WO2013153789A1 - 燃料電池システム及びその運転方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及びその運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013153789A1 WO2013153789A1 PCT/JP2013/002345 JP2013002345W WO2013153789A1 WO 2013153789 A1 WO2013153789 A1 WO 2013153789A1 JP 2013002345 W JP2013002345 W JP 2013002345W WO 2013153789 A1 WO2013153789 A1 WO 2013153789A1
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- fuel cell
- temperature
- air
- air supply
- cell system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system that supplies heat and electricity and an operation method thereof.
- the fuel cell system is a power generation system that supplies generated power to consumers and covers the power load.
- a fuel cell power generation system is known in which such a fuel cell system is arranged in a building and the exhaust performance of the fuel cell system is improved (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the fuel cell system disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a fuel cell system that is used by being installed inside a building having an air supply port, and introduces air inside the building into the fuel cell system.
- a vent an air exhaust pipe for discharging the air inside the fuel cell system to the outside of the building, and a ventilation means.
- the ventilation means guides the air outside the building to the inside of the building through the air supply opening, and further air It is introduced into the fuel cell system through the inlet, and further discharged outside the building through the air discharge pipe.
- a fuel cell system including a duct extending in the vertical direction is known for the purpose of improving the exhaust performance of exhaust gas generated in the fuel cell system disposed inside the building (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- the duct extending in the vertical direction inside the building and having the upper end located outside is a double pipe, and exhaust gas or air individually circulates inside or outside the duct.
- the ventilation pipe and the exhaust pipe are connected to the ducts, respectively.
- Patent Document 3 a fuel cell system that prevents the generated water from freezing in the fuel cell is known (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
- heat is exchanged between exhaust air from the fuel cell and supply air, which is outside air supplied to the fuel cell, to heat the supply air and prevent freezing. It is.
- JP 2006-73446 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-210631 JP 2009-238390 A
- the fuel cell system arranged inside the building has an air supply path for introducing air outside the building into the fuel cell system, and an exhaust path for discharging exhaust generated in the fuel cell system to the outside of the building.
- the fuel cell system includes a duct, and an air supply port and an exhaust port of the fuel cell system are respectively connected to an air supply path and an exhaust path of the duct.
- outside air is supplied into the housing for ventilation during operation.
- the inside of the housing is sufficiently heated by the internal heat generated by the operation of the auxiliary machine, and there is no problem regarding the temperature drop inside the housing due to ventilation.
- the inside temperature of the housing transiently decreases due to the outside air for ventilation.
- the outside air is below freezing point, the cooling water of the fuel cell, the water in the exhaust heat recovery path, or the condensed water accumulated in the fuel gas or off-gas piping during the stop freezes and the fluid supply is abnormal. If the fuel cell system is generated or damaged, the fuel cell system may not be started.
- the temperature inside the housing of the fuel cell system may be different from the temperature outside the building, so the temperature inside the housing of the fuel cell system is detected to prevent freezing. Even if this means is operated, there is a case where it is not possible to prevent the freezing of a transient situation that occurs at the time of startup.
- the present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system capable of avoiding freezing due to a decrease in the internal temperature of the casing even when the outside air temperature is low at the start of operation of the fuel cell system. .
- a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell that generates power by reacting a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, at least the fuel cell, and a supply port and an exhaust port. And a supply path configured to introduce outside air outside the casing into the casing, and a connection path connected to the exhaust port, and the supply path A discharge path configured to perform heat exchange, and configured to discharge at least air inside the casing to the outside of the casing; and an air supply device for introducing outside air into the casing through the supply path; A temperature detector that is disposed in at least one of the housing, the supply path, and the discharge path and detects a temperature, and a controller that controls at least the air supply.
- the controller decreases the air supply amount of the air supply device and continues to operate it.
- outside air is introduced into the housing through the supply path when the system is started, and the amount of air supplied to the housing is reduced when the temperature of the introduced outside air is low.
- the fuel cell system can be avoided from freezing.
- the supply path and the discharge path are configured to perform heat exchange, the temperature of the outside air introduced into the casing rises due to the air discharged to the outside of the casing through the discharge path.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a fuel cell system that can avoid freezing due to a decrease in the internal temperature of the casing even when the outside air temperature is low at the start of operation of the fuel cell system.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of the fuel cell system which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- 3 is a flowchart schematically showing the operation of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1.
- 6 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation of a fuel cell system according to a modification of the first embodiment. 6 is a graph schematically showing temporal changes in temperature within a housing in a fuel cell system according to a modification of the present embodiment.
- 6 is a flowchart schematically showing the operation of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2. It is a schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of the fuel cell system which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. 6 is a flowchart schematically showing the operation of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3. 6 is a flowchart schematically showing the operation of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 5. 10 is a flowchart schematically showing the operation of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 5.
- a fuel cell system in the first invention, includes a fuel cell that generates power by reacting a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, and a housing that houses at least the fuel cell and includes an air supply port and an exhaust port. And a supply path that is connected to the air supply port and introduces outside air outside the casing into the casing, and is connected to the exhaust port and is configured to exchange heat with the supply path.
- a discharge path configured to discharge at least the air in the casing to the outside of the casing, an air supply device for introducing outside air into the casing through the supply path, the inside of the casing, the supply path, And a temperature detector that is disposed in at least one of the discharge paths and detects temperature, and a controller that controls at least the air supply, the controller operating the air supply After the temperature detector If knowledge to detect the temperature equal to or lower than the first predetermined temperature, is intended to operate and continue to reduce the air supply amount of the air supply.
- the supply path (pipe) is preferably a double pipe structure formed outside the discharge path (pipe) and having a common center.
- the supply path is preferably a double pipe structure formed outside the discharge path (pipe) and having a common center.
- the contact area of both paths becomes large, more efficient heat exchange can be performed.
- the outside air is 0 degrees, there is a possibility of freezing, so it is necessary to reduce the output of the air supply.
