WO2013175801A1 - 回折光学素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
回折光学素子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013175801A1 WO2013175801A1 PCT/JP2013/003298 JP2013003298W WO2013175801A1 WO 2013175801 A1 WO2013175801 A1 WO 2013175801A1 JP 2013003298 W JP2013003298 W JP 2013003298W WO 2013175801 A1 WO2013175801 A1 WO 2013175801A1
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- resin
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- optical element
- diffraction grating
- adjustment layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
- G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1847—Manufacturing methods
Definitions
- the present application relates to a diffractive optical element, and relates to a diffractive optical element including two or more members each including different resins.
- the diffractive optical element has a structure in which a diffraction grating for diffracting light is provided on a base made of an optical material such as glass or resin.
- a diffractive optical element is used in an optical system of various optical devices including an imaging device and an optical recording device. For example, a lens designed to collect diffracted light of a specific order at one point, or a spatial low-pass filter A polarization hologram or the like is known.
- a diffractive optical element has the feature that the optical system can be made compact. In contrast to refraction, longer wavelength light diffracts more greatly, so it is possible to improve chromatic aberration and curvature of field of the optical system by combining a diffractive optical element and a normal optical element using refraction. It is.
- Patent Document 1 provides a diffraction grating on a surface of a base made of an optical material, and covers the diffraction grating with an optical adjustment layer made of an optical material different from that of the base.
- the refractive indices at the wavelengths ⁇ of the two types of optical materials are n1 ( ⁇ ) and n2 ( ⁇ ), and the depth of the diffraction grating is d, the following formula (When 1) is satisfied, the diffraction efficiency for light of wavelength ⁇ is 100%.
- m is an integer and indicates the diffraction order.
- the optical material of ⁇ may be combined.
- a material having a high refractive index and a low wavelength dispersion is combined with a material having a low refractive index and a high wavelength dispersion.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that glass or resin is used as the first optical material serving as a base and ultraviolet curable resin is used as the second optical material.
- the first optical material serving as the substrate When glass is used as the first optical material serving as the substrate, it is difficult to perform microfabrication compared to resin, and it is not easy to narrow the pitch of the diffraction grating and improve the diffraction performance. For this reason, it is difficult to improve the optical performance while reducing the size of the optical element.
- the glass molding temperature is higher than that of the resin, the durability of the mold for molding the glass is lower than that of the mold for molding the resin, and there is a problem in productivity.
- the diffraction grating When a resin is used as the first optical material serving as the substrate, it is superior to glass in terms of workability and moldability of the diffraction grating. However, it is difficult to realize various values of refractive index as compared with glass, and the difference in refractive index between the first optical material and the second optical material is small. Therefore, as is clear from Equation (1), the diffraction grating The depth d of becomes larger.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a composite material containing inorganic particles having an average particle diameter of 1 nm to 100 nm in a matrix resin as the optical adjustment layer.
- the refractive index and the Abbe number can be controlled by the material of the inorganic particles to be dispersed and the addition amount of the inorganic particles, and the refractive index and the Abbe number that are not found in conventional resins can be obtained. Therefore, by using the composite material for the optical adjustment layer, the degree of freedom in designing the diffraction grating when resin is used as the first optical material as the substrate is increased, the moldability is improved, and the excellent diffraction efficiency is achieved. Wavelength characteristics can be obtained.
- the inventor of the present application has studied in detail the structure and production of a diffractive optical element using a resin for the substrate and the optical adjustment layer. As a result, in a diffractive optical element using a resin for the substrate and the optical adjustment layer, bubbles may be trapped in the annular zone of the diffraction grating during manufacture, or the adhesion between the optical adjustment layer and the substrate may not be sufficient. I understood that.
- One non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the present application provides a diffractive optical element in which a base and an optical adjustment layer are bonded with good strength, and bubble entrapment in an annular portion is suppressed.
- a diffractive optical element which is one embodiment of the present invention includes a first optical material including a first resin, and includes a base having a diffraction grating on the surface, a second optical material including a second resin and inorganic particles, and the diffraction
- An optical adjustment layer provided on the substrate so as to cover the grating, and ⁇ SP defined by the following formula is ⁇ 0.7 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less, and the diffraction grating
- the design order of diffraction by n is the nth order, and the n + 1-order unnecessary order diffracted light in the wavelength region of 400 nm to 700 nm is 7% or less.
- bubble entrapment between the optical adjustment layer and the substrate is suppressed, and adhesion between the optical adjustment layer and the substrate is enhanced.
- (A) is a figure which shows typically the cross-section of the diffractive optical element of this invention
- (b) is a figure which shows a top view typically
- (c) is a light ray to the diffractive optical element of this invention. It is a graph which shows the brightness
- (A) to (e) are process cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing the diffractive optical element shown in FIG.
- the range of wavelength dependency of the selectable refractive index and refractive index of the resin is narrower than that of an inorganic material such as glass or ceramic. For this reason, when a resin is used for the substrate, it is very difficult to select a resin that satisfies the formula (1) and that can realize an optical adjustment layer that satisfies the necessary refractive index characteristics.
- the inventor of the present application uses a composite material made of a resin containing inorganic particles to form an optical adjustment layer that satisfies such conditions, and to realize a practical diffractive optical element having high diffraction efficiency in a wide wavelength region. It was investigated.
- the shape and size of the ring zone of the diffraction grating formed on the substrate surface, the type and viscosity of the material to be applied, and the wetness to the substrate Depending on the nature, the way in which the material to be applied grows and spreads differently, and bubbles may enter between the annular zone and the material to be applied. Such bubbles cause stray light and scattered light, leading to deterioration of the optical characteristics of the diffractive optical element.
- the entrapment of bubbles in the annular zone of the diffraction grating and the adhesion between the substrate and the optical adjustment layer depend on the solubility parameter (SP value) of the material to be applied.
- SP value solubility parameter
- the wettability of the resin contained in the material to be applied is high, that is, the SP value is high, bubbles are less likely to be entrained in the diffraction grating, but the compatibility is also reduced, and the adhesion to the substrate may be reduced. I understood.
- solubility parameter is the square root of the cohesive energy density in regular solution theory
- the solubility parameter is an index of the intermolecular force of the substance, and it is considered that the closer the solubility parameter, the higher the affinity, that is, the stronger the interaction.
- There are various derivation methods for the solubility parameter For example, a value obtained by a method of calculating from a molecular structure formula by Fedors et al. Can be used.
- the solubility parameter used in the present specification is a value obtained by a method of calculating from this molecular structural formula.
- Examples of the structure that increases the solubility parameter include highly polar functional groups such as OH groups and amide bonds.
- examples of the structure having a low solubility parameter include a fluorine atom, a hydrocarbon group, and a siloxane bond.
- the inventor of the present application mainly studied a suitable resin as a material for the diffractive optical element, and arrived at a new diffractive optical element.
