WO2013166830A1 - 一种城市混合垃圾分选及综合利用方法 - Google Patents

一种城市混合垃圾分选及综合利用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013166830A1
WO2013166830A1 PCT/CN2012/086074 CN2012086074W WO2013166830A1 WO 2013166830 A1 WO2013166830 A1 WO 2013166830A1 CN 2012086074 W CN2012086074 W CN 2012086074W WO 2013166830 A1 WO2013166830 A1 WO 2013166830A1
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Prior art keywords
air
plastic
garbage
screen
drum screen
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PCT/CN2012/086074
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王树众
陈林
赵军
孟海鱼
王龙飞
李学东
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Priority to US14/399,927 priority Critical patent/US9545650B2/en
Publication of WO2013166830A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013166830A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/12—Apparatus having only parallel elements
    • B07B1/14—Roller screens
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    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/18—Drum screens
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    • B07B1/24—Revolving drums with fixed or moving interior agitators
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    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
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    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
    • B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
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    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of urban domestic garbage disposal, in particular to a method for sorting and comprehensively utilizing urban mixed garbage, in particular, using mechanical methods to efficiently sort out different components of garbage, such as organic matter, magnetic substances, plastics, fabrics, etc. Different materials are sorted and used in different ways to reduce waste, harmless, and resource waste.
  • landfill, composting and incineration methods are mainly used in China's garbage disposal, and it is impossible to completely realize the harmless treatment and resource utilization of domestic garbage.
  • the landfill method accounts for more than 85% of the total waste treatment in China. Landfills are highly prone to produce CH4-rich landfill gas. There have been explosions in various landfills in Guangdong and Yunnan. The landfill will also produce a large amount of landfill leachate, which contains toxic and harmful organic chemical pollutants such as heavy metals and a large number of virus pathogens. After infiltration into groundwater, it will cause serious groundwater pollution. The water source of the Yongding River in Beijing is due to the nearby garbage dump. Improper treatment of leachate has caused a significant threat to the safety of drinking water for 100,000 people in the area.
  • the incineration method Incineration accounts for about 9% of China's total waste disposal. Incineration can effectively use the heat energy in the garbage, which can be reduced by more than 75%.
  • the highly toxic carcinogen "dioxin" is easily produced, and the fly ash produced by incineration contains a lot of heavy metals, which is dangerous. Improper handling can cause serious pollution. Heavy metals and dioxins are difficult to monitor online, and the treatment methods are expensive. This makes environmental protection investment account for more than 1/3 of total waste incineration power plants, and it is still difficult to ensure compliance.
  • several waste incineration power plants in Guangzhou and other places have been forced to stop operating under the pressure of the public. Developed countries such as the United States and Japan continued to shut down waste-to-energy plants after 2000.
  • the composting method accounts for about 4% of the total waste treatment in China. Composting can realize the resource utilization of waste, but the classification in the composting process is not thorough, and the residues of plastic, iron, glass and the like in the fertilizer raw materials cause the fertilizer to be unclean, and the composting products lose the value as fertilizer and cause soil pollution. Harm to crops.
  • the composting method achieves a 70% reduction rate, and more than 30% of the compost residue needs to be disposed of separately.
  • the technique Optimize and integrate domestic waste sorting and waste utilization methods such as incineration, landfill, and composting. First, sort out the materials that can be recycled in the waste for each resource utilization method, and then sort each of the sorted materials. Substances are utilized in different ways of resource utilization.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for sorting and comprehensively utilizing urban mixed domestic garbage, so as to achieve mechanization, refinement and high value of urban living garbage sorting.
  • a method for sorting and comprehensively utilizing municipal mixed garbage comprising the following steps:
  • the garbage enters the two-stage drum screen and sieves the dust with a particle size of less than 3mm.
  • the long strips are picked up, the long strips are fabric and strip plastic; the dust is fed.
  • the mixed garbage enters the vibrating screen.
  • the screen diameter of the vibrating screen is 10mm; the sieve top is a large piece of plastic and inorganic blocks with a diameter larger than 10mm, and the sieve tops
  • the inorganic block, large piece of plastic and paper are separated by a heavy object air sorting machine, and the inorganic block enters the crushing equipment, and is crushed to a size of 3 mm or less into a two-stage drum screen; the sieve having a particle diameter of less than or equal to 10 mm, Entering the double-air chamber multi-functional air sorting machine, the double-air chamber multi-functional air sorting machine divides the materials into three categories: heavy materials, mainly metal, masonry, ceramics, glass, heavy materials from the double wind chamber After the functional air-selection machine comes out, the magnetic material is sorted and sorted out by magnetic separation equipment for recycling, and the masonry, ceramics and glass are sorted for landfill; light materials, mainly paper and
  • the cooking of the kitchen waste comprises the following steps: directly mixing the medium-sized kitchen waste sorted by the double-wind chamber multi-functional air sorter into one or more of chicken manure, pig manure, straw, rice husk
  • the aerobic fermentation tank enters the aerobic fermentation tank, and after 10-15 days of aerobic fermentation, the static strips are accumulated and fermented for 30 days after being discharged, and then sieved to separate plastic and inorganic impurities having a particle diameter of more than 4 to 5 mm; Fertilizer base silo, then weighed and added ammonia water and steam into the granulator for granulation, granulation, then into the dryer for drying, drying the dryer, placed on a drying belt for further drying, and then fine screening, screening
  • the sieve material with the particle size less than lmm is returned to the fertilizer base silo; then the coarse screening is performed, and the sieve material with the particle diameter larger than 5 mm is screened and returned to the fertilizer base silo; then cooled to room temperature by the cooler to
  • the plastic preparation of the plastic wood comprises the following steps: 1 treating the wood powder fiber crushed to 40-80 mesh in a drying apparatus of 15 CTC for 3 hours; 2 carrying out the plastic obtained by weighting and the plastic obtained by vertical weighting and air-selecting Mixing, washing and crushing, drying and dehydration, granulation to obtain mixed plastic particles with a particle size of 40-60 mesh; 3 in a high-speed mixer with heating jacket, first add wood powder fiber, stir for 5 minutes, then mix the plastic particles and Additives other than the compatibilizer are added and stirred evenly. The compatibilizer is added 5 minutes before the discharge. After the mixture is evenly mixed, the plastic is obtained.
  • composition of the wood and its mass percentage are: polyethylene 30 % ⁇ 47%, polypropylene 5% ⁇ 8%, PVC 10% ⁇ 15%, wood powder fiber 30% ⁇ 35%, compatibilizer 3% ⁇ 8%, coupling agent 0.3% ⁇ 2.4%, light Stabilizer 0.3% ⁇ 0.5%, antioxidant 0.3% ⁇ 0.5%, lubricant 2% ⁇ 4%, colorant 1% ⁇ 3%, antistatic agent 0.2% ⁇ 0.4%, deodorant sterilization preservative 0.2% ⁇ 0.3 %; wood powder fiber is one or more mixture of poplar, mahogany, eucalyptus, cedar wood powder fiber; compatibilizer is HD900E Ester compatibilizer, coupling agent is titanate JTW-130 coupling agent, light stabilizer is bis(2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, antioxidant For 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol, the lubricant is polyethylene wax, the colorant is quinacridone colorant, and the antistatic agent is octadecyldimethylhydroxyethy
  • the method further comprises the following steps: 4 granulating the plastic wood pellets obtained from the high speed mixer The plastic wood pellets were obtained; 5 the plastic wood pellets were extruded by a screw extruder to obtain a sample; when the extrusion molding, the temperature of the feeding section was 140 ° C, and the temperature of the extrusion section was 210 ° C.
  • the paper and textile preparation of the waste-derived fuel comprises the following steps: 1. Mixing the paper and the textile to form a combustible component of the domestic garbage, and then drying the combustible component of the domestic garbage by a rotary dryer, the drying temperature is 200°. C, the water content is reduced to 25%; 2.
  • the shearing crusher is used to crush the combustible components of the domestic garbage to ensure that the 95% of the total number of particles after crushing is less than 20 mm; 3 crushing the bituminous coal to the particle size 3 ⁇ 5mm, then mix the flammable components of domestic garbage, pulverized coal and calcium oxide, stir evenly, and store the materials for 10 minutes; 4 Add a mixture of industrial corn starch and sodium humate; 5 molding process, using spiral extrusion The press molding machine extrudes the mixture material; 6 drying the extruded waste-derived fuel, drying temperature 150 ° C, reducing the water content of the fuel to 12%; the composition and weight of the garbage-derived fuel The hundred distribution ratio is: 65.0% ⁇ 74.0% of combustible components of domestic garbage, 21.5% ⁇ 30% of bituminous coal, 1.0 ⁇ 2.5 of calcium oxide for industrial use, 1.5 ⁇ 2.5% of industrial corn starch, 1.0% of sodium humate
  • step 3 the dust is sent to the sedimentation tank to precipitate the separated organic matter and inorganic matter, and the organic matter is prepared to prepare biogas, and the inorganic matter is landfilled.
