤カクテルを含有)に懸濁して、1時間、室温でインキュベートした。これを100,000gで15分間、室温にて遠心分離し、上清をザルコシル可溶性画分とした。
このTBS可溶性画分、ザルコシル可溶性画分を7%Tris―Acetate Gelにより電気泳動を行い分離し、PVDF膜に転写を行い、1%BSA/3%SkimMilk/0.05%Tween20/TBSにて室温で終夜、ブロッキングを行った。その後、抗体溶液を反応させ、2次抗体としてHRPコンジュゲート抗体を使用して、ECL法にて反応を行い、LAS3000 イメージアナライザーにて解析を行い定量化した。
TBS可溶性画分においては、Ta1505抗体投与により、Tau-Tgマウス脳内のヒトTau(G2抗体で認識)および過リン酸化Tau(AT8(pS202/pT205エピトープ)、PHF1(pS396/pS404エピトープ)にて認識)、pS413Tau(Ta1505認識)が有意に減少していることが確認された。
ザルコシル可溶性画分においては、Ta1505抗体投与により、Tau-Tgマウス脳内の過リン酸化Tau(AT8にて認識)が有意に減少していることが確認された。
この結果は、抗体の投与によって脳内での病態の改善を示すものであり、上記の記憶障害の改善の効果を裏付けるものである。また、この結果は腹腔内に投与した抗体が脳内で作用することを示している。
本発明での抗体による認知機能改善の薬理効果の検討は、ヒトの正常型タウ、特に胎生期においては3R型のタウのみを発現し、成長に伴い3R型と4R型の両方のタウが発現するというヒトでの個体発生と同様の発現パターンを示し、生後6ヶ月齢程度で認知機能障害を発症する特徴を有するTgマウスを用いた。当該Tgマウスは以下のような方法で作製した。
トタウをコードするcDNAからエクソン1から9に相当する部分の塩基配列、イントロン9の最初の18塩基と最後の3kbの部分の塩基配列、エクソン10の塩基配列、イントロン10の最初の3kbと最後の38塩基の部分(但し、イントロン10の5’端方向から16番目の塩基シトシンをチミンに置換している)、エクソン11から13に相当するcDNAの塩基配列を順番に含む7.3kbの長さの遺伝子である。このタウ遺伝子をSV40の5’イントロン、3’イントロン及びpoly(A)シグナル配列を有するベクターであるpNN265(Choi T等、Mol.Cell.Biol.vol.11、pp3070-3074、1991年)の制限酵素EcoRVサイトにクローニングした。得られたプラスミドから制限酵素XhoIとNotIでSV40の5’イントロン、タウ遺伝子、SV40の3’イントロンとpoly(A)シグナル配列を含むDNA断片を切り出し、そのDNA断片をCaMKIIプロモーターを有するpMM403ベクター(Mayford M等、Cell vol.81 pp891-904 1995年)にクローニングした。そして、得られたプラスミドから制限酵素SfiIでタウ遺伝子が含まれる図17に示した構造の遺伝子断片(17.2kb)を切り出してアガロース電気泳動で分離し、対応するゲルの部位からQIAGEN(R) QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit(Cat.No.28704)を用いて精製した。得られた遺伝子(DNA)断片は公知の方法[Hogan,B等、“Manipulating the mouse embryo. A LaboratoryManual” Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory(1986)]に従い、C57BL/6系マウスの雌雄を掛け合わせて得られた前核期胚にインジェクションした。インジェクションを行なった偽妊娠させたメスのC57BLマウスの卵管に注入した。生まれた仔マウスについて尾を一部切断し、PCR法によって導入した遺伝子が組み込まれているかを確認し、導入した遺伝子が組み込まれた雌又は雄のマウスを正常の雌又は雄とを掛け合わせることで、導入されたタウ遺伝子をヘテロで持つTgマウスとして維持し、実験に用いた。なお、実施例中に記載があるline 609およびline 784と記載されているTau-Tgマウスは同様の方法で作製され、同等の形質を示すマウスである(または実施例でlineの記載は削除する)。
Claims (23)
- 配列番号1で示されるタウタンパク質の410位から421位に存在するアミノ酸残基の少なくとも一つがリン酸化を受けたタウタンパク質と抗原抗体反応する抗体を有効成分として含有する、認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
- 該抗体が、認知症に特徴的なリン酸化を受けたタウタンパク質に抗原抗体反応する抗体である、請求項1に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
- 該抗体が、Ser412、Ser413、Thr414、及びSer416から選ばれる1つ以上の部位がリン酸化されたタウタンパク質に抗原抗体反応することを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
- 該抗体が、タウタンパク質に対する結合において、配列番号20に記載のアミノ酸からなるVH及び配列番号26に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるVLを含む抗体と結合競合する抗体である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
- 該抗体が、配列番号20に記載のアミノ酸からなるVH及び配列番号26に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるVLを含む抗体である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
- 該抗体が、Ser413の部位がリン酸化されたタウタンパク質に抗原抗体反応する抗体である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
- 該抗体が、配列番号7から13で表されるH鎖のCDR配列、配列番号7から13の少なくとも1つで表されるH鎖のCDR配列、又は配列番号7から13で表されるH鎖のCDR配列の少なくとも1つと85%以上の相同性を有するH鎖のCDR配列、及び/あるいは、配列番号14から17で表されるL鎖のCDR配列、配列番号14から17の少なくとも1つで表されるL鎖のCDR配列、又は配列番号14から17で表されるL鎖のCDR配列の少なくとも1つと85%以上の相同性を有するL鎖のCDR配列を有する抗体である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