- the outline of one embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
- a diffractive optical element which is one embodiment of the present invention includes a first optical material including a first resin, and includes a base having a diffraction grating on the surface, a second optical material including a second resin and inorganic particles, and the diffraction
- An optical adjustment layer provided on the substrate so as to cover the grating, and ⁇ SP defined by the following formula is ⁇ 0.7 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less, and the diffraction grating
- the design order of diffraction by n is the nth order, and the n + 1-order unnecessary order diffracted light in the wavelength region of 400 nm to 700 nm is 7% or less.
- ⁇ SP [Solubility parameter of the second resin]
- a diffractive optical element includes a first optical material containing a first resin, a base having a diffraction grating on the surface, a second optical material containing a second resin and inorganic particles, An optical adjustment layer provided on the substrate so as to cover the diffraction grating, and ⁇ SP defined by the following formula is ⁇ 0.7 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less, The optical adjustment layer side in the body and the base side in the optical adjustment layer do not include a portion having a refractive index different from the refractive indexes of the first optical material and the second optical material.
- ⁇ SP [Solubility parameter of the second resin] ⁇ [Solubility parameter of the first resin]
- ⁇ SP may be +0.5 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less.
- the first resin may contain at least one of polycarbonate and a resin having a fluorene structure.
- the second resin may contain pentaerythritol triacrylate.
- the inorganic particles may contain as a main component at least one selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, hafnium oxide, scandium oxide, alumina, and silica.
- the refractive index of the first optical material may be smaller than the refractive index of the second optical material, and the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index of the first optical material may be larger than the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index of the second optical material.
- the effective particle size of the inorganic particles may be 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
- the method for producing a diffractive optical element includes a step of preparing a substrate having a diffraction grating on the surface, the first optical material including a first resin, and a raw material for the inorganic particles and the second resin.
- Forming the optical adjustment layer made of the second optical material containing the second resin and the inorganic particles by curing the second resin raw material while pressing against the raw material.
- the raw material of the second optical material does not substantially contain a solvent before the step of arranging the raw material of the second optical material, and ⁇ SP defined by the following formula is ⁇ 0.7 or more + 0.7 [ cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less.
- ⁇ SP [Solubility parameter of the second resin] ⁇ [Solubility parameter of the first resin]
- the step of preparing a raw material for the second optical material includes a step of mixing the inorganic particles dispersed in a solvent and a raw material of the second resin to obtain a mixture, and a step of removing the solvent from the mixture. You may go out.
- the viscosity of the raw material of the second optical material in an uncured state may be 1000 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the first resin may contain at least one of polycarbonate and a resin having a fluorene structure.
- the second resin may contain pentaerythritol triacrylate.
- (First embodiment) 1A and 1B show a cross-sectional view and a top view of a first embodiment of a diffractive optical element according to the present invention.
- the diffractive optical element 101 includes a base 1 and an optical adjustment layer 3.
- the base 1 is made of a first optical material containing a first resin
- the optical adjustment layer 3 is made of a second optical material containing a second resin.
- a diffraction grating 2 is provided on one main surface of the substrate 1.
- the cross-sectional shape, arrangement, pitch, and depth of the diffraction grating 2 are determined from the optical characteristics of the substrate 1 and the optical adjustment layer 3 and the optical design of the finally obtained diffractive optical element 101.
- the diffraction grating 2 has a lens action
- the diffraction grating having a sawtooth cross-sectional shape is arranged concentrically by continuously changing the pitch from the center of the lens to the periphery. You can do it.
- the diffraction grating may be formed on a curved surface as shown in FIG.
- the diffraction grating 2 is formed on the base 1 so that the surface passing through the tip of the diffraction grating 2 is an aspherical surface having a lens function, it is possible to select an optimal combination of the refraction action and the diffraction action, and the chromatic aberration, It is possible to improve the field curvature and the like in a balanced manner and obtain a lens having high imaging performance.
- the depth d of the diffraction grating 2 can be determined using Equation (1).
- FIG. 1A shows a diffractive optical element having a diffraction grating 2 on one main surface
- the substrate 1 may have two or more diffraction grating surfaces.
- the substrate 1 has a convex surface having the diffraction grating 2 and a plane located on the opposite side of the convex surface, but the diffraction grating is formed on at least one of the surfaces.
- the two main surfaces of the substrate 1 may be both convex surfaces, convex and concave surfaces, both concave surfaces, concave surfaces and flat surfaces, or both flat surfaces.
- the diffraction grating may be formed on only one surface or on both surfaces.
- the shape, arrangement, pitch, and diffraction grating depth of the diffraction gratings on both sides may not necessarily match as long as they satisfy the performance required for the diffractive optical element. .
- the optical adjustment layer 3 is provided so as to cover at least the main surface of the substrate 1 on which the diffraction grating 2 is provided so as to fill in the steps of the diffraction grating 2 in order to reduce the wavelength dependency of the diffraction efficiency in the diffractive optical element 101. ing.
- the substrate 1 and the optical adjustment layer 3 satisfy the formula (1) in the entire wavelength region of light to be used.
- the first optical material of the substrate 1 and the second optical material of the optical adjustment layer 3 exhibit a tendency that the wavelength dependence of the refractive index is opposite, and cancel each other in the change of the refractive index with respect to the wavelength. It is preferable to provide. More specifically, the refractive index of the first optical material is smaller than the refractive index of the second optical material, and the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index of the first optical material is greater than the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index of the second optical material. Is preferred.
- the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index is represented by, for example, the Abbe number.
- the wavelength dependence of the refractive indexes of the first optical material and the second optical material depends on the physical properties of the first resin and the second resin contained therein.
- Equation (1) In an actual diffractive optical element, it does not have to be strictly established in the entire wavelength range used by Equation (1). If the difference between the right side and the left side of Equation (1) is ⁇ 10%, high diffraction efficiency can be obtained in the design order.
- the first optical material constituting the substrate 1 includes the first resin.
- the material containing the resin is used as the first optical material in consideration of mold molding that can be expected to be most productive in the production of lenses.
- the durability of the mold is a material containing a resin.
- the substrate 1 having a diffraction grating shape is not easy to manufacture, whereas a resin-containing material can be applied to a manufacturing method with high mass productivity such as injection molding. is there.
- the performance of the diffractive optical element 101 can be improved by reducing the pitch of the diffraction grating 2 or diffraction can be performed.
- the optical element 101 can be reduced in size. Further, the diffractive optical element 101 can be reduced in weight.
- the first resin among the translucent resin materials generally used as the base of the optical element, the refractive index characteristic and the wavelength dispersion that can reduce the wavelength dependency of the diffraction efficiency at the design order of the diffractive optical element.
- the first optical material includes inorganic particles for adjusting optical properties such as refractive index and mechanical properties such as thermal expansion, and dyes and pigments that absorb electromagnetic waves in a specific wavelength region.
- An agent may be included.
- the second optical material constituting the optical adjustment layer 3 includes a second resin.