  • the two-stage drum screen comprises a fixed frame, a drum screen and a drum screen driving device mounted on the fixed frame;
  • the drum screen comprises an interconnected drum screen inlet section and a drum screen outlet section;
  • a sieve material collecting device is arranged below the drum screen;
  • a plurality of sieve holes are arranged in the circumferential direction of the inlet section of the drum screen and the outlet section of the drum screen, and a plurality of broken walls are installed on the inner wall of the inlet section of the drum screen a bag cutter, a cleaning device corresponding to the bag cutter in the inlet section of the drum screen;
  • a plurality of long strip picking devices are installed, and a long strip collecting device consisting of three rows of hanging needle chains is installed in the outlet section of the drum screen.
  • the angle between the trommel and the horizontal direction is 3° to 8°.
  • the bag cutter has a quadrangular pyramid shape with one side perpendicular to the bottom surface of the bag cutter.
  • the bag cutter is welded to the steel plate, and the steel plate is mounted on the inner wall circumference of the inlet portion of the drum screen in an embedded manner.
  • the knife device is fixed to the disc in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the bag cutter.
  • the three rows of hanging needle chains comprise a first hanging chain, a second hanging chain and a third hanging chain; the first hanging chain, the second hanging chain and the third hanging chain are respectively provided with a plurality of hanging
  • the distance between the first hanging chain and the second hanging chain is 0.1D, and the distance between the second hanging chain and the third hanging chain is 0.12D;
  • the first hanging chain and the second hanging chain are located on the roller
  • the third hanging needle chain is located on the other side of the center of the roller screen;
  • the third hanging needle chain is 0.07D away from the center of the roller, and the length of the hanging needle is 0.25D, where D is the diameter of the roller screen.
  • the double air chamber multi-functional air sorting machine comprises a casing, wherein the first wind selection room, the second air selection room and the vibrating screen are arranged in the casing; and a rotary feeder is arranged at the feeding port of the casing;
  • the first part of the housing is connected to the blower unit below the rotary feeder a first air-stage air inlet;
  • a first two-stage air-locking device is arranged at a lower portion of the first air-selecting chamber near the first air chamber;
  • a vibrating screen is arranged on the right side of the first two-stage air-locking device;
  • a second double-stage air-locking discharge device is arranged at a lower portion of the sieve;
  • a second air-selection chamber is arranged at a right side of the vibration sieve;
  • a second air chamber air inlet port connecting the blower group is arranged below the discharge port of the vibration sieve, and the second wind a third double-stage air-locking discharge device is arranged
  • the rotary feeder includes a rotary feed lock and a dispersing roller located at a lower portion of the rotary feed lock.
  • the first air chamber air inlet and the second air chamber air inlet have a right-angled trapezoidal cross section along the air inlet direction, and a rectangular cross section perpendicular to the air inlet direction; the height of the right angle trapezoid is equal to the parallel short side perpendicular to the height; The angle between the non-orthogonal edge and the height is 10° -20°.
  • the first two-stage air lock discharge device, the second double-stage air lock discharge device, the third double-stage air lock discharge device, the fourth double-stage air lock discharge device, and the fifth double-stage air lock device A conveyor belt is provided on the lower part of the material device.
  • the vibrating screen is divided into two sections, the front vibrating screen is arranged with a square or circular small hole, and the rear section is a vibrating plate, and is used as a second air sorting chamber feeding device.
  • the first comb plate and the second comb plate comprise longitudinal hollow slots
  • the double air chamber multi-functional air sorter for urban domestic garbage further comprises respectively engaging the first comb plate and the second comb plate.
  • the first scraper and the second scraper are respectively engaging the first comb plate and the second comb plate.
  • the overall scheme organically combines the organic bio-based organic fertilizer scheme, the combustible material preparation RDF scheme and the plastic preparation wood-plastic scheme.
  • the magnetically selected magnetic materials can be directly recycled to the steel recycling enterprises. Diversified resource utilization methods can effectively tap the economic value of garbage.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of preparing organic bio-fertilizer by organic matter sorted by mixed garbage according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of preparing RDF for combustible materials sorted by mixed garbage according to the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart of preparing plastic wood prepared by mixing garbage according to the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a two-stage drum screen.
  • Figure 6 is an axial cross-sectional view of the inlet section of the two-stage drum screen.
  • Figure 7 is an axial cross-sectional view of the outlet section of the two-stage drum screen.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a two-stage drum screen bag cutter.
  • Figure 9 is a left side view of Figure 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a dual-please multi-function air sorting machine for urban domestic garbage according to the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the air inlet along the air inlet direction.
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 11 .
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of the comb plate.
  • a method for sorting and comprehensively utilizing municipal mixed garbage comprises the following steps:
  • Urban mixed domestic garbage is sent to a comprehensive treatment plant by a municipal transport vehicle, and the garbage discharge enters the silo through the feed inlet.
  • the silo collects the landfill leachate, and the silo has an automatic discharging function; the garbage enters the broken bag breaking device through the automatic discharging port of the silo.
  • the broken bag-breaking equipment breaks the garbage bag and breaks the large garbage; the garbage after the broken bag enters the two-stage drum screen and sieves the dust with a particle size of less than 3mm, and picks up the long strip and long
  • the strips are mainly fabrics and strips of plastic, and the long strips are subjected to weighted air selection (ie, water spray during wind selection, increasing the weight difference between fabric and plastic).
  • the fabric in the long strips of the two-stage drum screen is Plastics are separated; fabrics are used to prepare Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), plastics are used to prepare plastic wood; dusts with a particle size of less than 3 mm enter the sedimentation tank, and inorganic substances are precipitated for landfill, and organic matter is precipitated. Used to prepare biogas.
  • RDF Refuse Derived Fuel
  • the mixed garbage enters the vibrating screen.
  • the sieve size of the vibrating screen is 10mm; the sieve top is a large piece of plastic and inorganic mass with a diameter larger than 10mm, and the sieve top is separated by the weight air separation machine.
  • Inorganic blocks and large pieces of plastic and paper the inorganic blocks enter the powerful crushing equipment, crushed to less than 3mm into the two-stage drum screen; large pieces of plastic and paper enter the vertical weighting machine for wind selection.
  • the sieve material with particle size less than or equal to 10mm enters the double air chamber multi-function air sorter for air selection.
  • the double air chamber multi-function air sorter can classify the materials into three categories: heavy materials, mainly metal, masonry, Ceramics, glass, heavy materials are taken out from the air sorting machine and then magnetically sorted out by magnetic separation equipment for recycling, and inorganic materials such as ceramic glass are sorted for landfill; light materials, mainly paper and plastic Class, mixed with large pieces of plastic and paper sorted by heavy air sorting machine. Separated plastic and paper by vertical weighting and air sorting machine. Plastic is used for preparing plastic wood after one cleaning and secondary cleaning. Paper is used to prepare RDF. The medium-sized material is mainly a mixture of kitchen waste and is used for fertilizer production.
  • the kitchen organic matter sorted by the double-air chamber multi-functional air sorter directly mixes one or more of chicken manure, pig manure, straw, and rice husk into the aerobic fermentation bin (mixed mixture)
  • the sum of the masses of heavy nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is greater than or equal 4% of the mass of the mixture, after 10-15 days of aerobic fermentation, after the warehouse is released, the static strips are piled up and fermented for 30 days. At this time, the fermentation has matured into a purple-brown color, and then sieved to separate the particles larger than 4 ⁇ .
  • 5mm plastic and inorganic impurities then enter the fertilizer base silo, then add ammonia and water vapor into the granulator to granulate, granulate, then enter the dryer for drying, dry the dryer and place it on the drying belt. Drying, then fine screening, screening out the sieve material with particle size less than 1mm and returning to the fertilizer base silo; then performing coarse screening to screen out the sieve material with particle size greater than 5mm and returning to the fertilizer base silo; After cooling to room temperature by the cooler, the product enters the finished sieve, and the sieved material with a particle size of less than 1 mm is screened and returned to the fertilizer base silo; the remaining finished fertilizer can be packaged.
  • the method for preparing the plastic wood by sorting the mixed plastic comprises the following steps: 1 treating the wood powder fiber broken to 40-80 mesh in a drying apparatus of 15 CTC for 3 hours, so that the wood powder is completely reached. Dehumidification, removal of low molecular volatile substances in wood powder. 2 Washing and crushing the collected waste plastics, drying and dehydrating and granulating to obtain mixed plastic granules with a particle size of 40-60 mesh; 3 In the high-speed mixer of heating jacket, first add wood powder fiber and stir for 5 minutes.
  • the mixed plastic granules and other auxiliaries other than the compatibilizer are added and stirred uniformly, the compatibilizer is added 5 minutes before the discharge, and the mixture is evenly distributed to obtain the plastic wood; after adding the mixed plastic granules and other auxiliaries
  • the total mixing time is 20 to 30 minutes. Since the plastic is in a semi-molten state after being heated in the mixer, it is uniformly mixed with other raw material components and adhered thereto while stirring the rotor. Finally, the pellets in which the wood powder is evenly wrapped on the plastic surface are formed. 4
  • the pellet obtained from the high speed mixer was subjected to granulation treatment. 5 The pellets were extrusion molded using a screw extruder to obtain a sample.
  • the feed section temperature was set to 140 ° C, and the extrusion section temperature was set to 210 ° C.