- the outside air of 0 degrees introduced into the housing is warmed in the supply path and enters the housing. It can be raised to a temperature (for example, 2 to 3 degrees) at which it is not necessary to perform freeze prevention control until it comes.
- the temperature detector is disposed in the casing, and the controller operates the air supply unit so that outside air is supplied via the supply path.
- the air supply amount of the air supply device is reduced and the operation is continued.
- the temperature detector since the temperature detector is disposed in the casing, the temperature of the outside air introduced into the casing can be reliably detected.
- the fuel cell system according to the first or second invention, wherein the controller detects the temperature detected by the temperature detector after operating the air supply device for a first predetermined time. When the temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, the air supply amount of the air supply unit is decreased and the operation is continued.
- the first predetermined time is a time required from the start of the fuel cell system until the temperature detected by the temperature detector becomes constant, and may be determined in advance by simulation or experiment.
- the controller detects the temperature detected by the temperature detector after the second predetermined time has elapsed after operating the air supply device.
- the air supply amount of the air supply device is decreased and continuously operated when the temperature is within the temperature range and below the first predetermined temperature.
- the outside air introduced into the housing is sufficiently warmed by heat exchange and the temperature of the outside air is stabilized, so that the effect of suppressing freezing is enhanced.
- the fuel cell system according to any one of the first to fourth inventions, a reformer that reforms a raw material to generate a fuel gas and supplies the fuel gas to the fuel cell;
- a combustor that heats the reformer by combusting gas, and the air supplier supplies a ventilator that ventilates the air in the housing and air that is an oxidant gas to the fuel cell. It is an apparatus of at least one of an oxidant gas supply device and a combustion air supply device that supplies combustion air to the combustor.
- the fuel cell system according to the fifth aspect, wherein the air supply unit is a ventilator for ventilating the air in the housing, and a combustion air supply unit for supplying combustion air to the combustor.
- the exhaust path is in communication with the combustor so as to exhaust the combustion exhaust gas of the combustor, and the controller detects the temperature detector after operating the air supply unit When the temperature is equal to or lower than a second predetermined temperature lower than the first predetermined temperature, the operation of the ventilator is stopped, the combustion air supply device is operated, and the combustion of the combustor is executed.
- the combustion air supply device when the temperature of the introduced outside air is even lower, the combustion air supply device is operated and combustion of the combustor is performed, so that the heat exchange between the discharge route and the supply route is performed by the combustion exhaust gas.
- the outside air introduced into the housing is warmed.
- the ventilator since the ventilator only exhausts the air in the housing, the temperature of the air exhausted from the exhaust path by the ventilator is low. Therefore, the combustion exhaust gas from the combustion air supply device has a higher freezing suppression effect of the combustion cell system than the exhaust gas from the ventilator. This effect is particularly noticeable when the air volume of the ventilator is larger than the air volume of the combustion air supply device. Therefore, a configuration in which the air volume of the ventilator is larger than the air volume of the combustion air supply device is desirable.
- the fuel cell system according to any one of the first to sixth inventions, a cooling water path for circulating cooling water that absorbs heat generated when the fuel cell generates power, and A heat recovery path for circulating heat recovery water that exchanges heat with an off-fuel gas that is a fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell and an off-oxidant gas that is an oxidant gas discharged from the fuel cell;
- the controller further includes at least one path and a water circulator disposed in the at least one path, and the controller detects the detected temperature detected by the temperature detector after operating the air supply unit. When the temperature is equal to or lower than the third predetermined temperature lower than the first predetermined temperature, the water circulation amount of the water circulator is increased as compared with the case where the temperature is higher than the third predetermined temperature.
- water is circulated through the water path by the water circulator when the system is started. Thereafter, when the temperature of the introduced outside air is lower, the amount of water is increased, so that the temperature of the water path is uniform. Become. Thereby, partial freezing of a water course or transient freezing can be controlled.
- the fuel cell system according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, further includes a heater disposed in the casing, and the controller operates the air supply unit.
- the controller operates the air supply unit.
- the heater since the heater is arranged in the casing, freezing in the casing can be suppressed by the heat of the heater when the temperature of the introduced outside air is lower.
- the fuel cell system according to any one of the first to eighth inventions, wherein the controller detects the temperature detected by the temperature detector after operating the air supply device. When the temperature is equal to or lower than a fifth predetermined temperature lower than the predetermined temperature, the start of the fuel cell system is prohibited or the operation is stopped.
- a method for operating a fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell that generates power by reacting a fuel gas and an oxidant gas; and at least the fuel cell is housed, and an air supply port and an exhaust port are formed. And a supply path configured to introduce outside air outside the casing into the casing, and to connect to the exhaust port so as to exchange heat with the supply path.
- a fuel cell comprising: a discharge path configured to discharge at least air inside the casing to the outside of the casing; and an air supplier for introducing outside air into the casing via the supply path
- a method of operating a system wherein after operating the air supply unit, it is determined whether or not a temperature of at least one of the inside of the housing, the supply path, and the discharge path is equal to or lower than a first predetermined temperature. Step and said temperature is When it was the predetermined temperature or less, and step of the allowed and continues operation reduces the air supply amount of the air supply, but with a.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 100 As shown in FIG. 1, the fuel cell system 100 according to the first embodiment is arranged inside a building 200.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes a fuel cell 12, a fuel gas supply device 13, an oxidant gas supply device 14, an air supply device 15, a temperature detector 20, and a controller 21 in the housing 11.
- the air supply port 16 and the exhaust port 17 are provided on the side surface or the upper surface of the housing 11 so as to penetrate the housing 11.
- the air supply port 16 and the exhaust port 17 are formed on the upper surface of the housing 11.
- the exhaust port 17 opens in a circular shape
- the air supply port 16 opens in an annular shape outside the exhaust port 17.
- a supply path 18 for introducing outside air into the casing 11 from the outside of the building 200 is connected to the casing 11.
- the supply path 18 has an upstream end (opening) opened to the atmosphere outside the building, and a downstream end (opening) connected to the air supply port 16.