- the reason why a material containing a resin is used as the second optical material is that the moldability of the optical adjustment layer 3 filling the steps of the diffraction grating 2 is good. Furthermore, since the molding temperature is lower than that of the inorganic material, it is particularly preferable when the substrate 1 is made of the first optical material containing the first resin.
- the second optical material can have a high refractive index that cannot be achieved by the resin alone. For this reason, the difference in refractive index between the first optical material and the second optical material can be enlarged, and the depth of the diffraction grating 2 can be reduced as is apparent from the equation (1).
- the inorganic particles 4 often have a higher refractive index than the resin. Therefore, when the first optical material containing the first resin is used for the substrate 1 and the second optical material in which the inorganic particles 4 are dispersed in the matrix resin 5 containing the second resin is used as the optical adjustment layer 3, the second optical material is used. It is preferable to adjust the material so as to exhibit higher refractive index and lower wavelength dispersibility than the first optical material because more materials can be selected as the inorganic particles 4. In other words, the first optical material preferably has a lower refractive index and higher wavelength dispersion than the second optical material.
- the refractive index of the second optical material that is a composite material can be estimated from the refractive index of the second resin and inorganic particles 4 contained in the matrix resin 5 by, for example, Maxwell-Garnet theory expressed by the following formula (3). .
- n COM ⁇ is the average refractive index of the second optical material at a specific wavelength ⁇
- n p ⁇ and n m ⁇ are the refractive indexes of the inorganic particles and the second resin at the wavelength ⁇ , respectively. is there.
- P is a volume ratio of the inorganic particles to the entire second optical material.
- the Abbe number of the composite material is further estimated by estimating the refractive index of the Fraunhofer D-line (589.2 nm), F-line (486.1 nm), and C-line (656.3 nm) as the wavelength ⁇ . It is also possible to estimate.
- the mixing ratio between the second resin and the inorganic particles 4 may be determined from the estimation based on this theory.
- the refractive index of the formula (3) is calculated as a complex refractive index.
- Expression (2) is an expression that holds when n p ⁇ ⁇ n m ⁇ .
- the refractive index is estimated using the following expression (4).
- the refractive index difference between the substrate 1 and the optical adjustment layer 3 can be increased, and the step of the diffraction grating provided on the substrate can be reduced. For this reason, when the substrate 1 is produced by molding, the transferability of the diffraction grating 2 is improved. Further, since the step of the diffraction grating 2 can be made shallow, transfer is easy even if the step pitch is narrowed. Therefore, the diffraction performance can be improved by narrowing the pitch of the diffraction grating 2. Furthermore, it is possible to use materials having various physical properties for the second resin, and it becomes easier to achieve both optical characteristics and physical or scientific characteristics other than the optical characteristics.
- the first resin and the second resin are selected from known resin materials so that the first optical material and the second optical material have wavelength dependency of a desired refractive index.
- ⁇ SP defined by the following formula is ⁇ 0.7 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less.
- ⁇ SP [solubility parameter of the second resin] ⁇ [solubility parameter of the first resin]
- the difference in solubility parameter between the first resin and the second resin is small, so that the strength of the intermolecular force between the first resin and the second resin becomes substantially equal.
- the first optical material and the second optical material each containing the resin and the second resin have high affinity and are easily adhered to each other.
- the bubble entrapment between the substrate 1 and the optical adjustment layer 3 is related to the wettability on the surface where the substrate and the optical adjustment layer 3 are in contact with each other.
- One of the factors of wettability includes surface tension, and an SP value is given as a factor for determining surface tension.
- ⁇ SP of the first resin and the second resin is ⁇ 0.7 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less as described above, Infiltration is suppressed.
- the difference ⁇ SP in the SP value between the first optical material and the second optical material is within a range of +0.5 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less
- the second resin contained in the optical adjustment layer 3 Solubility parameter is larger.
- the wettability of the optical adjustment layer 3 is further improved, and the bubble entrapment in the diffraction grating can be suppressed without depending on the molding speed of the optical adjustment layer 3.
- a diffractive optical element having more excellent optical characteristics can be realized.
- the bubble entrapment also depends on the viscosity of the second optical material constituting the optical adjustment layer 3, and the bubble entrapment tends to occur even when the viscosity of the second optical material is low.
- the viscosity of the second optical material becomes low and bubbles are likely to be trapped.
- ⁇ SP described above indicates a relationship that the solubility parameters of the first resin and the second resin satisfy when the second optical material includes the second resin and inorganic particles.
- the diffractive optical element of this embodiment when the design order of diffraction by the diffraction grating 2 is n-order, (n + 1) -order unnecessary diffracted light in the wavelength region of 400 nm to 700 nm is 7% or less.
- FIG. 1C shows the result of measuring the maximum luminance 40, 41, 42 at the condensing points 30, 31, 32 corresponding to each diffraction order when the light beam is transmitted through the diffractive optical element.
- the condensing point 31 indicates the 0th order diffracted light
- the condensing point 32 and the condensing point 30 indicate the ⁇ 1st order diffracted light and the + 1st order diffracted light, respectively.
- the condensing points 30, 31, and 32 have maximum luminances 40, 41, and 42, respectively.
- the first optical material and the second optical material of the base 1 of the diffractive optical element and the optical adjustment layer 3 contain a resin
- at the time of manufacturing the diffractive optical element at least one of the first optical material and the second optical material is uncured. Or is deformed to such a degree that it can be molded. Therefore, a chemical interaction occurs between the first resin of the first optical material and the second resin of the second optical material, and the first optical The optical properties of the material and the second optical material may change.
- the diffractive optical element 101 includes the region 2 a on the optical adjustment layer 3 side in the substrate 1 and the substrate 1 side in the optical adjustment layer 3.
- the region 3a does not include a portion having a refractive index different from any of the refractive indexes of the first optical material and the second optical material.
- does not include a portion having a refractive index different from the refractive index of either the first optical material or the second optical material means that the substrate 1 and the optical adjustment layer 3 are not observed in TEM (transmission electron microscope) observation. It means that another layer or region cannot be visually observed during the period.
- the first optical material and the second optical material do not exert a chemical action on each other to the extent that the optical characteristics are affected.
- this suppresses the interaction between the first resin of the first optical material and the second resin of the second optical material when the diffractive optical element 101 is manufactured. This is because the process is adopted. For this reason, as described above, generation of unnecessary diffracted light is suppressed, and a diffractive optical element having excellent optical characteristics can be realized.
- the first resin of the first optical material constituting the substrate 1 Preferably has low refractive index and high wavelength dispersion.
- Polycarbonate containing aromatic rings bisphenol A polycarbonate, bisphenol F polycarbonate, etc.
- resins containing fluorene structure eg, Osaka Gas Chemical “OKP” series, etc.
- the polycarbonate resin and other resin may be copolymerized with the second optical material so as to satisfy the formula (1), alloyed with other resins, A blended resin may be used as the first optical material.