  • the composition of the wood and its mass percentage are: waste plastics (polyethylene 30% ⁇ 47%, polypropylene 5% ⁇ 8%, polyvinyl chloride 10% ⁇ 15%), wood flour fiber 30% ⁇ 35%, Additives (compatible agent 3% ⁇ 8%, coupling agent 0.3% ⁇ 2.4%, light stabilizer 0.3% ⁇ 0.5%, antioxidant 0.3% ⁇ 0.5%, lubricant 2% ⁇ 4%, colorant 1%) ⁇ 3%, antistatic agent 0.2% ⁇ 0.4%, deodorant sterilization preservative 0.2% ⁇ 0.3%).
  • the stabilizer is bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, the antioxidant is 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol, and the lubricant is polyethylene wax.
  • the colorant is a quinacridone colorant
  • the antistatic agent is octadecyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium nitrate
  • the deodorant bactericidal preservative is a YITERTM deodorant of model SW100.
  • the method for preparing Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) by sorting paper and textile includes the following steps:
  • the prepared fuel based on the combustible components of domestic garbage has a composition and weight distribution ratio of 65.0% to 74.0% of combustible components of domestic garbage, 21.5% to 30% of bituminous coal, 1.0% to 2.5% of calcium oxide, and viscosity.
  • the cake is 2.5% ⁇ 3.5%.
  • the combustible component of domestic garbage is waste paper and waste textile in domestic garbage; the binder is a mixture of industrial corn starch and sodium humate; the industrial corn starch and sodium humate account for the mass percentage of the derivative fuel: Use corn starch 1.5 ⁇ 2.5%, humate 1.0%.
  • the two-stage drum screen used in the present invention comprises a fixed frame 8, a drum screen and a drum screen driving device 4 mounted on the fixed frame 8, and the drum screen comprises mutually connected rollers.
  • a feed opening 2 is installed at the inlet of the drum screen inlet section 1, and
  • a screen bottom material collecting device 7 is provided below the drum screen;
  • a drum screen inlet section 1 and a drum screen outlet section 5 a plurality of screen holes 101 are arranged in the circumferential direction, and a plurality of bag cutters 102 are mounted on the inner wall of the drum screen inlet section 1.
  • the drum screen inlet section 1 is provided with a knife device 103 matched with the bag cutter 102;
  • the outer periphery of the sieve inlet section 1 and the drum screen outlet section 5 is provided with a clearing device 6 for cleaning the sieve hole 101;
  • the outer circumference of the drum screen outlet section 5 is provided with a plurality of long strip picking devices 501, which are installed in the outlet section 5 of the drum screen
  • the angle between the trommel and the horizontal direction is 3° ⁇ 8°.
  • the bag cutter 102 is welded on the steel plate 105, and is mounted on the inner wall circumference of the inlet portion 1 of the trommel in an embedded manner. When disassembling, the steel plate 105 welded with the bag cutter 102 is jacked up by the screw through the screw hole 104, and is pulled from one end. The steel plate 105 is taken out for disassembly.
  • Domestic garbage is transported by the material conveyor to the front section of the two-stage drum screen that reaches a certain speed.
  • the domestic waste entering the drum screen rotates along with the drum screen.
  • the domestic garbage is thrown out by the parabolic trajectory, and falls back to the bottom of the sieve, repeating such a process, so that the domestic garbage reaches a state of continuous rolling in the drum.
  • the dust having a particle diameter smaller than 3 mm of the mesh hole will fall through the sieve hole into the under-screen collecting device, and the material having a diameter larger than the mesh diameter will be discharged from the lower end of the sieve cylinder along the wall of the sieve, thereby Achieve the function of screening.
  • the broken bag knife installed in the front part of the sieve cylinder will be plunged into plastic bags, clothes and other materials, and then squeezed, torn, etc. by other materials, plastic bags, clothes, etc. The material is cut through to break the bag and break the clothes. After the bag is broken, the plastic bag, the clothes, etc., enter the rear section of the two-stage drum screen as the drum screen rotates.
  • a long strip picking device is installed in the circumferential direction of the rear wall of the drum screen, and a long strip collecting and collecting device is installed in the center attachment.
  • a screen cleaning device is installed on the outer wall of the screen cylinder.
  • the clearing device cooperates with the mesh hole. When the mesh hole is turned to the clearing device, the cleaning device cleans the mesh hole, thereby realizing the clearing function.
  • the working process of the two-stage drum screen of the present invention is as follows: First, the municipal solid waste enters the inlet section 1 of the two-stage multi-functional drum screen which reaches a certain speed through the feed port 2. The municipal solid waste entering the inlet section 1 of the drum screen rotates along with the drum screen. When the domestic garbage rotates to a certain height, the domestic garbage is thrown out by the parabolic trajectory, and falls back to the bottom of the screen, repeating such a process to make the domestic garbage It is constantly tumbling in the drum.
  • the dust having a particle diameter smaller than the diameter of the sieve hole of 3 mm passes through the sieve hole 101, falls to the undersize collection device 7, is collected and transported to the sedimentation tank; and the particle diameter is larger than the diameter of the sieve 101.
  • the material is discharged from the exit section 5 of the drum screen and sent to the vibrating screen, thereby realizing the screening function of the materials of different diameters.
  • the bag cutter 102 installed on the circumference of the inner wall of the inlet section 1 of the drum screen will be plunged into plastic bags, fabrics and the like, and then squeezed and torn by other materials.
  • the plastic bag, clothing and other materials are cut to achieve the function of breaking the bag and breaking the fabric.
  • the bag cutter 102 has a quadrangular pyramid shape with one side perpendicular to the bottom surface of the bag cutter. After the bag is broken, the plastic bag, fabric, etc., enters the drum screen outlet section 5 as the drum screen rotates.
  • a long object picking device 501 is installed in the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the drum screen outlet section 5, and a long object collecting and collecting device composed of the hanging chain chains 502, 503, and 504 is also installed inside the drum screen outlet section 5.
  • the hanging needle chain includes a moving member and a fixed member; a plurality of hanging needles are mounted on the moving member, and the fixed member guides the moving member, and the hanging needle carries the long strip to move in the axial direction to the outlet portion of the drum screen.
  • a knife device 103 for cleaning the bag cutter is mounted on the inner wall of the drum screen.
  • the knife removing device 103 is a disk equipped with a doctor blade.
  • the two scrapers cooperate with a bag cutter 102, and the two scrapers are respectively located on both sides of a bag cutter 102, and the scraper and the bag cutter 102 are rotated in opposite directions.
  • the blade on both sides of the bag cutter cleans the plastic waste wrapped around the bag cutter, thereby realizing the knife clearing function.
  • a screen cleaning device 6 is installed on the outer wall of the screen cylinder, and the cleaning device 6 is matched with the screen hole.
  • the cleaning device 6 cleans the sieve holes to realize the clearing function; the cleaning device 6 can select a cleaning device such as a brush.
  • the double air chamber multi-functional air sorting machine used in the present invention the municipal solid waste enters the rotary feed locker 1211 , and the rotary vane and the air sorting machine of the rotary feed locker 1211 .
  • the casing is tightly fitted to prevent the gas in the air separator from running out of the rotary feed locker 1211; the municipal solid waste uniformly falls off the dispersing roller 1210 under the rotation of the rotating blades of the rotary feed locker 1211.
  • the first air chamber air inlet 129 is connected to the upper portion of the first air-selecting chamber 1212, and the air blown in the first air-selecting chamber 1212 by the blower unit 121 is blown off for the first sorting, and the plastic paper is sorted and Heavy material; heavy material is mainly metal, masonry, ceramic, glass and bulk inorganic matter, its weight is large, will not be blown away by the wind, directly fall into the garbage inlet port located in the first air-selection room 1212
  • the first two-stage air lock discharge device 125 (heavy material discharge device) is then outputted through the conveyor belt 124 for magnetic separation; the small inorganic material is blown by the wind to the right side of the first two-stage air lock discharge device 125
  • the vibrating screen 126 is sieved out through the vibrating screen 126 into the second double-stage gas-locking discharge device 123 (small inorganic material discharging device), and then
  • the cyclone 1213 turns on the air outlets of the first air selection chamber 1212 and the second air selection chamber 1218, and the wind after the dust is removed by the cyclone 1213 is sent to the blower unit 121 for recycling.
  • the heavy goods conveying conveyor 124, the small inorganic conveying belt 122, the kitchen garbage conveyor belt 1223, the plastic paper conveying belt 1220, and the plastic paper conveying belt 1217 are sequentially placed in the lower portion of the air sorting machine.
  • the first air chamber air inlet 129 and the second air chamber air inlet 1221 have a right-angled trapezoidal cross section along the air inlet direction and a rectangular shape perpendicular to the air inlet direction; a right angle trapezoidal height H (horizontal side) and a parallel short side perpendicular to the high H A is equal; the angle between the non-orthogonal side and the horizontal side is 10° -20°, preferably 15°; Experimental and numerical simulations show that when the air inlet of the first and second air-selecting chambers is a right-angled trapezoidal section, the exit flow The field is stable and there are no eddies.
  • the air outlet speed of the first air chamber air inlet 129 can be adjusted by the bleed valve 127 and the flow meter 128.
  • the initially separated and broken garbage enters the first air selection chamber 1212 through the rotary feed locker 1211.
  • the feed amount can be effectively controlled.
  • the feeder can effectively avoid air leakage, maintain the micro positive pressure in the air sorter, and keep the flow field in the air sorter stable.
  • the fed garbage is dispersed by the dispersing roller 1210 to avoid agglomeration and effectively improve the accuracy of the wind selection. After the dispersing roller 1210 is broken up, the garbage enters the flow field of the wind selection room.