- a discharge path 19 for discharging the gas (mainly air and combustion gas) in the case 11 to the outside of the case 11 is connected to the case 11.
- the discharge path 19 has an upstream end (opening) connected to the exhaust port 17 and a downstream end (opening) open to the outside of the building 200.
- the supply path 18 and the discharge path 19 are configured to perform heat exchange. Specifically, the gas flowing through the supply path 18 and the gas flowing through the discharge path 19 are configured to perform heat exchange.
- the heat exchange mechanism is realized by a double tube structure in which the supply path 18 (pipe) is formed outside the discharge path 19 (pipe) and has a common center.
- the contact area of both paths is large, heat exchange can be performed more efficiently.
- the outside air is 0 degrees, there is a possibility of freezing, so it is necessary to reduce the output of the air supply.
- the outside air of 0 degrees introduced into the housing is warmed in the supply path and enters the housing. It can be raised to a temperature (for example, 2 to 3 degrees) at which it is not necessary to perform freeze prevention control until it comes.
- the supply path may have any configuration as long as outside air outside the casing can be introduced into the casing.
- the supply path is directly fixed to the inlet of the casing
- the supply path is When the air supply port formed in the housing passes through and the end of the supply path is open in the housing, the supply route passes through the air supply port formed in the housing, and the end of the supply path is In the case where there is an oxidant gas supply device or a combustor that sends air to the fuel cell, a case where it is directly connected to a combustion air supply device that sends air to the combustor is included.
- the discharge path may have any configuration as long as the gas and air in the casing can be discharged out of the casing.
- the discharge path is directly fixed to an exhaust port formed in the casing. If the discharge path passes through the exhaust port, and the end of the discharge path is open in the housing, or if the discharge path passes through the exhaust port formed in the housing, Also includes cases where the end is directly connected to an off-fuel gas path for discharging off-fuel gas from the fuel cell, an off-oxidant gas path for discharging off-oxidant gas, a combustion exhaust path for discharging combustion exhaust gas from the combustor, etc. It is.
- the double pipe structure in which the discharge path 19 is inside the supply path 18 is used.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the single pipe of the discharge path 19 and the supply path 18 is separately arranged. It is also good.
- the fuel gas supply unit 13 may have any configuration as long as it can supply the fuel gas (hydrogen gas) to the fuel cell 12 while adjusting the flow rate thereof, for example, a hydrogen generator, a hydrogen cylinder, You may be comprised by the apparatus which supplies hydrogen storage alloy etc. and hydrogen gas from a supply pump.
- the fuel gas supplier 13 is connected to the fuel cell 12 via a fuel gas supply path 23.
- the fuel gas supply device 13 includes a hydrogen cylinder and a fuel gas supply pump.
- the oxidant gas supply unit 14 may have any configuration as long as the oxidant gas (for example, air) can be supplied to the fuel cell 12 while adjusting the flow rate thereof, for example, a blower or a diaphragm type You may comprise with a pump etc.
- the oxidant gas supply unit 14 is connected to the fuel cell 12 via an oxidant gas supply path 24.
- the fuel cell 12 has an anode and a cathode.
- the fuel gas supplied to the anode and the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode react to generate electricity and heat.
- the fuel cell 12 can use various fuel cells such as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell and a solid oxide fuel cell. Furthermore, since the structure of the fuel cell 12 is the same as that of a general fuel cell, its detailed description is omitted.
- the electricity generated in the fuel cell 12 is supplied to an external load (for example, home electrical equipment) by a power regulator (for example, an inverter) not shown.
- a power regulator for example, an inverter
- Off-fuel gas which is fuel gas that has not been consumed by power generation of the fuel cell 12
- Discharge of off-fuel gas is performed via an off-fuel gas passage 25 having an upstream end connected to the fuel cell 12 and a downstream end connected to the exhaust port 17.
- the off-oxidant gas which is an oxidant gas that has not been consumed in the power generation of the fuel cell 12, is discharged through the off-oxidant gas passage 26 having the upstream end connected to the fuel cell 12 and the downstream end connected to the exhaust port 17. Is called.
- Both the off-fuel gas and the off-oxidant gas are discharged from the exhaust port 17 to the outside of the building 200 through the discharge path 19.
- the air supply unit 15 introduces air from outside the building 200 into the housing 11 to ventilate the inside of the housing 11. As long as the ventilation air volume can be adjusted, any configuration may be used.
- a ventilation fan (motor fan) is used. Exhaust by the ventilation fan 15 is performed via a ventilation path 30 in which the downstream end of the ventilation fan 15 is connected to the exhaust port 17.
- off-fuel gas, off-oxidant gas, and ventilation air gather and are discharged to the outside of the building 200.
- the temperature detector 20 detects the temperature of air introduced into the housing 11 from the air supply port 16 through the supply path 18. In the first embodiment, it is arranged in the housing 11. Thereby, the temperature of the outside air introduced into the housing can be reliably detected. In addition, arrangement
- the temperature detector 20 may be configured with, for example, a thermistor, a thermocouple, or the like. Moreover, since the temperature detector 20 detects the temperature of the air supplied from the building exterior into the housing
- the controller 21 reduces the air supply amount of the air supply unit 15 and continues the operation.
- “continue operation” includes both continuous operation of the air supply unit 15 and intermittent operation of the air supply unit 15.
- the controller 21 may be in any form as long as it is a device that controls each device constituting the fuel cell system 100.
- the controller 21 includes an arithmetic processing unit exemplified by a microprocessor, a CPU, and the like, and a storage unit configured by a memory that stores a program for executing each control operation. Then, in the controller 21, the arithmetic processing unit reads out a predetermined control program stored in the storage unit and executes it, thereby processing the information, and the fuel cell system 100 including these controls. Various controls are performed.
- the controller 21 is not limited to a single controller, but may be a controller group in which a plurality of controllers cooperate to execute control of the fuel cell system 100. Absent. Moreover, the controller 21 may be comprised with the microcomputer, and may be comprised by MPU, PLC (Programmable logic controller), a logic circuit, etc.