- the first optical material may contain an additive.
- thermosetting resin As the second resin, it is preferable to use a thermosetting resin or an energy ray curable resin because the process of forming the optical adjustment layer 3 is simplified.
- Specific examples include acrylate resins, methacrylate resins, epoxy resins, oxetane resins, and ene-thiol resins.
- the SP value is separated from the polycarbonate so that the value of ⁇ SP is in the range of ⁇ 0.7 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less.
- the SP value can be easily adjusted.
- the second resin may be composed of an alloy or blend of the above-described resins.
- the above-described resin is preferably contained in the second resin in an amount of 20% by weight or more. Moreover, you may use what modified
- the second optical material made of a composite material when used as the optical adjustment layer 3, the second optical material has a higher refractive index than the first optical material and has a lower wavelength than the first optical material. It is necessary to have dispersibility.
- the inorganic particles 4 to be dispersed in the second resin are also preferably composed mainly of a material having a low wavelength dispersibility, that is, a high Abbe number.
- the inorganic particles 4 when a polycarbonate-based resin having a benzene ring or a resin containing a fluorene structure is used as the first resin, the inorganic particles 4 are preferably composed mainly of a material having an Abbe number of 25 or more.
- zirconium oxide (Abbe number: 35), yttrium oxide (Abbe number: 34), lanthanum oxide (Abbe number: 35), hafnium oxide (Abbe number 32), scandium oxide (Abbe number: 27), alumina (Abbe number) : 76) and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of silica (Abbe number: 68) is particularly preferred. Moreover, you may use these complex oxides. In addition to these inorganic particles, as long as the wavelength band of light in which the diffractive optical element 101 is used satisfies Formula (1), for example, inorganic particles exhibiting a high refractive index represented by titanium oxide, zinc oxide, etc. You may coexist.
- the effective particle size of the inorganic particles 4 is preferably 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less. When the effective particle size is 100 nm or less, loss due to Rayleigh scattering can be reduced, and the transparency of the optical adjustment layer 3 can be increased. Further, by setting the effective particle size to 1 nm or more, it is possible to suppress the influence of light emission or the like due to the quantum effect.
- the 2nd optical material may further contain additives, such as a dispersing agent which improves the dispersibility of inorganic particles, a polymerization initiator, and a leveling agent, as needed.
- the effective particle diameter will be described with reference to FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents the particle size of the inorganic particles
- the left vertical axis represents the frequency of the inorganic particles with respect to the particle size on the horizontal axis.
- the vertical axis on the right represents the cumulative frequency of particle size.
- the effective particle size means that the particle size at which the cumulative frequency is 50% in the particle size frequency distribution of the entire inorganic particles is the central particle size (median diameter: d50), and the cumulative frequency is centered on the central particle size. It refers to the particle size range B in the range A of 50%. Therefore, it is preferable that the range of the effective particle size defined as described above of the inorganic particles 4 is in the range of 1 nm to 100 nm. In order to accurately determine the value of the effective particle size, for example, it is preferable to measure 200 or more inorganic particles.
- the second optical material preferably contains a silane coupling agent as a dispersant for uniformly dispersing the above-described inorganic particles.
- the dispersant has an effect of suppressing aggregation of particles and improving the transparency of the optical adjustment layer.
- the silane coupling agent include acrylic silane, vinyl silane, and epoxy silane.
- Acrylic silane includes ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
- the diffraction grating depth is reduced and processing becomes easy.
- the distance between adjacent diffraction gratings can be reduced, that is, the pitch can be narrowed, so that a high diffraction effect can be provided.
- a high-performance diffractive optical element can be realized.
- the difference ⁇ SP value between the solubility parameter of the first resin and the solubility parameter of the second resin is ⁇ 0.7 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less.
- the diffractive optical element that is capable of maintaining a good adhesion state without peeling off the optical adjustment layer from the substrate even in a harsh use environment, having high reliability, light weight, and excellent optical characteristics. can get. Further, since a resin is used for the substrate, the moldability is relatively easy and the life of the mold can be extended. Therefore, the diffraction grating element of this embodiment is excellent in mass productivity. Since the diffractive optical element of this embodiment has such a feature, for example, an optical device installed in a place where environmental temperature changes and vibrations are large, more specifically, a surveillance camera or an automobile installed outdoors. It is used suitably as optical elements, such as a vehicle-mounted camera.
- an antireflection layer may be provided on the surface of the optical adjustment layer 3.
- the material of the antireflection layer is not particularly limited as long as it has a refractive index smaller than that of the optical adjustment layer 3.
- a resin or a composite material of resin and inorganic particles, an inorganic thin film formed by vacuum deposition, or the like can be used.
- inorganic particles used in the composite material as the antireflection layer include silica, alumina, and magnesium oxide having a low refractive index.
- a nanostructure antireflection shape may be formed on the surface of the optical adjustment layer 3.
- the antireflection shape of the nanostructure can be easily formed by, for example, a transfer method (nanoimprint) using a mold.
- a surface layer having an effect of adjusting mechanical properties such as friction resistance and thermal expansion may be separately formed on the surface of the optical adjustment layer 3 or the antireflection layer.
- a surface layer having an effect of adjusting mechanical properties such as friction resistance and thermal expansion may be separately formed on the surface of the optical adjustment layer 3 or the antireflection layer.
- a substrate 1 having a diffraction grating 2 formed on the surface is prepared.
- a method in which a first optical material is supplied in a softened or melted state to a mold in which a diffraction grating shape is formed, and molding is performed, and a mold in which a diffraction grating shape is formed A method of casting a monomer, oligomer, or the like, which is a raw material of the first optical material, and polymerizing the raw material by heating and / or irradiation with energy rays, or a diffraction grating 2 by cutting, polishing, or the like on the surface of a previously formed substrate 1
- the substrate 1 on which the diffraction grating 2 is formed can be produced by a method for molding the substrate. You may produce the base
- the raw material of the 2nd optical material containing the inorganic particle and the raw material of 2nd resin is prepared.
- inorganic particles selected according to optical characteristics required as the second optical material can be used.
- ⁇ SP is ⁇ 0.7 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less, that is, the solubility parameter is ⁇ 0. 0 from the solubility parameter of the first resin contained in the first optical material.
- the raw material of the 2nd optical material containing the raw material of the 2nd resin which is 7 or more +0.7 [cal / cm ⁇ 3 >] ⁇ 1/2 > or less is prepared.
- the second resin is a resin that can be applied to the substrate 1 even when mixed with inorganic particles to form a composite and has a viscosity that does not entrap bubbles in the diffraction grating. Is preferably selected.
- the uncured viscosity is preferably 1000 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the viscosity of resin in the mixed state is 1000 mPa * s or less.
- the raw material of the second optical material including the inorganic particles and the raw material of the second resin does not substantially contain a solvent in a state before being disposed on the substrate 1.