  • the plastic and paper which are less dense and mostly sheet-like are blown to the tail of the air-selecting chamber, and a part falls to the fifth double-stage air-locking discharge device 1216 and then falls to the conveyor belt 17
  • the upper output is partially scraped off by the squeegee 14 to the fifth double-stage air lock discharge device 1216 (plastic and paper discharge device), and then dropped onto the conveyor belt 17 for output.
  • the intermediate material falls on the right side of the first double-stage gas-locking discharge device 125 on the middle portion of the first air-selecting chamber 1212, and the bulk density is small, and the density of the kitchen waste and the small-sized inorganic
  • the object (such as glass block, ceramic block) is dropped to the front end of the vibrating screen, and the vibrating screen sifts out the small inorganic material into the second two-stage gas-locking discharge device 123 (small inorganic material discharge device), and then Conveyor belt 122 output.
  • the purity of the kitchen waste that sifted out inorganic materials is not high, and some of the plastics with agglomeration and the hard plastic with relatively large density are mixed, and the substances are vibrated and scattered through the rear end vibrating plate of the vibrating screen.
  • the second air-selecting chamber 1218, the second air chamber air inlet 1221 is located below the discharge port of the vibrating screen 126, the wind speed is lower than the first air-selecting chamber 1212, and the kitchen garbage falls to the third double-stage air-locking gas near the air outlet.
  • Material device 1222 (meal The kitchen waste is then discharged onto the conveyor belt 1223, and the impurities including plastic and paper fall into the fourth double-stage air-locking discharge device 1219 (plastic and paper discharge device) far away from the air outlet, and then fall to the conveyor belt 1220 for output and discharge.
  • the device is mixed with the plastic paper selected by the first air-selecting chamber 1212, and is separated into the next-stage workshop.
  • the first air-selecting chamber 1212 and the second air-selecting chamber 1218 are connected to the cyclone 1213 through the air outlet of the pipe 1215, and the dust having a small density and a small particle size is separated, and sent to the corresponding brick-making workshop through the conveyor or Landfill.
  • the exhaust gas flows through the dust collector to the blower unit 121 to form a circulating air, and the entire system is in a fully enclosed state without secondary pollution, and no exhaust gas treatment facility is required.

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Abstract

公开了一种城市混合垃圾分选及综合利用方法，包括以下步骤：1）城市混合垃圾通过进料口进入料仓，出料后进入破碎破袋设备；2）破碎破袋设备将垃圾袋破袋、大块垃圾破碎；3）经破碎破袋之后的垃圾进入两段式滚筒筛筛分，筛分出粒径小于3mm尘土类，同时挑挂出长条物；4）两段式滚筒筛分离出尘土及长条物之后混合垃圾进入振动筛，筛上物通过重物风选机分离出无机块状物、大片塑料和纸；筛下物进入双风室多功能风选机风选出三类：重质物、轻质物和中质物。本发明通过将分选设备有效组合实现混合垃圾高效分选并实现资源化利用；分选之后的纸类和纺织物、塑料类、餐厨有机物分别用于制备垃圾衍生燃料、塑木和肥料。

Description

一种城市混合垃圾分选及综合利用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及城市生活垃圾处理领域， 特别涉及一种城市混合垃圾分选及综合利用方法， 尤其是利用机械方法高效分选出垃圾不同成分， 如有机质、 磁类物质、 塑料、 织物等， 再针 对分选出的不同物质加以不同的资源化利用方式， 实现垃圾处理减量化、 无害化、 资源化。 技术背景
随着国家经济快速发展， 城市生活垃圾产生量急剧增长。 2010 年， 全国城市生活垃圾 清运量达 1. 5亿吨， 垃圾的填埋与堆放占用土地达 80多万亩， 全国 2/3的大中城市陷入垃 圾的包围， 1/4的城市已没有合适的垃圾堆放场所， 新的垃圾场选址和建设都面临困难。 以 西安为例， 平均每天产生约 5600吨垃圾， 仅有江村沟填埋场一处， 这给垃圾处理带来很大 的风险， 新的填埋场规划数年， 一直因为社会阻力而无法建设。 预计， 至 2020年， 全国城 市生活垃圾清运量将达 2. 5亿吨， 垃圾处理问题迫在眉睫。
目前我国垃圾处理主要采用填埋法、堆肥法和焚烧法， 均无法彻底实现生活垃圾无害化 处理及资源化利用。
其一， 填埋法。 填埋法占我国垃圾处理总量的 85%以上。 填埋场极易产生富含 CH4的填 埋气。 广东、 云南等地多处填埋场曾发生爆炸事故。 填埋场还会产生大量垃圾渗滤液， 其中 含有重金属等有毒有害的有机化学污染物以及大量病毒病原菌等， 渗入地下水后， 会造成严 重的地下水污染， 北京永定河河西水源地就因附近垃圾场渗滤液处理不当， 致使该区 10万 人的饮用水安全受到极大威胁。
其二， 焚烧法。 焚烧法约占我国垃圾处理总量的 9%。 焚烧可有效利用垃圾中的热能， 可减量 75%以上, 但是垃圾焚烧的过程中极易产生剧毒性致癌物质 "二噁英"， 并且焚烧产 生的飞灰中含有大量重金属， 属于危险废弃物， 处理不当会造成严重的污染。 而重金属及二 噁英均难以在线监测，且处理手段昂贵，这使得环保投资占到垃圾焚烧电厂总投资 1/3以上， 并且仍然很难确保达标排放。 目前， 广州等地数个垃圾焚烧电厂已在社会公众压力之中被迫 停运。 美国、 日本等发达国家在 2000年后持续关停垃圾焚烧电厂。