- the present embodiment relates to the operation of the fuel cell system 100, and particularly relates to the initial operation when starting the fuel cell system 100.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart schematically showing the operation of the fuel cell system 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the controller 21 confirms whether or not an operation command is input to the fuel cell system 100 (step S101).
- an operation command is input to the fuel cell system 100
- a remote controller not shown
- the controller 21 confirms whether or not an operation command is input to the fuel cell system 100.
- Step S101 When the operation command is not input to the fuel cell system 100 (No in Step S101), the controller 21 repeats Step S101 until the operation command is input.
- step S101 When an operation command is input to the fuel cell system 100 in step S101 (Yes in step S101), the process proceeds to step S102.
- step S102 the controller 21 starts the operation of the air supply device (ventilation fan) 15 with the first output, and proceeds to step S103.
- the ventilation fan 15 is first actuated when the supply of the combustible gas is started, and even if a leak of the combustible gas occurs in the housing 11, the combustible gas is diluted in the housing 11. This is because it can be safely discharged from the building 200 to the outside of the building 200.
- step S103 the controller 21 starts temperature detection of air introduced from the outside of the building 200 with the temperature detector 20, and proceeds to step S104.
- step S104 the controller 21 determines whether or not the operating time of the ventilation fan 15 has passed a predetermined time.
- step S104 when the operation time of the ventilation fan 15 has not elapsed (No in step S104), the controller 21 repeats step S104 until the first predetermined time elapses.
- step S104 if the operation time of the ventilation fan 15 has passed the predetermined time (Yes in step S104), the process proceeds to step S105.
- the first predetermined time shown in step S104 is the time required for the air outside the building 200 to pass through the supply path 18 and reach the inside of the housing 11 due to the operation of the ventilation fan 15. This value is determined by the capacity of the supply path 18. Thereby, since the external air introduced into the housing after the system is started is sufficiently warmed by heat exchange, the effect of suppressing freezing is enhanced.
- the first predetermined time is a time required from the start of the fuel cell system until the temperature detected by the temperature detector 20 becomes constant, and may be determined in advance by simulation or experiment. In the first embodiment, the predetermined time is used, but a predetermined amount may be used.
- step S105 the controller 21 stores the temperature detected by the temperature detector 20 when a predetermined time has elapsed, and proceeds to step S106.
- step S106 the controller 21 compares the detected temperature stored in step S105 with the second predetermined temperature stored in advance by the controller 21.
- step S106 when the detected temperature is higher than the second predetermined temperature (No in step S106), the controller 21 proceeds to step S108 and operates the ventilation fan 15 with the first output.
- step S106 when the detected temperature is equal to or lower than the second predetermined temperature (Yes in step S106), the process proceeds to step S107, the ventilation fan 15 is changed to a second output smaller than the first output, and is operated. The process proceeds to step S109.
- step S109 the controller 21 uses the temperature detector 20 to detect the temperature inside the housing.
- step S110 the controller 21 stores the detected temperature.
- step S111 the controller 21 compares the stored detected temperature with the first predetermined temperature stored in advance by the controller 21. If the detected temperature is higher than the first predetermined temperature in step S111 (No in step S111), the process proceeds to step S108, the ventilation fan 15 is operated with the first output, and the activation is continued.
- step S111 when the detected temperature is equal to or lower than the first predetermined temperature (Yes in step S111), the process returns to step S107.
- the second output may be, for example, a flow rate that is stored in advance and set from the relationship between the second predetermined temperature and the air supply amount.
- the ventilation fan 15 when the operation is started, the ventilation fan 15 is first operated at the first output for the first predetermined time to reach outside air into the housing 11. Let The temperature detected by the temperature detector 20 is compared with a second predetermined temperature. If the temperature is equal to or lower than the second predetermined temperature, the ventilation fan 15 is changed to a second output smaller than the first output, and the air is supplied. Decrease the amount and continue to operate the ventilation fan 15. Thereby, since the cooling in the housing
- the temperature detected by the temperature detector 20 is compared with the first predetermined temperature, and if it is equal to or higher than the first predetermined temperature, it is determined that freezing does not occur, and the ventilation fan 15 is set to the first temperature. Return to output and continue operation.
- the controller 21 controls the air supply amount of the ventilation fan 15 when the temperature detected by the temperature detector 20 after operating the ventilation fan 15 for a predetermined time is equal to or lower than the first predetermined temperature.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the controller 21 operates the ventilation fan 15 and, after a predetermined time has elapsed, the detected temperature of the temperature detector 20 is a predetermined temperature range.
- the air supply amount of the ventilation fan 15 may be decreased and the operation may be continued.
- a ventilation fan is used as an air supply.
- an oxidant gas supply device may be used as an air supply.
- the oxidant gas supply device which is an air supply device, can introduce outside air from outside the housing, the same effect can be obtained.
- one temperature detector 20 is provided in the housing.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the first temperature detector is provided outside and includes the temperature of the outside air introduced into the housing. Even in a configuration having two temperature detectors for detecting a predetermined temperature, further including at least one of the inside of the housing, the supply path, and the discharging path, and detecting the second predetermined temperature that is the temperature in the housing. Good.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to a modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- a fuel cell system 100 includes a fuel generator 31 that reforms a raw material gas to generate a fuel gas that is supplied to the fuel cell 12, and a raw material gas or A combustor 32 that combusts off-fuel gas and a combustion air supply device 33 that supplies air to the combustor 32 are provided.
- a fuel gas supply device 13 and a water supply device 37 are connected to the fuel generator 31, and the raw material and water vapor are supplied to the fuel generator 31, respectively.
- the raw material natural gas mainly composed of methane, LP gas, or the like can be used.
- the fuel generator 31 has a reforming catalyst.
- the reforming catalyst for example, any substance capable of performing a steam reforming reaction that generates a hydrogen-containing gas from a raw material and steam may be used as the catalyst.