- the substantially free state means that the solvent content is 0.3% or less with respect to the total weight of the raw material of the second optical material.
- the raw material of the second optical material does not substantially contain the solvent, the chemical interaction between the first optical material and the second optical material at the time of manufacturing the diffractive optical element is suppressed, and the refractive index is reduced.
- the raw material of the second optical material that does not substantially contain the solvent can be obtained, for example, by using the raw material of the second resin that does not substantially contain the solvent and dispersing inorganic particles in the raw material of the second resin.
- the inorganic particles are mixed with the solvent, and the mixed liquid and the raw material of the second resin are mixed, whereby the inorganic particles are secondly mixed.
- a solvent that can be easily removed from the raw material of the second resin in which the inorganic particles are dispersed can be selected.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- an evaporator is used to remove the solvent.
- the raw material 12 ′ of the second optical material containing the solvent is put into the flask 10, and the solvent is substantially reduced by reducing the pressure while warming with a water bath or the like. Remove until no more.
- a raw material 12 of the second optical material is disposed on the base 1 so as to cover the diffraction grating 2.
- the method of disposing the raw material 12 of the second optical material on the diffraction grating 2 of the base 1 depends on the shape accuracy of the diffraction grating 2 determined from the material characteristics such as viscosity and the optical characteristics required for the diffractive optical element. It can be appropriately selected from various known coating layer forming processes. For example, coating using a liquid injection nozzle such as a dispenser, dip coating such as dip coating, spray coating, spray coating such as an inkjet method, coating by rotation such as spin coating, coating by squeezing such as screen printing, etc. Good. Moreover, you may combine these processes suitably. This also applies to the following embodiments.
- ⁇ SP of the first resin and the second resin is ⁇ 0.7 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less.
- the shape accuracy required for the optical adjustment layer 3 particularly the shape of the surface opposite to the diffraction grating 2 with high accuracy
- a mold is used in the curing process, and the shape of the optical adjustment layer 3 is changed. Control may be performed with higher molding accuracy.
- the raw material 12 of the optical adjustment layer from which the solvent has been removed is dropped onto the substrate 1 from the dispenser 11. Subsequently, as illustrated in FIG. 4D, the mold 13 is pressed against the raw material 12, and the mold 13 is disposed on the base 1 so as to cover the raw material 12.
- the material of the mold 13 can be appropriately selected according to the required shape accuracy and durability. For example, metals such as iron, aluminum, alloys thereof, and brass can be used. You may use the metal which surface-treated, such as nickel plating, as needed. Resins such as quartz, glass, epoxy resin, polyester resin, and polyolefin resin can also be used as the material of the mold 13.
- the raw material 12 of the second optical material may be disposed inside the mold 13 and then pressed against the substrate 1.
- the raw material 12 before curing has a low viscosity, it is easy to go around the substrate 1 having the diffraction grating 2 formed on the surface, and the entrapment of bubbles and the like is suppressed, and the optical adjustment layer 3 and the substrate 1 are cured. Since the adhesiveness is also improved, it is more preferable to directly arrange the raw material 12 on the substrate 1.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 When the optical adjustment layer 3 is molded using the mold 13, it is common to perform mold release after the curing step. However, if the raw material 12 does not deform in the state before curing, the raw material of the second resin contained in the raw material 12 may be cured after first releasing the mold.
- mold release is performed after curing by energy beam irradiation, the energy beam is irradiated to the raw material of the second resin contained in the raw material 12 in a state where the raw material 12 is regulated by the mold 13.
- an opaque material such as metal is used as the mold 13, as shown in FIG. 4D, energy rays are irradiated from the surface opposite to the surface on which the raw material 12 of the substrate 1 is disposed.
- the second resin can be cured by irradiating the raw material of the second resin contained in the raw material 12 with energy rays.
- the entire raw material 12 is cured.
- the diffractive optical element 101 in which the optical adjustment layer 3 is formed on the surface of the substrate 1 is completed as shown in FIG.
- ⁇ SP which is a difference in solubility parameter between the first resin and the second resin, is small, so that the optical adjustment layer 3 is in close contact with the surface of the substrate 1.
- the solvent is contained in the raw material 12 of the second optical material, it may be considered that the solvent is removed after the raw material of the second optical material is arranged on the substrate 1.
- the solubility of the first resin and the first resin as the second resin is prevented so that the monomer or oligomer that is the raw material of the second resin does not penetrate into the substrate 1 during this period. It is necessary to prepare a material with a large parameter difference.
- the manufacturing method of the present embodiment since the raw material of the second optical material does not substantially contain a solvent, the penetration of the raw material of the second resin of the base 1 and the solvent is suppressed. .
- the production tact for manufacturing the diffractive optical element can be shortened.
- the raw material of the second optical material when the raw material of the second optical material is disposed on the substrate 1, the raw material of the second optical material does not substantially contain a solvent.
- a chemical interaction between the first optical material and the second optical material during the manufacture of the diffractive optical element is suppressed, and a layer or region having a refractive index different from that of either the first optical material or the second optical material is formed. Can be suppressed.
- ⁇ SP is ⁇ 0.7 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less, bubble entrapment into the diffraction grating of the substrate 1 during the manufacture of the diffractive optical element is suppressed, and the substrate and the optical element Adhesion with the adjustment layer is also improved.
- a diffractive optical element 101 having the structure shown in FIGS. 1A to 1B was produced by the following method.
- the diffractive optical element 101 has a lens action and is designed to use first-order diffracted light. The same applies to the following embodiments.
- a polycarbonate resin (d-line refractive index 1.585, Abbe number 28, SP value 9.8 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 ) is injection-molded to form an aspheric shape.
- the effective radius of the lens part is 0.828 mm
- the number of annular zones is 29, the minimum annular zone pitch is 14 ⁇ m
- the paraxial R (curvature radius) of the aspherical surface on which diffraction is formed is ⁇ 1.0144 mm.
- a composite material as a raw material for the optical adjustment layer 3 was prepared as follows.
- acrylate resin A d-line refractive index 1.529, Abbe number 50, SP value 11.5 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2
- acrylate resin B d-line refraction
- an IPA dispersion of zirconium oxide (primary particle size of 3 to 10 nm, effective particle size of 6 nm by light scattering method, containing a silane surface treatment agent) was oxidized in the total solid content excluding IPA as a dispersion medium. It was dispersed so that the weight ratio of zirconium was 36% by weight and mixed with a photopolymerization initiator.
- the solvent in the composite material was completely removed using an evaporator, and the composite material was filled into a syringe while defoaming using a vacuum stirring defoaming mixer (manufactured by EME Co., Ltd., V-mini300).
- the refractive index at d-line is 1.623
- the Abbe number is 43
- the light transmittance at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm is 90% or more (film thickness 30 ⁇ m).