其三， 堆肥法。 堆肥法约占我国垃圾处理总量的 4%。 堆肥可实现垃圾的资源化利用， 但是堆肥过程中分类不细不彻底， 塑料、 铁、 玻璃等残留在制肥原料中造成肥料不净， 堆肥 产品失去作为肥料的价值，还会造成土壤污染， 对农作物带来危害。堆肥法达到 70%减量率， 其 30%以上堆肥残余物需要另行处置。
当前， 我国各地政府和环境卫生部门越来越重视生活垃圾的分选与综合利用技术。该技 术将生活垃圾分选与焚烧、 填埋、 堆肥等垃圾资源化利用方式优化整合， 首先针对每种资源 化利用方式分选出垃圾中可资源化利用的物质，然后将分选出的每种物质利用不同的资源化 方式加以利用。
分析国内垃圾分选及综合利用工艺， 目前存在如下问题亟待解决：
其一， 未能针对我国垃圾的特性， 对分选装备及工艺进行优化。 当前我国投入应用的工 艺及设备主要采用农业、 矿业等领域的传统分选技术， 未能针对我国垃圾组分复杂、 含水率 高的特点进行优化设计， 导致垃圾中的纸张、 塑料等有用物质得不到高效分选和回收利用。
其二， 未能实现垃圾分选设备的机械化、 自动化、 系统化运行。 国内多家垃圾综合处理 厂处于停运状态，其充分证明依赖人工分选或是将单个设备简单集成都达不到高效分选的目 的， 应利用不同分选方式的优点， 将各种不同分选设备有机结合组成一套系统化的方案。
其三， 未能根据不同城市生活垃圾的特点而专门设计有针对性的分选方案。生活垃圾成 分非常复杂， 不同城市的生活垃圾差别很大， 针对不同的垃圾成分， 使用同样的垃圾分选设 备可能造成分选设备的分选效率低、 投资质量降低， 而需要重点投资建设的设备未能强化， 非必要的设备投资造成资金浪费。 因此， 一个城市成功的垃圾分选经验， 不一定适合于另一 个城市， 必须针对每一城市生活垃圾特性而设计相应的分选系统， 并对整个系统和各设备的 运行参数进行相应优化。 然而， 绝大多数设计院和分选厂商， 对我国生活垃圾分选难度认识 不足， 对垃圾成分多变性影响、 分选设备和系统的运行参数优化方面研究极少， 使得我国已 建成的生活垃圾分选系统的运营步履艰难 （绝大多数已建成项目处于停运状态）， 设备的实 际运行情况均难以达到设计要求。
其四， 目前对垃圾分选产物的回收利用方法研究不够， 分选产物的经济价值未能得到充 分体现。当前国内已有的垃圾分选技术均未能有效地将分选产物的再利用技术与分选过程有 机结合， 分选、 回收、 再利用的总体经济性不高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种城市混合生活垃圾分选及综合利用方法，以达到城市生活垃 圾分选机械化、 精细化、 高值化。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种城市混合垃圾分选及综合利用方法， 包括以下步骤：
1 ) 城市混合垃圾通过进料口进入料仓， 垃圾经过料仓的出料口进入破碎破袋设备；
2) 破碎破袋设备将垃圾袋破袋、 大块垃圾破碎；
3 ) 经破碎破袋之后的垃圾进入两段式滚筒筛筛分， 筛分出粒径小于 3mm尘土类， 同时 挑挂出长条物，长条物为织物和长条塑料； 尘土类送入沉淀池； 长条物通过加重风选将织物 与塑料类分离； 织物用于制备垃圾衍生燃料， 塑料类用于制备塑木；
4) 两段式滚筒筛分离出尘土及长条物之后混合垃圾进入振动筛， 振动筛的筛网孔径为 10mm; 筛上物为粒径大于 10mm的大片塑料和无机块状物， 筛上物通过重物风选机分离出无 机块状物、 大片塑料和纸， 无机块状物进入破碎设备， 破碎至 3mm以下进入两段式滚筒筛筛 分； 粒径小于或等于 10mm的筛下物， 进入双风室多功能风选机风选， 双风室多功能风选机 将物质分为三类： 重质物， 主要为金属、 砖石、 陶瓷、 玻璃， 重质物从双风室多功能风选机 出来之后再经磁选设备分选出磁类物质进行回收利用， 分选出砖石、 陶瓷、 玻璃进行填埋； 轻质物， 主要为纸类与塑料类， 与重物风选机分选的大片塑料和纸混合后经立式加重风选机 分离出塑料和纸， 塑料经过清洗后用于制备塑木， 纸类用于制备垃圾衍生燃料； 中质物主要 为餐厨垃圾， 用于制肥。
优选的， 餐厨垃圾进行制肥包括以下步骤： 将经双风室多功能风选机分选出的中质物餐 厨垃圾直接混合鸡粪、 猪粪、 秸秆、 稻壳中一种或多种进入好氧发酵仓， 经 10-15天好氧发 酵， 出仓之后静态条垛堆积发酵 30天， 然后进行筛分， 分离出其中粒径大于 4~5mm的塑料 及无机物杂质； 然后进入制肥基料仓， 然后过称并加入氨水和水蒸气进入造粒机造粒， 造粒 后进入干燥机进行干燥， 干燥机干燥后放置于干燥皮带上进一步干燥， 然后进行细筛分， 筛 选出粒径小于 lmm的筛下物返回制肥基料仓； 然后再进行粗筛分， 筛选出粒径大于 5mm的筛 上物返回制肥基料仓； 然后经过冷却机冷却至室温后进入成品筛， 筛选出粒径小于 lmm的筛 下物返回制肥基料仓； 剩下的成品肥料进行包装。
优选的， 塑料制备塑木包括以下步骤： ①将破碎到 40~80目的木粉纤维在 15CTC的干燥 设备内处理 3h; ②将加重风选得到的塑料类和立式加重风选得到的塑料进行混合， 清洗破 碎，干燥脱水后进行造粒得粒径为 40~60目的混合塑料颗粒；③在加热夹套的高速混合机中， 先加入木粉纤维， 搅拌 5分钟， 然后将混合塑料颗粒和除相容剂以外的其他助剂加入并搅拌 均匀， 相容剂在出料前 5分钟加入， 搅拌均匀后出料即得塑木； 该塑木的组份及其质量百分 比为： 聚乙烯 30%~47%， 聚丙烯 5%~8%， 聚氯乙烯 10%~15%， 木粉纤维 30%~35%， 相容 剂 3%~8%，偶联剂 0.3%~2.4%，光稳定剂 0.3%~0.5%，抗氧化剂 0.3%~0.5%，润滑剂 2%~4%， 着色剂 1%~3%， 抗静电剂 0.2%~0.4%， 除臭杀菌防腐剂 0.2%~0.3%； 木粉纤维为杨木、 桃 木、 槐木、 柏木木粉纤维中一种或多种混合物； 相容剂为 HD900E接酯相容剂， 偶联剂为钛 酸酯 JTW-130偶联剂， 光稳定剂为双 (2, 2, 6, 6-四甲基 -4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯， 抗氧化剂为 3- 甲基 -4-异丙基苯酚， 润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡， 着色剂为喹吖啶酮着色剂， 抗静电剂为十八烷基二 甲基羟乙基季铵硝酸盐， 除臭杀菌防腐剂为型号为 SW100的 YITERTM除味剂。
优选的， 所述方法还包括以下步骤： ④对从高速混合机中得到的塑木粒料进行造粒处理 得到塑木粒料； ⑤利用螺旋挤出机将塑木粒料挤出成型， 得到样品； 挤出成型时， 加料段温 度为 140°C， 挤出段温度为 210°C。
优选的， 纸和纺织物制备垃圾衍生燃料包括以下步骤： ①、 将纸类和纺织物混合形成生 活垃圾可燃组分， 然后用回转式干燥机对生活垃圾可燃组分进行干燥， 干燥温度 200°C， 使 含水率降低到 25%; ②、采用剪切式破碎机对生活垃圾可燃组分进行破碎， 保证粉碎后保证 总颗粒个数的 95%尺寸在 20mm以下； ③将烟煤破碎到粒径为 3~5mm， 再将生活垃圾可燃 组分、 煤粉以及氧化钙混合， 搅拌均匀， 并将物料贮存 10分钟； ④加入工业用玉米淀粉和 腐植酸钠的混合物； ⑤成型过程， 采用螺旋挤压式成型机将混合物料挤压成型； ⑥将挤压成 型后的垃圾衍生燃料烘干， 烘干温度 150°C， 使燃料含水率降为 12%; 所述垃圾衍生燃料的 组份和重量百分配比是： 生活垃圾可燃组分 65.0%~74.0%、 烟煤 21.5%~30%、 氧化钙 1.0 ~2.5 工业用玉米淀粉 1.5~2.5%、 腐植酸钠 1.0%。
优选的， 步骤 3) 中尘土类送入沉淀池后沉淀分离出的有机物和无机物， 有机物进行制 备沼气， 无机物进行填埋。
优选的， 所述两段式滚筒筛包括固定机架、安装在固定机架上的滚筒筛和滚筒筛驱动装 置； 滚筒筛包括相互连接的滚筒筛入口段和滚筒筛出口段； 给料口安装于滚筒筛入口段的入 口处， 滚筒筛的下方设有筛下物收集装置； 滚筒筛入口段和滚筒筛出口段的圆周方向上布置 有若干筛孔， 滚筒筛入口段圆周内壁安装有若干破袋刀， 滚筒筛入口段内设有与所述破袋刀 相配合的清刀装置； 滚筒筛入口段和滚筒筛出口段的外周设有清理筛孔的清孔装置； 滚筒筛 出口段圆周内壁安装有若干长条物挑挂装置，在滚筒筛出口段内安装有三排挂针链组成的长 条物收集装置。
优选的， 滚筒筛与水平方向间夹角为 3°~8°。
优选的， 破袋刀的形状为四棱锥形， 其一侧面垂直于破袋刀底面。
优选的， 破袋刀焊接在钢板上， 钢板采用嵌入的方式安装在滚筒筛入口段内壁圆周上。 优选的， 清刀装置固定在圆盘上， 其转动方向与破袋刀的转动方向相反。