- a nickel-based catalyst in which nickel is supported on the same catalyst carrier can be used.
- a fuel gas containing hydrogen as a main component is generated by a reforming reaction between the supplied raw material and steam.
- the generated fuel gas is supplied to the fuel cell 12.
- the combustor 32 is configured to burn the raw material or off-fuel gas and heat the fuel generator 31 with the combustion heat.
- An off fuel gas passage 25 is connected to the combustor 32, and the off fuel gas passage 25 has an upstream end connected to the fuel cell 12 and a downstream end connected to the combustor 32.
- the combustor 32 is in communication with a combustion air supply device 33 having a smaller air supply output than the ventilation fan 15 (air supply device) via the combustion air passage 35.
- the combustion air passage 35 has an upstream end connected to the combustion air supply device 33 and a downstream end connected to the combustor 32.
- the combustion air supply device 33 may have any configuration as long as it supplies combustion air to the combustor 32.
- the combustion air supply device 33 includes a fan such as a fan or a blower or a diaphragm pump. May be.
- a combustion fan that is a motor fan is used as the combustion air supplier 33.
- the combustor 32 is connected to a combustion exhaust gas passage 34 through which combustion exhaust gas flows.
- the combustion exhaust gas passage 34 has an upstream end connected to the combustor 32 and a downstream end connected to the exhaust port 17.
- a heat exchanger (not shown) is disposed in the combustion exhaust gas passage 34 and is configured to recover the heat of the combustion exhaust gas through the exhaust heat recovery passage (not shown).
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart schematically showing the operation of the fuel cell system 100 according to the first modification.
- step S101 'to step S105' shown in FIG. 4 are the same as those from step S101 to step S105 in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment, description thereof will be omitted and the operation from step S106 'will be described.
- step S106 ' the controller 21 compares the detected temperature stored in step S105' with the second predetermined temperature stored in advance by the controller 21.
- step S106 ′ when the stored detected temperature is higher than the second predetermined temperature (No in step S106 ′), the controller 21 proceeds to step S108 ′ and sets the ventilation fan 15 as the air supply device to the first. And the combustion air supply device 33 is operated, and the start-up is continued.
- step S106 ′ when the detected temperature is equal to or lower than the second predetermined temperature (Yes in step S106 ′), the controller 21 proceeds to step S107 ′, stops the ventilation fan 15, and outputs the output from the ventilation fan 15. The small combustion air supplier 33 is operated, and the process proceeds to the next step.
- step S109 ' the controller 21 uses the temperature detector 20 to detect the temperature inside the housing.
- step S110 ' the controller 21 stores the detected temperature.
- step S111 ' the controller 21 compares the stored detected temperature with the first predetermined temperature stored in advance by the controller 21.
- the process proceeds to step S108, the ventilation fan 15 is operated with the first output, and the combustion air supply device 33 is operated. To continue the startup.
- step S111 ' if the measured temperature is equal to or lower than the first predetermined temperature (Yes in step S111'), the process returns to step S107 '.
- the ventilation fan 15 when the operation is started, first, the ventilation fan 15 is operated for the first predetermined time to allow the outside air to reach the inside of the housing 11 and the temperature.
- the temperature detected by the detector 20 is compared with the second predetermined temperature. If the temperature is equal to or lower than the second predetermined temperature, the ventilation fan 15 is stopped and the combustion air supply device 33 whose output is smaller than that of the ventilation fan 15 is operated.
- FIG. 5 is a graph schematically showing a change over time of the detected temperature T in the casing in the fuel cell system 100 according to a modification of the present embodiment.
- the cooler outside air is introduced into the casing 11 by the ventilation fan 15, so that the temperature in the casing decreases, but after the first predetermined time t 1 has elapsed, If the temperature is lower than the second predetermined temperature T 2 stops the ventilating fan 15, to operate the combustion air supply device 33.
- t 1 subsequent flue gas from the combustor 32 is discharged from the discharge path 19, the temperature of the enclosure increases. Then the temperature is to resume the operation of the ventilation fan 15 becomes the first predetermined temperature above T 1 (time t 2).
- a cooling water passage 29 for cooling the fuel cell 12 a first water circulator 28, and a cooling water tank 27 are arranged.
- the fuel cell system 100 is configured to operate the first water circulator 28 and recover the heat generated in the fuel cell 12 with a heat medium (water).
- the first water circulator 28 may have any configuration as long as the cooling water can be circulated while adjusting the flow rate thereof.
- the first water circulator 28 includes pumps such as a rotary pump and a cylinder pump. Also good.
- a first heat exchanger 41 is disposed in the off fuel gas passage 25, and a second heat exchanger 42 is disposed in the off oxidant gas passage 26.
- An exhaust heat recovery path 43 communicates with the first heat exchanger 41 and the second heat exchanger 42.
- Low temperature water flows into the exhaust heat recovery path 43 from a tank for storing hot water, recovers heat from the off fuel gas and the off oxidant gas via the first heat exchanger 41 and the second heat exchanger 42, And return to the tank.
- the hot water stored in the tank is used for hot water supply, bathing, and heating.
- a heat exchanger may be provided in the cooling water path 29 and the exhaust heat recovery path 43 may be passed.
- the fuel cell system 100 is configured to operate the second water circulator 44 during the operation (startup, power generation) and recover the heat of the off-fuel gas and the heat of the off-oxidant gas with the heat medium (water). ing.
- the second water circulator 44 may have any configuration as long as it can circulate the heat-recovered water.
- the second water circulator 44 may include pumps such as a rotary pump and a cylinder pump.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart schematically showing the operation of the fuel cell system 100 according to the second embodiment.
- step S201 to step S205 shown in FIG. 7 Since the contents from step S201 to step S205 shown in FIG. 7 are the same as those from step S101 to step S105 of the first embodiment, description thereof will be omitted and the operation from step S206 will be described.