- the refractive index was measured using a raw material of the optical adjustment layer 3 on a flat plate, forming a film under the same conditions, and using a prism coupler (manufactured by Metricon Corporation, MODEL 2010). The measurement was performed at three wavelengths (405 nm, 532 nm, and 633 nm), and the refractive index and Abbe number of other wavelengths were calculated by an approximate expression using the respective measured refractive index values.
- this second optical material was dropped on the substrate 1 using a dispenser, and immediately placed on a mold (a nickel plating film was formed on the surface of the stainless steel alloy), and the back surface of the substrate 1 (the composite material was dropped). from the surface opposite to the surface), UV (illuminance 120 mW / cm 2, to cure the second resin by irradiating the integrated quantity of light 4000 mJ / cm 2). Thereafter, it was separated from the mold and formed as the optical adjustment layer 3.
- the surface shape of the optical adjustment layer 3 was formed so as to coincide with the aspherical shape along the envelope shape at the base of the diffraction grating 2.
- the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 3 is 30 ⁇ m at the thickest part (that is, the part corresponding to the deepest part of the diffractive optical element), and 15 ⁇ m at the thinnest part (that is, the part corresponding to the tip part of the diffractive optical element). Formed.
- the diffraction efficiency of the diffractive optical element 101 produced through the above steps was measured.
- a white light source and a color filter R: 640 nm, G: 540 nm, B: 440 nm
- the maximum luminance at the condensing point corresponding to each diffraction order when a light beam of each wavelength is transmitted through the diffractive optical element Measurement was performed using an ultra-precise three-dimensional measuring apparatus (manufactured by Mitaka Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and the calculation was performed using the following formula 7. In the following examples and comparative examples, higher-order diffracted light higher than third-order diffracted light was not detected.
- the first-order diffraction efficiency of the diffractive optical element 101 of this example was 90% or more at all wavelengths, and the second-order diffracted light was 6%. In addition, if the first-order diffraction efficiency is 85% or more, it can be said that the diffractive optical element has high light collecting performance.
- the diffractive optical element 101 was observed with an optical microscope, no bubbles were observed within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element. Further, when the substrate was cut at a cross section passing through the optical axis and the boundary portion between the substrate 1 and the optical adjustment layer 3 was observed with an optical microscope, no change in the diffraction grating or refractive index change layer due to the interaction of the materials was observed.
- the diffractive optical element 101 was placed in an environmental tester (manufactured by ESPEC ENGINEERING, PVL-2SP) and left in an environment of 90 ° C. and 85% humidity for 168 hours. After standing, the diffractive optical element was observed with an optical microscope, and the adhesion of the optical adjustment layer was examined. As a result, no peeling within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element was observed.
- Example 2 As Example 2, a diffractive optical element having the same structure as Example 1 was produced by the same method as Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the second resin is mixed with the acrylate resin A and the acrylate resin B at a weight ratio of 20:80.
- the first-order diffraction efficiency of the diffractive optical element 101 of this example was 92% or more at all wavelengths, and the second-order diffracted light was 6%.
- the diffractive optical element 101 was observed with an optical microscope, no bubbles were observed within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element. Further, when the substrate was cut at a cross section passing through the optical axis and the boundary portion between the substrate 1 and the optical adjustment layer 3 was observed with an optical microscope, no change in the diffraction grating or refractive index change layer due to the interaction of the materials was observed. Further, when the adhesion of the optical adjustment layer was examined in the same manner as in Example 1, no peeling within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element was observed.
- Example 3 As Example 3, a diffractive optical element having the same structure as Example 1 was produced by the same method as Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the second resin is mixed with acrylate resin A and acrylate resin B at a weight ratio of 40:60.
- the first-order diffraction efficiency of the diffractive optical element 101 of this example was 90% or more at all wavelengths, and the second-order diffracted light was 7%.
- the diffractive optical element 101 was observed with an optical microscope, no bubbles were observed within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element. Further, when the substrate was cut at a cross section passing through the optical axis and the boundary portion between the substrate 1 and the optical adjustment layer 3 was observed with an optical microscope, no change in the diffraction grating or refractive index change layer due to the interaction of the materials was observed. Further, when the adhesion of the optical adjustment layer was examined in the same manner as in Example 1, no peeling within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element was observed.
- Example 4 As Example 4, a diffractive optical element having the same structure as Example 1 was produced by the same method as Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the second resin is mixed with acrylate resin A and acrylate resin B at a weight ratio of 50:50.
- the first-order diffraction efficiency of the diffractive optical element 101 of this example was 91% or more at all wavelengths and the second-order diffracted light was 5%.
- the diffractive optical element 101 was observed with an optical microscope, no bubbles were observed within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element. Further, when the substrate was cut at a cross section passing through the optical axis and the boundary portion between the substrate 1 and the optical adjustment layer 3 was observed with an optical microscope, no change in the diffraction grating or refractive index change layer due to the interaction of the materials was observed. Further, when the adhesion of the optical adjustment layer was examined in the same manner as in Example 1, no peeling within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element was observed.
- Example 5 As Example 5, a diffractive optical element having the same structure as Example 1 was produced by the same method as Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the second resin is mixed with acrylate resin A and acrylate resin B at a weight ratio of 60:40.
- the first-order diffraction efficiency of the diffractive optical element 101 of this example was 91% or more at all wavelengths, and the second-order diffracted light was 6%.
- the diffractive optical element 101 was observed with an optical microscope, no bubbles were observed within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element. Further, when the substrate was cut at a cross section passing through the optical axis and the boundary portion between the substrate 1 and the optical adjustment layer 3 was observed with an optical microscope, no change in the diffraction grating or refractive index change layer due to the interaction of the materials was observed. Further, when the adhesion of the optical adjustment layer was examined in the same manner as in Example 1, no peeling within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element was observed.
- Example 1 As a comparative example, a diffractive optical element having the same structure as in Example 1 was produced by the same method as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the second resin is mixed with acrylate resin A and acrylate resin B at a weight ratio of 0: 100.
- the primary diffraction efficiency of the diffractive optical element 101 of this comparative example was 90% or more at all wavelengths, and the secondary diffraction light was 6%.
- the diffractive optical element 101 was observed with an optical microscope, bubbles were observed within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element. Further, when the substrate was cut at a cross section passing through the optical axis and the boundary portion between the substrate 1 and the optical adjustment layer 3 was observed with an optical microscope, no change in the diffraction grating or refractive index change layer due to the interaction of the materials was observed. Further, when the adhesion of the optical adjustment layer was examined in the same manner as in Example 1, no peeling within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element was observed.
- Example 2 As a comparative example, a diffractive optical element having the same structure as in Example 1 was produced by the same method as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the second resin is mixed with the acrylate resin A and the acrylate resin B at a weight ratio of 70:30.
- the primary diffraction efficiency of the diffractive optical element 101 of this comparative example was 90% or more at all wavelengths and the secondary diffraction light was 7%.