优选的， 三排挂针链包括第一挂针链、 第二挂针链和第三挂针链； 第一挂针链、 第二挂 针链和第三挂针链上均设有若干挂针； 第一挂针链和第二挂针链的间距为 0.1D ， 第二挂针 链和第三挂针链的间距分别为 0.12D; 第一挂针链和第二挂针链位于滚筒筛中心一侧， 第三 挂针链位于滚筒筛中心另一侧； 第三挂针链偏离滚筒中心 0.07D, 挂针长度为 0.25D, 其中 D为滚筒筛直径。
优选的， 所述双风室多功能风选机包括壳体， 壳体内设有第一风选室、 第二风选室和振 动筛； 壳体的进料口处设有旋转给料器； 壳体上在旋转给料器的下方设有连通鼓风机组的第 一风室进风口； 第一风选室下部靠近第一风室进风口处设有第一双级锁气出料装置； 第一双 级锁气出料装置的右侧设有振动筛； 振动筛的下部设有第二双级锁气出料装置； 振动筛的右 侧为第二风选室； 振动筛的出料口下方设有连通鼓风机组的第二风室进风口， 第二风选室下 部靠近第二风室进风口处设有第三双级锁气出料装置，第二风选室下部远离第二风室进风口 处设有第四双级锁气出料装置； 第二风选室后部的第四双级锁气出料装置上部设有第二梳 板； 第一风选室远离第一风室进风口的后部设有第一梳板和第五双级锁气出料装置； 第一风 选室和第二风选室的出风口通过管道连接旋风分离器； 旋风分离器通过管道连接鼓风机组。
优选的， 旋转给料器包括旋转进料锁气装置以及位于旋转进料锁气装置下部的打散滚 筒。
优选的， 第一风室进风口和第二风室进风口沿进风方向截面为直角梯形， 垂直于进风方 向的截面为矩形； 直角梯形的高与垂直于高的平行短边等长； 非直角边与高的夹角为 10° -20° 。
优选的， 第一双级锁气出料装置、 第二双级锁气出料装置、 第三双级锁气出料装置、 第 四双级锁气出料装置和第五双级锁气出料装置下均部设有传送带。
优选的， 振动筛分为两段， 前段振动筛布置有方形或圆形小孔， 后段为振动板， 作为第 二风选室给料装置。
优选的， 所述第一梳板和第二梳板含有纵向中空槽， 所述用于城市生活垃圾的双风室多 功能风选机还包括分别与第一梳板、 第二梳板啮合的第一刮板、 第二刮板。
本发明的有益效果是：
① 针对我国生活垃圾含水量大、 组分复杂的特点， 对垃圾破碎、 分选和综合利用设备 进行了结构创新。
② 利用不同分选方式的优点， 将各种不同分选设备有机结合， 无须采用人工分选， 实 现全程机械化。
③ 本方案实现了资源的最大化利用。 整体方案有机结合了有机物制生物有机肥方案、 可燃物制备 RDF方案及塑料制备塑木方案， 除此之外， 磁选出的磁类物质可交给钢铁回收 企业直接回收利用。 多元化的资源化利用方式可有效挖掘垃圾中的经济价值。
附图说明
图 1为本发明的城市混合垃圾分选方法的流程图；
图 2为本发明的混合垃圾分选出的有机物制备生物有机肥的流程图；
图 3为本发明的混合垃圾分选出的可燃物制备 RDF的流程图；
图 4为本发明的混合垃圾分选出的塑料制备塑木的流程图； 图 5是两段式滚筒筛总体结构示意图。
图 6是两段式滚筒筛入口段轴向剖视图。
图 7是两段式滚筒筛出口段轴向剖视图。
图 8是两段式滚筒筛破袋刀结构示意图。
图 9是图 8的左视图。
图 10为本发明中一种用于城市生活垃圾的双风室多功能风选机示意图。
图 11为进风口沿进风方向截面形状示意图。
图 12为沿图 11中 A-A线的剖视图。
图 13为梳板示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。请参阅图 1所示， 本发明一种城市混合垃圾分 选及综合利用方法， 包括以下步骤： 城市混合生活垃圾由市政运输车送入综合处理厂， 垃圾 卸料通过进料口进入料仓， 料仓收集垃圾渗滤液， 料仓具有自动出料功能； 垃圾经过料仓的 自动出料口进入破碎破袋设备。
破碎破袋设备将垃圾袋破袋、大块垃圾破碎； 经破碎破袋之后的垃圾进入两段式滚筒筛 筛分， 筛分出粒径小于 3mm尘土类， 同时挑挂出长条物，长条物主要为织物和长条塑料， 长 条物通过加重风选（即风选时喷水， 增加织物与塑料的重量差异）将两段式滚筒筛挑挂出的 长条物中的织物与塑料类分离； 织物用于制备垃圾衍生燃料 (Refuse Derived Fuel ，简称 RDF) , 塑料类用于制备塑木； 粒径小于 3mm尘土类进入沉淀池， 沉淀出无机物类进行填埋， 沉淀出有机物用于制备沼气。
分离出尘土及长条物之后混合垃圾进入振动筛， 振动筛的筛网孔径为 10mm; 筛上物为 粒径大于 10mm的大片塑料和无机块状物， 筛上物通过重物风选机分离出无机块状物和大片 塑料和纸， 无机块状物进入强力破碎设备， 破碎至 3mm以下进入两段式滚筒筛筛分； 大片塑 料和纸进入立式加重风选机进行风选。 粒径小于或等于 10mm的筛下物， 进入双风室多功能 风选机风选， 双风室多功能风选机可将物质分为三类： 重质物， 主要为金属、 砖石、 陶瓷、 玻璃， 重质物从风选机出来之后再经磁选设备分选出磁类物质进行回收利用， 分选出陶瓷玻 璃等无机物进行填埋； 轻质物， 主要为纸类与塑料类， 与重物风选机分选的大片塑料和纸混 合经立式加重风选机分离出塑料和纸， 塑料经过一次清洗和二次清洗后用于制备塑木， 纸类 用于制备 RDF; 中质物主要为以餐厨垃圾为主的混合物， 用于制肥。
请参阅图 2所示， 经双风室多功能风选机分选出的餐厨有机物直接混合鸡粪、猪粪、 秸 秆、 稻壳中一种或多种进入好氧发酵仓（混合后混合物重的氮、 磷、 钾的质量之和大于或等 于混合物质量的 4% )， 经 10-15天好氧发酵， 出仓之后静态条垛堆积发酵 30天， 此时已经 发酵成熟为紫褐色， 然后进行筛分， 分离出其中粒径大于 4~5mm的塑料及无机物杂质； 然 后进入制肥基料仓， 然后过称加入氨水和水蒸气进入造粒机造粒， 造粒后进入干燥机进行干 燥， 干燥机干燥后放置于干燥皮带上进一步干燥， 然后进行细筛分， 筛选出粒径小于 1mm的 筛下物返回制肥基料仓；然后再进行粗筛分，筛选出粒径大于 5mm的筛上物返回制肥基料仓; 然后经过冷却机冷却至室温后进入成品筛， 筛选出粒径小于 1mm的筛下物返回制肥基料仓； 剩下的成品肥料进行包装即可。
请参阅图 3所述， 经分选的混合塑料用于制备塑木的方法， 包括以下步骤： ①将破碎到 40~80目的木粉纤维在 15CTC的干燥设备内处理 3h， 使木粉完全达到除湿、 除去木粉中低分 子挥发物质的目的。②将收集得到的废旧塑料进行清洗破碎， 干燥脱水并进行造粒得粒径为 40~60目的混合塑料颗粒； ③在加热夹套的高速混合机中， 先加入木粉纤维， 搅拌 5分钟， 然后将混合塑料颗粒和除相容剂以外的其他助剂加入并搅拌均匀，相容剂在出料前 5分钟加 入， 搅拌均匀后出料即得塑木； 加入混合塑料颗粒和其他助剂后的总的混合时间为 20~30分 钟。 由于塑料在混合机中受热后处于半熔融状态， 在转子的搅拌下与其他原料成分混合均匀 并粘附在上面。最终形成了木粉均匀包裹在塑料表面的粒料。④对从高速混合机中得到的粒 料进行造粒处理。 ⑤利用螺旋挤出机将粒料挤出成型， 得到样品。 挤出成型时， 加料段温度 设定为 140°C， 挤出段温度设定为 210°C。 ⑥对样品进行缺口冲击强度悬臂梁冲击强度、 拉 伸强度、 弯曲强度、 断裂伸长率、 吸水率、 握螺钉力、 邵氏硬度等性能检验， 使用的检验标 准均为： GB17657-1999o ⑦根据相关需求进行切割， 并按塑木安装方法， 组装成各种型材。
该塑木的组份及其质量百分比为： 废旧塑料（聚乙烯 30%~47%， 聚丙烯 5%~8%， 聚氯 乙烯 10%~15% )， 木粉纤维 30%~35%， 助剂 （相容剂 3%~8%， 偶联剂 0.3%~2.4%， 光稳定 剂 0.3%~0.5%，抗氧化剂 0.3%~0.5%，润滑剂 2%~4%，着色剂 1%~3%，抗静电剂 0.2%~0.4%， 除臭杀菌防腐剂 0.2%~0.3% )。 木粉纤维为杨木、 桃木、 槐木、 柏木木粉纤维中一种或多种 混合物；相容剂为 HD900E接酯相容剂，偶联剂为钛酸酯 JTW-130偶联剂，光稳定剂为双 (2, 2, 6, 6-四甲基 -4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯， 抗氧化剂为 3-甲基 -4-异丙基苯酚， 润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡， 着色剂为喹吖啶酮着色剂， 抗静电剂为十八烷基二甲基羟乙基季铵硝酸盐， 除臭杀菌防腐剂 为型号为 SW100的 YITERTM除味剂。
请参阅图 4所示， 经分选的纸类和纺织物用于制备垃圾衍生燃料 (Refuse Derived Fuel, 简称 RDF)的方法， 包括以下步骤：