- 該抗体が、配列番号18から24のいずれかで表されるH鎖可変領域、もしくは配列番号18から24のいずれかと85%以上の相同性の配列を有するH鎖可変領域、及び/又は配列番号25から30のいずれかで表されるL鎖可変領域、もしくは配列番号25から30のいずれかと85%以上の相同性の配列を有するL鎖可変領域を有する抗体である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
- 該抗体が、ヒト化抗体又はキメラ抗体である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
- 配列番号1のアミノ酸番号410~421からなるアミノ酸配列のうち、少なくとも連続する8つのアミノ酸配列を含むペプチドであり、当該ペプチドに含まれる少なくとも1つのアミノ酸残基がリン酸化されたペプチドを有効成分として含有する、認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
- 該ペプチドに含まれるリン酸化されたアミノ酸残基の少なくとも一つが、配列番号1のSer412、Ser413、Thr414、又はSer416のアミノ酸残基に相当するペプチドである、請求項10に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
- 該ペプチドに含まれるリン酸化されたアミノ酸残基が、少なくとも配列番号1のSer413に相当するアミノ酸残基である、請求項10又は11に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
- 認知症が、タウオパチーである、請求項1から12のいずれか1項に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
- タウオパチーが、アルツハイマー病、皮質基底核変性症、進行性核上性麻痺、ピック病、嗜銀顆粒性認知症(嗜銀性顆粒病)、Multiple system tauopathy with dementia(MSTD)、17番染色体に連鎖するパーキンソニズムを伴う前頭側頭型認知症(FTDP-17)、神経原線維変化型認知症、石灰沈着を伴うび慢性神経原線維変化病(DNTC)、球状グリア封入体を伴う蛋白質タウオパチー(WMT-GGI)、又はタウ陽性封入体を伴う前頭側頭葉変性症(FTLD-tau)である、請求項13に記載の認知症治療剤又は予防剤。
- 配列番号1のアミノ酸番号410~421からなるアミノ酸配列のうち、少なくとも連続する8つのアミノ酸配列を有するペプチドであり、当該ペプチドに含まれる配列番号1のSer413に相当するアミノ酸残基がリン酸化されたペプチドに、抗原抗体反応するモノクローナル抗体。
- リン酸化されたタウタンパク質に対する抗体であって、当該抗体が、配列番号20に記載のアミノ酸からなるVH及び配列番号26に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるVLを含む抗体との間で抗原への結合が競合的である抗体。
- リン酸化されたタウタンパク質に対する抗体であって、当該抗体が、配列番号20に記載のアミノ酸からなるVH及び配列番号26に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるVLを含む抗体。
- 配列番号7から13で表されるH鎖のCDR配列、配列番号7から13の少なくとも1つで表されるH鎖のCDR配列、又は配列番号7から13で表されるH鎖のCDR配列の少なくとも1つと85%以上の相同性を有する配列をCDR配列に有するH鎖、及び/あるいは、配列番号14から17で表されるL鎖のCDR配列、配列番号14から17の少なくとも1つで表されるL鎖のCDR配列、又は配列番号14から17で表されるL鎖のCDR配列の少なくとも1つと85%以上の相同性を有する配列をCDR配列に有するL鎖を有するモノクローナル抗体。
- 配列番号18から24のいずれかで表されるH鎖可変領域、もしくは配列番号18から24のいずれかと85%以上の相同性を有するH鎖可変領域、及び/又は配列番号25から30のいずれかで表されるL鎖可変領域、もしくは配列番号25から30のいずれかと85%以上の相同性を有するL鎖可変領域を有するモノクローナル抗体。
- 抗体が、ヒト化抗体又はキメラ抗体である、請求項15から19のいずれか1項に記載のモノクローナル抗体。
- 配列番号1のアミノ酸番号410~421からなるアミノ酸配列のうち、少なくとも連続する8つのアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドであり、当該ペプチドに含まれる少なくとも1つのアミノ酸残基がリン酸化されたペプチド。
- 配列番号1のSer412、Ser413、Thr414、及びSer416のアミノ酸に相当するアミノ酸残基の少なくとも一つがリン酸化されたことを特徴とする、請求項21に記載のペプチド。
- リン酸化されたアミノ酸残基が、配列番号1のSer413に相当するアミノ酸残基である請求項21又は22に記載のペプチド。
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CN110520440A (zh) | 2017-02-17 | 2019-11-29 | 戴纳立制药公司 | 抗τ抗体及其使用方法 |
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CN110028583B (zh) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-09-11 | 温州医科大学 | 抗Tau抗体及其在治疗阿尔茨海默病、创伤性脑损伤中的应用 |
EP4121071A4 (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2024-07-24 | Vascular Biosciences | CAR-PEPTIDE FOR IMPROVED CORONAVIRUS SURVIVAL |
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