- step S206 when the measured temperature is higher than the fourth predetermined temperature (No in step S206), the process proceeds to step S208, where the first water circulator 28 and the second water circulator 44 are operated with the third output, and then Proceed to the step and continue startup.
- step S206 when the detected temperature is equal to or lower than the fourth predetermined temperature (Yes in step S206), the controller 21 proceeds to step S207, and both the first water circulator 28 and the second water circulator 44 are circulated. Is operated with the fourth output, and the process proceeds to the next step S209.
- step S209 the controller 21 uses the temperature detector 20 to detect the temperature in the housing.
- step S210 the controller 21 stores the detected temperature.
- step S211 the controller 21 compares the stored detected temperature with the third predetermined temperature stored in advance by the controller 21. In step S211, when the detected temperature is higher than the third predetermined temperature (No in step S211), the process proceeds to step S208, where the first water circulator 28 and the second water circulator 44 are operated with the third output, and then Proceed to the step and continue startup.
- step 211 when the detected temperature is equal to or lower than the third predetermined temperature (Yes in step S211), the process returns to step S207.
- the third output of the water circulator is an output for obtaining a water circulation amount in a normal state of the water circulator or the fuel cell system, and the fourth output is for avoiding transient freezing. It is the output of the water circulator to obtain the amount of water circulation.
- the ventilation fan 15 when the operation is started, the ventilation fan 15 is first operated, the outside air reaches the inside of the housing 11, and the temperature detector 20 detects it. The temperature is compared with the fourth predetermined temperature. If the temperature is equal to or lower than the fourth predetermined temperature, the first water circulator 28 and the second water circulator 44 are operated with the fourth output, and the cooling water path 29 and the exhaust heat recovery path 43 are operated. By allowing water to flow through, the water circulator can be operated at a temperature at which freezing cannot be avoided by adjusting the air volume of the ventilation fan 15, thereby preventing the water path from freezing.
- the fuel cell system includes both the cooling water path and the heat recovery path.
- the fuel cell system may include only the cooling water path or the heat recovery path.
- the first water circulator 28 and the second water circulator 44 are simultaneously operated in step S207.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and any one of the first water circulator and the second water circulator is used. One may be operated.
- the third output may be a unique output of each of the first water circulator 28 and the second water circulator 44.
- the output of the third output may be changed depending on the temperature detected by the temperature detector 20.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 includes a heater 22.
- the heater 22 is a heater that heats the inside of the housing 11, and its form is not limited. For example, you may be comprised with a ceramic heater, a sheathed heater, a rubber heater, etc. Since the configuration other than the heater 22 is the same as that of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart schematically showing the operation of the fuel cell system 100 according to the third embodiment.
- step S301 to step S305 shown in FIG. 9 Since the content from step S301 to step S305 shown in FIG. 9 is the same as that from step S101 to step S105 of the first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted and the operation from step S306 will be described.
- step S306 when the detected temperature is higher than the sixth predetermined temperature (No in step S306), the process proceeds to step S308, the heater 22 is operated with the fifth output (stop state (OFF)), and the next Proceed to step and continue startup.
- step S306 when the detected temperature is equal to or lower than the sixth predetermined temperature (Yes in step S306), the controller 21 proceeds to step S307 and outputs the heater 22 with the sixth output (starting state (ON)). Operate and proceed to the next Step S309.
- step S309 the controller 21 uses the temperature detector 20 to detect the temperature inside the housing.
- step S310 the controller 21 stores the detected temperature.
- step S311 the controller 21 compares the stored detected temperature with the fifth predetermined temperature stored in advance by the controller 21. In step S311, when the detected temperature is higher than the fifth predetermined temperature (No in step S111 ′), the process proceeds to step S308, in which the heater 22 is operated with the fifth output (stopped state (OFF)). Proceed to the step and continue startup.
- step 211 when the detected temperature is equal to or lower than the fifth predetermined temperature (Yes in step S311), the process returns to step S307.
- the ventilation fan 15 when the operation is started, first, the ventilation fan 15 is operated, the outside air reaches the inside of the housing 11, and is detected by the temperature detector 20. The temperature is compared with the sixth predetermined temperature. When the temperature is equal to or lower than the sixth predetermined temperature, the heater 22 is operated at the sixth output, and the inside of the housing 11 is warmed to prevent freezing in the housing 11. be able to.
- the sixth output of the heater 22 is activated (ON).
- the output of the heater 22 may be changed depending on the temperature detected by the temperature detector 20. .
- Embodiment 4 First, the configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described.
- the configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 is the same as that of FIG. 1 shown in Embodiment 1, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart schematically showing the operation of the fuel cell system 100 according to the fourth embodiment.
- step S401 to step S405 shown in FIG. 10 are the same as those from step S101 to step S105 in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment, description thereof will be omitted and the operation from step S406 will be described.
- step S406 the detected temperature stored in step S405 is compared with the fourth predetermined temperature.
- step S406 when the detected temperature is equal to or lower than the fourth predetermined temperature (Yes in step S406), the process proceeds to step S407, and the operation of the fuel cell system is prohibited.
- the fourth predetermined temperature is set to ⁇ 20 ° C. or lower as a temperature at which the possibility of freezing in the casing 11 is high.
- the fourth predetermined temperature is not limited to this.
- step S406 when the detected temperature is higher than the fourth predetermined temperature (No in step S406), the controller 21 proceeds to step S408, continues the operation of the air supply device with the first output, and proceeds to step S409. Proceed to
- step S409 the controller 21 compares the detected temperature stored in step S405 with the first predetermined temperature stored in advance.
- step S409 when the detected temperature is higher than the first predetermined temperature (No in step S409), the controller 21 proceeds to step S411 and continuously operates the ventilation fan 15 with the first output. Proceed to continue the startup operation.
- step S409 when the detected temperature is equal to or lower than the first predetermined temperature (Yes in step S409), the controller 21 proceeds to step S410, operates the ventilation fan 15 with the second output, and in the next step. Proceed to continue certain startup actions.