①、将纸类和纺织物混合形成生活垃圾可燃组分， 然后用回转式干燥机对生活垃圾可燃 组分进行干燥， 干燥温度 200°C， 使含水率降低到 25%; ②、 采用剪切式破碎机对生活垃圾 可燃组分进行破碎，保证粉碎后保证总颗粒个数的 95%尺寸在 20mm以下；③将烟煤破碎到 粒径为 3~5mm， 再将生活垃圾可燃组分、 煤粉以及氧化钙混合， 搅拌均匀， 并将物料贮存 10 分钟； ④加入工业用玉米淀粉和腐植酸钠的混合物； ⑤成型过程， 采用螺旋挤压式成型 机将混合物料挤压成尺寸为 15mmX 25mm的圆柱状； ⑥烘干衍生燃料， 烘干温度 150°C， 使燃料含水率约为 12%， 形成基于生活垃圾可燃组分的衍生燃料；⑦垃圾衍生燃料经自然冷 却至室温， 包装后直接出售或送到仓库贮藏。
所制备的基于生活垃圾可燃组分的衍生燃料， 其组份和重量百分配比是： 生活垃圾可燃 组分 65.0%~74.0%、 烟煤 21.5%~30%、 氧化钙 1.0%~2.5%、 粘结剂 2.5%~3.5%。 生活垃圾可 燃组分是生活垃圾中的废纸和废纺织物； 粘结剂是工业用玉米淀粉和腐植酸钠的混合物； 工 业用玉米淀粉和腐植酸钠占衍生燃料的质量百分比分别为： 工业用玉米淀粉 1.5~2.5%、腐植 酸钠 1.0%。
请参阅图 5至图 9所示， 本发明所用的两段式滚筒筛， 包括固定机架 8、 安装在固定机 架 8上的滚筒筛和滚筒筛驱动装置 4; 滚筒筛包括相互连接的滚筒筛入口段 1和滚筒筛出口 段 5; 给料口 2安装于滚筒筛入口段 1的入口处， 滚筒筛的下方设有筛下物收集装置 7; 滚 筒筛入口段 1和滚筒筛出口段 5的圆周方向上布置有若干筛孔 101， 滚筒筛入口段 1圆周内 壁安装有若干破袋刀 102，滚筒筛入口段 1内设有与所述破袋刀 102相配合的清刀装置 103; 滚筒筛入口段 1和滚筒筛出口段 5的外周设有清理筛孔 101的清孔装置 6; 滚筒筛出口段 5 圆周内壁安装有若干长条物挑挂装置 501，在滚筒筛出口段 5内安装有三排挂针链 502、 503、 504组成的长条物收集装置。 滚筒筛与水平方向间夹角 β为 3°~8°。 破袋刀 102焊接在钢板 105上， 采用嵌入的方式安装在滚筒筛入口段 1内壁圆周上， 拆卸时利用螺杆经螺纹孔 104 将焊有破袋刀 102的钢板 105顶起， 并从一端将钢板 105抽出进行拆卸。
生活垃圾经物料输送机输送到达到一定转速的两段式滚筒筛的前段。进入滚筒筛内的生 活垃圾跟随滚筒筛一起转动。 当生活垃圾转动达到一定高度时， 生活垃圾以抛物线的运动轨 迹被抛出， 落回到筛底， 重复这样的过程， 使生活垃圾在滚筒内达到不断翻滚的状态。 在不 断翻滚的过程中， 粒径小于筛孔直径 3mm的尘土类将经过筛孔下落到筛下收集装置当中， 粒 径大于筛孔直径的物料则沿着筒壁从筛筒下端出口排出， 从而实现筛分的功能。在生活垃圾 被抛起下落到滚筒筛底时， 筛筒前段安装的破袋刀将扎进塑料袋、衣物等物料中， 再通过其 他物料的挤压、 撕扯等作用， 将塑料袋、 衣物等物料划破， 从而实现破袋、 破衣物的功能。 经破袋后的塑料袋、 衣物等， 随着滚筒筛的转动进入到两段式滚筒筛的后段。 在滚筒筛的后 段筒壁圆周方向上安装有长条物挑挂装置， 在中心附件安装有长条物收集收集装置。破袋后 的塑料袋和织物在随滚筒筛转动的过程当中， 将被长条物挑挂装置挑起， 达到一定高度后滑 落， 下落到长条物收集装置上， 输送到滚筒外， 从而实现了破袋与长条物的收集功能。 为了 防止筛孔被含水量较高的生活垃圾堵塞， 在筛筒的外壁安装有筛孔清理装置。清孔装置与筛 孔配合， 当筛孔转到清孔装置时， 清孔装置对筛孔进行清理， 从而现实清孔功能。
本发明两段式滚筒筛的工作流程如下： 首先， 城市生活垃圾经给料口 2进入达到一定转 速的两段式多功能滚筒筛入口段 1。 进入滚筒筛入口段 1的城市生活垃圾跟随滚筒筛一起转 动， 当生活垃圾转动达到一定高度时， 生活垃圾以抛物线的运动轨迹被抛出， 落回到筛底， 重复这样的过程， 使生活垃圾在滚筒内处于不断翻滚的状态。在不断翻滚的过程中， 粒径小 于筛孔直径 3mm的尘土类穿过筛孔 101， 下落到筛下物收集装置 7中， 被收集运走送往沉 淀池； 粒径大于筛孔 101直径的物料则从滚筒筛出口段 5排出送入振动筛， 从而现实不同径 粒的物料的筛分功能。在生活垃圾被抛起下落到滚筒筛底时， 滚筒筛入口段 1内壁圆周上安 装的破袋刀 102将扎进塑料袋、 织物等物料中， 再通过其他物料的挤压、 撕扯等作用， 将塑 料袋、 衣物等物料划破， 从而实现破袋、 破织物的功能。 破袋刀 102的形状为四棱锥形， 其 一侧面垂直于破袋刀底面。 经破袋后的塑料袋、 织物等， 随着滚筒筛的转动进入到滚筒筛出 口段 5。 在滚筒筛出口段 5内壁圆周方向上安装有长条物挑挂装置 501， 在滚筒筛出口段 5 内部还安装有由挂针链 502、 503、 504组成的长条物收集收集装置。挂针链包括动件和定件; 动件上安装有若干挂针， 定件对动件进行导向， 挂针携带长条物沿轴向运动至滚筒筛出口段 夕卜。 破袋后的塑料袋和织物在随滚筒筛转动的过程中， 将被长条物挑挂装置 501挑起， 达到 一定高度后滑落到长条物收集装置上， 由于长条物收集装置为具有限定宽度的挂针， 因此只 有较软的长条类物质挂在长条物收集装置上。 挂在长条物收集装置上的塑料被输送到滚筒 夕卜， 从而实现了长条物的收集输送功能。为了防止破袋刀 102在破袋的过程中被塑料类物质 缠绕， 在滚筒筛内壁安装有用于清理破袋刀的清刀装置 103。 清刀装置 103为装有刮刀的圆 盘。 清刀装置 103上， 两把刮刀与一把破袋刀 102配合， 两把刮刀分别位于一把破袋刀 102 的两侧， 刮刀与破袋刀 102的转动方向相反。 当破袋刀 102转动到清刀装置 103刮刀的位置 时， 破袋刀两侧的刮刀就将缠绕在破袋刀上的塑料类垃圾清理下来， 从而实现清刀功能。 为 了防止筛孔 101被含水量较高的生活垃圾堵塞， 在筛筒的外壁安装有筛孔清理装置 6， 清孔 装置 6与筛孔配合， 当筛孔转动到清孔装置 6时， 清孔装置 6对筛孔进行清理， 从而现实清 孔功能； 清孔装置 6可以选择毛刷一类清孔装置。
请参阅图 10至图 13所示， 为本发明所用的双风室多功能风选机， 城市生活垃圾进入旋 转进料锁气器 1211， 旋转进料锁气器 1211的旋转叶片与风选机的壳体密闭配合， 防止风选 机中的气体从旋转进料锁气器 1211中跑出；城市生活垃圾在旋转进料锁气器 1211的旋转叶 片的转动下均匀掉下经打散滚筒 1210打散； 进入第一风选室 1212， 鼓风机组 121通过管道 连通第一风选室 1212上部的第一风室进风口 129， 垃圾在第一风选室 1212被鼓风机组 121 所吹进的风吹散进行第一次分选， 分选出塑料纸类以及重质物； 重质物主要为金属、 砖石、 陶瓷、 玻璃及大块无机物， 其重量较大， 不会被风吹远， 直接掉入位于第一风选室 1212的 垃圾进入口下方的第一双级锁气出料装置 125 (重质物出料装置）， 然后经传送带 124输出 进行磁选； 小块无机物被风吹落至第一双级锁气出料装置 125右侧的振动筛 126上， 经振动 筛 126筛出掉入第二双级锁气出料装置 123 (小块无机物出料装置） 中， 然后经传送带 122 输出； 其余物质进入第二风选室 1218， 经除杂分离出餐厨有机质垃圾。 旋风除尘器 1213接 通第一风选室 1212及第二风选室 1218出风口， 经旋风除尘器 1213除去尘土后的风送入鼓 风机组 121， 实现循环利用。 重质物输送传送带 124， 小块无机物传送带 122， 餐厨垃圾传 送带 1223， 塑料纸类传送带 1220， 塑料纸类传送带 1217依次置于风选机下部。 第一风室进 风口 129和第二风室进风口 1221沿进风方向截面为直角梯形截面，垂直于进风方向为矩形； 直角梯形高 H (水平边）与垂直于高 H的平行短边 A等长；非直角边与水平边的角度为 10° -20° ， 优选为 15° ； 实验及数值模拟表明， 第一、第二风选室的进风口为直角梯形截面时， 出口处流场稳定且没有漩涡。通过放风阀 127和流量计 128可以调节第一风室进风口 129的 出风速度。