- the diffractive optical element 101 was observed with an optical microscope, no bubbles were observed within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element. Further, when the substrate was cut at a cross section passing through the optical axis and the boundary portion between the substrate 1 and the optical adjustment layer 3 was observed with an optical microscope, no change in the diffraction grating or refractive index change layer due to the interaction of the materials was observed. Further, when the adhesion of the optical adjustment layer was examined in the same manner as in Example 1, peeling within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element was observed.
- Example 3 As a comparative example, a diffractive optical element having the same structure as in Example 1 was produced by the same method as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the second resin is acrylate resin A and epoxy acrylate resin C (d-line refractive index 1.569, Abbe number 35, SP value 12.1 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 ). Is mixed at a weight ratio of 90:10, and an IPA dispersion of zirconium oxide (primary particle size of 3 to 10 nm, effective particle size of 6 nm by light scattering method, containing silane surface treatment agent) is added to the mixture. It is the point which dispersed so that the weight ratio of the zirconium oxide in the total solid content except IPA which is may become 25 weight%, and mixed with the photoinitiator.
- the second resin is acrylate resin A and epoxy acrylate resin C (d-line refractive index 1.569, Abbe number 35, SP value 12.1 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 ).
- the primary diffraction efficiency of the diffractive optical element 101 of this comparative example was 91% or more at all wavelengths and the secondary diffraction light was 6%.
- the diffractive optical element 101 was observed with an optical microscope, no bubbles were observed within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element. Further, when the substrate was cut at a cross section passing through the optical axis and the boundary portion between the substrate 1 and the optical adjustment layer 3 was observed with an optical microscope, no change in the diffraction grating or refractive index change layer due to the interaction of the materials was observed. Further, when the adhesion of the optical adjustment layer was examined in the same manner as in Example 1, peeling within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element was observed.
- Example 4 As a comparative example, a diffractive optical element having the same structure as in Example 4 was produced by the same method as in Example 4. The difference from Example 4 is that when the optical adjustment layer is formed, inorganic particles are not mixed and the resin layer is formed only with a resin.
- Example 5 As a comparative example, a diffractive optical element having the same structure as in Example 3 was produced by the same method as in Example 3. The difference from Example 3 is that when the optical adjustment layer is formed, inorganic particles are not mixed, and the resin layer is formed only with a resin.
- Example 6 a diffractive optical element having the same structure as in Example 5 was produced by the same method as in Example 5. The difference from Example 5 is that when the optical adjustment layer is formed, the inorganic particles are not mixed and the resin layer is formed only from the resin.
- Table 1 summarizes the results of the composition and viscosity of the second resin, ⁇ SP, ejection and bubbles, and high-temperature and high-humidity storage test of the diffractive optical element according to each example and comparative example.
- ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ indicate the evaluation of the discharge time, the state of bubbles, and the results of the high-temperature and high-humidity storage test, and the results of the respective evaluation items are shown in FIG.
- ⁇ SP is in the range of ⁇ 0.7 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less.
- entrapment of bubbles when forming the optical adjustment layer and peeling of the optical adjustment layer after the high temperature and high humidity test were not observed. This is because ⁇ SP is not less than ⁇ 0.7 and not more than +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 and the solubility parameter of any of the first resin and the second resin is not small.
- Is applied on the diffraction grating of the substrate 1 the air between the substrate 1 and the raw material 12 is pushed out along the surface of the substrate 1 and the surface of the raw material 12, and the entrapment of bubbles is suppressed. It is believed that there is. Further, since ⁇ SP is small, it is considered that the adhesion between the first optical material and the second optical material is improved.
- ⁇ SP is outside the range of ⁇ 0.7 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less. For this reason, it is considered that bubbles are trapped, high adhesion cannot be obtained, and the optical adjustment layer is peeled off in the high temperature and high humidity test.
- ⁇ Sp is ⁇ 0.8
- the solubility parameter of the second resin contained in the optical adjustment layer 3 is relatively small. For this reason, it is thought that the wettability of the optical adjustment layer 3 is poor and bubbles are easily trapped.
- ⁇ SP is larger than +0.7, and the difference in solubility parameter between the first resin and the second resin is large. Therefore, it is considered that the adhesion between the first optical material and the second optical material is lowered, and the optical adjustment layer is peeled off in the high temperature and high humidity test.
- the second optical material of the optical adjustment layer does not contain inorganic particles. For this reason, since the viscosity of the second optical material is lowered, bubbles are trapped even when the value of ⁇ SP is in the range of ⁇ 0.7 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less. it is conceivable that.
- the second optical material contains the second resin and inorganic particles, and ⁇ SP is ⁇ 0.7 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less. It can be seen that the diffractive optical element having excellent optical characteristics can be obtained without the optical adjustment layer being peeled off from the substrate even in a severe use environment.
- ⁇ SP has excellent characteristics in the range of ⁇ 0.7 or more and +0.7 [cal / cm 3 ] 1/2 or less.
- the diffractive optical element disclosed in the present application can be suitably used as, for example, a camera lens, a spatial low-pass filter, a polarization hologram, or the like.
- it is suitably used as an optical element of an apparatus installed in a place where environmental temperature changes and vibrations are severe.