- the air supply unit 15 when the operation is started, first, the air supply unit 15 is operated, the outside air reaches the inside of the casing 11, and the temperature detector 20 detects the air.
- the fuel cell system is prohibited from operating when the temperature is equal to or lower than the fourth predetermined temperature, which is a temperature at which it is difficult to avoid freezing, and the outside air is not taken into the housing. Freezing can be avoided.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to the fifth embodiment.
- the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 5 includes an air supplier 15, a heater 22, a first water circulator 28, and a second water circulator 44.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart schematically showing the operation of the fuel cell system 100 according to the fifth embodiment.
- the controller 21 confirms whether or not an operation command is input to the fuel cell system 100 (step S501).
- Step S501 When the operation command is not input to the fuel cell system 100 (No in Step S501), the controller 21 repeats Step S501 until the operation command is input.
- step S501 If an operation command is input to the fuel cell system 100 in step S501 (Yes in step S501), the process proceeds to step S502.
- step S502 the controller 21 starts the operation of the ventilation fan 15 with the first output, and proceeds to step S503.
- step S503 the controller 21 starts the temperature detection of the air introduced from the outside of the building 200 with the temperature detector 20, and proceeds to step S504.
- step S504 the controller 21 determines whether or not the operation time of the ventilation fan 15 has passed a predetermined time.
- step S504 if the operation time of the ventilation fan 15 has not elapsed for a predetermined time (No in step S504), the controller 21 repeats step S504 until the first predetermined time elapses.
- step S504 if the operation time of the ventilation fan 15 has passed the predetermined time (Yes in step S504), the process proceeds to step S505.
- step S505 the controller 21 stores the temperature at the elapse of a predetermined time detected by the temperature detector 20, and proceeds to step S506.
- step S506 the controller 21 compares the detected temperature stored in step S505 with the second predetermined temperature stored in advance by the controller 21.
- step S506 when the detected temperature is higher than the second predetermined temperature (No in step S506), the controller 21 proceeds to step S508, continues the operation of the ventilation fan 15 with the first output, and starts the operation. continue.
- step S506 when the detected temperature is equal to or lower than the second predetermined temperature (Yes in step S506), the controller 21 proceeds to step S507, changes the ventilation fan 15 to the second output, and proceeds to step S509. .
- step S509 the detected temperature stored in step S505 is compared with the fourth predetermined temperature.
- step S509 when the detected temperature is equal to or lower than the fourth predetermined temperature (Yes in step S509), the process proceeds to step S510, and the first water circulator 28 and the second water circulator 44 are operated with the fourth output. Proceed to S512.
- step S509 when the detected temperature is equal to or higher than the fourth predetermined temperature (No in step S509), the process proceeds to step S511, and the first water circulator 28 and the second water circulator 44 are operated with the third output and started. Continue.
- step S512 the detected temperature stored in step S505 is compared with the sixth predetermined temperature.
- step S512 if the detected temperature is equal to or lower than the sixth predetermined temperature (Yes in step S512), the process proceeds to step S513, the heater is operated with the sixth output (startup), and the start-up is continued.
- step S512 when the detected temperature is equal to or higher than the sixth predetermined temperature (No in step S512), the process proceeds to step S511, the heater is operated with the fifth output (stop), and the activation is continued.
- the relationship between the first predetermined temperature, the second predetermined temperature, and the third predetermined temperature is such that the first predetermined temperature> the second predetermined temperature> the third predetermined temperature. That is, the first predetermined temperature is set to be higher than the second predetermined temperature, and the second predetermined temperature is set to be higher than the third predetermined temperature.
- the third predetermined temperature is 0 ° C. as a temperature for starting freezing avoidance due to heating
- the second predetermined temperature is 3 ° C. as a temperature for starting freezing avoidance due to water circulation
- the first predetermined temperature avoids freezing avoidance due to a decrease in the air flow rate It is good also as 5 degreeC as temperature to perform.
- the air supply unit 15 when the operation is started, first, the air supply unit 15 is operated, the outside air reaches the inside of the casing 11, and the temperature detector 20 detects the air.
- the auxiliary machine operation necessary for avoiding freezing can be selected by the selected temperature.
- the freezing avoidance operation is distinguished by the detected temperature level. The effect that consumption can be controlled can be further obtained.
- the start of the fuel cell system has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the detected temperature continues the first predetermined temperature, the third predetermined temperature, and the fifth predetermined temperature during the start.
- the operation is shifted from start-up to power generation, and the case where the temperature in the casing rises after the start of power generation and the second temperature, the fourth temperature, and the sixth temperature are measured is also included.
- the fuel cell system and the operation method thereof according to the present invention are useful in the field of fuel cells because it is possible to stably generate power in the fuel cell system and improve the durability of the fuel cell system. It is.