采用此结构， 其工作原理及实施方式： 经过初步分离及破碎的垃圾通过旋转进料锁气器 1211进入第一风选室 1212。通过控制旋转进料锁气器 1211转速可以有效控制进料量， 同时 采用此进料器可以有效避免漏风， 维持风选机内微正压， 保持风选机内流场稳定。 进料的垃 圾经打散滚筒 1210打散， 避免结团， 有效提高风选精度。 经打散滚筒 1210打散之后， 垃圾 进入风选室流场。 在风力的作用下， 各类物质产生不同的横向位移， 较重的大块类无机物垃 圾基本上不发生偏转而下落至第一双级锁气出料装置 125， 重质物输出之后， 可进入磁选车 间磁选选出金属类物质。 同时， 在第一风选室 1212， 密度较小， 多为片状的塑料及纸类被 吹至风选室尾部， 一部分掉落至第五双级锁气出料装置 1216后落至传送带 17上输出， 一部 分由刮板 14刮下掉落至第五双级锁气出料装置 1216 (塑料及纸类出料装置）后落至传送带 17上输出。 大部分中间物质落在第一双级锁气出料装置 125右侧位于第一风选室 1212中间 部分振动筛 126上， 大块的密度较小餐厨垃圾以及小块的密度较大的无机物（如玻璃块、 陶 瓷块） 掉落至振动筛前端， 振动筛将小块无机物筛出掉入第二双级锁气出料装置 123 (小块 无机物出料装置） 中， 然后经传送带 122输出。 在实际运行过程中， 筛出无机物的餐厨垃圾 纯度不高， 其中混有部分结团的塑料、密度比较大的硬质塑料， 这类物质经振动筛后端振动 板振动疏散开，进入第二风选室 1218，第二风室进风口 1221位于振动筛 126的出料口下方， 其风速小于第一风选室 1212， 餐厨垃圾落至靠近风口处的第三双级锁气出料装置 1222 (餐 厨垃圾） 后落至传送带 1223上输出， 包含塑料及纸类的杂质落入远离风口的第四双级锁气 出料装置 1219 (塑料及纸类出料装置） 后落至传送带 1220输出出料装置， 并与第一风选室 1212风选出的塑料纸类相混合，进入下一级车间分离。第一风选室 1212以及第二风选室 1218 通过管道 1215出风口连接旋风除尘器 1213， 将密度以及粒径都很小的尘土类分离出来， 经 输送机送入相应的制砖车间或者进行填埋。废气流经除尘器去向鼓风机组 121，形成循环风， 整个系统处于全封闭状态， 无二次污染， 无须废气处理设施。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种城市混合垃圾分选及综合利用方法， 其特征在于， 包括以下步骤：
1 ) 城市混合垃圾通过进料口进入料仓， 垃圾经过料仓的出料口进入破碎破袋设备；
2) 破碎破袋设备将垃圾袋破袋、 大块垃圾破碎；
3 ) 经破碎破袋之后的垃圾进入两段式滚筒筛筛分， 筛分出粒径小于 3mm尘土类， 同时 挑挂出长条物，长条物为织物和长条塑料； 尘土类送入沉淀池； 长条物通过加重风选将织物 与塑料类分离； 织物用于制备垃圾衍生燃料， 塑料类用于制备塑木；
4) 两段式滚筒筛分离出尘土及长条物之后混合垃圾进入振动筛， 振动筛的筛网孔径为 10mm; 筛上物为粒径大于 10mm的大片塑料和无机块状物， 筛上物通过重物风选机分离出无 机块状物、 大片塑料和纸， 无机块状物进入破碎设备， 破碎至 3mm以下进入两段式滚筒筛筛 分； 粒径小于或等于 10mm的筛下物， 进入双风室多功能风选机风选， 双风室多功能风选机 将物质分为三类： 重质物， 主要为金属、 砖石、 陶瓷、 玻璃， 重质物从双风室多功能风选机 出来之后再经磁选设备分选出磁类物质进行回收利用， 分选出砖石、 陶瓷、 玻璃进行填埋； 轻质物， 主要为纸类与塑料类， 与重物风选机分选的大片塑料和纸混合后经立式加重风选机 分离出塑料和纸， 塑料经过清洗后用于制备塑木， 纸类用于制备垃圾衍生燃料； 中质物主要 为餐厨垃圾， 用于制肥。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 餐厨垃圾进行制肥包括以下步骤： 将经 双风室多功能风选机分选出的中质物餐厨垃圾直接混合鸡粪、 猪粪、秸秆、 稻壳中一种或多 种进入好氧发酵仓， 经 10-15天好氧发酵， 出仓之后静态条垛堆积发酵 30天， 然后进行筛 分， 分离出其中粒径大于 4~5mm的塑料及无机物杂质； 然后进入制肥基料仓， 然后过称并 加入氨水和水蒸气进入造粒机造粒， 造粒后进入干燥机进行干燥， 干燥机干燥后放置于干燥 皮带上进一步干燥， 然后进行细筛分， 筛选出粒径小于 lmm的筛下物返回制肥基料仓； 然后 再进行粗筛分， 筛选出粒径大于 5mm的筛上物返回制肥基料仓； 然后经过冷却机冷却至室温 后进入成品筛， 筛选出粒径小于 lmm的筛下物返回制肥基料仓； 剩下的成品肥料进行包装。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 塑料制备塑木包括以下步骤： ①将破碎 到 40~80目的木粉纤维在 150°C的干燥设备内处理 3h;②将加重风选得到的塑料类和立式加 重风选得到的塑料进行混合， 清洗破碎， 干燥脱水后进行造粒得粒径为 40~60目的混合塑料 颗粒； ③在加热夹套的高速混合机中， 先加入木粉纤维， 搅拌 5分钟， 然后将混合塑料颗粒 和除相容剂以外的其他助剂加入并搅拌均匀， 相容剂在出料前 5分钟加入， 搅拌均匀后出料 即得塑木； 该塑木的组份及其质量百分比为： 聚乙烯 30%~47%， 聚丙烯 5%~8%， 聚氯乙烯 10 ~15 ,木粉纤维 30%~35%，相容剂 3%~8%，偶联剂 0.3%~2.4%，光稳定剂 0.3%~0.5%， 抗氧化剂 0.3%~0.5%， 润滑剂 2%~4%， 着色剂 1%~3%， 抗静电剂 0.2%~0.4%， 除臭杀菌防 腐齐 U 0.2%~0.3% ; 木粉纤维为杨木、 桃木、 槐木、 柏木木粉纤维中一种或多种混合物； 相容 剂为 HD900E接酯相容剂， 偶联剂为钛酸酯 JTW-130偶联剂， 光稳定剂为双 (2, 2, 6, 6-四甲 基 -4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯， 抗氧化剂为 3-甲基 -4-异丙基苯酚， 润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡， 着色剂为喹 吖啶酮着色剂， 抗静电剂为十八烷基二甲基羟乙基季铵硝酸盐， 除臭杀菌防腐剂为型号为 SW100的 YITERTM除味剂。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述方法还包括以下步骤： ④对从高速 混合机中得到的塑木粒料进行造粒处理得到塑木粒料；⑤利用螺旋挤出机将塑木粒料挤出成 型， 得到样品； 挤出成型时， 加料段温度为 140°C， 挤出段温度为 210°C。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 纸和纺织物制备垃圾衍生燃料包括以下 步骤： ①、将纸类和纺织物混合形成生活垃圾可燃组分， 然后用回转式干燥机对生活垃圾可 燃组分进行干燥， 干燥温度 200°C， 使含水率降低到 25% ; ②、 采用剪切式破碎机对生活垃 圾可燃组分进行破碎，保证粉碎后保证总颗粒个数的 95%尺寸在 20mm以下；③将烟煤破碎 到粒径为 3~5mm， 再将生活垃圾可燃组分、 煤粉以及氧化钙混合， 搅拌均匀， 并将物料贮 存 10分钟； ④加入工业用玉米淀粉和腐植酸钠的混合物； ⑤成型过程， 采用螺旋挤压式成 型机将混合物料挤压成型； ⑥将挤压成型后的垃圾衍生燃料烘干， 烘干温度 150°C， 使燃料 含水率降为 12% ; 所述垃圾衍生燃料的组份和重量百分配比是： 生活垃圾可燃组分 65.0 ~74.0 烟煤 21.5%~30%、 氧化钙 1.0%~2.5%、 工业用玉米淀粉 1.5~2.5%、 腐植酸钠
1.0%。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 步骤 3) 中尘土类送入沉淀池后沉淀分 离出的有机物和无机物， 有机物进行制备沼气， 无机物进行填埋。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述两段式滚筒筛包括固定机架、 安装 在固定机架上的滚筒筛和滚筒筛驱动装置 （4); 滚筒筛包括相互连接的滚筒筛入口段 （1 ) 和滚筒筛出口段 （5); 给料口 （2) 安装于滚筒筛入口段 （1 ) 的入口处， 滚筒筛的下方设有 筛下物收集装置 （7); 滚筒筛入口段（1 )和滚筒筛出口段（5) 的圆周方向上布置有若干筛 孔 （101 )， 滚筒筛入口段 （1 ) 圆周内壁安装有若干破袋刀 （102)， 滚筒筛入口段 （1 ) 内设 有与所述破袋刀 （102)相配合的清刀装置 （103); 滚筒筛入口段 （1 )和滚筒筛出口段（5) 的外周设有清理筛孔 （101 ) 的清孔装置 （6); 滚筒筛出口段（5) 圆周内壁安装有若干长条 物挑挂装置 （501 )， 在滚筒筛出口段 （5) 内安装有三排挂针链 （502、 503、 504) 组成的长 条物收集装置。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述双风室多功能风选机包括壳体， 壳 体内设有第一风选室、 第二风选室和振动筛； 壳体的进料口处设有旋转给料器； 壳体上在旋 转给料器的下方设有连通鼓风机组的第一风室进风口；第一风选室下部靠近第一风室进风口 处设有第一双级锁气出料装置； 第一双级锁气出料装置的右侧设有振动筛； 振动筛的下部设 有第二双级锁气出料装置； 振动筛的右侧为第二风选室； 振动筛的出料口下方设有连通鼓风 机组的第二风室进风口， 第二风选室下部靠近第二风室进风口处设有第三双级锁气出料装 置， 第二风选室下部远离第二风室进风口处设有第四双级锁气出料装置； 第二风选室后部的 第四双级锁气出料装置上部设有第二梳板；第一风选室远离第一风室进风口的后部设有第一 梳板和第五双级锁气出料装置； 第一风选室和第二风选室的出风口通过管道连接旋风分离 器； 旋风分离器通过管道连接鼓风机组。
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