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Abstract
Description
δ=(ΔE/V)1/2 (2)
ΔSP=[前記第2樹脂の溶解度パラメータ]-[前記第1樹脂の溶解度パラメータ]
ΔSP=[前記第2樹脂の溶解度パラメータ]-[前記第1樹脂の溶解度パラメータ]
ΔSP=[前記第2樹脂の溶解度パラメータ]-[前記第1樹脂の溶解度パラメータ]
図1(a)および図1(b)は、本発明による回折光学素子の第1の実施形態の断面図および上面図を示している。
ΔSP=[第2樹脂の溶解度パラメータ]-[第1樹脂の溶解度パラメータ]
以下、本発明による回折光学素子の製造方法の実施形態を説明する。
logη=CA・logηA+CB・logηB (6)
(実施例1)
図1(a)~(b)に示す構造を備えた回折光学素子101を、次の方法により作製した。回折光学素子101はレンズ作用を有し、1次回折光を利用するように設計されている。この点は以下の実施例についても同様である。
実施例2として、実施例1と同じ構造を備えた回折光学素子を、実施例1と同様の方法により作製した。実施例1と異なる点は、第2樹脂を、アクリレート樹脂Aと、アクリレート樹脂Bを重量比20:80の割合で混合した点である。
実施例3として、実施例1と同じ構造を備えた回折光学素子を、実施例1と同様の方法により作製した。実施例1と異なる点は、第2樹脂を、アクリレート樹脂Aと、アクリレート樹脂Bを重量比40:60の割合で混合した点である。
実施例4として、実施例1と同じ構造を備えた回折光学素子を、実施例1と同様の方法により作製した。実施例1と異なる点は、第2樹脂を、アクリレート樹脂Aと、アクリレート樹脂Bを重量比50:50の割合で混合した点である。
実施例5として、実施例1と同じ構造を備えた回折光学素子を、実施例1と同様の方法により作製した。実施例1と異なる点は、第2樹脂を、アクリレート樹脂Aと、アクリレート樹脂Bを重量比60:40の割合で混合した点である。
比較例として、実施例1と同じ構造を備えた回折光学素子を、実施例1と同様の方法により作製した。実施例1と異なる点は、第2樹脂を、アクリレート樹脂Aと、アクリレート樹脂Bを重量比0:100の割合で混合した点である。
比較例として、実施例1と同じ構造を備えた回折光学素子を、実施例1と同様の方法により作製した。実施例1と異なる点は、第2樹脂を、アクリレート樹脂Aと、アクリレート樹脂Bを重量比70:30の割合で混合した点である。
比較例として、実施例1と同じ構造を備えた回折光学素子を、実施例1と同様の方法により作製した。実施例1と異なる点は、第2樹脂を、アクリレート樹脂Aと、エポキシアクリレート樹脂C(d線屈折率1.569、アッベ数35、SP値12.1[cal/cm3]1/2)を重量比90:10の割合で混合し、この混合物に、酸化ジルコニウム(一次粒径3~10nm、光散乱法による実効粒径6nm、シラン系表面処理剤含有)のIPA分散液を、分散媒であるIPAを除いた全固形分中における酸化ジルコニウムの重量比が25重量%となるように分散し、光重合開始剤とともに混合した点である。
比較例として、実施例4と同じ構造を備えた回折光学素子を、実施例4と同様の方法により作製した。実施例4と異なる点は、光学調整層を形成する際に無機粒子を混合せずに、樹脂のみで形成した点である。
比較例として、実施例3と同じ構造を備えた回折光学素子を、実施例3と同様の方法により作製した。実施例3と異なる点は、光学調整層を形成する際に無機粒子を混合せずに、樹脂のみで形成した点である。
比較例として、実施例5と同じ構造を備えた回折光学素子を、実施例5と同様の方法により作製した。実施例5と異なる点は、光学調整層を形成する際に無機粒子を混合せずに、樹脂のみで形成した点である。
各実施例および比較例による回折光学素子の第2樹脂の組成および粘度、ΔSP、吐出および気泡、高温高湿保管試験の結果を表1にまとめて示す。表1において示す○、△、×は、吐出時間、気泡の状態、および高温高湿保管試験結果の評価を示し、図2に示すようにそれぞれの評価項目の結果を示している。
2 回折格子
3 光学調整層
4 無機粒子
5 マトリクス樹脂
10 フラスコ
11 ディスペンサー
12 溶媒を含まない光学調整層の原料
12’ 溶媒を含む光学調整層の原料
13 型
101 回折光学素子
Claims (13)
- 第1樹脂を含む第1光学材料からなり、表面に回折格子を有する基体と、
第2樹脂および無機粒子を含む第2光学材料からなり、前記回折格子を覆うように前記基体に設けられた光学調整層と、
を備え、
下記式で定義されるΔSPが-0.7以上+0.7[cal/cm3]1/2以下であり、
ΔSP=[前記第2樹脂の溶解度パラメータ]-[前記第1樹脂の溶解度パラメータ]
前記回折格子による回折の設計次数はn次であり、400nm以上700nm以下の波長領域におけるn+1次の不要次数回折光が7%以下である、回折光学素子。 - 第1樹脂を含む第1光学材料からなり、表面に回折格子を有する基体と、
第2樹脂および無機粒子を含む第2光学材料からなり、前記回折格子を覆うように前記基体に設けられた光学調整層と、
を備え、
下記式で定義されるΔSPが-0.7以上+0.7[cal/cm3]1/2以下であり、
ΔSP=[前記第2樹脂の溶解度パラメータ]-[前記第1樹脂の溶解度パラメータ]
前記基体内の前記光学調整層側、および、前記光学調整層内の前記基体側に、前記第1光学材料および前記第2光学材料の屈折率のいずれとも異なる屈折率を有する部分を含まない、回折光学素子。 - ΔSPが+0.5以上+0.7[cal/cm3]1/2以下である請求項1または2に記載の回折光学素子。
- 前記第1樹脂は、ポリカーボネート、および、フルオレン構造を有する樹脂の少なくとも一方を含む請求項1または2に記載の回折光学素子。
- 前記第2樹脂は、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレートを含む請求項1または2に記載の回折光学素子。
- 前記無機粒子は、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化イットリウム、酸化ランタン、酸化ハフニウム、酸化スカンジウム、アルミナおよびシリカからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを主成分として含む請求項1または2に記載の回折光学素子。
- 前記第1光学材料の屈折率は前記第2光学材料の屈折率より小さく、前記第1光学材料の屈折率の波長分散性は前記第2光学材料の屈折率の波長分散性より大きい請求項1または2に記載の回折光学素子。
- 前記無機粒子の実効粒径は、1nm以上100nm以下である請求項6に記載の回折光学素子。
- 第1樹脂を含む第1光学材料からなり、表面に回折格子を有する基体を用意する工程と、
無機粒子および第2樹脂の原料を含む第2光学材料の原料を用意する工程と、
前記回折格子を覆うように前記基体上に第2光学材料の原料を配置する工程と、
光学調整層の外形を規定する型を前記第2光学材料の原料に押し当てながら前記第2樹脂の原料を硬化させることにより、前記第2樹脂および前記無機粒子を含む前記第2光学材料からなる前記光学調整層を形成する工程と
を包含し、
前記第2光学材料の原料は、前記第2光学材料の原料を配置する工程の前において、溶媒を実質的に含んでおらず、
下記式で定義されるΔSPが、
ΔSP=[前記第2樹脂の溶解度パラメータ]-[前記第1樹脂の溶解度パラメータ]
-0.7以上+0.7[cal/cm3]1/2以下である、回折光学素子の製造方法。 - 前記第2光学材料の原料を用意する工程は、
溶媒に分散した前記無機粒子と前記第2樹脂の原料とを混合し、混合物を得る工程と、
前記混合物から前記溶媒を除去する工程と
を含む請求項9に記載の回折光学素子の製造方法。 - 前記第2光学材料の原料の未硬化状態における粘度が1000mPa・s以下である、請求項9または10に記載の回折光学素子の製造方法。
- 前記第1樹脂は、ポリカーボネート、および、フルオレン構造を有する樹脂の少なくとも一方を含む請求項9から11のいずれかに記載の回折光学素子の製造方法。
- 前記第2樹脂は、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレートを含む請求項9から12のいずれかに記載の回折光学素子の製造方法。
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JP2019035912A (ja) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-03-07 | 国立大学法人電気通信大学 | 感光性組成物、ホログラフィック回折格子記録層、ホログラフィック回折格子記録媒体、およびホログラフィックパターン形成方法 |
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WO2019031786A1 (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2019-02-14 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | OPTICAL ELEMENT, POLARIZING ELEMENT, AND DISPLAY DEVICE |
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