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Abstract
Description
まず、本発明の実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システムの構成について、図面を参照しながら説明する。
空気が筐体11内に導入され、さらに筐体11内の空気が換気ファン15から、換気経路30を介して、排気口17から排出経路19を通じて、建物200の外部に排出されることで行われる。
本発明の実施の形態1の変形例に係る燃料電池システムの構成について、図面を参照しながら説明する。図3は、本発明の実施の形態1の変形例に係る燃料電池システムの概略構成を示す模式図である。
まず、本発明の実施の形態2に係る燃料電池システムの構成について説明する。
次に本実施の形態3について図8と図9を参照しながら説明する。
まず、本発明の実施の形態4に係る燃料電池システムの構成について説明する。
実施の形態4に係る燃料電池システムは、その構成は実施の形態1で示される図1と同じであり、詳細な説明は省略する。
次に、本発明の実施の形態5に係る燃料電池システムについて説明する。
12 燃料電池
13 燃料ガス供給器
14 酸化剤ガス供給器
15 空気供給器(換気ファン)
16 給気口
17 排気口
18 供給経路
19 排出経路
20 温度検知器
21 制御器
22 加熱器
23 燃料ガス供給路
24 酸化剤ガス供給路
25 オフ燃料ガス路
26 オフ酸化剤ガス路
27 冷却水タンク
28 第1水循環器
29 冷却水経路
30 換気経路
31 燃料生成器
32 燃焼器
33 燃焼空気供給器
34 燃焼排ガス路
35 燃焼空気路
41 第1熱交換器
42 第2熱交換器
43 排熱回収経路
44 第2水循環器
100 燃料電池システム
200 建物
Claims (10)
- 燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスとを反応させて発電する燃料電池と、
少なくとも前記燃料電池を収納し、給気口と排気口とが形成されている筐体と、
前記給気口に接続し、前記筐体外の外気を前記筐体内へ導入するように構成された供給経路と、
前記排気口に接続し、前記供給経路と熱交換を行うように構成され、少なくとも前記筐体内の空気を前記筐体外へ排出するように構成された排出経路と、
前記供給経路を介して前記筐体内へ外気を導入する空気供給器と、
前記筐体内、前記供給経路、及び、前記排出経路のうちの少なくとも一つに配置され、温度を検知する温度検知器と、
少なくとも前記空気供給器を制御する制御器と、
を備え、
前記制御器は、前記空気供給器を動作させた後に前記温度検知器が検知する検知温度が第1所定温度以下の場合、前記空気供給器の空気供給量を減少させ且つ引き続き動作させる、
燃料電池システム。 - 前記温度検知器は、前記筐体内に配置され、
前記制御器は、前記空気供給器を動作させて外気が供給経路を介して前記筐体内へ導入された後に前記温度検知器が検知する検知温度が前記第1所定温度以下の場合に、前記空気供給器の空気供給量を減少させ且つ引き続き動作させる、
請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器は、前記空気供給器を第1所定時間運転させた後に前記温度検知器が検知する温度が前記第1所定温度以下の場合に、前記空気供給器の空気供給量を減少させ且つ引き続き動作させる、
請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器は、前記空気供給器を動作させて第2所定時間経過した後に、前記温度検知器の検知温度が所定の温度幅内でかつ前記第1所定温度以下の場合に、前記空気供給器の空気供給量を減少させ且つ引き続き動作させる、
請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 原料を改質して燃料ガスを生成し、これを前記燃料電池に供給する改質器と、
可燃性ガスを燃焼させて前記改質器を加熱する燃焼器と、
をさらに備え、
前記空気供給器は、前記筐体内の空気を換気する換気器、前記燃料電池へ酸化剤ガスである空気を供給する酸化剤ガス供給器、および、前記燃焼器へ燃焼用空気を供給する燃焼空気供給器、のうちの少なくとも一つの機器である、
請求項1~4のうちのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記空気供給器は、前記筐体内の空気を換気する換気器、および、前記燃焼器へ燃焼用空気を供給する燃焼空気供給器を備え、
前記排出経路は、前記燃焼器の燃焼排ガスを排出するように前記燃焼器と連通しており、
前記制御器は、前記空気供給器を動作させた後に前記温度検知器が検知する検知温度が前記第1所定温度より低い第2所定温度以下の場合は、前記換気器の動作を停止し、前記燃焼空気供給器を動作させて前記燃焼器の燃焼を実行させる、
請求項5に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料電池が発電した際に発生する熱を吸収する冷却水を循環するための冷却水経路、並びに、前記燃料電池から排出される燃料ガスであるオフ燃料ガスおよび前記燃料電池から排出される酸化剤ガスであるオフ酸化剤ガスと熱交換する熱回収水を循環するための熱回収経路、のうちの少なくとも一方の経路と、
前記少なくとも一方の経路に配置されている水循環器と、
をさらに備え、
前記制御器は、前記空気供給器を動作させた後に前記温度検知器が検知する検知温度が前記第1所定温度より低い第3所定温度以下の場合は、前記第3所定温度より高い場合より前記水循環器の水循環量を増大させる、
請求項1~6のうちのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記筐体内に配置されている加熱器をさらに備え、
前記制御器は、前記空気供給器を動作させた後に前記温度検知器が検知する検知温度が前記第3所定温度より低い第4所定温度以下の場合は、前記第4所定温度より高い場合より前記加熱器の加熱量を増大させる、
請求項1~7のうちのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器は、前記空気供給器を動作させた後に前記温度検知器が検知する検知温度が前記第4所定温度より低い第5所定温度以下の場合は、前記燃料電池システムの起動を禁止させる、又は、運転を停止させる、
請求項1~8のうちのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスとを反応させて発電する燃料電池と、少なくとも前記燃料電池を収納し、給気口と排気口とが形成されている筐体と、前記給気口に接続し、前記筐体外の外気を前記筐体内へ導入するように構成された供給経路と、前記排気口に接続し、前記供給経路と熱交換を行うように構成され、少なくとも前記筐体内の空気を前記筐体外へ排出するように構成された排出経路と、前記供給経路を介して前記筐体内へ外気を導入する空気供給器と、を備えた燃料電池システムの運転方法であって、
前記空気供給器を動作させた後に、前記筐体内、前記供給経路、及び、前記排出経路のうちの少なくとも一つの温度が第1所定温度以下か否かを判定するステップと、
前記温度が第1所定温度以下であった場合に、前記空気供給器の空気供給量を減少させ且つ引き続き動作させるステップと、
を備える燃料電池システムの運転方法。
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JP2014510047A JP5649760B2 (ja) | 2012-04-10 | 2013-04-04 | 燃料電池システム及びその運転方法 |
EP13775090.7A EP2838146B1 (en) | 2012-04-10 | 2013-04-04 | Fuel cell system, and operating method thereof |
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US20150147672A1 (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2015-05-28 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co.,Ltd | Power generation system and method of operating the same |
JP7159721B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-11 | 2022-10-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 建物 |
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JP5649760B2 (ja) | 2015-01-07 |
EP2838146A1 (en) | 2015-02-18 |
JPWO2013153789A1 (ja) | 2015-12-17 |
EP2838146B1 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
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